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Liu Y, Tao J, Mo Y, Bao R, Pan C. Ultrasensitive Touch Sensor for Simultaneous Tactile and Slip Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313857. [PMID: 38335503 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Touch is a general term to describe mechanical stimuli. It is extremely difficult to develop touch sensors that can detect different modes of contact forces due to their low sensitivity and data decoupling. Simultaneously conducting tactile and slip sensing presents significant challenges for the design, structure, and performance of sensors. In this work, a highly sensitive sandwich-structured sensor is achieved by exploiting the porosity and compressive modulus of the sensor's functional layer materials. The sensor shows an ultra-high sensitivity of 1167 kPa-1 and a low-pressure detection limit of 1.34 Pa due to its considerably low compression modulus of 23.8 Pa. Due to this ultra-high sensitivity, coupled with spectral analysis, it allows for dual-mode detection of both tactile and slip sensations simultaneously. This novel fabrication strategy and signal analysis method provides a new direction for the development of tactile/slip sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Yepei Mo
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Rongrong Bao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- Institute of Atomic Manufacturing, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Caofeng Pan
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- Institute of Atomic Manufacturing, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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Wang S, Xu J, Li W, Sun S, Gao S, Hou Y. Magnetic Nanostructures: Rational Design and Fabrication Strategies toward Diverse Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5411-5475. [PMID: 35014799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the continuous development of magnetic nanostructures (MNSs) has tremendously promoted both fundamental scientific research and technological applications. Different from the bulk magnet, the systematic engineering on MNSs has brought a great breakthrough in some emerging fields such as the construction of MNSs, the magnetism exploration of multidimensional MNSs, and their potential translational applications. In this review, we give a detailed description of the synthetic strategies of MNSs based on the fundamental features and application potential of MNSs and discuss the recent progress of MNSs in the fields of nanomedicines, advanced nanobiotechnology, catalysis, and electromagnetic wave adsorption (EMWA), aiming to provide guidance for fabrication strategies of MNSs toward diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuren Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shengnan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Institute of Spin-X Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Yanglong Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Wei Y, Zhou H, Deng H, Ji W, Tian K, Ma Z, Zhang K, Fu Q. "Toolbox" for the Processing of Functional Polymer Composites. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 14:35. [PMID: 34918192 PMCID: PMC8677876 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The processing methods of functional polymer composites (FPCs) are systematically summarized in “Toolbox”. The relationship of processing method-structure-property is discussed and the selection and combination of tools in processing among different FPCs are analyzed. A promising prospect is provided regarding the design principle for high performance FPCs for further investigation. ABSTRACT Functional polymer composites (FPCs) have attracted increasing attention in recent decades due to their great potential in delivering a wide range of functionalities. These functionalities are largely determined by functional fillers and their network morphology in polymer matrix. In recent years, a large number of studies on morphology control and interfacial modification have been reported, where numerous preparation methods and exciting performance of FPCs have been reported. Despite the fact that these FPCs have many similarities because they are all consisting of functional inorganic fillers and polymer matrices, review on the overall progress of FPCs is still missing, and especially the overall processing strategy for these composites is urgently needed. Herein, a “Toolbox” for the processing of FPCs is proposed to summarize and analyze the overall processing strategies and corresponding morphology evolution for FPCs. From this perspective, the morphological control methods already utilized for various FPCs are systematically reviewed, so that guidelines or even predictions on the processing strategies of various FPCs as well as multi-functional polymer composites could be given. This review should be able to provide interesting insights for the field of FPCs and boost future intelligent design of various FPCs. [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-021-00774-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongju Zhou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Deng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjing Ji
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Tian
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuyu Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyi Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
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AC Electric-Field Assistant Architecting Ordered Network of Ni@PS Microspheres in Epoxy Resin to Enhance Conductivity. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213826. [PMID: 34771381 PMCID: PMC8587127 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
By using the low loading of the conductor filler to achieve high conductivity is a challenge associated with electrically conductive adhesion. In this study, we show an assembling of nickel-coated polystyrene (Ni@PS) microspheres into 3-dimensional network within the epoxy resin with the assistance of an electric field. The morphology evolution of the microspheres was observed with optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The response speed of Ni@PS microsphere to the electric field were investigated by measuring the viscosity and shear stress variation of the suspension at a low shear rate with an electrorheological instrument. The SEM results revealed that the Ni@PS microspheres aligned into a pearl-alike structure. The AC impedance spectroscopy confirmed that the conductivity of this pearl-alike alignment was significantly enhanced when compared to the pristine one. The maximum enhancement in conductivity is achieved at 15 wt. % of Ni@PS microspheres with the aligned composites about 3 orders of magnitude as much as unaligned one, typically from ~10−5 S/m to ~10−2 S/m.
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Wang Y, Desroches GJ, Macfarlane RJ. Ordered polymer composite materials: challenges and opportunities. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:426-443. [PMID: 33367442 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07547g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites containing nanoscale fillers are an important class of materials due to their ability to access a wide variety of properties as a function of their composition. In order to take full advantage of these properties, it is critical to control the distribution of nanofillers within the parent polymer matrix, as this structural organization affects how the two constituent components interact with one another. In particular, new methods for generating ordered arrays of nanofillers represent a key underexplored research area, as emergent properties arising from nanoscale ordering can be used to introduce novel functionality currently inaccessible in random composites. The knowledge gained from developing such methods will provide important insight into the thermodynamics and kinetics associated with nanomaterial and polymer assembly. These insights will not only benefit researchers working on new composite materials, but will also deepen our understanding of soft matter systems in general. In this review, we summarize contemporary research efforts in manipulating nanofiller organization in polymer nanocomposites and highlight future challenges and opportunities for constructing ordered nanocomposite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | - Griffen J Desroches
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | - Robert J Macfarlane
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Tuning the Electrically Conductive Network of Grafted Nanoparticles in Polymer Nanocomposites by the Shear Field. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Cho HW, Kim SW, Kim J, Kim UJ, Im K, Park JJ, Sung BJ. Conductive network formation of carbon nanotubes in elastic polymer microfibers and its effect on the electrical conductance: Experiment and simulation. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:194903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4949759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Science, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, South Korea
| | - Sang Won Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-Do 443-803, South Korea
| | - Jeongmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Science, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, South Korea
| | - Un Jeong Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-Do 443-803, South Korea
| | - Kyuhyun Im
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-Do 443-803, South Korea
| | - Jong-Jin Park
- School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Bong June Sung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Science, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, South Korea
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Tokuda T, Watanabe K, Hoshino K. Preparation of Transparent Conducting Films with Fillers of Mixed-valence Bicarbazyl Nano/Microtubes and Wires. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Tokuda
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Science, Chiba University
| | - Kazumu Watanabe
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Science, Chiba University
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Self-assembled large scale metal alloy grid patterns as flexible transparent conductive layers. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13710. [PMID: 26333520 PMCID: PMC4558545 DOI: 10.1038/srep13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of scalable synthesis techniques for optically transparent, electrically conductive coatings is in great demand due to the constantly increasing market price and limited resources of indium for indium tin oxide (ITO) materials currently applied in most of the optoelectronic devices. This work pioneers the scalable synthesis of transparent conductive films (TCFs) by exploiting the coffee-ring effect deposition coupled with reactive inkjet printing and subsequent chemical copper plating. Here we report two different promising alternatives to replace ITO, palladium-copper (PdCu) grid patterns and silver-copper (AgCu) fish scale like structures printed on flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates, achieving sheet resistance values as low as 8.1 and 4.9 Ω/sq, with corresponding optical transmittance of 79% and 65% at 500 nm, respectively. Both films show excellent adhesion and also preserve their structural integrity and good contact with the substrate for severe bending showing less than 4% decrease of conductivity even after 105 cycles. Transparent conductive films for capacitive touch screens and pixels of microscopic resistive electrodes are demonstrated.
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Liu BT, Huang SX, Lai MF, Wei ZH. Synthesis of Ag–Ni core–shell nanowires and their application in anisotropic transparent conductive films. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11866a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transparent conductive films with high anisotropic conductivity ratio (>105) were prepared from Ag–Ni core–shell nanowires by applying a magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Tau Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National Yunlin University of Science and Technology
- Douliou, Yunlin 64002
- Republic of China
| | - Shao-Xian Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National Yunlin University of Science and Technology
- Douliou, Yunlin 64002
- Republic of China
| | - Mei-Feng Lai
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering
| | - Zung-Hang Wei
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
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11
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Hu L, Zhang R, Chen Q. Synthesis and assembly of nanomaterials under magnetic fields. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:14064-105. [PMID: 25338267 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05108d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, magnetic field has long been regarded as an important means for studying the magnetic properties of materials. With the development of synthesis and assembly methods, magnetic field, similar to conventional reaction conditions such as temperature, pressure, and surfactant, has been developed as a new parameter for synthesizing and assembling special structures. To date, magnetic fields have been widely employed for materials synthesis and assembly of one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) aggregates. In this review, we aim to provide a summary on the applications of magnetic fields in this area. Overall, the objectives of this review are: (1) to theoretically discuss several factors that refer to magnetic field effects (MFEs); (2) to review the magnetic-field-induced synthesis of nanomaterials; the 1D structure of various nanomaterials, such as metal oxides/sulfide, metals, alloys, and carbon, will be described in detail. Moreover, the MFEs on spin states of ions, magnetic domain and product phase distribution will be also involved; (3) to review the alignment of carbon nanotubes, assembly of magnetic nanomaterials and photonic crystals with the help of magnetic fields; and (4) to sketch the future opportunities that magnetic fields can face in the area of materials synthesis and assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
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Deng H, Lin L, Ji M, Zhang S, Yang M, Fu Q. Progress on the morphological control of conductive network in conductive polymer composites and the use as electroactive multifunctional materials. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Knaapila M, Høyer H, Kjelstrup-Hansen J, Helgesen G. Transparency enhancement for photoinitiated polymerization (UV curing) through magnetic field alignment in a piezoresistive metal/polymer composite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:3469-3476. [PMID: 24527791 DOI: 10.1021/am405625z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We use a magnetic field to align nickel particles into stringlike assemblies in urethane oligomer mixtures and create a semitransparent UV-curable nickel particle/polymer composite with anisotropic electrical conductivity and piezoresistive properties. When the particles are uniformly distributed in the oligourethane matrix, the mixture is moderately conductive at higher particle fractions but becomes insulating once the fraction is below about 5 vol %. With the particle fraction below this threshold and using an external magnetic field, the particles are aligned into continuous pathways through the oligomer mixtures following the magnetic flux lines. The matrix is subsequently cured by UV light. This results in conductivity and piezoresistivity along the alignment direction, while the material is not conducting perpendicular to the alignment direction. The lower particle fraction results in a lower number of absorbers for UV light: the decrease from 5 to 1 vol % increases optical transmission from 10% to 50% in the UV/vis region. This leads to a shorter photocuring time, typically from tens of seconds to seconds for 300-μm-thick films at a wavelength of 365 nm. We propose that this concept could be applied in areas such as pressure sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Knaapila
- Physics Department, Institute for Energy Technology , NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway
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Moreno I, Navascues N, Arruebo M, Irusta S, Santamaria J. Facile preparation of transparent and conductive polymer films based on silver nanowire/polycarbonate nanocomposites. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:275603. [PMID: 23743565 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/27/275603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowires (AgNW) synthesized by a solvothermal method were incorporated into a polycarbonate matrix by a solution mixing procedure. Films with a thickness around 18 μm were obtained, showing a good distribution of the wires within the polymer matrix. The thermal stability of the polymer matrix increased significantly, with the main decomposition peak shifting up to 74 ° C for an AgNW loading of 4.35 wt%. The percolation threshold was obtained at very low AgNW content (0.04 wt%), and the composite electrical conductivity at the maximum loading (4.35 wt%) was 41.3 Ω cm. Excellent transparency was obtained at the percolation threshold, with negligible reduction in the transmittance of the polymer matrix (from 88.2 to 87.6% at 0.04 wt% loading of AgNW). In addition, the polymer matrix protected the silver nanowires from oxidation, as demonstrated by the XPS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Moreno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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Nam S, Cho HW, Lim S, Kim D, Kim H, Sung BJ. Enhancement of electrical and thermomechanical properties of silver nanowire composites by the introduction of nonconductive nanoparticles: experiment and simulation. ACS NANO 2013; 7:851-856. [PMID: 23237625 DOI: 10.1021/nn305439t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrically conductive polymer nanocomposites have been applied extensively in many fields to develop the next generation of devices. Large amounts of conductive nanofillers in polymer matrices are, however, often required for a sufficiently high electrical conductivity, which in turn deteriorates the desired thermomechanical properties. We illustrate a novel but facile strategy to improve the electrical conductivity and the thermomechanical property of silver nanowire/polymer nanocomposites. We find that one may increase the electrical conductivity of silver nanowire/polymer nanocomposites by up to about 8 orders of magnitude by introducing silica nanoparticles with nanocomposites. The electrical percolation threshold volume fraction of silver nanowires decreases from 0.12 to 0.02. Thermomechanical properties also improve as silica nanoparticles are introduced. We carry out extensive Monte Carlo simulations to elucidate the effects of silica nanoparticles at a molecular level and find that van der Waals attractive interaction between silica nanoparticles and silver nanowires dominates over the depletion-induced interaction between silver nanowires, thus improving the dispersion of silver nanowires. Without silica nanoparticles, silver nanowires tend to aggregate, which is why additional silver nanowires are required for a desired electrical conductivity. On the other hand, with silica nanoparticles mixed, the electrical percolating network is likely to form at a smaller volume fraction of silver nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwoong Nam
- Photo-electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
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