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Pelegrini LNDC, da Silva VA, Grigoli MM, Vatanabe IP, Manzine PR, Cominetti MR. Plasma ADAM10 Levels and Their Association with Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis in Older Adults with Fewer Years of Formal Education. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2024; 53:153-161. [PMID: 38583419 DOI: 10.1159/000538630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low educational attainment is a potential risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. Alpha-secretase ADAM10 plays a central role in AD pathology, attenuating the formation of beta-amyloid peptides and, therefore, their aggregation into senile plaques. This study seeks to investigate ADAM10 as a blood-based biomarker in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD in a diverse group of community-dwelling older adults, focusing on those with limited educational attainment. METHODS Participants were recruited from public health services. Cognition was evaluated using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination - Revised (ACE-R) batteries. Blood samples were collected to analyze plasma ADAM10 levels. A logistic regression was conducted to verify the influence of plasma ADAM10 on the AD diagnosis. RESULTS Significant differences in age, years of education, prescribed medications, and cognitive test scores were found between the MCI and AD groups. Regarding cognitive performance, both ACE-R and MMSE scores displayed significant differences between groups, with post hoc analyses highlighting these distinctions, particularly between AD and cognitively unimpaired individuals. Elevated plasma ADAM10 levels were associated with a 4.5-fold increase in the likelihood of a diagnosis of MCI and a 5.9-fold increase in the likelihood of a diagnosis of AD. These findings suggest ADAM10 levels in plasma as a valuable biomarker for assessing cognitive status in older individuals with low education attainment. CONCLUSION This study underscores the potential utility of plasma ADAM10 levels as a blood-based biomarker for cognitive status, especially in individuals with low educational backgrounds, shedding light on their relevance in AD development and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Izabela Pereira Vatanabe
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Regina Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil,
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,
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Oliveira Monteiro E Pereira de Almeida MP, Valle Pedroso R, Mantellatto Grigoli M, Vicente Silva T, Manzine PR, Cominetti MR. ADAM10 as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2024; 180:1-11. [PMID: 37460331 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) is the main α-secretase in the non-amyloidogenic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), avoiding the production of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE To investigate ADAM10 from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma/serum as a potential biomarker for AD. METHODS A systematic review was carried out in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases using the terms and Boolean operators: "Alzheimer" AND "ADAM10" AND "biomarker". Citation searching was also adopted. The inclusion criteria were original studies of ADAM10 in blood or CSF in patients with AD. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. The analysis methods were registered in the PROSPERO database (#CRD42021274239). RESULTS Of the 97 records screened, 17 were included. There is strong evidence for lower levels of ADAM10 in platelets of persons with AD compared to cognitively healthy participants. On the other hand, higher levels of ADAM10 were found in plasma. Regarding CSF, controversial results were found with lower and higher levels of ADAM10 in persons with AD compared to healthy older adults. The differences may be due to diverse reasons, including different sample collection and processing and different antibodies, highlighting the importance of standardizing the experiments and choosing the appropriate antibodies for ADAM10 detection. CONCLUSION Evidence shows that ADAM10 levels are altered in platelets, plasma, serum, and CSF of individuals with AD. The alteration was evident in all stages of the disease, and therefore, the protein may represent a complementary biomarker for the disease. However, more studies must be performed to establish cut-off values for ADAM10 levels to discriminate AD participants from cognitively unimpaired older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Valle Pedroso
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos. Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - M Mantellatto Grigoli
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos. Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - T Vicente Silva
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos. Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - P R Manzine
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos. Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - M R Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos. Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Global Brain Health Institute, Dublin, Ireland.
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3
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Li L, Lei T, Xing C, Du H. Advances in microfluidic chips targeting toxic aggregation proteins for neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128308. [PMID: 37992921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by nervous system damage, often influenced by genetic and aging factors. Pathological analysis frequently reveals the presence of aggregated toxic proteins. The intricate and poorly understood origins of these diseases have hindered progress in early diagnosis and drug development. The development of novel in-vitro and in-vivo models could enhance our comprehension of ND mechanisms and facilitate clinical treatment advancements. Microfluidic chips are employed to establish three-dimensional culture conditions, replicating the human ecological niche and creating a microenvironment conducive to neuronal cell survival. The incorporation of mechatronic controls unifies the chip, cells, and culture medium optimizing living conditions for the cells. This study provides a comprehensive overview of microfluidic chip applications in drug and biomarker screening for neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Our Lab-on-a-Chip system releases toxic proteins to simulate the pathological characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases, encompassing β-amyloid, α-synuclein, huntingtin, TAR DNA-binding protein 43, and Myelin Basic Protein. Investigating molecular and cellular interactions in vitro can enhance our understanding of disease mechanisms while minimizing harmful protein levels and can aid in screening potential therapeutic agents. We anticipate that our research will promote the utilization of microfluidic chips in both fundamental research and clinical applications for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tong Lei
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cencan Xing
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hongwu Du
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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4
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de Oliveira TR, Manzine PR, Cominetti MR, Leite OD, Faria RC. Electrochemical magneto-immunoassay for detection of ADAM10 Alzheimer's biomarker using gold nanoparticles as label. Talanta 2024; 266:125042. [PMID: 37591151 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative and progressive illness with no known cure, is the most frequent cause of dementia in older adults. Dementia in AD is usually preceded by a stage of cognitive decline known as mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MCI has gained attention as an ideal target for prevention and early interventions, considering its reversible characteristic. Here, we propose a magneto-immunoassay based on a low-cost screen-printed electrode for detecting soluble ADAM10 in plasma samples, a potential biomarker for early AD diagnosis. We present a sandwich immunoassay using magnetic beads modified with antibodies to capture ADAM10 from plasma samples and using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as an electrochemical label. The assay was designed to accurately detect ADAM10 in diluted plasma with a limit of detection (LoD) of 32.5 pg/mL and a dynamic linear range of 10.0-1000.0 pg/mL. Twenty-three plasma samples from the elderly, including patients with AD, MCI, and healthy subjects (negative control), were analyzed by the magneto-immunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the ADAM10 levels correlated. This work shows the potential of this protein as a biomarker in the early diagnosis and progression of AD and provides an interesting disposable device with capabilities for applications as point-of-care (PoC) to measure ADAM10 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tássia R de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Patricia R Manzine
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Márcia R Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Oldair D Leite
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Medianeira, PR, 85884-000, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo C Faria
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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5
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Lee S, Kim E, Moon CE, Park C, Lim JW, Baek M, Shin MK, Ki J, Cho H, Ji YW, Haam S. Amplified fluorogenic immunoassay for early diagnosis and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease from tear fluid. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8153. [PMID: 38071202 PMCID: PMC10710446 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in its earliest stage can prevent the disease and delay the symptoms. Therefore, more sensitive, non-invasive, and simple screening tools are required for the early diagnosis and monitoring of AD. Here, we design a self-assembled nanoparticle-mediated amplified fluorogenic immunoassay (SNAFIA) consisting of magnetic and fluorophore-loaded polymeric nanoparticles. Using a discovery cohort of 21 subjects, proteomic analysis identifies adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) as a potential tear biomarker. The SNAFIA demonstrates a low detection limit (236 aM), good reliability (R2 = 0.991), and a wide analytical range (0.320-1000 fM) for CAP1 in tear fluid. Crucially, in the verification phase with 39 subjects, SNAFIA discriminates AD patients from healthy controls with 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity in under an hour. Utilizing tear fluid as a liquid biopsy, SNAFIA could potentially aid in long-term care planning, improve clinical trial efficiency, and accelerate therapeutic development for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojeong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioengineering & Nano-bioengineering, Research Center for Bio Materials and Process Development, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Eun Moon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, 16995, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaewon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Baek
- Department of Neurology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Kwang Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Ki
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Cho
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Woo Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, 16995, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungjoo Haam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Pishbin E, Sadri F, Dehghan A, Kiani MJ, Hashemi N, Zare I, Mousavi P, Rahi A. Recent advances in isolation and detection of exosomal microRNAs related to Alzheimer's disease. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115705. [PMID: 36958383 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, a progressive neurological condition, is associated with various internal and external risk factors in the disease's early stages. Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is essential for treatment management. Circulating exosomal microRNAs could be a new class of valuable biomarkers for early Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. Different kinds of biosensors have been introduced in recent years for the detection of these valuable biomarkers. Isolation of the exosomes is a crucial step in the detection process which is traditionally carried out by multi-step ultrafiltration. Microfluidics has improved the efficiency and costs of exosome isolation by implementing various effects and forces on the nano and microparticles in the microchannels. This paper reviews recent advancements in detecting Alzheimer's disease related exosomal microRNAs based on methods such as electrochemical, fluorescent, and SPR. The presented devices' pros and cons and their efficiencies compared with the gold standard methods are reported. Moreover, the application of microfluidic devices to detect Alzheimer's disease related biomarkers is summarized and presented. Finally, some challenges with the performance of novel technologies for isolating and detecting exosomal microRNAs are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail Pishbin
- Bio-microfluidics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Amin Dehghan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Kiani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Hashemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Zare
- Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies Co. Ltd., Shiraz 7178795844, Iran
| | - Pegah Mousavi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Amid Rahi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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7
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SARS-CoV-2 detection enabled by a portable and label-free photoelectrochemical genosensor using graphitic carbon nitride and gold nanoparticles. Electrochim Acta 2023; 451:142271. [PMID: 36974119 PMCID: PMC10024957 DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Fast, sensitive, simple, and cheap sensors are highly desirable to be applied in the health system because they improve point-of-care diagnostics, which can reduce the number of cases of infection or even deaths. In this context, here we report the development of a label-free genosensor using a screen-printed electrode modified with 2D-carbonylated graphitic carbon nitride (c-g-C3N4), poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDDA), and glutathione-protected gold nanoparticles (GSH-AuNPs) for photoelectrochemical (PEC) detection of SARS-CoV-2. We also made use of Arduino and 3D printing to miniaturize the sensor device. The electrode surface was characterized by AFM and SEM techniques, and the gold nanoparticles by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. For SARS-CoV-2 detection, capture probe DNA was immobilized on the electrode surface. The hybridization of the final genosensor was tested with a synthetic single-strand DNA target and with natural saliva samples using the photoelectrochemistry method. The device presented a linear range from 1 to 10,000 fmol L−1 and a limit of detection of 2.2 and 3.4 fmol L−1 using cpDNA 1A and 3A respectively. The sensibility and accuracy found for the genosensor using cpDNA 1A using biological samples were 93.3 and 80% respectively, indicating the potential of the label-free and portable genosensor to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in saliva samples.
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8
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Electrochemical magneto-immunoassay for detection of zika virus antibody in human serum. Talanta 2023; 256:124277. [PMID: 36738622 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus transmitted by infected Aedes genus mosquitoes. An infected person may be asymptomatic or present symptoms such as fever, arthralgia, and in pregnancy it may lead to neurological disorders in the fetus, such as microcephaly. Based on the high dissemination potential of ZIVK and its similar antigen composition to other arboviruses, new approaches for selective virus detection are urgently needed. This work reports the development of an electrochemical immunoassay for detection of anti-ZIKV antibodies, using magnetic beads functionalized with recombinant protein derived from the non-structural protein 1 (ΔNS1-ZIKV) and anti-IgG antibodies labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme. The magneto-immunoassay uses disposable microfluidic devices for detection of anti-ZIKV in serum samples. A linear response was obtained for a wide concentration range from 0.01 to 9.80 × 105 pg mL-1 (r2 = 0.982), with a limit of detection of 0.48 pg mL-1. The proposed immunoassay proved to be highly efficient for the detection of anti-ZIKV antibodies in serum, offering promising perspectives for the development of fast, simple, and affordable point-of-care diagnosis devices for ZIKV.
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9
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Biosensor integrated brain-on-a-chip platforms: Progress and prospects in clinical translation. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 225:115100. [PMID: 36709589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Because of the brain's complexity, developing effective treatments for neurological disorders is a formidable challenge. Research efforts to this end are advancing as in vitro systems have reached the point that they can imitate critical components of the brain's structure and function. Brain-on-a-chip (BoC) was first used for microfluidics-based systems with small synthetic tissues but has expanded recently to include in vitro simulation of the central nervous system (CNS). Defining the system's qualifying parameters may improve the BoC for the next generation of in vitro platforms. These parameters show how well a given platform solves the problems unique to in vitro CNS modeling (like recreating the brain's microenvironment and including essential parts like the blood-brain barrier (BBB)) and how much more value it offers than traditional cell culture systems. This review provides an overview of the practical concerns of creating and deploying BoC systems and elaborates on how these technologies might be used. Not only how advanced biosensing technologies could be integrated with BoC system but also how novel approaches will automate assays and improve point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics and accurate quantitative analyses are discussed. Key challenges providing opportunities for clinical translation of BoC in neurodegenerative disorders are also addressed.
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10
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Microfluidic-based blood immunoassays. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 228:115313. [PMID: 36868029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics enables the integration of whole protocols performed in a laboratory, including sample loading, reaction, extraction, and measurement steps on a single system, which offers significant advantages thanks to small-scale operation combined with precise fluid control. These include providing efficient transportation mechanisms and immobilization, reduced sample and reagent volumes, fast analysis and response times, lower power requirements, lower cost and disposability, improved portability and sensitivity, and greater integration and automation capability. Immunoassay is a specific bioanalytical method based on the interaction of antigens and antibodies, which is utilized to detect bacteria, viruses, proteins, and small molecules in several areas such as biopharmaceutical analysis, environmental analysis, food safety, and clinical diagnostics. Because of the advantages of both techniques, the combination of immunoassays and microfluidic technology is considered one of the most potential biosensor systems for blood samples. This review presents the current progress and important developments in microfluidic-based blood immunoassays. After providing several basic information about blood analysis, immunoassays, and microfluidics, the review points out in-depth information about microfluidic platforms, detection techniques, and commercial microfluidic blood immunoassay platforms. In conclusion, some thoughts and future perspectives are provided.
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Hernández-Rodríguez JF, López MÁ, Rojas D, Escarpa A. Digital manufacturing for accelerating organ-on-a-chip dissemination and electrochemical biosensing integration. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4805-4821. [PMID: 36342332 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00499b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organ on-a-chip (OoC) is a promising technology that aims to recapitulate human body pathophysiology in a more precise way to advance in drug development and complex disease understanding. However, the presence of OoC in biological laboratories is still limited and mainly restricted to laboratories with access to cleanroom facilities. Besides, the current analytical methods employed to extract information from the organ models are endpoint and post facto assays which makes it difficult to ensure that during the biological experiment the cell microenvironment, cellular functionality and behaviour are controlled. Hence, the integration of real-time biosensors is highly needed and requested by the OoC end-user community to provide insight into organ function and responses to stimuli. In this context, electrochemical sensors stand out due to their advantageous features like miniaturization capabilities, ease of use, automatization and high sensitivity and selectivity. Electrochemical sensors have been already successfully miniaturized and employed in other fields such as wearables and point-of-care devices. We have identified that the explanation for this issue may be, to a large extent, the accessibility to microfabrication technologies. These fields employ preferably digital manufacturing (DM), which is a more accessible microfabrication approach regardless of funding and facilities. Therefore, we envision that a paradigm shift in microfabrication that adopts DM instead of the dominating soft lithography for the in-lab microfabrication of OoC devices will contribute to the dissemination of the field and integration of the promising real-time sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Hernández-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel López
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
- Chemical Engineering and Chemical Research Institute "Andres M. Del Río", University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Rojas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
- Chemical Engineering and Chemical Research Institute "Andres M. Del Río", University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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Chavez‐Pineda OG, Rodriguez‐Moncayo R, Cedillo‐Alcantar DF, Guevara‐Pantoja PE, Amador‐Hernandez JU, Garcia‐Cordero JL. Microfluidic systems for the analysis of blood‐derived molecular biomarkers. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1667-1700. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oriana G. Chavez‐Pineda
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB) Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav) Monterrey Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Roberto Rodriguez‐Moncayo
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB) Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav) Monterrey Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Diana F. Cedillo‐Alcantar
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB) Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav) Monterrey Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Pablo E. Guevara‐Pantoja
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB) Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav) Monterrey Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Josue U. Amador‐Hernandez
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB) Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav) Monterrey Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Jose L. Garcia‐Cordero
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB) Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav) Monterrey Nuevo León Mexico
- Roche Institute for Translational Bioengineering (ITB) Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel Basel Switzerland
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Hawksworth J, Fernández E, Gevaert K. A new generation of AD biomarkers: 2019 to 2021. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101654. [PMID: 35636691 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and cases are rising worldwide. The effort to fight this disease is hampered by a lack of disease-modifying treatments and the absence of an early, accurate diagnostic tool. Neuropathology begins years or decades before symptoms occur and, upon onset of symptoms, diagnosis can take a year or more. Such delays postpone treatment and make research into the early stages of the disease difficult. Ideally, clinicians require a minimally invasive test that can detect AD in its early stages, before cognitive symptoms occur. Advances in proteomic technologies have facilitated the study of promising biomarkers of AD. Over the last two years (2019-2021) studies have identified and validated many species which can be measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, or in both fluids, and which have a high predictive value for AD. We herein discuss proteins which have been highlighted as promising biomarkers of AD in the last two years, and consider implications for future research within the research framework of the amyloid (A), tau (T), neurodegeneration (N) scoring system. We review recently identified species of amyloid and tau which may improve diagnosis when used in combination with current measures such as amyloid-beta-42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau). In addition, several proteins have been identified as likely proxies for neurodegeneration, including neurofilament light (NfL), synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) and neurogranin (NRGN). Finally, proteins originating from diverse processes such as neuroinflammation, lipid transport and mitochondrial dysfunction could aid in both AD diagnosis and patient stratification.
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14
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Nix C, Ghassemi M, Crommen J, Fillet M. Overview on microfluidics devices for monitoring brain disorder biomarkers. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Monteiro JC, Yokomichi ALY, de Carvalho Bovolato AL, Schelp AO, Ribeiro SJL, Deffune E, Moraes MLD. Alzheimer's disease diagnosis based on detection of autoantibodies against Aβ using Aβ40 peptide in liposomes. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 531:223-229. [PMID: 35447142 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and affect more than 50 million people worldwide. Thus, there is a high demand by non-invasive methods for an early diagnosis. This work explores the AD diagnostic using the amyloid beta 1-40 (Aβ40) peptide encapsulated into dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl glycerol (DPPG) liposomes and immobilized on polyethylene imine previously deposited on screen-printed carbon electrodes to detect autoantibodies against Aβ40, a potential biomarker found in plasma samples. METHODS The immunosensor assembly was accompanied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) images that showed globular aggregates from 20 to 200 nm corresponding liposomes and by cyclic voltammetry (CV) through increase of the voltammogram area each material deposited. After building the immunosensor, when it was exposed to antibody anti-Aβ40, there was an increase in film roughness of approximately 9 nm, indicating the formation of the immunocomplex. RESULTS In the detection by CV, the presence of specific antibody, in the range of 0.1 to 10 μg/ml, resulted in an increase in the voltammograms area and current in 0.45 V reaching 3.2 µA.V and 5.7 μA, respectively, in comparison with the control system, which remained almost unchanged from 0.1 μg/ml. In patient samples, both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, was possible separated among positive and negative samples for AD using CV profile and area, with a difference of 0.1 μA.V from the upper error bar of healthy samples for CSF sample and 0.6 μA.V for plasma sample. CONCLUSIONS These results showed the feasibility of the method employed for the non-invasive diagnostic of Alzheimer's disease detecting natural autoantibodies that circulate in plasma through a simple and easy-to-interpret method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio César Monteiro
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Anna Laura Yuri Yokomichi
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Arthur Oscar Schelp
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Hemocentro de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Elenice Deffune
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Hemocentro de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Marli Leite de Moraes
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
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16
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Álvarez-Sánchez L, Peña-Bautista C, Baquero M, Cháfer-Pericás C. Novel Ultrasensitive Detection Technologies for the Identification of Early and Minimally Invasive Alzheimer's Disease Blood Biomarkers. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1337-1369. [PMID: 35213367 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single molecule array (SIMOA) and other ultrasensitive detection technologies have allowed the determination of blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) for diagnosis and monitoring, thereby opening up a promising field of research. OBJECTIVE To review the published bibliography on plasma biomarkers in AD using new ultrasensitive techniques. METHODS A systematic review of the PubMed database was carried out to identify reports on the use of blood-based ultrasensitive technology to identify biomarkers for AD. RESULTS Based on this search, 86 works were included and classified according to the biomarker determined. First, plasma amyloid-β showed satisfactory accuracy as an AD biomarker in patients with a high risk of developing dementia. Second, plasma t-Tau displayed good sensitivity in detecting different neurodegenerative diseases. Third, plasma p-Tau was highly specific for AD. Fourth, plasma NfL was highly sensitive for distinguishing between patients with neurodegenerative diseases and healthy controls. In general, the simultaneous determination of several biomarkers facilitated greater accuracy in diagnosing AD (Aβ42/Aβ40, p-Tau181/217). CONCLUSION The recent development of ultrasensitive technology allows the determination of blood-based biomarkers with high sensitivity, thus facilitating the early detection of AD through the analysis of easily obtained biological samples. In short, as a result of this knowledge, pre-symptomatic and early AD diagnosis may be possible, and the recruitment process for future clinical trials could be more precise. However, further studies are necessary to standardize levels of blood-based biomarkers in the general population and thus achieve reproducible results among different laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Peña-Bautista
- Alzheimer Disease Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Baquero
- Division of Neurology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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17
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Wan J, Zhou S, Mea HJ, Guo Y, Ku H, Urbina BM. Emerging Roles of Microfluidics in Brain Research: From Cerebral Fluids Manipulation to Brain-on-a-Chip and Neuroelectronic Devices Engineering. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7142-7181. [PMID: 35080375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable progress made in the past few decades in brain research enables the manipulation of neuronal activity in single neurons and neural circuits and thus allows the decipherment of relations between nervous systems and behavior. The discovery of glymphatic and lymphatic systems in the brain and the recently unveiled tight relations between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS) further revolutionize our understanding of brain structures and functions. Fundamental questions about how neurons conduct two-way communications with the gut to establish the gut-brain axis (GBA) and interact with essential brain components such as glial cells and blood vessels to regulate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in health and disease, however, remain. Microfluidics with unparalleled advantages in the control of fluids at microscale has emerged recently as an effective approach to address these critical questions in brain research. The dynamics of cerebral fluids (i.e., blood and CSF) and novel in vitro brain-on-a-chip models and microfluidic-integrated multifunctional neuroelectronic devices, for example, have been investigated. This review starts with a critical discussion of the current understanding of several key topics in brain research such as neurovascular coupling (NVC), glymphatic pathway, and GBA and then interrogates a wide range of microfluidic-based approaches that have been developed or can be improved to advance our fundamental understanding of brain functions. Last, emerging technologies for structuring microfluidic devices and their implications and future directions in brain research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandi Wan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sitong Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hing Jii Mea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yaojun Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hansol Ku
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Brianna M Urbina
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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18
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Hao N, Wang Z, Liu P, Becker R, Yang S, Yang K, Pei Z, Zhang P, Xia J, Shen L, Wang L, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Sanders L, Lee LP, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic multimodal diagnostic system for Alzheimer's disease. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 196:113730. [PMID: 34736099 PMCID: PMC8643320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative brain disorder that affects tens of millions of older adults worldwide and has significant economic and societal impacts. Despite its prevalence and severity, early diagnosis of AD remains a considerable challenge. Here we report an integrated acoustofluidics-based diagnostic system (ADx), which combines triple functions of acoustics, microfluidics, and orthogonal biosensors for clinically accurate, sensitive, and rapid detection of AD biomarkers from human plasma. We design and fabricate a surface acoustic wave-based acoustofluidic separation device to isolate and purify AD biomarkers to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. Multimodal biosensors within the integrated ADx are fabricated by in-situ patterning of the ZnO nanorod array and deposition of Ag nanoparticles onto the ZnO nanorods for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and electrochemical immunosensors. We obtain the label-free detections of SERS and electrochemical immunoassay of clinical plasma samples from AD patients and healthy controls with high sensitivity and specificity. We believe that this efficient integration provides promising solutions for the early diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjing Hao
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Pengzhan Liu
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ryan Becker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Kaichun Yang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jianping Xia
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Liang Shen
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Ascent Bio-Nano Technologies, Inc., Morrisville, NC, 27560, USA
| | | | - Laurie Sanders
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Luke P Lee
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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19
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Prasanna P, Rathee S, Rahul V, Mandal D, Chandra Goud MS, Yadav P, Hawthorne S, Sharma A, Gupta PK, Ojha S, Jha NK, Villa C, Jha SK. Microfluidic Platforms to Unravel Mysteries of Alzheimer's Disease: How Far Have We Come? Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101022. [PMID: 34685393 PMCID: PMC8537508 DOI: 10.3390/life11101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a significant health concern with enormous social and economic impact globally. The gradual deterioration of cognitive functions and irreversible neuronal losses are primary features of the disease. Even after decades of research, most therapeutic options are merely symptomatic, and drugs in clinical practice present numerous side effects. Lack of effective diagnostic techniques prevents the early prognosis of disease, resulting in a gradual deterioration in the quality of life. Furthermore, the mechanism of cognitive impairment and AD pathophysiology is poorly understood. Microfluidics exploits different microscale properties of fluids to mimic environments on microfluidic chip-like devices. These miniature multichambered devices can be used to grow cells and 3D tissues in vitro, analyze cell-to-cell communication, decipher the roles of neural cells such as microglia, and gain insights into AD pathophysiology. This review focuses on the applications and impact of microfluidics on AD research. We discuss the technical challenges and possible solutions provided by this new cutting-edge technique to understand disease-associated pathways and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Prasanna
- School of Applied Sciences, KK University, Nalanda 803115, Bihar, India;
- Correspondence: or (P.P.); (S.K.J.)
| | - Shweta Rathee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat 131028, Haryana, India;
| | - Vedanabhatla Rahul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India;
| | - Debabrata Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844101, Bihar, India;
| | | | - Pardeep Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (P.Y.); (N.K.J.)
| | - Susan Hawthorne
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co., Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK;
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Science and Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (A.S.); (P.K.G.)
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Science and Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (A.S.); (P.K.G.)
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (P.Y.); (N.K.J.)
| | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (P.Y.); (N.K.J.)
- Correspondence: or (P.P.); (S.K.J.)
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20
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Park YD, Kinger M, Min C, Lee SY, Byun Y, Park JW, Jeon J. Synthesis and evaluation of curcumin-based near-infrared fluorescent probes for the in vivo optical imaging of amyloid-β plaques. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105167. [PMID: 34358800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal self-assembly of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides into oligomers, as well as insoluble fibrils, has been identified as a key factor for monitoring the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The noninvasive imaging of Aβ aggregates utilizing chemical probes can be a powerful and practical technique for accurately diagnosing and monitoring the progress of AD, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic drug candidates in treating or managing it. Particularly, the near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging of Aβ plaques is a potentially promising approach toward the efficient detection of the biomarker. In this study, we describe a new NIR fluorophore, which was based on curcumin derivatives. The fluorophore is equipped with desirable optical properties for in vivo brain imaging. The emission wavelength of the probe, 8b, is 667 nm, and its fluorescent intensity is significantly increased through binding with the Aβ aggregates. The probe allows the clear visualization of the Aβ plaques 10 min post administration, and the intensity of the fluorescent signal in the brain of a 5XFAD transgenic mouse model is more than three times higher than that of the normal control group. These results demonstrate that the designed probe can be an effective tool for visualizing Aβ plaques, as well as investigating the pathological progress of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Dae Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Mayank Kinger
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana 127021, India
| | - Changho Min
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeob Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Park
- BioActs Co., Ltd., Cheongneung-daero, Incheon 21666, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongho Jeon
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Abstract
Over the past decades, microfluidic devices based on many advanced techniques have aroused widespread attention in the fields of chemical, biological, and analytical applications. Integration of microdevices with a variety of chip designs will facilitate promising functionality. Notably, the combination of microfluidics with functional nanomaterials may provide creative ideas to achieve rapid and sensitive detection of various biospecies. In this review, focused on the microfluids and microdevices in terms of their fabrication, integration, and functions, we summarize the up-to-date developments in microfluidics-based analysis of biospecies, where biomarkers, small molecules, cells, and pathogens as representative biospecies have been explored in-depth. The promising applications of microfluidic biosensors including clinical diagnosis, food safety control, and environmental monitoring are also discussed. This review aims to highlight the importance of microfluidics-based biosensors in achieving high throughput, highly sensitive, and low-cost analysis and to promote microfluidics toward a wider range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Linlu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Ziyi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Chuanzhu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Feifei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
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22
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Karki HP, Jang Y, Jung J, Oh J. Advances in the development paradigm of biosample-based biosensors for early ultrasensitive detection of alzheimer's disease. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:72. [PMID: 33750392 PMCID: PMC7945670 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00814-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights current developments, challenges, and future directions for the use of invasive and noninvasive biosample-based small biosensors for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with biomarkers to incite a conceptual idea from a broad number of readers in this field. We provide the most promising concept about biosensors on the basis of detection scale (from femto to micro) using invasive and noninvasive biosamples such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, urine, sweat, and tear. It also summarizes sensor types and detailed analyzing techniques for ultrasensitive detection of multiple target biomarkers (i.e., amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide, tau protein, Acetylcholine (Ach), microRNA137, etc.) of AD in terms of detection ranges and limit of detections (LODs). As the most significant disadvantage of CSF and blood-based detection of AD is associated with the invasiveness of sample collection which limits future strategy with home-based early screening of AD, we extensively reviewed the future trend of new noninvasive detection techniques (such as optical screening and bio-imaging process). To overcome the limitation of non-invasive biosamples with low concentrations of AD biomarkers, current efforts to enhance the sensitivity of biosensors and discover new types of biomarkers using non-invasive body fluids are presented. We also introduced future trends facing an infection point in early diagnosis of AD with simultaneous emergence of addressable innovative technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem Prakash Karki
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Yeongseok Jang
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Jinmu Jung
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
- Department of Nano-bio Mechanical System Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
| | - Jonghyun Oh
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
- Department of Nano-bio Mechanical System Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
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Vatanabe IP, Pedroso RV, Manzine PR, Chagas MHN, de Morais Fabrício D, Grigoli MM, Naves MA, Pott-Jr H, Cominetti MR. ADAM10: Biomarker of mild cognitive impairment but not of cognitive frailty. Exp Gerontol 2021; 149:111303. [PMID: 33675901 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) associated with physical frailty gave rise to the new concept of cognitive frailty. Previous studies have suggested that MCI may represent a condition that precedes Alzheimer's disease (AD), in view of its higher conversion rate to dementia, when compared with the conversion rate of cognitively healthy older adults. Therefore, and considering that MCI represents a reversible condition, the identification of biomarkers for this condition is imperative to early diagnosis. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess whether the platelet and plasma levels of ADAM10 could be related with the concomitant conditions of MCI and physical frailty, in order to support a new blood-based biomarker for the construct of cognitive frailty. Sixty-one adults aged 60 years or older participated in this study. The results showed that ADAM10 levels are reduced in platelets (p < 0.05) and increased in plasma (p < 0.05) of older adults with MCI compared to healthy controls, regardless of the physical frailty condition. The analysis of the ROC curve of ADAM10 in platelets showed sensitivity and specificity of 72.7 and 73.9%, respectively, to correct differentiate between participants with preserved cognition from those with MCI. For plasma samples, ADAM10 presented 62.5 and 90.0%, sensitivity and specificity respectively, to differentiate the aforementioned conditions. Together with other clinical criteria blood ADAM10 could be a relevant, low-invasive, low-cost and fast processing biomarker tool to help in the early and accurate diagnosis of MCI, however this marker was not able to identify cognitive frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Pereira Vatanabe
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washignton Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Renata Valle Pedroso
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washignton Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Patricia Regina Manzine
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washignton Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Marcos Hortes Nisihara Chagas
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washignton Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Daiene de Morais Fabrício
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washignton Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Marina Mantellatto Grigoli
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washignton Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Marina Araújo Naves
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washignton Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Henrique Pott-Jr
- Deparment of Medicine, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washignton Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Marcia Regina Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washignton Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
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24
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Pereira Vatanabe I, Peron R, Mantellatto Grigoli M, Pelucchi S, De Cesare G, Magalhães T, Manzine PR, Figueredo Balthazar ML, Di Luca M, Marcello E, Cominetti MR. ADAM10 Plasma and CSF Levels Are Increased in Mild Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052416. [PMID: 33670873 PMCID: PMC7957802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
ADAM10 is the main α-secretase that participates in the non-amyloidogenic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in neurons, inhibiting the production of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Strong recent evidence indicates the importance of the localization of ADAM10 for its activity as a protease. In this study, we investigated ADAM10 activity in plasma and CSF samples of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and mild AD compared with cognitively healthy controls. Our results indicated that plasma levels of soluble ADAM10 were significantly increased in the mild AD group, and that in these samples the protease was inactive, as determined by activity assays. The same results were observed in CSF samples, indicating that the increased plasma ADAM10 levels reflect the levels found in the central nervous system. In SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, ADAM10 achieves its major protease activity in the fraction obtained from plasma membrane lysis, where the mature form of the enzyme is detected, confirming the importance of ADAM10 localization for its activity. Taken together, our results demonstrate the potential of plasma ADAM10 to act as a biomarker for AD, highlighting its advantages as a less invasive, easier, faster, and lower-cost processing procedure, compared to existing biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Pereira Vatanabe
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil; (I.P.V.); (R.P.); (M.M.G.); (P.R.M.)
| | - Rafaela Peron
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil; (I.P.V.); (R.P.); (M.M.G.); (P.R.M.)
| | - Marina Mantellatto Grigoli
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil; (I.P.V.); (R.P.); (M.M.G.); (P.R.M.)
| | - Silvia Pelucchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Universitá Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.D.C.); (M.D.L.)
| | - Giulia De Cesare
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Universitá Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.D.C.); (M.D.L.)
| | - Thamires Magalhães
- Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil; (T.M.); (M.L.F.B.)
| | - Patricia Regina Manzine
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil; (I.P.V.); (R.P.); (M.M.G.); (P.R.M.)
| | | | - Monica Di Luca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Universitá Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.D.C.); (M.D.L.)
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Universitá Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.D.C.); (M.D.L.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (M.R.C.); Tel.: +39-02-5031-8314 (E.M.); +55-16-3306-6663 (M.R.C.)
| | - Marcia Regina Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil; (I.P.V.); (R.P.); (M.M.G.); (P.R.M.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (M.R.C.); Tel.: +39-02-5031-8314 (E.M.); +55-16-3306-6663 (M.R.C.)
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Zhou M, Lin Y, Lu L, Zhang Z, Guo W, Peng G, Zhang W, Zhu Z, Wu Z, Mo M, Yang X, Zhu X, Chen C, Chen X, Xu P. Association of ADAM10 gene variants with sporadic Parkinson's disease in Chinese Han population. J Gene Med 2021; 23:e3319. [PMID: 33527480 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Genetic factors play important roles in PD risk. rs653765 and rs514049 of ADAM10 were reported to be associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Caucasian population; however, the association of the two variants with PD in Chinese Han population remains unknown. The present investigation aimed to explore the possible association of ADAM10 variants with PD in Chinese Han population. METHODS We enrolled 565 PD patients and 518 healthy controls to conduct a case-control study. DNA samples were extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes, and the genotypes were determined by utilization of MassARRAY platform. Plasma levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS We found CC genotype of rs514049 was associated with an increased risk of PD (OR (95% CI) = 3.776 (1.127-11.217), p = 0.018). The C allele frequency of rs514049 was significantly higher in PD group (OR (95% CI) = 1.328 (1.031-1.709), p = 0.028), especially in male subgroup (OR (95% CI) = 1.484 (1.053-2.092), p = 0.024). However, there was no significant difference in the genotype or allele frequencies for rs653765 within the groups. Plasma levels were significantly decreased in PD patients compared with controls (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that C allele of rs514049 in ADAM10 may increase the risk of PD in Chinese Han population, especially in males. The decreased plasma levels are probably involved in PD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwan Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoyou Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziting Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuohua Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingshu Mo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinling Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaojun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Chinese Medical Integrated Hospital (Huadu), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Oliveira Monteiro MPA, Salheb Oliveira DSM, Manzine PR, Crispim Nascimento CM, Dos Santos Orlandi AA, de Oliveira Gomes GA, Dos Santos Orlandi F, Zazzetta MS, Pott-Junior H, Cominetti MR. ADAM10 plasma levels predict worsening in cognition of older adults: a 3-year follow-up study. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2021; 13:18. [PMID: 33419480 PMCID: PMC7792035 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are highly needed in clinic practice. So far, the gold standards for AD diagnosis are brain neuroimaging and beta-amyloid peptide, total tau, and phosphorylated tau in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); however, they are not attractive for large-scale screening. Blood-based biomarkers allow an initial large-scale screening of patients under suspicion that could later be tested for the already established CSF biomarkers. To this regard, in this study, we evaluated whether plasma ADAM10 levels would be predictors of declines in cognition in community-dwelling older adults after a 3-year period follow-up. METHODS This was a 3-year longitudinal cohort study that included 219 community-dwelling older adults. Sociodemographic, clinical, lifestyle, depressive symptoms (GDS), and cognitive data (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE; Clock Drawing test, CDT) were gathered. The measurement of ADAM10 plasma levels was performed using a sandwich ELISA kit. Bivariate comparisons between groups were performed using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney for continuous data and Pearson's chi-square tests with Yates continuity correction for categorical data. Longitudinal analyzes of changes in the MMSE scores were performed using linear mixed-effects modeling. RESULTS Baseline MMSE scores and ADAM10 levels were significantly associated with MMSE scores on the follow-up assessment. When analyzing the interaction with time, normal MMSE scores and the ADAM10 plasma levels at baseline presented a significant and independent negative association with MMSE score values on the follow-up assessment. The analyses also showed that the predictive effect of ADAM10 plasma levels on decreasing MMSE scores on follow-up seems to be more pronounced in participants with normal MMSE, when compared with those with altered MMSE scores at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Considering that ADAM10 increase in plasma is detected as soon as in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, the results presented here may support the complementary clinical use of this biomarker, in addition to the classical AD biomarkers. Taken together, these results provide the first direct evidence that changes in ADAM10 plasma levels are predictors of cognitive worsening in older adults. Moreover, this work can shed light on the study of blood biomarkers for AD and contribute to the advancement of the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Patrícia A Oliveira Monteiro
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Danielle S M Salheb Oliveira
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Patrícia R Manzine
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Carla M Crispim Nascimento
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | | | - Grace A de Oliveira Gomes
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Dos Santos Orlandi
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Marisa S Zazzetta
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Henrique Pott-Junior
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcia R Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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27
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Serafín V, Gamella M, Pedrero M, Montero-Calle A, Razzino CA, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Barderas R, Campuzano S, Pingarrón JM. Enlightening the advancements in electrochemical bioanalysis for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 189:113437. [PMID: 32629192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDD), and particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), are one of the greatest challenges facing our current medicine and society because of its increasing incidence and the high burden imposed both on patients' families and health systems. Despite this, their accurate diagnosis, mostly conducted by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis or neuroimaging techniques, costly, time-consuming, and unaffordable for most of the population, remains a complex task. In this situation, electrochemical biosensors are flourishing as promising alternative tools for the simple, fast, and low-cost diagnosis of NDD/AD. This review article provides the relevant clinical details of NDD/AD along with the closely related genetic (genetic mutations, polymorphisms of ApoE and specific miRNAs) and proteomic (amyloid-β peptides, total and phosphorylated tau protein) biomarkers circulating mostly in CSF. In addition, the article systematically enlightens a general view of the electrochemical affinity biosensors (mostly aptasensors and immunosensors) reported in the past two years for the determination of such biomarkers. The different developed strategies, analytical performances and applications are comprehensively discussed. Recent advancements in signal amplification methodologies involving smart designs and the use of nanomaterials and rational surface chemistries, as well as the challenges that must be struggled and the prospects in electrochemical affinity biosensing to bring more accessibility to NDD/AD diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up, are also pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Serafín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - M Gamella
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - M Pedrero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - A Montero-Calle
- Chronic Disease Programme, UFIEC, Carlos III Health Institute, Majadahonda, Madrid, 28220, Spain
| | - C A Razzino
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - P Yáñez-Sedeño
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - R Barderas
- Chronic Disease Programme, UFIEC, Carlos III Health Institute, Majadahonda, Madrid, 28220, Spain.
| | - S Campuzano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - J M Pingarrón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
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