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Afifah N, Sarifudin A, Purwanto WW, Krisanti EA, Mulia K. Glucomannan isolation from porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) flour using natural deep eutectic solvents and ethanol: A comparative study. Food Chem 2024; 453:139610. [PMID: 38761726 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Ethanol is a common solvent to isolate glucomannan from porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) flour (NPF). This study investigated the use of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) in glucomannan isolation from NPF. NADESs formed by the hydrogen bond acceptors (choline chloride and betaine) and the hydrogen bond donors (glycerol, 1,2-propanediol, formic acid, and acetic acid) in varying molar ratios of 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 were characterized to optimize glucomannan isolation. The results showed that higher molar ratios of NADES tended to yield porang glucomannan flour (PGF) with higher glucomannan content and viscosity. The gel of PGF exhibited pseudoplastic behavior. The FTIR spectra indicated that betaine-based NADES removed the acetyl groups from glucomannan chains. The PGF obtained from NADESs with a molar ratio of 1:4 was comparable to those obtained from ethanol with a glucomannan content of 87.34 %-93.28 % and a weight-average molecular weight of 9.12 × 105-1.20 × 106 g/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nok Afifah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia; Research Center for Appropriate Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Subang 41213, Indonesia
| | - Achmat Sarifudin
- Research Center for Appropriate Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Subang 41213, Indonesia
| | | | - Elsa Anisa Krisanti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Kamarza Mulia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia.
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2
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Majumdar S, Negi PS. Extraction of chitin-glucan complex from shiitake (Lentinula edodes) fruiting bodies using natural deep eutectic solvents and its prebiotic potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133046. [PMID: 38857726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Chitin-glucan complex (CGC) is an emerging novel prebiotic with numerous physiological activities in amelioration of clinical manifestations. In the present work, natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES), ultrasonication, and submerged fermentation using probiotic microorganisms were deployed for the extraction of CGC from Shiitake fruiting bodies. CGC obtained through non-ultrasonication assisted fermentation employing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum exhibited maximum polysaccharide yield (27.86 ± 0.82 % w/w). However, based on antioxidant potential, NADES combination of urea: glycerol (1:1 M ratio) was selected for further characterization. The rheological behavior of CGC under optimized conditions showed shear thinning property in both 0.1 M NaCl and salt-free solution. FTIR, 1H-(1D), and 2D 1H1H Homonuclear NMR spectra displayed distinctive patterns associated with β-glycosidic linkage and β-d-glucopyranose sugar moiety. XRD profiles of CGC exhibited characteristic peaks at 2θ = 23°, 25°, and 28° with corresponding hkl values of (220), (101), and (130) lattice planes, respectively. Enhanced radical scavenging activities were noticed due to the triple helical structure and anionic nature of CGC. CGC exhibited potential prebiotic activity (prebiotic score 118-134 %) and short chain fatty acids liberation (maximum 9.99 ± 0.41 mM by Lactobacillus delbrueckii). Simulated static in-vitro digestion demonstrated that CGC withstands acidic environment of gastric phase, which indicated its suitability for use as a prebiotic in nutraceutical-enriched food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayari Majumdar
- Fruit and Vegetables Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570 020, India
| | - Pradeep Singh Negi
- Fruit and Vegetables Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570 020, India.
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3
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Akpo E, Colin C, Perrin A, Cambedouzou J, Cornu D. Encapsulation of Active Substances in Natural Polymer Coatings. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2774. [PMID: 38894037 PMCID: PMC11173946 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Already used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and agrochemical industries, encapsulation is a strategy used to protect active ingredients from external degradation factors and to control their release kinetics. Various encapsulation techniques have been studied, both to optimise the level of protection with respect to the nature of the aggressor and to favour a release mechanism between diffusion of the active compounds and degradation of the barrier material. Biopolymers are of particular interest as wall materials because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity. By forming a stable hydrogel around the drug, they provide a 'smart' barrier whose behaviour can change in response to environmental conditions. After a comprehensive description of the concept of encapsulation and the main technologies used to achieve encapsulation, including micro- and nano-gels, the mechanisms of controlled release of active compounds are presented. A panorama of natural polymers as wall materials is then presented, highlighting the main results associated with each polymer and attempting to identify the most cost-effective and suitable methods in terms of the encapsulated drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Julien Cambedouzou
- IEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - David Cornu
- IEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, F-34095 Montpellier, France
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Giraldo JD, García Y, Vera M, Garrido-Miranda KA, Andrade-Acuña D, Marrugo KP, Rivas BL, Schoebitz M. Alternative processes to produce chitin, chitosan, and their oligomers. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121924. [PMID: 38431399 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable recovery of chitin and its derivatives from shellfish waste will be achieved when the industrial production of these polymers is achieved with a high control of their molecular structure, low costs, and acceptable levels of pollution. Therefore, the conventional chemical method for obtaining these biopolymers needs to be replaced or optimized. The goal of the present review is to ascertain what alternative methods are viable for the industrial-scale production of chitin, chitosan, and their oligomers. Therefore, a detailed review of recent literature was undertaken, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The analysis of the existing data allows suggesting that combining conventional, biological, and alternative methods is the most efficient strategy to achieve sustainable production, preventing negative impacts and allowing for the recovery of high added-value compounds from shellfish waste. In conclusion, a new process for obtaining chitinous materials is suggested, with the potential of reducing the consumption of reagents, energy, and water by at least 1/10, 1/4, and 1/3 part with respect to the conventional process, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Giraldo
- Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Sede Puerto Montt, Balneario Pelluco, Los Pinos s/n, Chile.
| | - Yadiris García
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Autopista Concepción-Talcahuano 7100, Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Myleidi Vera
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Karla A Garrido-Miranda
- Center of Waste Management and Bioenergy, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center (CGNA), Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Daniela Andrade-Acuña
- Centro de Docencia Superior en Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Sede Puerto Montt, Los Pinos s/n. Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Kelly P Marrugo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela de Química, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; Centro de Investigaciones en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados, CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Bernabé L Rivas
- Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Concepción 4080871, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mauricio Schoebitz
- Departamento de Suelos y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Agronomía, Campus Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Universidad de Concepción, Chile; Laboratory of Biofilms and Environmental Microbiology, Center of Biotechnology, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile
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5
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Isa MT, Abdulkarim AY, Bello A, Bello TK, Adamu Y. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan for medical applications: A review. J Biomater Appl 2024; 38:1036-1057. [PMID: 38553786 DOI: 10.1177/08853282241243010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan has gained considerable recognition within the field of medical applications due to its exceptional biocompatibility and diverse range of properties. Nevertheless, prior reviews have primarily focused on its applications, offering limited insights into its source materials. Hence, there arises a compelling need for a comprehensive review that encompasses the entire chitin and chitosan life cycle: from the source of chitin and chitosan, extraction methods, and specific medical applications, to the various techniques employed in evaluating chitosan's properties. This all-encompassing review delves into the critical aspects of chitin and chitosan extraction, with a strong emphasis on the utilization of natural raw materials. It elucidates the various sources of these raw materials, highlighting their abundance and accessibility. Furthermore, a meticulous examination of extraction methods reveals the prevalent use of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the demineralization process, alongside citric, formic, and phosphoric acids. Based on current review information, these acids constitute a substantial 69.2% of utilization, surpassing other mentioned acids. Of notable importance, the review underscores the essential parameters for medical-grade chitosan. It advocates for a degree of deacetylation (DDA) falling within the range of 85%-95%, minimal protein content <1%, ash content <2%, and moisture content <10%. In conclusion, these crucial factors contribute to the understanding of Chitosan's production for medical applications, paving the way for advancements in biomedical research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abdullahi Bello
- Bioresources Development Unit, National Biotechnology Research and Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
- Bioproduction Department, Bioresources Development Centre, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Yusuf Adamu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Ozel N, Elibol M. Chitin and chitosan from mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) using deep eutectic solvents. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130110. [PMID: 38346624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
In this study, chitin was isolated from a mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) using deep eutectic solvents, choline chloride: acetic acid (CCAA), choline chloride:lactic acid (CCLA) and choline chloride:glycerol (CCG). According to the results, three DES systems were also useful for the isolation of chitin from mushrooms. The deproteinization efficiency was 84.25 %. The degree of deacetylation of chitin isolated by microwave-assisted extraction using CCAA was 69 %. This result was promising to produce chitosan in a one-step, base-free process using deep eutectic solvents. FTIR, XRD, SEM and XPS were used to analyse the physicochemical properties of the chitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Ozel
- Ege University, Bioengineering Department, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Elibol
- Ege University, Bioengineering Department, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Sun X, Wang Y, Yu J, Wei Q, Ren X. Study on the deacetylation and mechanism of chitin in natural deep eutectic solvent. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:127698. [PMID: 37949277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
A large number of hydrogen bonds is the main reason for hindering the dissolution and reaction of chitin, and a mild and green deacetylation method to prepare chitosan for a wider range of applications is urgent. As a non-toxic and degradable green solvent, the deep eutectic solvent can effectively interfere with the hydrogen bond network of chitin, making chitin more susceptible to other solvents. Therefore, a NADES system consisting of betaine and glycerol was proposed for application in the deacetylation reaction of chitin to facilitate further attack of N-acetyl groups by low concentrations of NaOH. After optimizing the reaction conditions, chitosan with 83.77 % deacetylation was prepared, requiring only a concentration of 25 wt% NaOH. The analysis of the product chitosan showed that NADES could not only effectively improve the degree of deacetylation, but also reduce the degree of damage to the molecular weight by alkali. In addition, the potential mechanisms involved in the deacetylation process by NADES were explored. The nature of the reaction was verified by FT-IR, XRD and theoretical calculations as the process of opening intra/intermolecular hydrogen bonds of chitin by NADES. More importantly, experimental and in-depth theoretical studies provide a reference for the green preparation of chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Yiruo Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Jiaming Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Qifeng Wei
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Xiulian Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
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8
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Cocean G, Cocean A, Garofalide S, Pelin V, Munteanu BS, Pricop DA, Motrescu I, Dimitriu DG, Cocean I, Gurlui S. Dual-Pulsed Laser Ablation of Oyster Shell Producing Novel Thin Layers Deposed to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3953. [PMID: 37836002 PMCID: PMC10575290 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-pulsed (DPL) laser deposition using oyster shells as targets was studied in order to find out if this method can replace the use of high-power pulsed lasers. Aspects related to changes in the morphological structure of the thin layer but also to the chemical composition of the obtained thin layer were analyzed and compared with the target as well as with the thin layers obtained with a higher power pulsed laser in a single-pulsed (SPL) regime. Orthorhombic structures were noticed with Scanning Electron Microscopy for the thin film obtained in DPL mode compared to the irregular particles obtained in SPL mode. The deacetylation process during ablation was evidenced by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, resulting in chitosan-based thin films. The effect of the obtained thin films of chitosan on the cells of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was studied. Restoration of the yeast paste into initial yeast was noticed mainly when the hemp fabric was used as support for the coating with yeas which was after that coated with chitosan thin film produced by DPL method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Cocean
- Atmosphere Optics, Spectroscopy and Laser Laboratory (LOASL), Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Bld., 700506 Iasi, Romania; (G.C.); (S.G.); (V.P.); (B.S.M.); (D.A.P.); (D.G.D.)
- Rehabilitation Hospital Borsa, 1 Floare de Colt Street, 435200 Borsa, Romania
| | - Alexandru Cocean
- Atmosphere Optics, Spectroscopy and Laser Laboratory (LOASL), Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Bld., 700506 Iasi, Romania; (G.C.); (S.G.); (V.P.); (B.S.M.); (D.A.P.); (D.G.D.)
- Laboratory of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Research Center with Integrated Techniques for Atmospheric Aerosol Investigation in Romania (RECENT AIR), Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, A Building, Physics, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Silvia Garofalide
- Atmosphere Optics, Spectroscopy and Laser Laboratory (LOASL), Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Bld., 700506 Iasi, Romania; (G.C.); (S.G.); (V.P.); (B.S.M.); (D.A.P.); (D.G.D.)
- Laboratory of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Research Center with Integrated Techniques for Atmospheric Aerosol Investigation in Romania (RECENT AIR), Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, A Building, Physics, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Vasile Pelin
- Atmosphere Optics, Spectroscopy and Laser Laboratory (LOASL), Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Bld., 700506 Iasi, Romania; (G.C.); (S.G.); (V.P.); (B.S.M.); (D.A.P.); (D.G.D.)
- Laboratory of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Research Center with Integrated Techniques for Atmospheric Aerosol Investigation in Romania (RECENT AIR), Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, A Building, Physics, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdanel Silvestru Munteanu
- Atmosphere Optics, Spectroscopy and Laser Laboratory (LOASL), Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Bld., 700506 Iasi, Romania; (G.C.); (S.G.); (V.P.); (B.S.M.); (D.A.P.); (D.G.D.)
| | - Daniela Angelica Pricop
- Atmosphere Optics, Spectroscopy and Laser Laboratory (LOASL), Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Bld., 700506 Iasi, Romania; (G.C.); (S.G.); (V.P.); (B.S.M.); (D.A.P.); (D.G.D.)
- Laboratory of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Research Center with Integrated Techniques for Atmospheric Aerosol Investigation in Romania (RECENT AIR), Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Astronomical Observatory, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iuliana Motrescu
- Sciences Department & Research Institute for Agriculture and Environment, Iasi University of Life Sciences, 3 Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Dan Gheorghe Dimitriu
- Atmosphere Optics, Spectroscopy and Laser Laboratory (LOASL), Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Bld., 700506 Iasi, Romania; (G.C.); (S.G.); (V.P.); (B.S.M.); (D.A.P.); (D.G.D.)
| | - Iuliana Cocean
- Atmosphere Optics, Spectroscopy and Laser Laboratory (LOASL), Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Bld., 700506 Iasi, Romania; (G.C.); (S.G.); (V.P.); (B.S.M.); (D.A.P.); (D.G.D.)
| | - Silviu Gurlui
- Atmosphere Optics, Spectroscopy and Laser Laboratory (LOASL), Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Bld., 700506 Iasi, Romania; (G.C.); (S.G.); (V.P.); (B.S.M.); (D.A.P.); (D.G.D.)
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Pratiwi RD, El Muttaqien S, Gustini N, Difa NS, Syahputra G, Rosyidah A. Eco-friendly synthesis of chitosan and its medical application: from chitin extraction to nanoparticle preparation. ADMET AND DMPK 2023; 11:435-455. [PMID: 37937250 PMCID: PMC10626508 DOI: 10.5599/admet.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Chitosan, a chitin deacetylation product, has been applied in nanoparticle or nano-chitosan for medical applications. However, the chitin extraction from crustacean shells and other natural resources, chitin deacetylation, and crosslinking of the chitosan forming the nano-chitosan mostly involve hazardous chemical and physical processes. The risks of these processes to human health and the environment attract the attention of scientists to develop safer and greener techniques. This review aims to describe the progress of harmless chitosan synthesis. Experimental Approach All strongly related publications to each section, which were found on scientific search engines (Google Scholar, Scopus, and Pubmed), were studied, selected, and then used as references in writing this review. No limitation for the publication year was applied. The publications were searched from April 2022 - June 2023. Key Results Nano-chitosan could be synthesized in harmless techniques, including the preparation of the chitosan raw materials and crosslinking the chitosan polymer. Enzymatic processes in shell deproteination in the chitin extraction and deacetylation are preferable to reduce the negative effects of conventional chemical-physical processes. Mild alkalines and deep eutectic solvents also provide similar benefits. In the nano-chitosan synthesis, naturally derived compounds (carrageenan, genipin, and valinin) show potency as safer crosslinkers, besides tripolyphosphate, the most common safe crosslinker. Conclusion A list of eco-friendly and safer processes in the synthesis of nano-chitosan has been reported in recent years. These findings are suggested for the nano-chitosan synthesis on an industrial scale in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyona Desvy Pratiwi
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drug, Organization Research of Health, The National Research and Innovation Agency, Jalan Raya Bogor Km 46 Cibinong, Bogor 16911, West Java, Indonesia
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Cheng J, Armugam A, Yang Y, Jin F, Zhang Y, Yan N. One-Pot Chitin Conversion to High-Activity Antifungal N,N-Dimethyl Chitosan Oligosaccharides. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300591. [PMID: 37332174 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide and its derivatives are known for their diverse biological activities. In this study, we communicate a convenient one-pot synthesis of N,N-dimethyl chitosan oligosaccharide (DMCOS) from chitin via acid-catalyzed tandem depolymerization-deacetylation-N-methylation pathway using formaldehyde as the methylation reagent. The synthesis protocol offers 77 % DMCOS that features a high degree of deacetylation, a high degree of methylation, and a low average molecular weight. Compared to chitosan, DMCOS exhibits superior antifungal activity against Candida species. Mechanism study reveals a previously non-reported hydroxyl group-assisted effect that facilitates the reductive amination reaction under strong acidic conditions. Overall, our findings demonstrate the feasibility of direct synthesis of DMCOS from chitin, highlighting its potential use in anti-fungal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Arunmozhiarasi Armugam
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos #07-01, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fangming Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yugen Zhang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos #07-01, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), A*STAR, 1 Pesek Road Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
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11
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Ultrasound and autoclave-deacetylated Achatina fulica shell chitosan: Characterisation and effect on tomato and cucumber fruit qualities during storage. Food Chem 2023; 415:135750. [PMID: 36863236 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan from African giant snail (Achatina fulica) shells derived through autoclave- (SSCA) or ultrasound-assisted (SSCU) deacetylation was characterised and evaluated for quality and shelf life of tomatoes and cucumbers over 10 days of ambient (26 ± 2 °C) and refrigerated (4 ± 2 °C) storage. A 64.03 and 54.41% deacetylation degrees were achieved for SSCA and SSCU, respectively with the SEM showing uniform surface morphologies. Moisture loss in tomatoes was effectively moderated by SSCA and SSCU treatments as depicted by higher weight retention (93.65% and 81.80%) compared to untreated samples (58.52%) after 10 days of refrigerated storage. Autoclave-derived chitosan significantly retained colour of tomato and cucumber. Ascorbic acid retentions were 88.76% and 87.34%, and 86.40% and 77.01% for SSCA and SSCU-treated tomatoes at ambient and refrigerated storage, respectively. Yeast and mould growths were completely inhibited for 10 days of refrigerated storage. Chitosan treatment enhanced quality and shelf life of tomatoes and cucumbers in the order SSCA > SSCU > control.
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Suwanchaikasem P, Nie S, Idnurm A, Selby‐Pham J, Walker R, Boughton BA. Effects of chitin and chitosan on root growth, biochemical defense response and exudate proteome of Cannabis sativa. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2023; 4:115-133. [PMID: 37362423 PMCID: PMC10290428 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Fungal pathogens pose a major threat to Cannabis sativa production, requiring safe and effective management procedures to control disease. Chitin and chitosan are natural molecules that elicit plant defense responses. Investigation of their effects on C. sativa will advance understanding of plant responses towards elicitors and provide a potential pathway to enhance plant resistance against diseases. Plants were grown in the in vitro Root-TRAPR system and treated with colloidal chitin and chitosan. Plant morphology was monitored, then plant tissues and exudates were collected for enzymatic activity assays, phytohormone quantification, qPCR analysis and proteomics profiling. Chitosan treatments showed increased total chitinase activity and expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes by 3-5 times in the root tissues. In the exudates, total peroxidase and chitinase activities and levels of defense proteins such as PR protein 1 and endochitinase 2 were increased. Shoot development was unaffected, but root development was inhibited after chitosan exposure. In contrast, chitin treatments had no significant impact on any defense parameters, including enzymatic activities, hormone quantities, gene expression levels and root secreted proteins. These results indicate that colloidal chitosan, significantly enhancing defense responses in C. sativa root system, could be used as a potential elicitor, particularly in hydroponic scenarios to manage crop diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuai Nie
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria3052Australia
| | - Alexander Idnurm
- School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria3010Australia
| | - Jamie Selby‐Pham
- School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria3010Australia
- Cannabis and Biostimulants Research Group Pty LtdMelbourneVictoria3020Australia
| | - Robert Walker
- School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria3010Australia
| | - Berin A. Boughton
- School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria3010Australia
- Australian National Phenome CentreMurdoch UniversityPerthWestern Australia6150Australia
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13
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Ma Y, Xu S, Yue P, Cao H, Zou Y, Wang L, Long H, Wu S, Ye Q. Synthesis and evaluation of water-soluble imidazolium salt chitin with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and excellent biocompatibility for infected wound healing. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 306:120575. [PMID: 36746566 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by bacteria have long constituted a major threat to human health and the economy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design broad-spectrum antibacterial materials possessing good biocompatibility to treat such infections. Herein, inspired by the good biocompatibility of chitin and antibacterial properties of imidazolium salts, a polysaccharide-based material, imidazolium salt chitin (IMSC), was homogeneously prepared using a facile method with epichlorohydrin as a chemical crosslinker to combine chitin with imidazole to enhance Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-infected wound healing. The characteristics, antimicrobial properties, and biosafety of IMSC were evaluated. The results demonstrated successful grafting of imidazole onto chitin. Furthermore, IMSC exhibited good water solubility, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, hemocompatibility, and biocompatibility. Moreover, IMSC enabled complete healing of S. aureus-infected wound in Sprague-Dawley rats within 15 days of application, thus demonstrating that IMSC could reduce wound inflammation and remarkably accelerate wound healing owing to its efficient antibacterial activity and ability to promote collagen deposition in and around the wound area. Therefore, this study provides a promising and potential therapeutic strategy for infected wound healing by synthesizing a water-soluble and broad-spectrum antimicrobial material exhibiting good biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Ma
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, National Quality Control Center for Donated Organ Procurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Natural Polymer Biological Liver, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shuyi Xu
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pengpeng Yue
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, National Quality Control Center for Donated Organ Procurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Natural Polymer Biological Liver, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hankun Cao
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, National Quality Control Center for Donated Organ Procurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Natural Polymer Biological Liver, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yongkang Zou
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, National Quality Control Center for Donated Organ Procurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Natural Polymer Biological Liver, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lizhe Wang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, National Quality Control Center for Donated Organ Procurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Natural Polymer Biological Liver, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, PR China
| | - Haitao Long
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, National Quality Control Center for Donated Organ Procurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Natural Polymer Biological Liver, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shuangquan Wu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, National Quality Control Center for Donated Organ Procurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Natural Polymer Biological Liver, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Qifa Ye
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, National Quality Control Center for Donated Organ Procurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Natural Polymer Biological Liver, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, PR China; The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, Changsha 410013, Hunan, PR China.
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14
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Advances in chitin-based nanoparticle use in biodegradable polymers: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 312:120789. [PMID: 37059529 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Chitin-based nanoparticles are polysaccharide materials that can be produced from a waste stream of the seafood industry: crustacean shells. These nanoparticles have received exponentially growing attention, especially in the field of medicine and agriculture owing to their renewable origin, biodegradability, facile modification, and functionality adjustment. Due to their exceptional mechanical strength and high surface area, chitin-based nanoparticles are ideal candidates for reinforcing biodegradable plastics to ultimately replace traditional plastics. This review discusses the preparation methods for chitin-based nanoparticles and their applications. Special focus is on biodegradable plastics for food packaging making use of the features that can be created by the chitin-based nanoparticles.
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15
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Dong Q, Qiu W, Li L, Tao N, Liang Wang A, Deng S, Jin Y. Extraction of Chitin from White Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Shells Using Binary Ionic Liquid Mixtures. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Islam N, Hoque M, Taharat SF. Recent advances in extraction of chitin and chitosan. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:28. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Jorea A, Ravelli D, Romarowski RM, Marconi S, Auricchio F, Fagnoni M. Photocatalyzed Functionalization of Alkenoic Acids in 3D-Printed Reactors. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200898. [PMID: 35695876 PMCID: PMC9543820 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The valorization of alkenoic acids possibly deriving from biomass (fumaric and citraconic acids) was carried out through conversion in important building blocks, such as γ-keto acids and succinic acid derivatives. The functionalization was carried out by addition onto the C=C double bond of radicals generated under photocatalyzed conditions from suitable hydrogen donors (mainly aldehydes) and by adopting a decatungstate salt as the photocatalyst. Syntheses were performed under batch (in a glass vessel) and flow (by using 3D-printed reactors) conditions. The design of the latter reactors allowed for an improved yield and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jorea
- Department of Clinical Surgery, Diagnostics and PediatricsFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoViale Brambilla 7427100PaviaItaly
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity of PaviaViale Taramelli 1227100PaviaItaly
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity of PaviaViale Taramelli 1227100PaviaItaly
| | - Rodrigo M. Romarowski
- Computational Mechanics and Advanced Materials GroupUniversity of PaviaVia Ferrata 327100PaviaItaly
| | - Stefania Marconi
- Computational Mechanics and Advanced Materials GroupUniversity of PaviaVia Ferrata 327100PaviaItaly
| | - Ferdinando Auricchio
- Computational Mechanics and Advanced Materials GroupUniversity of PaviaVia Ferrata 327100PaviaItaly
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity of PaviaViale Taramelli 1227100PaviaItaly
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18
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Chen J, Zhu F, Qin H, Song Z, Qi Z, Sundmacher K. Rational eutectic solvent design by linking regular solution theory with QSAR modelling. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Green and eco-friendly approaches for the extraction of chitin and chitosan: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 287:119349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Effectively inhibiting the degradation of chitin during extraction from crustacean waste via a novel deep eutectic solvent aqueous solution. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Khajavian M, Vatanpour V, Castro-Muñoz R, Boczkaj G. Chitin and derivative chitosan-based structures - Preparation strategies aided by deep eutectic solvents: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118702. [PMID: 34742428 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The high molecular weight of chitin, as a biopolymer, challenges its extraction due to its insolubility in the solvents. Also, chitosan, as the N-deacetylated form of chitin, can be employed as a primary material for different industries. The low mechanical stability and poor plasticity of chitosan films, as a result of incompatible interaction between chitosan and the used solvent, have limited its industrialization. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), as novel solvents, can solve the extraction difficulties of chitin, and the low mechanical stability and weak plasticity of chitosan films. Also, DESs can be considered for the different chitosan and chitin productions, including chitin nanocrystal and nanofiber, N,N,N-trimethyl-chitosan, chitosan-based imprinted structures, and DES-chitosan-based beads and monoliths. This review aims to focus on the preparation and characterization (chemistry and morphology) of DES-chitin-based and DES-chitosan-based structures to understand the influence of the incorporation of DESs into the chitin and chitosan structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khajavian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Vahid Vatanpour
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, P.O. Box 15719-14911, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Toluca, Avenida Eduardo Monroy, Cárdenas 2000 San Antonio Buenavista, 50110 Toluca de Lerdo, Mexico
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland; EcoTech Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
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22
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Feng M, Yan J, He B, Chen X, Sun J. Controllable conversion of shrimp shells into chitin or derived carbon material using acidic deep eutectic solvent. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:347-357. [PMID: 34695496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
It is important to convert waste shrimp shells into chitin and its derivatives, but it still faces disadvantages of pollution and long process. In this research, deep eutectic solvents made from choline chloride (ChCl) and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (TsOH) were used to convert shrimp shells into chitin or carbon materials through adjustment of temperature with a dissolution-regeneration method in one step. Obtained precipitates and regenerated products gradually changed from chitin to carbon materials with the temperature adjusted to 130 °C and 110 °C, respectively. The α-chitin with the highest purity of 97.9 ± 0.1 wt% was prepared using 15 wt% ChCl/TsOH (1:2, n:n) aqueous solution at 70 °C, and the yield was 59.4 ± 1.9 wt%. Moreover, the carbon materials prepared by ChCl/TsOH (1:4) treatment with water and ethanol as anti-solvent were S/N/O-doped carbon materials, which exhibited potential in the supercapacitor with a specific capacitance of 24.8 and 19.3 F/g at 1 A/g, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jipeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bin He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China; Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China.
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