1
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Lee J, Lim CT. 3D cellular self-assembly on optical disc-imprinted nanopatterns. LAB ON A CHIP 2024. [PMID: 39078315 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00386a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cellular assemblies, such as cancer spheroids and organoids, are increasingly valued for their physiological relevance, and versatility in biological applications. Nanopatterns that mimic the extracellular matrix provide crucial topological cues, creating a physiologically relevant cellular environment and guiding cellular behaviors. However, the high cost and complex, time-consuming nature of the nanofabrication process have limited the widespread adoption of nanopatterns in diverse biological applications. In this study, we present a straightforward and cost-effective elastomer replica molding method utilizing commercially available optical discs to generate various nanopatterns, such as nanogroove/ridge, nanoposts, and nanopits, varying in spacing and heights. Using the nanopatterned well chips (NW-Chips), we demonstrated the efficient formation of 3D multicellular self-assemblies of three different types of cancer cells. Our findings highlight the accessibility and affordability of optical discs as tools for nanopattern generation, offering promising avenues for modulating cell behaviors and advancing diverse biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyeon Lee
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
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2
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Tortajada-Genaro LA, Quintero-Campos P, Juárez MJ, Ibañez-Echevarria E, Chiriac AM, Fernández E, Morais S, Maquieira Á. Development and validation study of compact biophotonic platform for detection of serum biomarkers. Talanta 2024; 278:126511. [PMID: 38986307 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The application of advances in personalized medicine requires the support of in vitro diagnostic techniques aimed at the accurate, fast, sensitive, and precise determination of selected biomarkers. Herein, a novel optical centrifugal microfluidic device is developed for clinical analysis and point-of-care diagnostics. Based on compact disc technology, the integrated biophotonic system enables multiple immunoassays in miniaturized mode. The disposable microfluidic discs are made in cyclic olefin copolymer (COP), containing arrays of immobilized probes. In the developed approach, up to six patient samples can each be tested simultaneously. A portable instrument (<2 kg) controls the assay and the high-sensitive reproducible optical detection in transmission mode. Also, the instrument incorporates specific functionalities for personalized telemedicine. The device (analytical method, disc platform, reader, and software) has been validated to diagnose IgE-mediated drug allergies, such as amoxicillin and penicillin G. The total and specific IgE to β-lactam antibiotics were determined in human serum from patients (25 μL). The excellent analytical performances (detection limit 0.24 ng/mL, standard deviation 7-20 %) demonstrated that the developed system could have the potential for a broader impact beyond the allergy field, as it applies to other IVD tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Antonio Tortajada-Genaro
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-La Fe, Nanomedicine and Sensors, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Pedro Quintero-Campos
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - María José Juárez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ethel Ibañez-Echevarria
- Hospital Universitari i Politènic La Fe, Servicio de Alergología, Avinguda de Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anca Mirela Chiriac
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pulmonology, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Estrella Fernández
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergi Morais
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-La Fe, Nanomedicine and Sensors, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-La Fe, Nanomedicine and Sensors, Valencia, Spain
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3
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Pereda J, Milde Khatib C, Kezic S, Christensen MO, Yang S, Thyssen JP, Chu CY, Riethmüller C, Liao HS, Akhtar I, Ungar B, Guttman-Yassky E, Hædersdal M, Hwu ET. A Review of Atomic-Force Microscopy in Skin Barrier Function Assessment. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00357-9. [PMID: 38888524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Skin barrier function (SBF) disorders are a class of pathologies that affect a significant portion of the world population. These disorders cause skin lesions with intense itch, impacting patients' physical and psychological well-being as well as their social functioning. It is in the interest of patients that their disorder be monitored closely while under treatment to evaluate the effectiveness of the ongoing therapy and any potential adverse reactions. Symptom-based assessment techniques are widely used by clinicians; however, they carry some limitations. Techniques to assess skin barrier impairment are critical for understanding the nature of the disease and for helping personalize treatment. This review recalls the anatomy of the skin barrier and describes an atomic-force microscopy approach to quantitatively monitor its disorders and their response to treatment. We review a panel of studies that show that this technique is highly relevant for SBF disorder research, and we aim to motivate its adoption into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Pereda
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Casper Milde Khatib
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanja Kezic
- Amsterdam UMC, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sara Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chia-Yu Chu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsien-Shun Liao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Imtisal Akhtar
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Benjamin Ungar
- The Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- The Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Merete Hædersdal
- Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - En-Te Hwu
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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4
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Chen X, Du J, Kanwal S, Yang ZJ, Zheng LL, Wang J, Wen J, Zhang DW. A low-cost and portable fluorometer based on an optical pick-up unit for chlorophyll-a detection. Talanta 2024; 269:125447. [PMID: 38008018 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) fluorescence detection is an important technique for monitoring water quality. In this work, we proposed an approach that employs the mass-produced low-cost optical pick-up unit (OPU) extracted from the high-definition digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) drive as the key optical component for our chlorophyll-a fluorometer. The built-in blue-violet 405 nm laser diode of the OPU acts as the excitation light to perform laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The laser driver and a series of intrinsic lenses within the OPU, such as an objective lens with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.65 and a collimating lens, help reduce the size, cost, and system complexity of the fluorometer. By integrating off-the-shelf electronic components, miniaturized optical setups, and 3D-printed assemblies, we have developed a low-cost, easy-to-make, standalone, and portable fluorometer. Finally, we validated the performance of the device for chlorophyll-a fluorescence detection under laboratory and on-site conditions, which demonstrated its great potential in water monitoring applications. The limit of detection (LOD) for chlorophyll-a is 0.35 μg/L, the size of the device is 151 × 100 × 80 mm3, and the total cost of the proposed fluorometer is as low as 137.5 USD. © 2023 Elsevier Science. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Jing Du
- Huitong School, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Saima Kanwal
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zhi-Jin Yang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Lu-Lu Zheng
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Jing Wen
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
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5
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Zhang BQ, Ma FC, Xu JN, Ren DD, Zhou D, Pan T, Zhou L, Pu Q, Zeng ZC. Calibration of the oscillation amplitude of quartz tuning fork-based force sensors with astigmatic displacement microscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:015007. [PMID: 38284812 DOI: 10.1063/5.0183470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Quartz tuning forks and qPlus-based force sensors offer an alternative approach to silicon cantilevers for investigating tip-sample interactions in scanning probe microscopy. The high-quality factor (Q) and stiffness of these sensors prevent the tip from jumping to the contact, even at sub-nanometer amplitude. The qPlus configuration enables simultaneous scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy, achieving spatial resolution and spectroscopy at the subatomic level. However, to enable precise measurement of tip-sample interaction forces, confidence in these measurements is contingent upon the accurate calibration of the spring constant and oscillation amplitude of the sensor. Here, we have developed a method called astigmatic displacement microscopy with picometer sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Qin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Cen Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Nan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dou-Dou Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Pan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Cong Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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6
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Tobón-Maya H, Gómez-Ramírez A, Buitrago-Duque C, Garcia-Sucerquia J. Adapting a Blu-ray optical pickup unit as a point source for digital lensless holographic microscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:D39-D47. [PMID: 37132768 DOI: 10.1364/ao.474916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The adaptation of an off-the-shelf Blu-ray optical pickup unit (OPU) into a highly versatile point source for digital lensless holographic microscopy (DLHM) is presented. DLHM performance is mostly determined by the optical properties of the point source of spherical waves used for free-space magnification of the sample's diffraction pattern; in particular, its wavelength and numerical aperture define the achievable resolution, and its distance to the recording medium sets the magnification. Through a set of straightforward modifications, a commercial Blu-ray OPU can be transformed into a DLHM point source with three selectable wavelengths, a numerical aperture of up to 0.85, and integrated micro-displacements in both axial and transversal directions. The functionality of the OPU-based point source is then experimentally validated in the observation of micrometer-sized calibrated samples and biological specimens of common interest, showing the feasibility of obtaining sub-micrometer resolution and offering a versatile option for the development of new cost-effective and portable microscopy devices.
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7
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Javorskis T, Rakickas T, Janku̅naitė A, Vaitekonis Š, Ulčinas A, Orentas E. Maskless, Reusable Visible-Light Direct-Write Stamp for Microscale Surface Patterning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:11259-11267. [PMID: 36797999 PMCID: PMC11008783 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report a straightforward method for creating large-area, microscale resolution patterns of functional amines on self-assembled monolayers by the photoinduced local acidification of a flat elastomeric stamp enriched with photoacid. The limited diffusivity of the photoactivated merocyanine acid in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) enabled to confine efficient deprotection of N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl amino group (N-Boc) to line widths below 10 μm. The experimental setup is very simple and is built around the conventional HD-DVD optical pickup. The method allows cost-efficient, maskless, large-area chemical patterning while avoiding potentially cytotoxic photochemical reaction products. The activation of the embedded photoacid occurs within the stamp upon illumination with the laser beam and the process is fully reversible. Preliminary positive results highlight the possibility of repeatable use of the same stamp for the creation of different patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Javorskis
- Department
of Nanoengineering, Center for Physical
Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Rakickas
- Department
of Nanoengineering, Center for Physical
Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alberta Janku̅naitė
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Šaru̅nas Vaitekonis
- Department
of Nanoengineering, Center for Physical
Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Artu̅ras Ulčinas
- Department
of Nanoengineering, Center for Physical
Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvinas Orentas
- Department
of Nanoengineering, Center for Physical
Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
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8
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Liao HS, Akhtar I, Werner C, Slipets R, Pereda J, Wang JH, Raun E, Nørgaard LO, Dons FE, Hwu EET. Open-source controller for low-cost and high-speed atomic force microscopy imaging of skin corneocyte nanotextures. HARDWAREX 2022; 12:e00341. [PMID: 35936941 PMCID: PMC9352456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2022.e00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-speed atomic force microscopes (HS-AFMs) with high temporal resolution enable dynamic phenomena to be visualized at nanoscale resolution. However, HS-AFMs are more complex and costlier than conventional AFMs, and particulars of an open-source HS-AFM controller have not been published before. These high entry barriers hinder the popularization of HS-AFMs in both academic and industrial applications. In addition, HS-AFMs generally have a small imaging area that limits the fields of implementation. This study presents an open-source controller that enables a low-cost simplified AFM to achieve a maximum tip-sample velocity of 5,093 µm/s (9.3 s/frame, 512 × 512 pixels), which is nearly 100 times higher than that of the original controller. Moreover, the proposed controller doubles the imaging area to 46.3 × 46.3 µm2 compared to that of the original system. The low-cost HS-AFM can successfully assess the severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) by measuring the nanotexture of human skin corneocytes in constant height DC mode. The open-source controller-based HS-AFM system costs less than $4,000, which provides resource-limited research institutes with affordable access to high-throughput nanoscale imaging to further expand the HS-AFM research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Shun Liao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Imtisal Akhtar
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Werner
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roman Slipets
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jorge Pereda
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jen-Hung Wang
- Department of Mechatronics and Robotics, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Ellen Raun
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Laura Olga Nørgaard
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frederikke Elisabet Dons
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Edwin En Te Hwu
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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9
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Ahn SI. A study on signal enhancement of a Raman probe using an optical pickup unit. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10802. [PMID: 36217491 PMCID: PMC9547214 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A simplified fabrication method for an optical pickup unit (OPU)-based Raman probe was introduced. The use of OPU tracking mode was examined to increase the Raman signal and reduce background signals. Unlike most Raman systems, the tracking mode of the OPU moves the objective lens in the x (or y) direction, thus resulting in a significantly reduced background signal and increased Raman signal intensity. These results can be explained by two factors, such as reducing the surface scattering of the incident light from the objective lens and decreasing signal blocking by a dot mirror, which depends on the horizontal position of the objective lens. The reproducibility of the OPU Raman in tracking mode is higher than the OPU Raman in normal mode. The peak position deviation was calculated to be around ±3 cm−1. The Raman spectra of normal organic samples were obtained under the same conditions and recorded as per the applied voltage in the OPU tracking mode to validate the fabricated device. The objective lens shifts resulted in increased Raman peaks and reduced background signals. The maximum peak-position difference for all samples was 10 cm−1 compared to reference peaks obtained using a commercial Raman system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Il Ahn
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University, Busandaehakro 63-2, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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10
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Liao HS, Huang YK, Syu-Gu JY, Hwu ET. Real-Time Reflectance Measurement Using an Astigmatic Optical Profilometer. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6242. [PMID: 36016000 PMCID: PMC9414481 DOI: 10.3390/s22166242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An astigmatic optical profilometer with a commercial optical pickup head provides benefits, such as high resolution, compact size, and low cost. To eliminate artifacts caused by complex materials with different reflectances, a z-axis modulation mode is proposed to obtain quantitative surface morphology by measuring S curves on all image pixels. Moreover, the slope of the linear region in the S curve shows a positive relationship with the surface reflectance. However, the slope was calculated using an offline curve fitting method, which did not allow real-time reflectance imaging. Furthermore, quantitative reflectance data were unavailable because of the lack of calibration. In this study, we propose a novel method for real-time reflectance imaging by measuring the amplitude of a focus error signal (FES). The calibration results displayed a linear relationship between the FES amplitude and reflectance. The reflectance image of a grating sample with chrome patterns on a glass substrate demonstrates accurate reflectance measurements with a micrometer spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Shun Liao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Kang Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Yuan Syu-Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - En-Te Hwu
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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11
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Kinnamon DS, Heggestad JT, Liu J, Chilkoti A. Technologies for Frugal and Sensitive Point-of-Care Immunoassays. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2022; 15:123-149. [PMID: 35216530 PMCID: PMC10024863 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061020-123817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Immunoassays are a powerful tool for sensitive and quantitative analysis of a wide range of biomolecular analytes in the clinic and in research laboratories. However, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-the gold-standard assay-requires significant user intervention, time, and clinical resources, making its deployment at the point-of-care (POC) impractical. Researchers have made great strides toward democratizing access to clinical quality immunoassays at the POC and at an affordable price. In this review, we first summarize the commercially available options that offer high performance, albeit at high cost. Next, we describe strategies for the development of frugal POC assays that repurpose consumer electronics and smartphones for the quantitative detection of analytes. Finally, we discuss innovative assay formats that enable highly sensitive analysis in the field with simple instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Kinnamon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
| | - Jacob T Heggestad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
| | - Jason Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
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12
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Jiang S, Guo C, Wang T, Liu J, Song P, Zhang T, Wang R, Feng B, Zheng G. Blood-Coated Sensor for High-Throughput Ptychographic Cytometry on a Blu-ray Disc. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1058-1067. [PMID: 35393855 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Blu-ray drive is an engineering masterpiece that integrates disc rotation, pickup head translation, and three lasers in a compact and portable format. Here, we integrate a blood-coated image sensor with a modified Blu-ray drive for high-throughput cytometric analysis of various biospecimens. In this device, samples are mounted on the rotating Blu-ray disc and illuminated by the built-in lasers from the pickup head. The resulting coherent diffraction patterns are then recorded by the blood-coated image sensor. The rich spatial features of the blood-cell monolayer help down-modulate the object information for sensor detection, thus forming a high-resolution computational biolens with a theoretically unlimited field of view. With the acquired data, we develop a lensless coherent diffraction imaging modality termed rotational ptychography for image reconstruction. We show that our device can resolve the 435 nm line width on the resolution target and has a field of view only limited by the size of the Blu-ray disc. To demonstrate its applications, we perform high-throughput urinalysis by locating disease-related calcium oxalate crystals over the entire microscope slide. We also quantify different types of cells on a blood smear with an acquisition speed of ∼10,000 cells per second. For in vitro experiments, we monitor live bacterial cultures over the entire Petri dish with single-cell resolution. Using biological cells as a computational lens could enable new intriguing imaging devices for point-of-care diagnostics. Modifying a Blu-ray drive with the blood-coated sensor further allows the spread of high-throughput optical microscopy from well-equipped laboratories to citizen scientists worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Chengfei Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Tianbo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Pengming Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Terrance Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Ruihai Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Guoan Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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13
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Chang TJ, Nielsen LH, Boisen A, Hwu ET. Open-source force analyzer with broad sensing range based on an optical pickup unit. HARDWAREX 2022; 11:e00308. [PMID: 35518278 PMCID: PMC9062582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2022.e00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the pharmaceutical field, oral drug delivery devices continue to shrink down to the micrometer scale, driving a trending demand to investigate ex vivo mucoadhesive force down to the micro-Newton scale. However, owing to the limitation of measuring sensitivity, conventional methods (e.g., a texture analyzer) lack reliability while measuring forces in this range. Herein, we report on an open-source force analyzer that utilizes an optical-pickup-unit (from a DVD player) to detect cantilever-based force transducers and thereby, achieves a wide force-sensing range from 1.1 N to 0.99 nN. The cantilever force transducers can easily be adjusted to fit different force ranges by adjusting the steel shim, magnets, and 3D printed components. To validate the analyzer, we conducted a preliminary study to investigate the effect of time and humidity of mucoadhesion of porcine intestinal tissues. Besides, we measured the mucoadhesive force of a single oral drug delivery microdevice with an average force of 93.7 µN on the top sides of the device. This analyzer offers the possibility of measuring e.g. mucoadhesion of individual microdevices in the micro-Newton range. Hence, the analyzer can assist in the development of miniaturized oral drug delivery devices but has a much wider field of potential force sensing applications.
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14
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Liao HS, Werner C, Slipets R, Emil Larsen P, Hwang IS, Chang TJ, Ulrich Danzebrink H, Huang KY, Hwu ET. Low-cost, open-source XYZ nanopositioner for high-precision analytical applications. HARDWAREX 2022; 11:e00317. [PMID: 35647417 PMCID: PMC9133644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2022.e00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale positioning has numerous applications in both academia and industry. A growing number of applications require devices with long working distances and nanoscale resolutions. Friction-inertia piezoelectric positioners, which are based on the stick-slip mechanism, achieve both nanometer resolution and centimeter-scale travel. However, the requirements of complex preload mechanism, precision machining, and precise assembly increase the cost of conventional friction-inertia nanopositioners. Herein we present the design of an open-source XYZ-axis nanopositioning system. Utilizing a magnet-based stick-slip driving mechanism, the proposed XYZ nanopositioner provides several advantages, including sub-nanometer resolution, a payload capacity of up to 12 kg (horizontal), compact size, low cost, and easy assembly; furthermore, the system is adjustment-free. The performance tests validate the precision of the system in both scanning and stepping operation modes. Moreover, the resonant spectra affirm the rigidity and dynamic response of the mechanism. In addition, we demonstrate the practical applications of this nanopositioner in various measurement techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, vibrometry, and atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, we present 11 variations of the nanopositioner designs that are either compatible with ultra-high-vacuum systems and other existing systems, 3D printable, or hacking commercial linear slides.
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Key Words
- 3D printing
- AFM, Atomic force microscope
- Atomic force microscopy
- Atomic resolution
- DAC, Digital-to-analog converter
- DVD, Digital video disc
- HOPG, Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite
- IDUN, Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics
- Nanopositioning
- OPU, Optical pick-up unit
- OSF, Open Science Framework
- PLA, Polylactic acid
- PZT, Piezoelectric actuator
- SEM, Scanning electron microscope
- Scanning electron microscopy
- Vibrometer
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Shun Liao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Christian Werner
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| | - Roman Slipets
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Peter Emil Larsen
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | | | - Tien-Jen Chang
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | | | - Kuang-Yuh Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - En-Te Hwu
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
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15
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Li T, Guo R, Zong Q, Ling G. Application of molecular docking in elaborating molecular mechanisms and interactions of supramolecular cyclodextrin. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 276:118644. [PMID: 34823758 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cyclodextrin (CD)-based supramolecular nanomedicines have attracted growing interest because of their superior characteristics, including desirable biocompatibility, low toxicity, unique molecular structure and easy functionalization. The smart structures of CD impart host-guest interaction for meeting the multifunctional needs of disease therapy. However, it faces challenges in formulation design and inclusion mechanism clarification of the functional supramolecular assemblies owing to the complicated structures and mechanisms. Fortunately, molecular docking helps the researchers to comprehend the interaction between the drug and the target molecule for achieving high-through screening from the database. In this review, we summarized the category and characteristics of molecular docking along with the properties and applications of CD. Significantly, we highlighted the application of molecular docking in elaborating molecular mechanisms and simulating complex structures at molecular levels. The issues and development of CD and molecular docking were also presented to provide beneficial reference and new insights for supramolecular nano-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Li
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ranran Guo
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qida Zong
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guixia Ling
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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16
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Tortajada-Genaro LA, Maquieira A. Multiple recombinase polymerase amplification and low-cost array technology for the screening of genetically modified organisms. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Abutoama M, Abuleil M, Abdulhalim I. Resonant Subwavelength and Nano-Scale Grating Structures for Biosensing Application: A Comparative Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:4523. [PMID: 34282800 PMCID: PMC8271722 DOI: 10.3390/s21134523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Resonant-based sensors are attractive optical structures due to the easy detection of shifts in the resonance location in response to variations in the analyte refractive index (RI) in comparison to non-resonant-based sensors. In particular, due to the rapid progress of nanostructures fabrication methods, the manufacturing of subwavelength and nano-scale gratings in a large area and at a low cost has become possible. A comparative study is presented involving analysis and experimental work on several subwavelength and nanograting structures, highlighting their nano-scale features' high potential in biosensing applications, namely: (i) Thin dielectric grating on top of thin metal film (TDGTMF), which can support the excitation of extended surface plasmons (ESPs), guided mode resonance, or leaky mode; (ii) reflecting grating for conventional ESP resonance (ESPR) and cavity modes (CMs) excitation; (iii) thick dielectric resonant subwavelength grating exhibiting guided mode resonance (GMR) without a waveguide layer. Among the unique features, we highlight the following: (a) Self-referenced operation obtained using the TDGTMF geometry; (b) multimodal operation, including ESPR, CMs, and surface-enhanced spectroscopy using reflecting nanograting; (c) phase detection as a more sensitive approach in all cases, except the case of reflecting grating where phase detection is less sensitive than intensity or wavelength detection. Additionally, intensity and phase detection modes were experimentally demonstrated using off-the-shelf grating-based optical compact discs as a low-cost sensors available for use in a large area. Several flexible designs are proposed for sensing in the visible and infrared spectral ranges based on the mentioned geometries. In addition, enhanced penetration depth is also proposed for sensing large entities such as cells and bacteria using the TDGTMF geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abutoama
- Department of Electrooptics and Photonics Engineering and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel;
| | | | - Ibrahim Abdulhalim
- Department of Electrooptics and Photonics Engineering and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel;
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18
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Sun BR, Zhou AG, Li X, Yu HZ. Development and Application of Mobile Apps for Molecular Sensing: A Review. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1731-1744. [PMID: 33955727 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Modern smartphone-based sensing devices are generally standalone detection platforms that can transduce signals (via the built-in USB port, audio jack, or camera), perform analysis through mobile applications (apps), and display results on the screen/user interface. The advancement toward this ultimate form of on-site chemical analysis and point-of-care diagnosis is tied closely with the evolution of mobile technology. Previous reviews in the field mainly focused on the physical platforms while overlooking the role of mobile apps in such devices. There exist three general stages throughout the development: (1) early generation telemedicine, (2) mobile phone-assisted clinical diagnosis (without apps), and (3) mobile app-based sensing devices for various analytes. This review presents the key breakthroughs during each stage, recent development, remaining challenges, and future perspectives of the field. Representative examples, spanning from the pioneering point-of-care testing to the latest devices with integrated mobile apps, are classified by their sensing mechanisms. The review also discusses the scarcity of open-source apps dedicated to molecular sensing. With the introduction of more open-source and commercial apps, the mobile app-based detection system is anticipated to dominate point-of-care diagnosis and on-site molecular sensing in our opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta R. Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Alvin G. Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Xiaochun Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Zhong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P.R. China
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19
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Bartolini L, Poletti A, Marks R, Verlato E, Paolucci F, Rapino S, Albonetti C. Revised electrochemical etching system for a reproducible fabrication of ultra-sharp tungsten tips. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-020-01516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Tobon-Maya H, Zapata-Valencia S, Zora-Guzmán E, Buitrago-Duque C, Garcia-Sucerquia J. Open-source, cost-effective, portable, 3D-printed digital lensless holographic microscope. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:A205-A214. [PMID: 33690371 DOI: 10.1364/ao.405605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the design, construction, and testing of the most cost-effective digital lensless holographic microscope to date are presented. The architecture of digital lensless holographic microscopy (DLHM) is built by means of a 3D-printed setup and utilizing off-the-shelf materials to produce a DLHM microscope costing US$52.82. For the processing of the recorded in-line holograms, an open-source software specifically developed to process this type of recordings is utilized. The presented DLHM setup has all the degrees of freedom needed to achieve different fields of view, levels of spatial resolution, and 2D scanning of the sample. The feasibility of the presented platform is tested by imaging non-bio and bio samples; the resolution test targets, a section of the head of a Drosophila melanogaster fly, red blood cells, and cheek cells are imaged on the built microscope.
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21
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Tang Y, Ha S, Begou T, Lumeau J, Urbach HP, Dekker NH, Adam AJ. Versatile Multilayer Metamaterial Nanoparticles with Tailored Optical Constants for Force and Torque Transduction. ACS NANO 2020; 14:14895-14906. [PMID: 33170655 PMCID: PMC7690042 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The ability to apply force and torque directly to micro- and nanoscale particles in optical traps has a wide range of applications. While full control of both force and torque in three dimensions has been realized using top-down fabrication of rod-shaped particles composed of birefringent crystalline materials, widespread usage of such particles is limited as the optical constants of the predominant birefringent materials (quartz SiO2 and rutile TiO2) preclude coverage of the full application space of optical trapping. Here, we show that multilayer metamaterial nanoparticles provide access to a wide range of optical constants that can be specifically tuned for each application. Selecting the material pair Nb2O5/SiO2 from the library of amorphous dielectrics as our metamaterial, we show that its refractive index and birefringence can be designed by adapting the ratio of layer thicknesses. Using a robust top-down fabrication process, we show that uniformly sized, free-floating Nb2O5/SiO2 particles with high birefringence at moderate refractive index are obtained at high yield. Using an optical torque wrench, we show that these particles function as joint force and torque transducers while maintaining excellent stability in aqueous solutions and can be controllably optimized for particular physical characteristics such as maximal torque transfer or rapid response time. We expect that such customizable birefringent metamaterial nanoparticles whose properties surpass those of conventional crystalline particles will provide a means to unleash the full potential of optical trapping applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Optics Research
Group, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft
University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Seungkyu Ha
- Department
of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Begou
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale
Marseille, Institut Fresnel, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Julien Lumeau
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale
Marseille, Institut Fresnel, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - H. Paul Urbach
- Optics Research
Group, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft
University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke H. Dekker
- Department
of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Aurèle J.
L. Adam
- Optics Research
Group, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft
University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
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22
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Ahn SI. Study on a Raman spectrometer utilizing an optical pickup unit and pulsed power. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Mas S, Badran AA, Juárez MJ, Fernández de Rojas DH, Morais S, Maquieira Á. Highly sensitive optoelectrical biosensor for multiplex allergy diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 166:112438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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24
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Fabricating a Raman spectrometer using an optical pickup unit and pulsed power. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11692. [PMID: 32678168 PMCID: PMC7366627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Raman spectroscopy is a major analytical tool in modern chemical experiments, commercial Raman spectrometers remain very pricey for educational and research purposes in individual university laboratories. Thus, this study focused on the structural similarity between the Raman spectrometer and an optical pickup unit (OPU), which is an inexpensive compact optical device used for a part of optical discs. The study investigated whether or not a full set of Raman spectrometer can be developed at a cost of less than 1,000 US$. The OPU-based Raman spectrometer was fabricated using 3D printer-made components, a Raman edge filter, and a laser diode with a wavelength of 520 nm as the light source. A function generator was used as a pulsed power source to analyze the characteristics of the OPU Raman spectrometer according to various frequencies and duty ratios. When using a pulsed DC power supply, the laser wavelength tended to move to a longer wavelength with increases in duty ratios. That is, the higher the frequency at the same duty ratio, the weaker the background light intensity compared with the scattered Raman signal intensity. The findings illustrate that Raman signal strength can be adjusted by adjusting the focal length of the objective lens of the OPU through an external adjustment of an additional DC power. In the Raman spectra of all solid and liquid samples used, the maximum error rate reached approximately 11 cm−1, whereas the maximum intensity deviation reached approximately ± 6%. The cost of the complete OPU Raman spectrometer is less than 1,100 US$ using a function generator as power source and less than 930 US$ using a DC adapter. If the optical density (OD) 6 filter can be replaced with the OD 4 filter, then the costs are expected to decrease to approximately 730 US$.
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25
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Zhang L, Wang H, Zhang X, Li X, Yu HZ. Indirect Competitive Immunoassay on a Blu-ray Disc for Digitized Quantitation of Food Toxins. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1239-1245. [PMID: 32237719 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a Blu-ray disc technology enabled immunoassay (namely, assay-on-a-Blu-ray) protocol for the quantitation of food toxins. In particular, commercial Blu-ray discs (BDs) are activated as substrates to create indirect competitive immunoassays with the aid of microfluidic channel plates for the quantitation of aflatoxins; an unmodified Blu-ray drive is employed to read the digitized signal (error counts generated from gold/silver-particle-enhanced binding sites); and a free disc-quality control software is adapted to process the raw data. The performance of this BD-based digital detection platform has been tested for the quantitation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in spiked corn samples and validated with standard high-performance liquid chromatography measurements. The detection limit attained is as low as 0.27 ppb with a dynamic response range up to 200 ppb, which meets the standards established by government agencies worldwide for food products. We truly believe that the application potential of such a BD-technology-based, portable device for multiplex on-site quantitative analysis of food products as well as environmental and biomedical samples in real time is unlimited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Hairong Wang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Xiaochun Li
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Hua-Zhong Yu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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26
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Maejima K, Hiruta Y, Citterio D. Centrifugal Paperfluidic Platform for Accelerated Distance-Based Colorimetric Signal Readout. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4749-4754. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kento Maejima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuki Hiruta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Daniel Citterio
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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27
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Ko J, Lee D, Lee BJ, Kauh SK, Lee J. Micropipette Resonator Enabling Targeted Aspiration and Mass Measurement of Single Particles and Cells. ACS Sens 2019; 4:3275-3282. [PMID: 31762257 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports micropipette resonators, mechanical resonator-integrated micropipettes, which enable selective aspiration and mass measurement of particles or cells suspended in liquids with two orthogonal vibration modes. A custom pipette pulling system is built to provide power-modulated linear heating on a rotating glass capillary to make an asymmetric cross section with extended uniformity.A glass capillary is stretched with the custom puller, cut within the pulled region, polished, mounted on a machined metallic jig, and then coated with a metal. As a result, a doubly clamped tube resonator-integrated micropipette is made. For simultaneous frequency readouts of two orthogonal modes, an optical pickup, originally developed for optical data storage, is configured closely above and properly aligned to the micropipette resonator and two digital phase-locked loops are employed. For mass responsivity calibration, frequency shifts of the micropipette resonator are measured with various liquids and glass microparticles. Buoyant masses of unicellular organisms, Paramecium aurelia, freely swimming in a culture dish are successfully measured with two orthogonal modes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donghyuk Lee
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | | | - Sang Ken Kauh
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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28
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Agarwal R, Sarkar A, Paul S, Chakraborty S. A portable rotating disc as blood rheometer. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:064120. [PMID: 31803338 PMCID: PMC6887659 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in biophysical properties of blood are often strong indicators of life threatening infections. However, there is no existing device that integrates the sensing of blood hematocrit (or equivalently, packed cell volume), viscosity, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in a unified paradigm for point-of-care diagnostics. In an effort to develop a rapid, integrated, accurate, portable, and inexpensive sensing platform to diagnose the corresponding pathophysical parameters, we develop a simple and portable spinning disk capable of yielding these results in a few minutes instead of the traditional duration of hours. The device requires only 40 μl of unprocessed freshly drawn blood treated with an anticoagulant ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, instead of the traditional requirement of 2 ml of blood for just the ESR measurement and still more for hematocrit determination. In contrast to the sophisticated instrumentation required to determine these parameters by the previously proposed microfluidic devices, our device requires minimal infrastructure. The measurement of hematocrit is accomplished by means of a simple 15 cm ruler. Additionally, a simple measurement of the blood flow rate enables the determination of the ESR value. The rapidity, ease, accuracy, portability, frugality, and possible automation of the overall measurement process of some of the most important parameters of blood under infection pinpoint its utility in extreme point-of-care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Agarwal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | | | - Subhechchha Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur 711103, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Chu L, Zhang L, Gu ZZ, Li X, Kang X, Yu HZ. Blu-Ray Discs as Universal Biochip Substrates: Lithography-Free Surface Activation and Assay Patterning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:37330-37337. [PMID: 31525871 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Blu-ray discs (BDs) are advantageous in comparison with other optical discs (compact discs and digital versatile discs) in terms of not only their storage capacity but also the high-quality materials fabricated from. We have recently discovered that the "Hard Coat" film of Verbatim BDs is in fact a unique type of polymeric substrates that can be readily activated and adapted for biochip fabrications. Particularly, the Hard Coat film peeled from BDs is optically transparent without any fluorescence background, which can be activated by treating with a common base (1.0 M NaOH) at a slightly elevated temperature (55 °C). The surface density of reactive carboxylic acid groups generated, 6.6 ± 0.7 × 10-9 mol/cm2, is much higher than that on polycarbonate upon UV/ozone irradiation (4.8 ± 0.2 × 10-10 mol/cm2). There are no significant physical damages to the substrate morphology, and the aging effect is minimal. More importantly, the BD substrate can be patterned using either cut-out filter paper masks or microfluidic channel plates; both are lithography-free, bench-top methods that facilitate the device fabrication in a common laboratory setting. With classical biotin-streptavidin binding and DNA hybridization arrays as trial systems, we have also demonstrated this new type of biochip substrates for quantitative assay applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanling Chu
- Department of Chemistry , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , British Columbia V5A 1S6 , Canada
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210096 , China
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210037 , China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , British Columbia V5A 1S6 , Canada
- College of Biomedical Engineering , Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan , Shanxi 030024 , China
| | - Zhong-Ze Gu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210096 , China
| | - Xiaochun Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering , Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan , Shanxi 030024 , China
| | - Xuejun Kang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210096 , China
| | - Hua-Zhong Yu
- Department of Chemistry , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , British Columbia V5A 1S6 , Canada
- College of Biomedical Engineering , Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan , Shanxi 030024 , China
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