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Küçük BN, Yilmaz EG, Aslan Y, Erdem Ö, Inci F. Shedding Light on Cellular Secrets: A Review of Advanced Optical Biosensing Techniques for Detecting Extracellular Vesicles with a Special Focus on Cancer Diagnosis. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 39175406 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
In the relentless pursuit of innovative diagnostic tools for cancer, this review illuminates the cutting-edge realm of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their biomolecular cargo detection through advanced optical biosensing techniques with a primary emphasis on their significance in cancer diagnosis. From the sophisticated domain of nanomaterials to the precision of surface plasmon resonance, we herein examine the diverse universe of optical biosensors, emphasizing their specified applications in cancer diagnosis. Exploring and understanding the details of EVs, we present innovative applications of enhancing and blending signals, going beyond the limits to sharpen our ability to sense and distinguish with greater sensitivity and specificity. Our special focus on cancer diagnosis underscores the transformative potential of optical biosensors in early detection and personalized medicine. This review aims to help guide researchers, clinicians, and enthusiasts into the captivating domain where light meets cellular secrets, creating innovative opportunities in cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Nur Küçük
- UNAM─National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eylul Gulsen Yilmaz
- UNAM─National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Aslan
- UNAM─National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özgecan Erdem
- UNAM─National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Inci
- UNAM─National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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Wang X, Du Y, Jing W, Cao C, Wu X, Yang K, Zhu L. Fluorescent identification of immunomagnetically captured CTCs using triplex-aptamer-targeted dendritic SiO 2@Fe 3O 4 nanocomposite. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:424. [PMID: 38922365 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis, recurrence monitoring, and prognosis assessment of cancer patients. There is a compelling need to develop an efficient technique for the capture and identification of these rare CTCs. However, the exclusive reliance on a single criterion, such as the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) antibody or aptamer, for the specific recognition of epithelial CTCs is not universally suitable for clinical applications, as it usually falls short in identifying EpCAM-negative CTCs. To address this limitation, we propose a straightforward and cost-effective method involving triplex fluorescently labelled aptamers (FAM-EpCAM, Cy5-PTK7, and Texas Red-CSV) to modify Fe3O4-loaded dendritic SiO2 nanocomposite (dmSiO2@Fe3O4/Apt). This multi-recognition-based strategy not only enhanced the efficiency in capturing heterogeneous CTCs, but also facilitated the rapid and accurate identification of CTCs. The capture efficiency of heterogenous CTCs reached up to 93.33%, with a detection limit as low as 5 cells/mL. Notably, the developed dmSiO2@Fe3O4/Apt nanoprobe enabled the swift identification of captured cells in just 30 min, relying solely on the fluorescently modified aptamers, which reduced the identification time by approximately 90% compared with the conventional immunocytochemistry (ICC) technique. Finally, these nanoprobe characteristics were validated using blood samples from patients with various types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing West Road, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing West Road, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Jing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Changchun Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing West Road, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing West Road, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Kangqun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing West Road, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing West Road, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
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Tan J, Zhu C, Li L, Wang J, Xia XH, Wang C. Engineering Cell Membranes: From Extraction Strategies to Emerging Biosensing Applications. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7880-7894. [PMID: 38272835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Chengcheng Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Li
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212000, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
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Jiang W, Wu J, Lin X, Chen Z, Lin L, Yang J. Enumeration and Molecular Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cell Using an Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/Vimentin/Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Joint Capture System in Lung Cancer. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2024; 18:11795549241231568. [PMID: 38525298 PMCID: PMC10960340 DOI: 10.1177/11795549241231568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Detection rate and isolation yield of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are low in lung cancer with approaches due to CTC invasiveness and heterogeneity. In this study, on the basis of the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) phenotype, markers of vimentin and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phenotype were added to jointly construct a precise and efficient CTC capture system for capture of lung cancer CTCs. Methods A CTC capture system combined with EpCAM lipid magnetic bead (Ep-LMB)/vimentin lipid magnetic bead (Vi-LMB)/EGFR lipid magnetic bead (EG-LMB) was constructed, and its performance was tested. The amount of CTC captured in the blood of patients with lung cancer was detected by immunofluorescence identification and analyzed for clinical relevance. Results The constructed CTC capture system has low cytotoxicity. The capture efficiency of lung cancer cells in phosphate belanced solution (PBS) system was 95.48%. The capture efficiency in the blood simulation system is 94.55%. The average number of CTCs in the blood of patients with lung cancer was 9.73/2 mL. The quantity distribution of CTCs is significantly correlated with tumor staging and metastasis. The area under the curve (AUC) of CTCs for the diagnosis of lung cancer was 0.9994 (95% CI = 0.9981-1.000, P < .0001). The cutoff value was 4.5/2 mL. The sensitivity was 99.39%, and the specificity was 96.88%. Conclusion The EpCAM/vimentin/EGFR combined capture system has feasibility and high sensitivity in the detection of lung cancer CTC typing, which can be used as an auxiliary diagnostic indicator for lung cancer and is expected to promote the clinical application of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentan Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jingyang Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xianbin Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhiyao Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Esophageal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Liangan Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jiansheng Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Pounraj S, Chen S, Ma L, Mazzieri R, Dolcetti R, Rehm BHA. Targeting Tumor Heterogeneity with Neoantigen-Based Cancer Vaccines. Cancer Res 2024; 84:353-363. [PMID: 38055891 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Neoantigen-based cancer vaccines have emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic approach to treat cancer. Nevertheless, the high degree of heterogeneity in tumors poses a significant hurdle for developing a vaccine that targets the therapeutically relevant neoantigens capable of effectively stimulating an immune response as each tumor contains numerous unique putative neoantigens. Understanding the complexities of tumor heterogeneity is crucial for the development of personalized neoantigen-based vaccines, which hold the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment and improve patient outcomes. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in the design of neoantigen-based cancer vaccines emphasizing the identification, validation, formulation, and targeting of neoantigens while addressing the challenges posed by tumor heterogeneity. The review highlights the application of cutting-edge approaches, such as single-cell sequencing and artificial intelligence to identify immunogenic neoantigens, while outlining current limitations and proposing future research directions to develop effective neoantigen-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Pounraj
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University (Nathan Campus), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shuxiong Chen
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University (Nathan Campus), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Linlin Ma
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University (Nathan Campus), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University (Nathan Campus), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roberta Mazzieri
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University (Nathan Campus), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MHIQ), Griffith University (Gold Coast Campus), Queensland, Australia
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Ntzifa A, Lianidou E. Pre-analytical conditions and implementation of quality control steps in liquid biopsy analysis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:573-594. [PMID: 37518938 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2230290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, great advancements have been made in the field of liquid biopsy through extensive research and the development of new technologies that facilitate the use of liquid biopsy for cancer patients. This is shown by the numerous liquid biopsy tests that gained clearance by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in recent years. Liquid biopsy has significantly altered cancer treatment by providing clinicians with powerful and immediate information about therapeutic decisions. However, the clinical integration of liquid biopsy is still challenging and there are many critical factors to consider prior to its implementation into routine clinical practice. Lack of standardization due to technical challenges and the definition of the clinical utility of specific assays further complicates the establishment of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in liquid biopsy. Harmonization of laboratories to established guidelines is of major importance to overcome inter-lab variabilities observed. Quality control assessment in diagnostic laboratories that offer liquid biopsy testing will ensure that clinicians can base their therapeutic decisions on robust results. The regular participation of laboratories in external quality assessment schemes for liquid biopsy testing aims to promptly pinpoint deficiencies and efficiently educate laboratories to improve their quality of services. Accreditation of liquid biopsy diagnostic laboratories based on the ISO15189 standard in Europe or by CLIA/CAP accreditation procedures in the US is the best way to achieve the adaptation of liquid biopsy into the clinical setting by assuring reliable results for the clinicians and their cancer patients. Nowadays, various organizations from academia, industry, and regulatory agencies collaborate to set a framework that will include all procedures from the pre-analytical phase and the analytical process to the final interpretation of results. In this review, we underline several challenges in the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) concerning standardization of protocols, quality control assessment, harmonization of laboratories, and compliance to specific guidelines that need to be thoroughly considered before liquid biopsy enters the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Ntzifa
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evi Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Strati A, Markou A, Kyriakopoulou E, Lianidou E. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Circulating Tumour Cells: Challenges for the Clinical Setting. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072185. [PMID: 37046848 PMCID: PMC10092977 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, liquid biopsy has gained much attention as a powerful tool in personalized medicine since it enables monitoring cancer evolution and follow-up of cancer patients in real time. Through minimally invasive procedures, liquid biopsy provides important information through the analysis of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and circulating tumour-derived material, such as circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), circulating miRNAs (cfmiRNAs) and extracellular vehicles (EVs). CTC analysis has already had an important impact on the prognosis, detection of minimal residual disease (MRD), treatment selection and monitoring of cancer patients. Numerous clinical trials nowadays include a liquid biopsy arm. CTC analysis is now an exponentially expanding field in almost all types of solid cancers. Functional studies, mainly based on CTC-derived cell-lines and CTC-derived explants (CDx), provide important insights into the metastatic process. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest findings on the clinical significance of CTCs for the management of cancer patients, covering the last four years. This review focuses on providing a comprehensive overview of CTC analysis in breast, prostate and non-small-cell lung cancer. The unique potential of CTC single-cell analysis for understanding metastasis biology, and the importance of quality control and standardization of methodologies used in this field, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areti Strati
- Analysis of Circulating Tumour Cells Lab, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Markou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumour Cells Lab, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Evi Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumour Cells Lab, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
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Eibl RH, Schneemann M. Medulloblastoma: From TP53 Mutations to Molecular Classification and Liquid Biopsy. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020267. [PMID: 36829544 PMCID: PMC9952923 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
A recent paradigm shift in the diagnostics of medulloblastoma allowed the distinction of four major groups defined by genetic data rather than histology. This new molecular classification correlates better with prognosis and will allow for the better clinical management of therapies targeting druggable mutations, but also offer a new combination of monitoring tumor development in real-time and treatment response by sequential liquid biopsy. This review highlights recent developments after a century of milestones in neurosurgery and radio- and chemotherapy, but also controversial theories on the cell of origin, animal models, and the use of liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Eibl
- c/o M. Schneemann; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospitals of Schaffhausen, 8208 Schaffhausen, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Markus Schneemann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospitals of Schaffhausen, 8208 Schaffhausen, Switzerland
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