1
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Cui M, Zhang D, Wang Q, Chao J. An intelligent, autocatalytic, DNAzyme biocircuit for amplified imaging of intracellular microRNAs. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:578-587. [PMID: 36533380 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05165f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
DNAzymes hold great promise as transducing agents for the analysis of intracellular biomarkers. However, their low intracellular delivery efficiency and limited signal amplification capability (including an additional supply of cofactors) hinder their application in low-abundance biomarker analysis. Herein, a general strategy to design an intelligent, autocatalytic, DNAzyme biocircuit is developed for amplified microRNA imaging in living cells. The DNAzyme biocircuit is constructed based on a nanodevice composed of catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) and DNAzyme biocatalytic functional units, sustained by Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and MnO2 nanosheets (CD/AM nanodevices). Once the CD/AM nanodevices are endocytosed by cells, the MnO2 nanosheets are reduced by intracellular glutathione (GSH), which not only releases the different units of the DNAzyme circuit, but also generates the cofactor Mn2+ for DNAzyme autocatalysis. The intracellular analytes could trigger the coordinated cross-activation of CHA and autocatalytic DNAzymes on AuNPs, enabling reliable and accurate detection of miRNAs in living cells. This intelligent autocatalytic multilayer DNAzyme biocircuit can effectively avoid signal leakage and obtain high amplification gain, expanding the application of programmable complex DNA nanocircuits in biosensing, nanomaterial assembly, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Qingfu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Chao
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
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2
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Chitosan/genipin modified electrode for voltammetric determination of interleukin-6 as a biomarker of sepsis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:1450-1459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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3
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Ling M, Luo N, Cui L, Cao Y, Ning X, Sun J, Xu X, He S. On-bead DNA synthesis triggered by allosteric probe for detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:305. [PMID: 35915288 PMCID: PMC9342938 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive quantification of protein biomarkers is highly desired for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Yet, unlike DNA/RNA which can be greatly amplified by PCR/RT-PCR, the amplification and detection of trace amount of proteins remain a great challenge. Here, we combined allosteric probe (AP) with magnetic bead (MB) for assembling an on-bead DNA synthesis system (named as APMB) to amplify protein signals. The AP is designed and conjugated onto the MB, enabling the protein biomarker to be separated and enriched. Once recognizing the biomarker, the AP alters its conformation to initiate DNA synthesis on beads for primary signal amplification. During the DNA synthesis, biotin-dATPs are incorporated into the newly synthesized DNA strands. Then, the biotin-labeled DNA specifically captures streptavidin (STR)–conjugated horseradish peroxidase (HRP), which is used to catalyze a colorimetric reaction for secondary signal amplification. By using carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a protein model, the APMB can quantify protein biomarkers of as low as 0.01 ng/mL. The response values measured by APMB are linearly related to the protein concentrations in the range 0.05 to 20 ng/mL. Clinical examination demonstrated good practicability of the APMB in quantifying serum protein biomarker. The on-bead DNA synthesis could be exploited to improve protein signal amplification, thus facilitating protein biomarker detection of low abundance for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ling
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Luo
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanyu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Ning
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbin He
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Shan H, Dai H, Chen X. Monitoring Various Bioactivities at the Molecular, Cellular, Tissue, and Organism Levels via Biological Lasers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:3149. [PMID: 35590841 PMCID: PMC9102053 DOI: 10.3390/s22093149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The laser is considered one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century. Biolasers employ high signal-to-noise ratio lasing emission rather than regular fluorescence as the sensing signal, directional out-coupling of lasing and excellent biocompatibility. Meanwhile, biolasers can also be micro-sized or smaller lasers with embedded/integrated biological materials. This article presents the progress in biolasers, focusing on the work done over the past years, including the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organism levels. Furthermore, biolasers have been utilized and explored for broad applications in biosensing, labeling, tracking, bioimaging, and biomedical development due to a number of unique advantages. Finally, we provide the possible directions of biolasers and their applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.S.); (H.D.)
| | - Hailang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.S.); (H.D.)
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.S.); (H.D.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
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5
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Prasetyanto EA, Wasisto HS, Septiadi D. Cellular lasers for cell imaging and biosensing. Acta Biomater 2022; 143:39-51. [PMID: 35314365 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The possibility to produce laser action involving biomaterials, in particular (single) biological cells, has fostered the development of cellular lasers as a novel approach in biophotonics. In this respect, cells that are engineered to carry gain medium (e.g., fluorescent dyes or proteins) are placed inside an optical cavity (i.e., typically a sandwich of highly reflective mirrors), allowing the generation of stimulated emission upon sufficient optical pumping. In another scenario, micron-sized optical resonators supporting whispering-gallery mode (WGM) or semiconductor-based laser probes can be internalized by the cells and support light amplification. This review summarizes the recent advances in the fields of biolasers and cellular lasers, and most importantly, highlights their potential applications in the fields of in vitro and in vivo cell imaging and analysis. They include biosensing (e.g., in vitro detection of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration), cancer cell imaging, laser-emission-based microscope, cell tracking, cell distinction study, and tissue contraction monitoring in zebrafish. Lastly, several fundamental issues in developing cellular lasers including laser probe fabrication, biocompatibility of the system, and alteration of local refractive index of optical cavities due to protein absorption or probe aggregation are described. Cellular lasers are foreseen as a promising tool to study numerous biological and biophysical phenomena. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biolasers are generation of laser involving biological materials. Biomaterials, including single cells, can be engineered to incorporate laser probes or fluorescent proteins or fluorophores, and the resulting light emission can be coupled to optical resonator, allowing generation of cellular laser emission upon optical pumping. Unlike fluorescence, this stimulated emission is very sensitive and is capable of detecting small alterations in the optical property of the cells and their environment. In this review, recent development and applications of cellular lasers in the fields of in vitro and in vivo cell imaging, cell tracking, biosensing, and cell/tissue analysis are highlighted. Several challenges in developing cellular lasers including probe fabrication and biocompatibility as well as alteration of cellular environment are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eko Adi Prasetyanto
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University, Jl. Pluit Raya 2, Jakarta 14440, Indonesia
| | | | - Dedy Septiadi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland.
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6
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Chen D, Zhang X, Zhu L, Liu C, Li Z. All on size-coded single bead set: a modular enrich-amplify-amplify strategy for attomolar level multi-immunoassay. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3501-3506. [PMID: 35432875 PMCID: PMC8943839 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07048g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasensitive protein analysis is of great significance for early diagnosis and biological studies. The core challenge is that many critical protein markers at extremely low aM to fM levels are difficult to accurately quantify because the target-induced weak signal may be easily masked by the surrounding background. Hence, we propose herein an ultrasensitive immunoassay based on a modular Single Bead Enrich-Amplify-Amplify (SBEAA) strategy. The highly efficient enrichment of targets on only a single bead (enrich) could confine the target-responsive signal output within a limited tiny space. Furthermore, a cascade tyramide signal amplification design enables remarkable in situ signal enhancement just affixed to the target. As a result, the efficient but space-confined fluorescence deposition on a single bead will significantly exceed the background and provide a wide dynamic range. Importantly, the SBEAA system can be modularly combined to meet different levels of clinical need regarding the detection sensitivity from aM to nM. Finally, a size-coded SBEAA set (SC-SBEAA) is also designed that allows ultrasensitive multi-immunoassay for rare samples in a single tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 Shaanxi Province P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 Shaanxi Province P. R. China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 Shaanxi Province P. R. China
| | - Chenghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 Shaanxi Province P. R. China
| | - Zhengping Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 Shaanxi Province P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District Beijing 100083 P. R. China
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7
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Zhang B, Wang X, Cheng Y. Photochromic immunoassay for tumor marker detection based on ZnO/AgI nanophotocatalyst. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:77. [PMID: 35091865 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
A photochromic immunoassay was built for tumor marker detection based on ZnO/AgI nanophotocatalyst. Frist, ZnO/AgI nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The color development is caused by tetramethyl benzidine (TMB) solution oxidated by ZnO/AgI nanomaterials. The electron transitions in ZnO/AgI nanomaterials are driven by visible light irradiation, generating photogenerated hole and oxidizing TMB to blue solution. Appropriate band width between ZnO and AgI promotes separation of photogenerated electrons and holes and enhances oxidation efficiency. A sandwich-type immunoassay was constructed based on ZnO/AgI nanomaterial as labels. The absorbance at 650 nm of reaction solution is positively correlated with antigen concentration. The developed immunoassay showed good performance for carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA) detection in the range 0.1-7.0 ng/mL with a detection limit of 65 pg/mL. The photochromic immunoassay also exhibited preferable selectivity, repeatability, and stability. A novel colorimetric immunoassay was constructed based on ZnO/AgI photocatalyst. ZnO/AgI nanomaterials occur electron transitions under visible light irradiation and generate photogenerated hole, which can oxidize TMB to blue solution. Carcinoembryonic antigen in sample was detected sensitively due to the high catalytic efficiency of ZnO/AgI nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China. .,Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
| | - Xue Wang
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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8
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Sharafeldin M, James T, Davis JJ. Open Circuit Potential as a Tool for the Assessment of Binding Kinetics and Reagentless Protein Quantitation. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14748-14754. [PMID: 34699180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic open circuit potential label-free protein assay was developed for the reagentless quantification of C-reactive protein (CRP), a model protein target, and further utilized to assess target-receptor binding kinetics. Generated sensors have very high baseline stabilities (<1% change in 100 min) and high levels of selectivity in complex media. Real-time assays are fast (<20 min), of high sensitivity (1 ng/mL limit of detection for CRP in serum), and resolve kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics that correlate well with those resolved optically. The assay shows excellent correlation with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of patient samples. The methodology has value in potentially underpinning a low-cost, rapid, and sensitive single-step biomarker quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sharafeldin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Timothy James
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, U.K
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
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9
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Wu J, Dai B, Li Z, Pan T, Zhang D, Lin F. Emerging optofluidic technologies for biodiagnostic applications. VIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Wu
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Bo Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Zhenqing Li
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Tingrui Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California Davis California USA
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
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10
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Shi Y, Ye P, Yang K, Meng J, Guo J, Pan Z, Bayin Q, Zhao W. Application of Microfluidics in Immunoassay: Recent Advancements. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:2959843. [PMID: 34326976 PMCID: PMC8302407 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2959843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, point-of-care testing has played an important role in immunoassay, biochemical analysis, and molecular diagnosis, especially in low-resource settings. Among various point-of-care-testing platforms, microfluidic chips have many outstanding advantages. Microfluidic chip applies the technology of miniaturizing conventional laboratory which enables the whole biochemical process including reagent loading, reaction, separation, and detection on the microchip. As a result, microfluidic platform has become a hotspot of research in the fields of food safety, health care, and environmental monitoring in the past few decades. Here, the state-of-the-art application of microfluidics in immunoassay in the past decade will be reviewed. According to different driving forces of fluid, microfluidic platform is divided into two parts: passive manipulation and active manipulation. In passive manipulation, we focus on the capillary-driven microfluidics, while in active manipulation, we introduce pressure microfluidics, centrifugal microfluidics, electric microfluidics, optofluidics, magnetic microfluidics, and digital microfluidics. Additionally, within the introduction of each platform, innovation of the methods used and their corresponding performance improvement will be discussed. Ultimately, the shortcomings of different platforms and approaches for improvement will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Shi
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Peng Ye
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Kuojun Yang
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jie Meng
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jiuchuan Guo
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Zhixiang Pan
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Qiaoge Bayin
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Wenhao Zhao
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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11
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Pan T, Lu D, Xin H, Li B. Biophotonic probes for bio-detection and imaging. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:124. [PMID: 34108445 PMCID: PMC8190087 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of biophotonics and biomedical sciences makes a high demand on photonic structures to be interfaced with biological systems that are capable of manipulating light at small scales for sensitive detection of biological signals and precise imaging of cellular structures. However, conventional photonic structures based on artificial materials (either inorganic or toxic organic) inevitably show incompatibility and invasiveness when interfacing with biological systems. The design of biophotonic probes from the abundant natural materials, particularly biological entities such as virus, cells and tissues, with the capability of multifunctional light manipulation at target sites greatly increases the biocompatibility and minimizes the invasiveness to biological microenvironment. In this review, advances in biophotonic probes for bio-detection and imaging are reviewed. We emphatically and systematically describe biological entities-based photonic probes that offer appropriate optical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability with different optical functions from light generation, to light transportation and light modulation. Three representative biophotonic probes, i.e., biological lasers, cell-based biophotonic waveguides and bio-microlenses, are reviewed with applications for bio-detection and imaging. Finally, perspectives on future opportunities and potential improvements of biophotonic probes are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Pan
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Dengyun Lu
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Hongbao Xin
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| | - Baojun Li
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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12
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Yang X, Gong C, Wang Y, Luo Y, Rao YJ, Peng GD, Gong Y. A sequentially bioconjugated optofluidic laser for wash-out-free and rapid biomolecular detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1686-1693. [PMID: 33949394 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01332c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microstructures can improve both sensitivity and assay time in heterogeneous assays (such as ELISA) for biochemical analysis; however, it remains a challenge to perform the essential wash process in those microstructure-based heterogeneous assays. Here, we propose a sequential bioconjugation protocol to solve this problem and demonstrate a new type of fiber optofluidic laser for biosensing. Except for acting as an optical microresonator and a microstructured substrate, the miniaturized hollow optical fiber (HOF) is used as a microfluidic channel for storing and transferring reagents thanks to its capability in length extension. Through the capillary action, different reagents were sequentially withdrawn into the fiber for specific binding and washing purposes. By using the sequentially bioconjugated FOFL, avidin molecules are detected based on competitive binding with a limit of detection of 9.5 pM, ranging from 10 pM to 100 nM. It is demonstrated that a short incubation time of 10 min is good enough to allow the biomolecules to conjugate on the inner surface of the HOF. Owing to its miniaturized size, only 589 nL of liquid is required for incubation, which reduces the sample consumption and cost for each test. This work provides a tool to exploit the potential of microstructured optical fibers in high-performance biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731 China.
| | - Chaoyang Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore, 639798 Singapore
| | - Yanqiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731 China.
| | - Yanhua Luo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yun-Jiang Rao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731 China. and Research Center for Optical Fiber Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Gang-Ding Peng
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731 China.
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13
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Pinto IF, Soares RRG, Mäkinen MEL, Chotteau V, Russom A. Multiplexed Microfluidic Cartridge for At-Line Protein Monitoring in Mammalian Cell Culture Processes for Biopharmaceutical Production. ACS Sens 2021; 6:842-851. [PMID: 33724791 PMCID: PMC8034812 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
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The biopharmaceutical
market has been rapidly growing in recent
years, creating a highly competitive arena where R&D is critical
to strike a balance between clinical safety and profitability. Toward
process optimization, the recent development and adoption of new process
analytical technologies (PAT) highlight the dynamic complexity of
mammalian/human cell culture processes, as well as the importance
of fine-tuning and modeling key metabolites and proteins. In this
context, simple, rapid, and cost-effective devices allowing routine
at-line monitoring of specific proteins during process development
and production are currently lacking. Here, we report the development
of a versatile microfluidic protein analysis cartridge allowing the
multiplexed bead-based immunodetection of specific proteins directly
from complex mixtures with minimal hands-on time. Colorimetric quantification
of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) host cell proteins as key impurities,
monoclonal antibodies as target biopharmaceuticals, and lactate dehydrogenase
as a marker of cell viability was achieved with limits of detection
in the 1–10 ng/mL range and analysis times as short as 30 min.
The device was further demonstrated for the monitoring of a Rituximab-producing
CHO cell bioreactor over the course of 8 days, providing comparable
recoveries to standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.
The high sensitivity combined with robustness to matrix interference
highlights the potential of the device to perform at-line measurements
spanning from the bioreactor to the downstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês F. Pinto
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, 171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ruben R. G. Soares
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, 171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Meeri E.-L. Mäkinen
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- AdBIOPRO, Competence Centre for Advanced BioProduction by Continuous Processing, KTH, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronique Chotteau
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- AdBIOPRO, Competence Centre for Advanced BioProduction by Continuous Processing, KTH, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aman Russom
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, 171 21 Solna, Sweden
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Toropov N, Cabello G, Serrano MP, Gutha RR, Rafti M, Vollmer F. Review of biosensing with whispering-gallery mode lasers. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:42. [PMID: 33637696 PMCID: PMC7910454 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lasers are the pillars of modern optics and sensing. Microlasers based on whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) are miniature in size and have excellent lasing characteristics suitable for biosensing. WGM lasers have been used for label-free detection of single virus particles, detection of molecular electrostatic changes at biointerfaces, and barcode-type live-cell tagging and tracking. The most recent advances in biosensing with WGM microlasers are described in this review. We cover the basic concepts of WGM resonators, the integration of gain media into various active WGM sensors and devices, and the cutting-edge advances in photonic devices for micro- and nanoprobing of biological samples that can be integrated with WGM lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Toropov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Gema Cabello
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Mariana P Serrano
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Rithvik R Gutha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Matías Rafti
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Frank Vollmer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
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15
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Liu F, Chen R, Song W, Li L, Lei C, Nie Z. Modular Combination of Proteolysis-Responsive Transcription and Spherical Nucleic Acids for Smartphone-Based Colorimetric Detection of Protease Biomarkers. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3517-3525. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Wenlu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Liangwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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16
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Yuan Z, Tan X, Gong X, Gong C, Cheng X, Feng S, Fan X, Chen YC. Bioresponsive microlasers with tunable lasing wavelength. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1608-1615. [PMID: 33439198 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07921a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lasing particles are emerging tools for amplifying light-matter interactions at the biointerface by exploiting its strong intensity and miniaturized size. Recent advances in implementing laser particles into living cells and tissues have opened a new frontier in biological imaging, monitoring, and tracking. Despite remarkable progress in micro- and nanolasers, lasing particles with surface functionality remain challenging due to the low mode-volume while maintaining a high Q-factor. Herein, we report the novel concept of bioresponsive microlasers by exploiting interfacial energy transfer based on whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microdroplet cavities. Lasing wavelengths were manipulated by energy transfer-induced changes of a gain spectrum resulting from the binding molecular concentrations at the cavity surface. Both protein-based and enzymatic-based interactions were demonstrated, shedding light on the development of functional microlasers. Finally, tunable lasing wavelengths over a broad spectral range were achieved by selecting different donor/acceptor pairs. This study not only opens new avenues for biodetection, but also provides deep insights into how molecules modulate laser light at the biointerface, laying the foundation for the development of smart bio-photonic devices at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Yuan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
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17
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Dai B, Yin C, Wu J, Li W, Zheng L, Lin F, Han X, Fu Y, Zhang D, Zhuang S. A flux-adaptable pump-free microfluidics-based self-contained platform for multiplex cancer biomarker detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:143-153. [PMID: 33185235 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00944j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics drives technological advancement in point-of-care (POC) bioanalytical diagnostics towards portability, fast response and low cost. In most microfluidic bioanalytical applications, flowing antigen/antibody reacts with immobilized antibody/antigen at a constant flux; it is difficult to reach a compromise to simultaneously realize sufficient time for the antigen-antibody interaction and short time for the entire assay. Here, we present a pump-free microfluidic chip, in which flow is self-initialized by capillary pumping and continued by imbibition of a filter paper. Microfluidic units in teardrop shape ensure that flow passes through the reaction areas at a reduced flux to facilitate the association between antigen and antibody and speeds up after the reaction areas. By spotting different antibodies into the reaction area, four types of biomarkers can be measured simultaneously in one microfluidic chip. Moreover, a small-sized instrument was developed for chemiluminescence detection and signal analysis. The system was validated by testing four biomarkers of colorectal cancer using plasma samples from patients. The assay took about 20 minutes. The limit of detection is 0.89 ng mL-1, 1.72 ng mL-1, 3.62 U mL-1 and 1.05 U mL-1 for the assays of carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, carbohydrate antigen 125 and carbohydrate antigen 19-9, respectively. This flux-adaptable and self-contained microfluidic platform is expected to be useful in various POC disease-monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
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18
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Rodriguez RS, O'Keefe TL, Froehlich C, Lewis RE, Sheldon TR, Haynes CL. Sensing Food Contaminants: Advances in Analytical Methods and Techniques. Anal Chem 2020; 93:23-40. [PMID: 33147958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca S Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Tana L O'Keefe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Clarice Froehlich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Riley E Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Trever R Sheldon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christy L Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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19
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Ouyang X, Liu T, Zhang Y, He J, He Z, Zhang AP, Tam HY. Ultrasensitive optofluidic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by on-chip integrated polymer whispering-gallery-mode microlaser sensors. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2438-2446. [PMID: 32484485 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00240b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microcavities offer great promise in ultrasensitive biosensors because of their unique ability to enable resonant recirculation of light to achieve strong light-matter interactions in microscale volumes. However, it remains a challenge to develop cost-effective, high-performance WGM microcavity-based biosensing devices for practical disease diagnosis applications. In this paper, we present an optofluidic chip that is integrated with directly-printed, high-quality-factor (Q) polymer WGM microlaser sensors for ultrasensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Optical 3D μ-printing technology based on maskless ultraviolet lithography is developed to rapidly fabricate high-Q suspended-disk WGM microcavities. After deposition with a thin layer of optical gain material, low-threshold WGM microlasers are fabricated and then integrated together with optical fibres upon a microfluidic chip to achieve an optofluidic device. With flexible microfluidic technology, on-chip, integrated, WGM microlasers are further modified in situ with biomolecules on surface for highly selective biomarker detection. It is demonstrated that such an optofluidic biochip can measure horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-streptavidin, which is a widely used catalytic molecule in ELISA, via chromogenic reaction at the concentration level of 0.3 ng mL-1. Moreover, it enables on-chip optofluidic ELISA of the disease biomarker vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at the extremely low concentration level of 17.8 fg mL-1, which is over 2 orders of magnitude better than the ability of current commercial ELISA kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ouyang
- Photonics Research Centre, Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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