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Abdel-Rahman R, Abdel-Mohsen AM, Frankova J, Piana F, Kalina L, Gajdosova V, Kapralkova L, Thottappali MA, Jancar J. Self-Assembled Hydrogel Membranes with Structurally Tunable Mechanical and Biological Properties. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3449-3463. [PMID: 38739908 PMCID: PMC11170955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Using supramolecular self-assembled nanocomposite materials made from protein and polysaccharide components is becoming more popular because of their unique properties, such as biodegradability, hierarchical structures, and tunable multifunctionality. However, the fabrication of these materials in a reproducible way remains a challenge. This study presents a new evaporation-induced self-assembly method producing layered hydrogel membranes (LHMs) using tropocollagen grafted by partially deacetylated chitin nanocrystals (CO-g-ChNCs). ChNCs help stabilize tropocollagen's helical conformation and fibrillar structure by forming a hierarchical microstructure through chemical and physical interactions. The LHMs show improved mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, and the ability to control drug release using octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) as a drug model. Because of the high synergetic performance between CO and ChNCs, the modulus, strength, and toughness increased significantly compared to native CO. The biocompatibility of LHM was tested using the normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) and the human osteosarcoma cell line (Saos-2). Cytocompatibility and cell adhesion improved with the introduction of ChNCs. The extracted ChNCs are used as a reinforcing nanofiller to enhance the performance properties of tropocollagen hydrogel membranes and provide new insights into the design of novel LHMs that could be used for various medical applications, such as control of drug release in the skin and bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha
M. Abdel-Rahman
- CEITEC-Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno 61200, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Praha 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - A. M. Abdel-Mohsen
- CEITEC-Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno 61200, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Praha 162 06, Czech Republic
- Pretreatment
and Finishing of Cellulosic Based Textiles Department, Textile Industries Research Institute, National Research
Centre, 33 EL Buhouth
Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Jana Frankova
- Department
of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská, 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Francesco Piana
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Praha 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Kalina
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Materials Research Centre, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, Brno 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Gajdosova
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Praha 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kapralkova
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Praha 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Muhammed Arshad Thottappali
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Praha 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Jancar
- CEITEC-Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno 61200, Czech Republic
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Materials Research Centre, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, Brno 61200, Czech Republic
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Shrestha S, Tieu T, Wojnilowicz M, Voelcker NH, Forsythe JS, Frith JE. Delivery of miRNAs Using Porous Silicon Nanoparticles Incorporated into 3D Hydrogels Enhances MSC Osteogenesis by Modulation of Fatty Acid Signaling and Silicon Degradation. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400171. [PMID: 38657207 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Strategies incorporating mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), hydrogels and osteoinductive signals offer promise for bone repair. Osteoinductive signals such as growth factors face challenges in clinical translation due to their high cost, low stability and immunogenicity leading to interest in microRNAs as a simple, inexpensive and powerful alternative. The selection of appropriate miRNA candidates and their efficient delivery must be optimised to make this a reality. This study evaluated pro-osteogenic miRNAs and used porous silicon nanoparticles modified with polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM-pSiNP) to deliver these to MSC encapsulated within gelatin-PEG hydrogels. miR-29b-3p, miR-101-3p and miR-125b-5p are strongly pro-osteogenic and are shown to target FASN and ELOVL4 in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway to modulate MSC osteogenesis. Hydrogel delivery of miRNA:PAMAM-pSiNP complexes enhanced transfection compared to 2D. The osteogenic potential of hBMSC in hydrogels with miR125b:PAMAM-pSiNP complexes is evaluated. Importantly, a dual-effect on osteogenesis occurred, with miRNAs increasing expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) whilst the pSiNPs enhanced mineralisation, likely via degradation into silicic acid. Overall, this work presents insights into the role of miRNAs and fatty acid signalling in osteogenesis, providing future targets to improve bone formation and a promising system to enhance bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surakshya Shrestha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Terence Tieu
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Marcin Wojnilowicz
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - John S Forsythe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jessica E Frith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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Daskalakis E, Huang B, Hassan MH, Omar AM, Vyas C, Acar AA, Fallah A, Cooper G, Weightman A, Blunn G, Koç B, Bartolo P. In Vitro Evaluation of Pore Size Graded Bone Scaffolds with Different Material Composition. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2024; 11:e718-e730. [PMID: 38689909 PMCID: PMC11057695 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The demand for biomimetic and biocompatible scaffolds in equivalence of structure and material composition for the regeneration of bone tissue is relevantly high. This article is investigating a novel three-dimensional (3D) printed porous structure called bone bricks with a gradient pore size mimicking the structure of the bone tissue. Poly-ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) combined with ceramics such as hydroxyapatite (HA), β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and bioglass 45S5 were successfully mixed using a melt blending method and fabricated with the use of screw-assisted extrusion-based additive manufacturing system. Bone bricks containing the same material concentration (20 wt%) were biologically characterized through proliferation and differentiation tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology of cells on the surface of bone bricks, whereas energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy was used to investigate the element composition on the surface of the bone bricks. Confocal imaging was used to investigate the number of differentiated cells on the surface of bone bricks. Proliferation results showed that bone bricks containing PCL/HA content are presenting higher proliferation properties, whereas differentiation results showed that bone bricks containing PCL/Bioglass 45S5 are presenting higher differentiation properties. Confocal imaging results showed that bone bricks containing PCL/Bioglass 45S5 are presenting a higher number of differentiated cells on their surface compared with the other material contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Daskalakis
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Boyang Huang
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohamed H. Hassan
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Abdalla M. Omar
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cian Vyas
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anil A. Acar
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Fallah
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Glen Cooper
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Weightman
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Bahattin Koç
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Paulo Bartolo
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Dhami NK, Greenwood PF, Poropat SF, Tripp M, Elson A, Vijay H, Brosnan L, Holman AI, Campbell M, Hopper P, Smith L, Jian A, Grice K. Microbially mediated fossil concretions and their characterization by the latest methodologies: a review. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1225411. [PMID: 37840715 PMCID: PMC10576451 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1225411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of well-preserved organic matter (OM) within mineral concretions has provided key insights into depositional and environmental conditions in deep time. Concretions of varied compositions, including carbonate, phosphate, and iron-based minerals, have been found to host exceptionally preserved fossils. Organic geochemical characterization of concretion-encapsulated OM promises valuable new information of fossil preservation, paleoenvironments, and even direct taxonomic information to further illuminate the evolutionary dynamics of our planet and its biota. Full exploitation of this largely untapped geochemical archive, however, requires a sophisticated understanding of the prevalence, formation controls and OM sequestration properties of mineral concretions. Past research has led to the proposal of different models of concretion formation and OM preservation. Nevertheless, the formation mechanisms and controls on OM preservation in concretions remain poorly understood. Here we provide a detailed review of the main types of concretions and formation pathways with a focus on the role of microbes and their metabolic activities. In addition, we provide a comprehensive account of organic geochemical, and complimentary inorganic geochemical, morphological, microbial and paleontological, analytical methods, including recent advancements, relevant to the characterization of concretions and sequestered OM. The application and outcome of several early organic geochemical studies of concretion-impregnated OM are included to demonstrate how this underexploited geo-biological record can provide new insights into the Earth's evolutionary record. This paper also attempts to shed light on the current status of this research and major challenges that lie ahead in the further application of geo-paleo-microbial and organic geochemical research of concretions and their host fossils. Recent efforts to bridge the knowledge and communication gaps in this multidisciplinary research area are also discussed, with particular emphasis on research with significance for interpreting the molecular record in extraordinarily preserved fossils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep K. Dhami
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Paul F. Greenwood
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen F. Poropat
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Madison Tripp
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Amy Elson
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hridya Vijay
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Luke Brosnan
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alex I. Holman
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew Campbell
- The Trace and Environmental DNA lab (trEND), School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Hopper
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lisa Smith
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew Jian
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kliti Grice
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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5
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Kaczmarek-Szczepańska B, Polkowska I, Małek M, Kluczyński J, Paździor-Czapula K, Wekwejt M, Michno A, Ronowska A, Pałubicka A, Nowicka B, Otrocka-Domagała I. The characterization of collagen-based scaffolds modified with phenolic acids for tissue engineering application. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9966. [PMID: 37340023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to study the morphology of collagen-based scaffolds modified by caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and gallic acid, their swelling, and degradation rate, as well as the biological properties of scaffolds, such as antioxidant activity, hemo- and cytocompatibility, histological observation, and antibacterial properties. Scaffolds based on collagen with phenolic acid showed higher swelling rate and enzymatic stability compared to scaffolds based on pure collagen, and the radical scavenging activity was in the range 85-91%. All scaffolds were non-hemolytic and compatible with surrounding tissues. Collagen modified by ferulic acid showed potentially negative effects on hFOB cells as a significantly increased LDH release was found, but all of the studied materials had antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. It may be assumed that phenolic acids, such as caffeic, ferulic, and gallic acid, are modifiers and provide novel biological properties of collagen-based scaffolds. This paper provides the summarization and comparison of the biological properties of scaffolds based on collagen modified with three different phenolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepańska
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Izabela Polkowska
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Małek
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Military University of Technology, ul. Gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Kluczyński
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, ul. Gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Paździor-Czapula
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marcin Wekwejt
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-229, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Michno
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Ronowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Pałubicka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Microbiology With Blood Bank, Specialist Hospital in Kościerzyna, Alojzego Piechowskiego 36, 83-400, Kościerzyna, Poland
| | - Beata Nowicka
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Otrocka-Domagała
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
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Engineering a biomimetic bone scaffold that can regulate redox homeostasis and promote osteogenesis to repair large bone defects. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Fabrication, Characterization and In Vitro Assessment of Laevistrombus canarium-Derived Hydroxyapatite Particulate-Filled Polymer Composite for Implant Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050872. [PMID: 35267694 PMCID: PMC8912798 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the formulation, characterization, and in vitro studies of polymer composite material impregnated with naturally derived hydroxyapatite (HA) particulates for biomedical implant applications. Laevistrombus canarium (LC) seashells (SS) were collected, washed and cleaned, sun-dried for 24 h, and ground into powder particulates. The SS particulates of different weight percentages (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 wt%)-loaded high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were fabricated by compression molding for comparative in vitro assessment. A temperature-controlled compression molding technique was used with the operating pressure of 2 to 3 bars for particulate retention in the HDPE matrix during molding. The HDPE/LC composite was fabricated and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and TGA. Mechanical properties such as tensile, compression, flexural, hardness, and also surface roughness were tested as per ASTM standards. Mass degradation and thermal stability of the HDPE/LC composite were evaluated at different temperatures ranging from 10 to 700 °C using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The maximum tensile strength was found to be 27 ± 0.5 MPa for 30 wt% HDPE/LC composite. The thermal energy absorbed during endothermic processes was recorded as 71.24 J/g and the peak melting temperature (Tm) was found to be 128.4 °C for the same 30 wt% of HDPE/LC composite specimen. Excellent cell viability was observed during the in vitro biocompatibility study for EtO-sterilized 30 wt% of HDPE/LC composite specimen, except for a report of mild cytotoxicity in the case of higher concentration (50 µL) of the MG-63 cell line. The results demonstrate the potential of the fabricated composite as a suitable biomaterial for medical implant applications.
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Tham DQ, Huynh MD, Linh NTD, Van DTC, Cong DV, Dung NTK, Trang NTT, Lam PV, Hoang T, Lam TD. PMMA Bone Cements Modified with Silane-Treated and PMMA-Grafted Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals: Preparation and Characterization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223860. [PMID: 34833161 PMCID: PMC8617905 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, vinyltrimethoxysilane-treated hydroxyapatite (vHAP) and PMMA-grafted HAP (gHAP) were successfully prepared from original HAP (oHAP). Three kinds of HAP (oHAP, vHAP and g HAP) were used as additives for the preparation of three groups of HAP-modified PMMA bone cements (oHAP-BC, vHAP-BC and gHAP-BC). The setting, bending and compression properties of the bone cements were conducted according to ISO 5833:2002. The obtained results showed that the maximum temperature while curing the HAP-modified bone cements (HAP-BCs) decreased from 64.9 to 60.8 °C and the setting time increased from 8.1 to 14.0 min, respectively, with increasing HAP loading from 0 to 15 wt.%. The vHAP-BC and gHAP-BC groups exhibited higher mechanical properties than the required values in ISO 5833. Electron microscopy images showed that the vHAP and gHAP nanoparticles were dispersed better in the polymerized PMMA matrix than the oHAP nanoparticles. FTIR analysis indicated the polar interaction between the PO4 groups of the HAP nanoparticles and the ester groups of the polymerized PMMA matrix. Thermal gravimetric analysis indicated that mixtures of ZrO2/HAPs were not able to significantly improve the thermal stability of the HAP-BCs. DSC diagrams showed that the incorporation of gHAP to PMMA bone cement with loadings lower than 10 wt.% can increase Tg by about 2.4 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Quang Tham
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (M.D.H.); (D.V.C.); (N.T.T.T.); (T.H.); (T.D.L.)
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mai Duc Huynh
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (M.D.H.); (D.V.C.); (N.T.T.T.); (T.H.); (T.D.L.)
| | - Nguyen Thi Dieu Linh
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
| | - Do Thi Cam Van
- Hanoi University of Industry, 298 Cau Dien, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
| | - Do Van Cong
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (M.D.H.); (D.V.C.); (N.T.T.T.); (T.H.); (T.D.L.)
| | - Nguyen Thi Kim Dung
- National Academy of Education Management, 31 Phan Dinh Giot, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
| | - Nguyen Thi Thu Trang
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (M.D.H.); (D.V.C.); (N.T.T.T.); (T.H.); (T.D.L.)
| | - Pham Van Lam
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
| | - Thai Hoang
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (M.D.H.); (D.V.C.); (N.T.T.T.); (T.H.); (T.D.L.)
| | - Tran Dai Lam
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (M.D.H.); (D.V.C.); (N.T.T.T.); (T.H.); (T.D.L.)
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9
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Janssen K, Mähler B, Rust J, Bierbaum G, McCoy VE. The complex role of microbial metabolic activity in fossilization. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:449-465. [PMID: 34649299 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria play an important role in the fossilization of soft tissues; their metabolic activities drive the destruction of the tissues and also strongly influence mineralization. Some environmental conditions, such as anoxia, cold temperatures, and high salinity, are considered widely to promote fossilization by modulating bacterial activity. However, bacteria are extremely diverse, and have developed metabolic adaptations to a wide range of stressful conditions. Therefore, the influence of the environment on bacterial activity, and of their metabolic activity on fossilization, is complex. A number of examples illustrate that simple, general assumptions about the role of bacteria in soft tissue fossilization cannot explain all preservational pathways: (i) experimental results show that soft tissues of cnidaria decay less in oxic than anoxic conditions, and in the fossil record are found more commonly in fossil sites deposited under oxic conditions rather than anoxic environments; (ii) siderite concretions, which often entomb soft tissue fossils, precipitate due to a complex mixture of sulfate- and iron reduction by some bacterial species, running counter to original theories that iron reduction is the primary driver of siderite concretion growth; (iii) arthropod brains, now widely accepted to be preserved in many Cambrian fossil sites, are one of the first structures to decay in taphonomic experiments, indicating that their fossilization processes are complex and influenced by bacterial activity. In order to expand our understanding of the complex process of bacterially driven soft tissue fossilization, more research needs to be done, on fossils themselves and in taphonomic experiments, to determine how the complex variation in microbial metabolic activity influences decay and mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Janssen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Medical Faculty, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bastian Mähler
- Paleontology Section, Institute of Geosciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jes Rust
- Paleontology Section, Institute of Geosciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele Bierbaum
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Medical Faculty, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Victoria E McCoy
- Department of Geosciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53211, U.S.A
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10
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Fang W, Ping H, Wagermaier W, Jin S, Amini S, Fratzl P, Sha G, Xia F, Wu J, Xie H, Zhai P, Wang W, Fu Z. Rapid collagen-directed mineralization of calcium fluoride nanocrystals with periodically patterned nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:8293-8303. [PMID: 33890949 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00789k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Collagen fibrils present periodic structures, which provide space for intrafibrillar growth of oriented hydroxyapatite nanocrystals in bone and contribute to the good mechanical properties of bone. However, there are not many reports focused on bioprocess-inspired synthesis of non-native inorganic materials inside collagen fibrils and detailed forming processes of crystals inside collagen fibrils remain poorly understood. Herein, the rapid intrafibrillar mineralization of calcium fluoride nanocrystals with a periodically patterned nanostructure is demonstrated. The negatively charged calcium fluoride precursor phase infiltrates collagen fibrils through the gap zones creating an intricate periodic mineralization pattern. Later, the nanocrystals initially filling the gap zones only expand gradually into the remaining space within the collagen fibrils. Mineralized tendons with organized calcium fluoride nanocrystals acquire mechanical properties (indentation elastic modulus ∼25.1 GPa and hardness ∼1.5 GPa) comparable or even superior to those of native human dentin and lamellar bone. Understanding the mineral growth processes in collagen may facilitate the development of tissue engineering and repairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road No. 122, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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11
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Lama M, Raveendranathan B, Brun J, Fernandes FM, Boissière C, Nassif N, Marcellan A. Biomimetic Tough Gels with Weak Bonds Unravel the Role of Collagen from Fibril to Suprafibrillar Self-Assembly. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2000435. [PMID: 33881218 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Biological tissues rich in type I collagen exhibit specific hierarchical fibrillar structures together with remarkable mechanical toughness. However, the role of collagen alone in their mechanical response at different structural levels is not fully understood. Here, it is proposed to rationalize such challenging interplay from a materials science perspective through the subtle control of this protein self-assembly in vitro. It is relied on a spray-processing approach to readily use the collagen phase diagram and set a palette of biomimetic self-assembled collagen gels in terms of suprafibrillar organization. Their mechanical responses unveil the involvement of mechanisms occurring either at fibrillar or suprafibrillar scales. Noticeably, both modulus at early stage of deformations and tensile toughness probe the suprafibrillar organization, while durability under cyclic loading and stress relaxation reflect mechanisms at the fibril level. By changing the physicochemical environment, the interfibrillar interactions are modified toward more biomimetic mechanical responses. The possibility of making tissue-like materials with versatile compositions and toughness opens perspectives in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Lama
- Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, F-75005, France.,Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Biravena Raveendranathan
- Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Julie Brun
- Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, F-75005, France.,Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Francisco M Fernandes
- Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Cédric Boissière
- Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Nadine Nassif
- Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Alba Marcellan
- Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris, F-75005, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1, rue Descartes, Paris, F-75005, France
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12
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Oosterlaken BM, Vena MP, de With G. In Vitro Mineralization of Collagen. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004418. [PMID: 33711177 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Collagen mineralization is a biological process in many skeletal elements in the animal kingdom. Examples of these collagen-based skeletons are the siliceous spicules of glass sponges or the intrafibrillar hydroxyapatite platelets in vertebrates. The mineralization of collagen in vitro has gained interest for two reasons: understanding the processes behind bone formation and the synthesis of scaffolds for tissue engineering. In this paper, the efforts toward collagen mineralization in vitro are reviewed. First, general introduction toward collagen type I, the main component of the extracellular matrix in animals, is provided, followed by a brief overview of collagenous skeletons. Then, the in vitro mineralization of collagen is critically reviewed. Due to their biological abundance, hydroxyapatite and silica are the focus of this review. To a much lesser extent, also some efforts with other minerals are outlined. Combining all minerals and the suggested mechanisms for each mineral, a general mechanism for the intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen is proposed. This review concludes with an outlook for further improvement of collagen-based tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernette Maria Oosterlaken
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven, MB, 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Paula Vena
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven, MB, 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbertus de With
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven, MB, 5600, The Netherlands
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13
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Antoniac IV, Antoniac A, Vasile E, Tecu C, Fosca M, Yankova VG, Rau JV. In vitro characterization of novel nanostructured collagen-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds doped with magnesium with improved biodegradation rate for hard tissue regeneration. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3383-3395. [PMID: 33817417 PMCID: PMC8005775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
New materials are required for bone healing in regenerative medicine able to temporarily substitute damaged bone and to be subsequently resorbed and replaced by endogenous tissues. Taking inspiration from basic composition of the mammalian bones, composed of collagen, apatite and a number of substitution ions, among them magnesium (Mg2+), in this work, novel composite scaffolds composed of collagen(10%)-hydroxyapatite (HAp)(90%) and collagen(10%)-HAp(80%)-Mg(10%) were developed. The lyophilization was used for composites preparation. An insight into the nanostructural nature of the developed scaffolds was performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Ray and Transmission Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Ray. The HAp nanocrystallite clusters and Mg nanoparticles were homogeneously distributed within the scaffolds and adherent to the collagen fibrils. The samples were tested for degradation in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) solution by soaking for up to 28 days. The release of Mg from collagen(10%)-HAp(80%)-Mg(10%) composite during the period of up to 21 days was attested, this composite being characterized by a decreased degradation rate with respect to the composite without Mg. The developed composite materials are promising for applications as bone substitute materials favouring bone healing and regeneration. Lyophilization process was used to obtain new composite scaffolds. Collagen(10%)-HAp(90%) and collagen(10%)-HAp(80%)-Mg(10%) scaffolds were developed. HAp nanocrystallites and Mg nanoparticles are embedded into collagen fibrils. Degradation in SBF attested the Mg release from composite during up to 21 days. Composite collagen(10%)-HAp(80%)-Mg(10%) scaffold can be applied as bone substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulian V Antoniac
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 6, 060042, Bucharest, Romania.,Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 5, 050094, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurora Antoniac
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 6, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eugeniu Vasile
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 6, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Tecu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 6, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marco Fosca
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Viktoriya G Yankova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical, Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Trubetskaya 8, Build. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Julietta V Rau
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical, Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Trubetskaya 8, Build. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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14
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Elashry MI, Baulig N, Wagner AS, Klymiuk MC, Kruppke B, Hanke T, Wenisch S, Arnhold S. Combined macromolecule biomaterials together with fluid shear stress promote the osteogenic differentiation capacity of equine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:116. [PMID: 33579348 PMCID: PMC7879632 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Combination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and biomaterials is a rapidly growing approach in regenerative medicine particularly for chronic degenerative disorders including osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. The present study examined the effect of biomaterial scaffolds on equine adipose-derived MSC morphology, viability, adherence, migration, and osteogenic differentiation. Methods MSCs were cultivated in conjunction with collagen CultiSpher-S Microcarrier (MC), nanocomposite xerogels B30 and combined B30 with strontium (B30Str) biomaterials in osteogenic differentiation medium either under static or mechanical fluid shear stress (FSS) culture conditions. The data were generated by histological means, live cell imaging, cell viability, adherence and migration assays, semi-quantification of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and quantification of the osteogenic markers runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression. Results The data revealed that combined mechanical FSS with MC but not B30 enhanced MSC viability and promoted their migration. Combined osteogenic medium with MC, B30, and B30Str increased ALP activity compared to cultivation in basal medium. Osteogenic induction with MC, B30, and B30Str resulted in diffused matrix mineralization. The combined osteogenic induction with biomaterials under mechanical FSS increased Runx2 protein expression either in comparison to those cells cultivated in BM or those cells induced under static culture. Runx2 and ALP expression was upregulated following combined osteogenic differentiation together with B30 and B30Str regardless of static or FSS culture. Conclusions Taken together, the data revealed that FSS in conjunction with biomaterials promoted osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. This combination may be considered as a marked improvement for clinical applications to cure bone defects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02146-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Elashry
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Nadine Baulig
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alena-Svenja Wagner
- Clinic of Small Animals, c/o Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michele C Klymiuk
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kruppke
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hanke
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Wenisch
- Clinic of Small Animals, c/o Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Arnhold
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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15
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Ou M, Huang X. Influence of bone formation by composite scaffolds with different proportions of hydroxyapatite and collagen. Dent Mater 2021; 37:e231-e244. [PMID: 33509634 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Composite scaffolds with different proportions of hydroxyapatite (HA) and collagen (COL) produced different bone induction results. OBJECTIVE To examine the composite scaffolds with optimal proportion of HA and COL to achieve earlier bone induction and maximum bone formation. METHODS Composite scaffolds with the HA/COL weight ratio of 7:3, 3:7, 5:5 and 9:1 were prepared, as HA powder was added to collagen solution at 130℃ for 48 h. Then, the composites with different proportions of HA/COL were implanted into the extraction socket of right upper central incisor of C57BL/6 J mice. The bone formation of the extraction socket was observed by Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson-trichrome (Masson) staining at 1 and 2 weeks after operation. Five weeks later, the bone formation of extraction socket was observed by micro computed tomography (micro-CT). After MC3T3-E1 cells were co-cultured with materials of different proportions for 3 days, the number of cells attached on the surface of the materials and entering the materials were counted, and the expression of osteogenic related genes (Runx2, Ocn. Osx and Alp) was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The composite scaffolds with different proportion of HA/COL with and without mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were implanted into the back of adult mice and cultured subcutaneously for 30 days, and observed histologically by HE and Masson staining. RESULTS After one week implantation with the composite HA/COL scaffolds with the weight ratio of 7:3, 3:7, 5:5 and 9:1, there was no new bone formation in the extraction socket in mouse. However, two weeks later, new bone was firstly observed in the tooth socket with the composite HA/COL scaffolds of 7:3. 5 weeks later, micro-CT scanning showed that the total amount of newly formed bone, trabecular width and bone mineral density of the HA/COL scaffolds of 7:3 were higher than the other HA/COL scaffolds (P < 0.05). After MC3T3-E1 cells were co-cultured with different composite HA/COL scaffolds for 3 days. The number of cells on the surface and inside of the HA/COL scaffolds of 7:3 was more than the other materials, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The expression levels of Ocn and Osx of MC3T3-E1 cells were also the highest in the HA/COL scaffolds of 7:3 (P < 0.01). Bone formation was observed in the composite HA/COL scaffold of 7:3 with BMMSCs subcutaneously in mouse for 30 days, while only osteoid formation was observed in the same scaffold without BMMSCs. but bone formation was not detected in the other proportions of the HA/COL scaffolds. SIGNIFICANCE Compared with other proportions of HA/COL, the composite HA/COL scaffolds of 7:3 has stronger ability to promote bone formation, recruit osteoblasts to attach and enter into the scaffolds, and promote the osteogenesis of BMMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Ou
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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16
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Sergi R, Bellucci D, Cannillo V. A Review of Bioactive Glass/Natural Polymer Composites: State of the Art. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E5560. [PMID: 33291305 PMCID: PMC7730917 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Collagen, gelatin, silk fibroin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, alginate, and cellulose are biocompatible and non-cytotoxic, being attractive natural polymers for medical devices for both soft and hard tissues. However, such natural polymers have low bioactivity and poor mechanical properties, which limit their applications. To tackle these drawbacks, collagen, gelatin, silk fibroin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, alginate, and cellulose can be combined with bioactive glass (BG) nanoparticles and microparticles to produce composites. The incorporation of BGs improves the mechanical properties of the final system as well as its bioactivity and regenerative potential. Indeed, several studies have demonstrated that polymer/BG composites may improve angiogenesis, neo-vascularization, cells adhesion, and proliferation. This review presents the state of the art and future perspectives of collagen, gelatin, silk fibroin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, alginate, and cellulose matrices combined with BG particles to develop composites such as scaffolds, injectable fillers, membranes, hydrogels, and coatings. Emphasis is devoted to the biological potentialities of these hybrid systems, which look rather promising toward a wide spectrum of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valeria Cannillo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.S.); (D.B.)
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17
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Grue BH, Vincent LC, Kreplak L, Veres SP. Alternate soaking enables easy control of mineralized collagen scaffold mechanics from nano- to macro-scale. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103863. [PMID: 32957181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of biologic scaffolds are critical to cellular interactions and hence functional response within the body. In the case of scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration, engineered scaffolds created by combining collagen with inorganic mineral are increasingly being explored, due to their favourable structural and chemical characteristics. Development of a method for controlling the mechanics of these scaffolds could lead to significant additional advantages by harnessing the intrinsic mechnotransduction pathways of stem cells via appropriate control of scaffold mechanical properties. Here we present a method for controlling the macroscale flexural modulus of mineralized collagen sheets, and the radial indentation modulus of the sheets' constituent collagen fibrils. Scaffolds were created starting with sheets of highly aligned, natively structured collagen fibrils, prepared via cryosectioning of decellularized tendon. Sheets underwent an alternate soaking mineralization procedure, with sequential exposure to citrate-doped calcium and carbonate-containing phosphate solutions, both of which included poly aspartic acid. The extent of scaffold mineralization was controlled via number of repeated mineralization cycles: 0 (unmineralized), 5, 10, and 20 cycles were trialed. Following scaffold preparation, ultrastructure, macroscale flexural modulus, and nanoscale indentation modulus were assessed. Surface architecture studied by SEM, and inspection of individual extracted fibrils by TEM and AFM confirmed that fibrils became increasingly laden with mineral as the number of mineralization cycles increased. Measurements of collagen fibril nanomechanics using AFM showed that the radial modulus of collagen fibrils increased linearly with mineralization cycles completed, from 215 ± 125 MPa for fibrils from unmineralized (0 cycle) scaffolds to 778 ± 302 MPa for fibrils from the 20 mineralization cycle scaffolds. Measurements of scaffold macromechanics via flexural testing also showed a linear increase in flexural modulus with increasing number of mineralization cycles completed, from 18 ± 7 MPa for the 5 cycle scaffolds to 156 ± 50 MPa for the 20 cycle scaffolds. The process detailed herein provides a way to create mineralized collagen scaffolds with easily controllable mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan H Grue
- Division of Engineering, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Luke C Vincent
- Division of Engineering, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Laurent Kreplak
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Samuel P Veres
- Division of Engineering, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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18
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Taghipour YD, Hokmabad VR, Del Bakhshayesh AR, Asadi N, Salehi R, Nasrabadi HT. The Application of Hydrogels Based on Natural Polymers for Tissue Engineering. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2658-2680. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190711103956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
:Hydrogels are known as polymer-based networks with the ability to absorb water and other body fluids. Because of this, the hydrogels are used to preserve drugs, proteins, nutrients or cells. Hydrogels possess great biocompatibility, and properties like soft tissue, and networks full of water, which allows oxygen, nutrients, and metabolites to pass. Therefore, hydrogels are extensively employed as scaffolds in tissue engineering. Specifically, hydrogels made of natural polymers are efficient structures for tissue regeneration, because they mimic natural environment which improves the expression of cellular behavior.:Producing natural polymer-based hydrogels from collagen, hyaluronic acid (HA), fibrin, alginate, and chitosan is a significant tactic for tissue engineering because it is useful to recognize the interaction between scaffold with a tissue or cell, their cellular reactions, and potential for tissue regeneration. The present review article is focused on injectable hydrogels scaffolds made of biocompatible natural polymers with particular features, the methods that can be employed to engineer injectable hydrogels and their latest applications in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Davatgaran Taghipour
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Nahideh Asadi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Tayefi Nasrabadi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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19
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Elaboration and Biocompatibility of an Eggshell-Derived Hydroxyapatite Material Modified with Si/PLGA for Bone Regeneration in Dentistry. Int J Dent 2019; 2019:5949232. [PMID: 31885588 PMCID: PMC6915137 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5949232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is the most commonly used biomaterial in modern bone regeneration studies because of its chemical similarity to bone, biocompatibility with different polymers, osteoconductivity, low cost, and lack of immune response. However, to overcome the disadvantages of HAp, which include fragility and low mechanical strength, current studies typically focus on property modification through the addition of other materials. Objective. To develop and evaluate the biocompatibility of a HAp material extracted from eggshells and modified with silicon (Si) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA). Materials and Methods. An in vitro experimental study in which a HAp material prepared from eggshells was synthesized by wet chemical and conventional chemical precipitation. Subsequently, this material was reinforced with Si/PLGA using the freezing/lyophilization method, and then osteoblast cells were seeded on the experimental material (HAp/Si/PLGA). To analyse the biocompatibility of this composite material, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) techniques were used. PLGA, bovine bone/PLGA (BB/PLGA), and HAp/PLGA were used as controls. Results. A cellular viability of 96% was observed for the experimental HAp/Si/PLGA material as well as for the PLGA. The viability for the BB/PLGA material was 90%, and the viability for the HAp/PLGA was 86%. Cell adhesion was observed on the exterior surface of all materials. However, a continuous monolayer and the presence of filopodia were observed over both external and internal surface of the experimental materials. Conclusions. The HAp/Si/PLGA material is highly biocompatible with osteoblastic cells and can be considered promising for the construction of three-dimensional scaffolds for bone regeneration in dentistry.
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20
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Wang SJ, Jiang D, Zhang ZZ, Chen YR, Yang ZD, Zhang JY, Shi J, Wang X, Yu JK. Biomimetic Nanosilica-Collagen Scaffolds for In Situ Bone Regeneration: Toward a Cell-Free, One-Step Surgery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1904341. [PMID: 31621958 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Current approaches to fabrication of nSC composites for bone tissue engineering (BTE) have limited capacity to achieve uniform surface functionalization while replicating the complex architecture and bioactivity of native bone, compromising application of these nanocomposites for in situ bone regeneration. A robust biosilicification strategy is reported to impart a uniform and stable osteoinductive surface to porous collagen scaffolds. The resultant nSC composites possess a native-bone-like porous structure and a nanosilica coating. The osteoinductivity of the nSC scaffolds is strongly dependent on the surface roughness and silicon content in the silica coating. Notably, without the use of exogenous cells and growth factors (GFs), the nSC scaffolds induce successful repair of a critical-sized calvarium defect in a rabbit model. It is revealed that topographic and chemical cues presented by nSC scaffolds could synergistically activate multiple signaling pathways related to mesenchymal stem cell recruitment and bone regeneration. Thus, this facile surface biosilicification approach could be valuable by enabling production of BTE scaffolds with large sizes, complex porous structures, and varied osteoinductivity. The nanosilica-functionalized scaffolds can be implanted via a cell/GF-free, one-step surgery for in situ bone regeneration, thus demonstrating high potential for clinical translation in treatment of massive bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jie Wang
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zheng-Zheng Zhang
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - You-Rong Chen
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zheng-Dong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Ji-Ying Zhang
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jia-Kuo Yu
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
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21
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Perumal RK, Gopinath A, Thangam R, Perumal S, Masilamani D, Ramadass SK, Madhan B. Collagen-silica bio-composite enriched with Cynodon dactylon extract for tissue repair and regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 92:297-306. [PMID: 30184754 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Development of biomaterials for tissue engineering applications is of great interest to meet the demand of different clinical requirements. The wound heal dressing biomaterials should necessarily contain well-defined therapeutic components and desirable physical, chemical and biological properties to support optimal delivery of therapeutics at the site of the wound. In this study, we developed collagen-silica wound heal scaffold incorporated with the extract of Cynodon dactylon, characterized and evaluated for its wound heal potential in vitro and in vivo against collagen (Col) and Collagen-silica (CS) scaffolds that served as controls. The prepared Collagen-Silica-Cynodon extract (CSCE) scaffold exhibits porous morphology with preferable biophysical, chemical, mechanical and mass transfer properties besides its controlled biodegradation at the wound site. Stability of CSCE was found to be better than that of native collagen due to intermolecular interactions between collagen and constituents of C. dactylon as confirmed by FTIR analysis. Notably, in vitro biocompatibility assay using DAPI and Rhodamine 123 staining demonstrated that the proliferation of NIH3T3 fibroblast cells was better for CSCE when compared to the Col and CS scaffolds. In vivo wound healing experiments with full-thickness excision wounds in wistar rat model demonstrated that the wounds treated with CSCE showed accelerated healing with enhanced collagen deposition when compared to wounds treated with Col and CS scaffolds, and these studies substantiated the efficacy of CSCE scaffold for treating wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arun Gopinath
- CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramar Thangam
- CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathiamurthi Perumal
- CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dinesh Masilamani
- CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Balaraman Madhan
- CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India.
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22
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Montalbano G, Fiorilli S, Caneschi A, Vitale-Brovarone C. Type I Collagen and Strontium-Containing Mesoporous Glass Particles as Hybrid Material for 3D Printing of Bone-Like Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E700. [PMID: 29710811 PMCID: PMC5978077 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering offers an alternative promising solution to treat a large number of bone injuries with special focus on pathological conditions, such as osteoporosis. In this scenario, the bone tissue regeneration may be promoted using bioactive and biomimetic materials able to direct cell response, while the desired scaffold architecture can be tailored by means of 3D printing technologies. In this context, our study aimed to develop a hybrid bioactive material suitable for 3D printing of scaffolds mimicking the natural composition and structure of healthy bone. Type I collagen and strontium-containing mesoporous bioactive glasses were combined to obtain suspensions able to perform a sol-gel transition under physiological conditions. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analyses confirmed the formation of fibrous nanostructures homogeneously embedding inorganic particles, whereas bioactivity studies demonstrated the large calcium phosphate deposition. The high-water content promoted the strontium ion release from the embedded glass particles, potentially enhancing the osteogenic behaviour of the composite. Furthermore, the suspension printability was assessed by means of rheological studies and preliminary extrusion tests, showing shear thinning and fast material recovery upon deposition. In conclusion, the reported results suggest that promising hybrid systems suitable for 3D printing of bioactive scaffolds for bone tissue engineering have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Montalbano
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Sonia Fiorilli
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Andrea Caneschi
- DIEF-Department of Industrial Engineering and RU INSTM, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via S. Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Chiara Vitale-Brovarone
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
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23
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Conductive vancomycin-loaded mesoporous silica polypyrrole-based scaffolds for bone regeneration. Int J Pharm 2018; 536:241-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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24
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Sonamuthu J, Samayanan S, Jeyaraman AR, Murugesan B, Krishnan B, Mahalingam S. Influences of ionic liquid and temperature on the tailorable surface morphology of F-apatite nanocomposites for enhancing biological abilities for orthopedic implantation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017. [PMID: 29519448 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This report has approached for the green synthesis of morphological controlled novel metal-doped fluorinated apatite/polymeric nanocomposites. The synthesized nanocomposites have investigated for hard tissue engineering and bone substitute applications. The selected fluoro ionic liquid explored the dual performances as fluorine precursor and as a soft template for the morphological development of apatite nanocomposite synthesis. The structural and surface studies (XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, EDS, AFM, HR-TEM & SAED) confirmed the crystalline and morphological changes of synthesized fluorohydroxyapatite nanostructures at two different reaction temperatures. The fluorinated apatite nanocomposites doped with silver for metal-doped composites, which have effective antibacterial efficacy and favorable biocompatibility. The silver-doped nanocomposites showed excellent antibacterial ability against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacterial pathogens with the uniform release of silver and fluorine ions. These antibacterial performances have systematically tested by the quantitative and qualitative methods. The rod-like fluorinated apatite nanocrystals promote cell adhesion and viability of human osteosarcoma (MG-63) cell lines and these studies compared with the sheet-like apatite nanocomposites. This type of biomedical apatite materials may be a promising material for orthopedic implant and regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jegatheeswaran Sonamuthu
- Advanced Green Chemistry Lab, Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvam Samayanan
- Laser and Sensor Application Laboratory, Pusan National University, Busan 609735, South Korea
| | - Anandha Raj Jeyaraman
- Functional Materials Division, CSIR - Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 630006, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Balaji Murugesan
- Advanced Green Chemistry Lab, Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bama Krishnan
- Advanced Green Chemistry Lab, Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundrarajan Mahalingam
- Advanced Green Chemistry Lab, Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.
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25
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Zhou G, Liu S, Ma Y, Xu W, Meng W, Lin X, Wang W, Wang S, Zhang J. Innovative biodegradable poly(L-lactide)/collagen/hydroxyapatite composite fibrous scaffolds promote osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7577-7588. [PMID: 29075116 PMCID: PMC5648310 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s146679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of an artificial bone graft which can promote the regeneration of fractures or diseased bones is currently the most challenging aspect in bone tissue engineering. To achieve the purpose of promoting bone proliferation and differentiation, the artificial graft needs have a similar structure and composition of extracellular matrix. One-step electrospinning method of biocomposite nanofibers containing hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles and collagen (Coll) were developed for potential application in bone tissue engineering. Nanocomposite scaffolds of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA), PLLA/HA, PLLA/Coll, and PLLA/Coll/HA were fabricated by electrospinning. The morphology, diameter, elements, hydrophilicity, and biodegradability of the composite scaffolds have been investigated. The biocompatibility of different nanocomposite scaffolds was assessed using mouse osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 in vitro, and the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of cells on different nanofibrous scaffolds were investigated. The results showed that PLLA/Coll/HA nanofiber scaffolds enhanced cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation, differentiation, mineralization, and gene expression of osteogenic markers compared to other scaffolds. In addition, the nanofibrous scaffolds maintained a stable composition at the beginning of the degradation period and morphology wastage and weight loss were observed when incubated for up to 80 days in physiological simulated conditions. The PLLA/Coll/HA composite nanofibrous scaffolds could be a potential material for guided bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sudan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
| | - Yanyan Ma
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
| | - Wenshi Xu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
| | - Wei Meng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
| | - Xue Lin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
| | - Wenying Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuxiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Abstract
This paper addresses the taphonomic processes responsible for fossil preservation in calcium phosphate, or phosphatization. Aside from silicification and rarer examples of carbonaceous compression, phosphatization is the only taphonomic mode claimed to preserve putative subcellular structures. Because this fossilization window can record such valuable information, a comprehensive understanding of its patterns of occurrence and the geochemical processes involved in the replication of soft tissues are critical endeavors. Fossil phosphatization was most abundant during the latest Neoproterozoic through the early Paleozoic, coinciding with the decline of non-pelletal phosphorite deposits. Its temporal abundance during this timeframe makes it a particularly valuable window for the study of early animal evolution. Several occurrences of phosphatization from the Ediacaran through the Permian Period, including Doushantuo-type preservation of embryo-like fossils and acritarchs, phosphatized gut tracts within Burgess Shale-type carbonaceous compressions, Orsten-type preservation of meiofaunas, and other cases from the later Paleozoic are reviewed. In addition, a comprehensive description of the geochemical controls of calcium phosphate precipitation from seawater is provided, with a focus on the rates of phosphate nucleation and growth, favorable nucleation substrates, and properties of substrate tissue and pore-fluid chemistry. It is hoped that the paleontological and geochemical summaries provided here offer a practical and valuable guide to the Neoproterozoic–Paleozoic phosphatization window.
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27
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Llusar M, Escuder B, López-Castro JDD, Trasobares S, Monrós G. Transcription of Nanofibrous Cerium Phosphate Using a pH-Sensitive Lipodipeptide Hydrogel Template. Gels 2017; 3:gels3020023. [PMID: 30920520 PMCID: PMC6318699 DOI: 10.3390/gels3020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel and simple transcription strategy has been designed for the template-synthesis of CePO₄·xH₂O nanofibers having an improved nanofibrous morphology using a pH-sensitive nanofibrous hydrogel (glycine-alanine lipodipeptide) as structure-directing scaffold. The phosphorylated hydrogel was employed as a template to direct the mineralization of high aspect ratio nanofibrous cerium phosphate, which in-situ formed by diffusion of aqueous CeCl₃ and subsequent drying (60 °C) and annealing treatments (250, 600 and 900 °C). Dried xerogels and annealed CePO₄ powders were characterized by conventional thermal and thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TG), and Wide-Angle X-ray powder diffraction (WAXD) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) techniques. A molecular packing model for the formation of the fibrous xerogel template was proposed, in accordance with results from Fourier-Transformed Infrarred (FTIR) and WAXD measurements. The morphology, crystalline structure and composition of CePO₄ nanofibers were characterized by electron microscopy techniques (Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy/High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM/HRTEM), and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy working in High Angle Annular Dark-Field (STEM-HAADF)) with associated X-ray energy-dispersive detector (EDS) and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy-Electron Energy Loss (STEM-EELS) spectroscopies. Noteworthy, this templating approach successfully led to the formation of CePO₄·H₂O nanofibrous bundles of rather co-aligned and elongated nanofibers (10⁻20 nm thick and up to ca. 1 μm long). The formed nanofibers consisted of hexagonal (P6₂22) CePO₄ nanocrystals (at 60 and 250 °C), with a better-grown and more homogeneous fibrous morphology with respect to a reference CePO₄ prepared under similar (non-templated) conditions, and transformed into nanofibrous monoclinic monazite (P21/n) around 600 °C. The nanofibrous morphology was highly preserved after annealing at 900 °C under N₂, although collapsed under air conditions. The nanofibrous CePO₄ (as-prepared hexagonal and 900 °C-annealed monoclinic) exhibited an enhanced UV photo-luminescent emission with respect to non-fibrous homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Llusar
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
| | - Beatriu Escuder
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
| | - Juan De Dios López-Castro
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Cádiz, c/República Saharahui s/n, Aptdo. 40, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Susana Trasobares
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Cádiz, c/República Saharahui s/n, Aptdo. 40, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Monrós
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
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28
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Hu C, Yu L, Wei M. Biomimetic intrafibrillar silicification of collagen fibrils through a one-step collagen self-assembly/silicification approach. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02935g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrafibrillar silicified collagen fibrils are successfully fabricated using a one-step collagen self-assembly/silicification approach, which better support osteoblast activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Hu
- Institute of Materials Science
- University of Connecticut
- Storrs
- USA
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Connecticut
- Storrs
- USA
| | - Mei Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Connecticut
- Storrs
- USA
- Institute of Materials Science
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29
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Electrochemical deposition of mineralized BSA/collagen coating. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 66:66-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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30
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Gautam CR, Kumar S, Biradar S, Jose S, Mishra VK. Synthesis and enhanced mechanical properties of MgO substituted hydroxyapatite: a bone substitute material. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10839c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nano-ceramic powder was synthesized successfully via microwave irradiation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. R. Gautam
- Advanced Glass and Glass Ceramic Research Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- University of Lucknow
- Lucknow-226007
- India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Advanced Glass and Glass Ceramic Research Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- University of Lucknow
- Lucknow-226007
- India
| | | | - Sujin Jose
- School of Physics
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai-625021
- India
| | - Vijay Kumar Mishra
- Department of Physics
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
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31
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Ray S, Thormann U, Sommer U, Khassawna TE, Hundgeburth M, Henß A, Rohnke M, Lips KS, Heiss C, Heinemann S, Hanke T, Dürselen L, Schnettler R, Alt V. Effects of macroporous, strontium loaded xerogel-scaffolds on new bone formation in critical-size metaphyseal fracture defects in ovariectomized rats. Injury 2016; 47 Suppl 1:S52-61. [PMID: 26768293 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1383(16)30013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
New bone formation was studied in a metaphyseal fracture-defect in ovariectomized rats stimulated by a plain and a strontium-enriched macroporous silica/collagen scaffold (ScB30 and ScB30Sr20) and a compact silica/collagen xerogel (B30). 45 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three different treatment groups: (1) ScB30 (n=15), (2) ScB30Sr20 (n=15), and (3) B30 (n=15). 12 weeks after bilateral ovariectomy and multi-deficient diet, a 4 mm wedge-shaped fracture-defect was created at the metaphyseal area of the left femur. A 7-hole T-shaped plate at the lateral aspect of the femur stabilized the bone and the defect was filled with ScB30, ScB30Sr20 or B30 subsequently. After six weeks, histomorphometrical analysis revealed a statistically significant higher bone volume/tissue volume ratio in the ScB30Sr20 group compared to ScB30 (p=0.043) and B30 (p=0.0001) indicating an improved formation of new bone by the strontium-enriched macroporous silica/collagen scaffold. Furthermore, immunohistochemical results showed increased expression of BMP2 and OPG and a decreased RANKL expression in the ScB30Sr20 group. This was further confirmed with the gene expression analysis where an increase in prominent bone formation markers (ALP, OCN, Runx2, Col1a1 and Col10a1) was seen. No material remnants were found in the scaffold group indicating an almost complete degradation process of the biomaterials. This is confirmed by ToF-SIMS analysis that did not detect any strontium in the ScB30Sr20 group neither in the defect nor in the surrounding tissue. Taken together, this study shows the stimulating effects of strontium through increased bone formation by up regulation of osteoanabolic markers. This work also indicates the importance of material porosity, geometry and biodegradability in bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seemun Ray
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Thormann
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany; Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg GmbH, Campus Giessen, Germany
| | - Ursula Sommer
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thaqif El Khassawna
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marvin Hundgeburth
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anja Henß
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marcus Rohnke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katrin S Lips
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Heiss
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany; Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg GmbH, Campus Giessen, Germany
| | - Sascha Heinemann
- Max-Bergmann-Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hanke
- Max-Bergmann-Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lutz Dürselen
- Institute for Trauma Surgery Research and Biomechanics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research Ulm, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schnettler
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany; Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg GmbH, Campus Giessen, Germany
| | - Volker Alt
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany; Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg GmbH, Campus Giessen, Germany.
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32
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Perumal S, Ramadass SK, Gopinath A, Madhan B, Shanmugam G, Rajadas J, Mandal AB. Altering the concentration of silica tunes the functional properties of collagen–silica composite scaffolds to suit various clinical requirements. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 52:131-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Shuai C, Huang W, Feng P, Gao C, Shuai X, Xiao T, Deng Y, Peng S, Wu P. Tailoring properties of porous Poly (vinylidene fluoride) scaffold through nano-sized 58s bioactive glass. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2015; 27:97-109. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1114286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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Vellayappan MV, Balaji A, Subramanian AP, John AA, Jaganathan SK, Murugesan S, Supriyanto E, Yusof M. Multifaceted prospects of nanocomposites for cardiovascular grafts and stents. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:2785-803. [PMID: 25897223 PMCID: PMC4396644 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s80121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death across the globe. The use of synthetic materials is indispensable in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Major drawbacks related to the use of biomaterials are their mechanical properties and biocompatibility, and these have to be circumvented before promoting the material to the market or clinical setting. Revolutionary advancements in nanotechnology have introduced a novel class of materials called nanocomposites which have superior properties for biomedical applications. Recently, there has been a widespread recognition of the nanocomposites utilizing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, bacterial cellulose, silk fibroin, iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes in cardiovascular grafts and stents. The unique characteristics of these nanocomposites have led to the development of a wide range of nanostructured copolymers with appreciably enhanced properties, such as improved mechanical, chemical, and physical characteristics suitable for cardiovascular implants. The incorporation of advanced nanocomposite materials in cardiovascular grafts and stents improves hemocompatibility, enhances antithrombogenicity, improves mechanical and surface properties, and decreases the microbial response to the cardiovascular implants. A thorough attempt is made to summarize the various applications of nanocomposites for cardiovascular graft and stent applications. This review will highlight the recent advances in nanocomposites and also address the need of future research in promoting nanocomposites as plausible candidates in a campaign against cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Vignesh Vellayappan
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Arunpandian Balaji
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Aruna Priyadarshini Subramanian
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Agnes Aruna John
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Saravana Kumar Jaganathan
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | | | - Eko Supriyanto
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Mustafa Yusof
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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In vitro and preliminary in vivo toxicity screening of high-surface-area TiO2–chondroitin-4-sulfate nanocomposites for bone regeneration application. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 128:347-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sarker B, Hum J, Nazhat SN, Boccaccini AR. Combining collagen and bioactive glasses for bone tissue engineering: a review. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:176-94. [PMID: 25116596 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Collagen (COL), the most abundant protein in mammals, offers a wide range of attractive properties for biomedical applications which are the result of its biocompatibility and high affinity to water. However, due to the relative low mechanical properties of COL its applications are still limited. To tackle this disadvantage of COL, especially in the field of bone tissue engineering, COL can be combined with bioactive inorganic materials in a variety of composite systems. One of such systems is the collagen-bioactive glass (COL-BG) composite family, which is the theme of this Review. BG fillers can increase compressive strength and stiffness of COL-based structures. This article reviews the relevant literature published in the last 15 years discussing the fabrication of a variety of COL-BG composites. In vitro cell studies have demonstrated the osteogenic, odontogenic, and angiogenic potential of these composite systems, which has been confirmed by stimulating specific biochemical indicators of relevant cells. Bony integration and connective tissue vessel formation have also been studied by implantation of the composites in vivo. Areas of future research in the field of COL-BG systems, based on current challenges, and gaps in knowledge are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bapi Sarker
- Institute of Biomaterials; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Cauerstrasse 6 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jasmin Hum
- Institute of Biomaterials; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Cauerstrasse 6 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Showan N. Nazhat
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering; McGill University; Montreal QC H3A 0C5 Canada
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Cauerstrasse 6 91058 Erlangen Germany
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Staicu T, Cîrcu V, Ioniţă G, Ghica C, Popa VT, Micutz M. Analysis of bimodal thermally-induced denaturation of type I collagen extracted from calfskin. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02708j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
DSC tracks of collagen in solution revealing a bimodal behaviour during its heat-induced denaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Staicu
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Bucharest
- Bucharest 030018
- Romania
| | - Viorel Cîrcu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Bucharest
- Bucharest 020464
- Romania
| | - Gabriela Ioniţă
- Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”
- Romanian Academy
- Bucharest 060021
- Romania
| | - Corneliu Ghica
- National Institute of Materials Physics
- Măgurele 077125
- Romania
| | - Vlad T. Popa
- Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”
- Romanian Academy
- Bucharest 060021
- Romania
| | - Marin Micutz
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Bucharest
- Bucharest 030018
- Romania
- Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”
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38
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Cheng C, Alt V, Pan L, Thormann U, Schnettler R, Strauss LG, Heinemann S, Schumacher M, Gelinsky M, Nies B, Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A. Application of F-18-sodium fluoride (NaF) dynamic PET-CT (dPET-CT) for defect healing: a comparison of biomaterials in an experimental osteoporotic rat model. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:1942-9. [PMID: 25317537 PMCID: PMC4210358 DOI: 10.12659/msm.891073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to measure and compare the effect of various biomaterials for the healing of osteoporotic bone defects in the rat femur using 18F-sodium fluoride dPET-CT. MATERIAL AND METHODS Osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomy and a calcium-restricted diet. After 3 months, rats were operated on to create a 4-mm wedge-shaped defect in the distal metaphyseal femur. Bone substitution materials of calcium phosphate cement (CPC), composites of collagen and silica, and iron foams with interconnecting pores were inserted. Strontium or bisphosphonate, which are well known for having positive effects in osteoporosis treatment, were added into the materials. Eighteen weeks after osteoporosis induction and 6 weeks following femoral surgery, dPET-CT studies scan were performed with 18F-Sodium Fluoride. Standardized uptake values (SUVs) and a 2-tissue compartmental learning-machine model (K1-k4, vessel density [VB], influx [ki]) were used for quantitative analysis. RESULTS k3, reflecting the formation of fluoroapatite, revealed a statistically significant increase at the biomaterial-bone interface due to the Sr release from strontium-modified calcium phosphate cement (SrCPC) compared to CPC, which demonstrated enhanced new bone formation. In addition, k3 as measured in the porous scaffold silica/collagen xerogel (Sc-B30), showed a significant increase based on Wilcoxon rank-sum test (p<0.05) as compared with monolithic silica/collagen xerogel (B30) in the defect region. Furthermore, ki, reflecting the net plasma clearance of tracer to bone mineral measured in the iron foam with coating of the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (Fe-BP), was enhanced as compared with plain iron foam (Fe) in the defect region. CONCLUSIONS k3 was the most significant parameter for the characterization of healing processes and revealed the best differentiation between the 2 different biomaterials. PET scanning using 18F-sodium fluoride seems to be a sensitive and useful method for evaluation of bone healing after replacement with these biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Cheng
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Alt
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg GmbH, Giessen, Germany
| | - Leyun Pan
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Thormann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg GmbH, Giessen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schnettler
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg GmbH, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ludwig G. Strauss
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sascha Heinemann
- Max-Bergmann-Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Schumacher
- Technische Universität Dresden, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Technische Universität Dresden, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
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Effect of temperature on surface tension and surface dilational rheology of type I collagen. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ma R, Tang S, Tan H, Qian J, Lin W, Wang Y, Liu C, Wei J, Tang T. Preparation, characterization, in vitro bioactivity, and cellular responses to a polyetheretherketone bioactive composite containing nanocalcium silicate for bone repair. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:12214-12225. [PMID: 25013988 DOI: 10.1021/am504409q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a nanocalcium silicate (n-CS)/polyetheretherketone (PEEK) bioactive composite was prepared using a process of compounding and injection-molding. The mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, and in vitro bioactivity of the composite, as well as the cellular responses of MC3T3-E1 cells (attachment, proliferation, spreading, and differentiation) to the composite, were investigated. The results showed that the mechanical properties and hydrophilicity of the composites were significantly improved by the addition of n-CS to PEEK. In addition, an apatite-layer formed on the composite surface after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days. In cell culture tests, the results revealed that the n-CS/PEEK composite significantly promoted cell attachment, proliferation, and spreading compared with PEEK or ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Moreover, cells grown on the composite exhibited higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, more calcium nodule-formation, and higher expression levels of osteogenic differentiation-related genes than cells grown on PEEK or UHMWPE. These results indicated that the incorporation of n-CS to PEEK could greatly improve the bioactivity and biocompatibility of the composite. Thus, the n-CS/PEEK composite may be a promising bone repair material for use in orthopedic clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200011, China
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Bialorucki C, Subramanian G, Elsaadany M, Yildirim-Ayan E. In situ osteoblast mineralization mediates post-injection mechanical properties of osteoconductive material. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 38:143-53. [PMID: 25051152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to understand the temporal relationship between in situ generated calcium content (mineralization) and the mechanical properties of an injectable orthobiologic bone-filler material. Murine derived osteoblast progenitor cells were differentiated using osteogenic factors and encapsulated within an injectable polycaprolactone nanofiber-collagen composite scaffold (PN-COL +osteo) to evaluate the effect of mineralization on the mechanical properties of the PN-COL scaffold. A comprehensive study was conducted using both an experimental and a predictive analytical mechanical analysis for mechanical property assessment as well as an extensive in vitro biological analysis for in situ mineralization. Cell proliferation was evaluated using a PicoGreen dsDNA quantification assay and in situ mineralization was analyzed using both an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and an Alizarin Red stain-based assay. Mineralized matrix formation was further evaluated using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and visualized using SEM and histological analyses. Compressive mechanical properties of the PN-COL scaffolds were determined using a confined compression stress-relaxation protocol and the obtained data was fit to the standard linear solid viscoelastic material mathematical model to demonstrate a relationship between increased in situ mineralization and the mechanical properties of the PN-COL scaffold. Cell proliferation was constant over the 21 day period. ALP activity and calcium concentration significantly increased at day 14 and 21 as compared to PN-COL -osteo with undifferentiated osteoblast progenitor cells. Furthermore, at day 21 EDS, SEM and von Kossa histological staining confirmed mineralized matrix formation within the PN-COL scaffolds. After 21 days, compressive modulus, peak stress, and equilibrium stress demonstrate significant increases of 3.4-fold, 3.3-fold, and 4.0-fold respectively due to in situ mineralization. Viscoelastic parameters calculated through the standard linear solid mathematical model fit to the stress-relaxation data also indicate improved mechanical properties after in situ mineralization. This investigation clearly demonstrates that in situ mineralization can increase the mechanical properties of an injectable orthobiologic scaffold and can possibly guide the design of an effective osteoconductive injectable material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callan Bialorucki
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Gayathri Subramanian
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Mostafa Elsaadany
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Eda Yildirim-Ayan
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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Biomimetic self-assembly of apatite hybrid materials: From a single molecular template to bi-/multi-molecular templates. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:744-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Pourdanesh F, Jebali A, Hekmatimoghaddam S, Allaveisie A. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a new nanocomposite, containing high density polyethylene, tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and magnesium oxide nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 40:382-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tas AC. The use of physiological solutions or media in calcium phosphate synthesis and processing. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1771-92. [PMID: 24389317 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This review examined the literature to spot uses, if any, of physiological solutions/media for the in situ synthesis of calcium phosphates (CaP) under processing conditions (i.e. temperature, pH, concentration of inorganic ions present in media) mimicking those prevalent in the human hard tissue environments. There happens to be a variety of aqueous solutions or media developed for different purposes; sometimes they have been named as physiological saline, isotonic solution, cell culture solution, metastable CaP solution, supersaturated calcification solution, simulated body fluid or even dialysate solution (for dialysis patients). Most of the time such solutions were not used as the aqueous medium to perform the biomimetic synthesis of calcium phosphates, and their use was usually limited to the in vitro testing of synthetic biomaterials. This review illustrates that only a limited number of research studies used physiological solutions or media such as Earle's balanced salt solution, Bachra et al. solutions or Tris-buffered simulated body fluid solution containing 27mM HCO3(-) for synthesizing CaP, and these studies have consistently reported the formation of X-ray-amorphous CaP nanopowders instead of Ap-CaP or stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) at 37°C and pH 7.4. By relying on the published articles, this review highlights the significance of the use of aqueous solutions containing 0.8-1.5 mMMg(2+), 22-27mM HCO3(-), 142-145mM Na(+), 5-5.8mM K(+), 103-133mM Cl(-), 1.8-3.75mM Ca(2+), and 0.8-1.67mM HPO4(2-), which essentially mimic the composition and the overall ionic strength of the human extracellular fluid (ECF), in forming the nanospheres of X-ray-amorphous CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cuneyt Tas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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45
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Jiao J, Lv P, Wang L, Cai Y, Liu P. The effects of structure of POSS on the properties of POSS/PMMA hybrid materials. POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Lv
- Department of Applied Chemistry; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Applied Chemistry; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 People's Republic of China
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46
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Hoyer B, Bernhardt A, Lode A, Heinemann S, Sewing J, Klinger M, Notbohm H, Gelinsky M. Jellyfish collagen scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:883-92. [PMID: 24184178 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Porous scaffolds were engineered from refibrillized collagen of the jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum for potential application in cartilage regeneration. The influence of collagen concentration, salinity and temperature on fibril formation was evaluated by turbidity measurements and quantification of fibrillized collagen. The formation of collagen fibrils with a typical banding pattern was confirmed by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis. Porous scaffolds from jellyfish collagen, refibrillized under optimized conditions, were fabricated by freeze-drying and subsequent chemical cross-linking. Scaffolds possessed an open porosity of 98.2%. The samples were stable under cyclic compression and displayed an elastic behavior. Cytotoxicity tests with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) did not reveal any cytotoxic effects of the material. Chondrogenic markers SOX9, collagen II and aggrecan were upregulated in direct cultures of hMSCs upon chondrogenic stimulation. The formation of typical extracellular matrix components was further confirmed by quantification of sulfated glycosaminoglycans.
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Kavitha K, Chunyan W, Navaneethan D, Rajendran V, Valiyaveettil S, Vinoth A. In vitro gene expression and preliminary in vivo studies of temperature-dependent titania–graphene nanocomposites for bone replacement applications. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03964e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To meet the demand for biomaterials due to increasing bone defects and damage, we sought to synthesize titania–graphene nanocomposites at different sintering temperatures and then optimize them to explore their potential applications in biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Kavitha
- Centre for Nano Science and Technology
- K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology
- Tiruchengode-637 215, India
| | - W. Chunyan
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- National University of Singapore
- , Singapore
| | - D. Navaneethan
- Centre for Nano Science and Technology
- K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology
- Tiruchengode-637 215, India
| | - V. Rajendran
- Centre for Nano Science and Technology
- K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology
- Tiruchengode-637 215, India
| | - Suresh Valiyaveettil
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- National University of Singapore
- , Singapore
| | - A. Vinoth
- Molecular Genetics and Breeding Laboratory
- Directorate of poultry Research
- Hyderabad-500 030, India
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Collagen hydrogels incorporated with surface-aminated mesoporous nanobioactive glass: Improvement of physicochemical stability and mechanical properties is effective for hard tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:9508-21. [PMID: 23928332 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Collagen (Col) hydrogels have poor physicochemical and mechanical properties and are susceptible to substantial shrinkage during cell culture, which limits their potential applications in hard tissue engineering. Here, we developed novel nanocomposite hydrogels made of collagen and mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (mBGns) with surface amination, and addressed the effects of mBGn addition (Col:mBG = 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2) and its surface amination on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the hydrogels. The amination of mBGn was shown to enable chemical bonding with collagen molecules. As a result, the nanocomposite hydrogels exhibited a significantly improved physicochemical and mechanical stability. The hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation of the Col-mBGn hydrogels were slowed down due to the incorporation of mBGn and its surface amination. The mechanical properties of the hydrogels, specifically the resistance to loading as well as the stiffness, significantly increased with the addition of mBGn and its aminated form, as assessed by a dynamic mechanical analysis. Mesenchymal stem cells cultivated within the Col-mBGn hydrogels were highly viable, with enhanced cytoskeletal extensions, due to the addition of surface aminated mBGn. While the Col hydrogel showed extensive shrinkage (down to ∼20% of initial size) during a few days of culture, the shrinkage of the mBGn-added hydrogel was substantially reduced, and the aminated mBGn-added hydrogel had no observable shrinkage over 21 days. Results demonstrated the effective roles of aminated mBGn in significantly improving the physicochemical and mechanical properties of Col hydrogel, which are ultimately favorable for applications in stem cell culture for bone tissue engineering.
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Lips KS, Kauschke V, Hartmann S, Thormann U, Ray S, Kampschulte M, Langheinrich A, Schumacher M, Gelinsky M, Heinemann S, Hanke T, Kautz AR, Schnabelrauch M, Schnettler R, Heiss C, Alt V, Kilian O. Podoplanin immunopositive lymphatic vessels at the implant interface in a rat model of osteoporotic fractures. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77259. [PMID: 24130867 PMCID: PMC3793947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Insertion of bone substitution materials accelerates healing of osteoporotic fractures. Biodegradable materials are preferred for application in osteoporotic patients to avoid a second surgery for implant replacement. Degraded implant fragments are often absorbed by macrophages that are removed from the fracture side via passage through veins or lymphatic vessels. We investigated if lymphatic vessels occur in osteoporotic bone defects and whether they are regulated by the use of different materials. To address this issue osteoporosis was induced in rats using the classical method of bilateral ovariectomy and additional calcium and vitamin deficient diet. In addition, wedge-shaped defects of 3, 4, or 5 mm were generated in the distal metaphyseal area of femur via osteotomy. The 4 mm defects were subsequently used for implantation studies where bone substitution materials of calcium phosphate cement, composites of collagen and silica, and iron foams with interconnecting pores were inserted. Different materials were partly additionally functionalized by strontium or bisphosphonate whose positive effects in osteoporosis treatment are well known. The lymphatic vessels were identified by immunohistochemistry using an antibody against podoplanin. Podoplanin immunopositive lymphatic vessels were detected in the granulation tissue filling the fracture gap, surrounding the implant and growing into the iron foam through its interconnected pores. Significant more lymphatic capillaries were counted at the implant interface of composite, strontium and bisphosphonate functionalized iron foam. A significant increase was also observed in the number of lymphatics situated in the pores of strontium coated iron foam. In conclusion, our results indicate the occurrence of lymphatic vessels in osteoporotic bone. Our results show that lymphatic vessels are localized at the implant interface and in the fracture gap where they might be involved in the removal of lymphocytes, macrophages, debris and the implants degradation products. Therefore the lymphatic vessels are involved in implant integration and fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Susanne Lips
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Vivien Kauschke
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Sonja Hartmann
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Thormann
- Department of Trauma Surgery Gießen, University Hospital of Gießen, Marburg, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Seemun Ray
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Langheinrich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, BG Trauma Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Schumacher
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sascha Heinemann
- Max-Bergmann-Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Material Science, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hanke
- Max-Bergmann-Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Material Science, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Reinhard Schnettler
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
- Department of Trauma Surgery Gießen, University Hospital of Gießen, Marburg, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Christian Heiss
- Department of Trauma Surgery Gießen, University Hospital of Gießen, Marburg, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Volker Alt
- Department of Trauma Surgery Gießen, University Hospital of Gießen, Marburg, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Olaf Kilian
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Zentralklinik, Bad Berka, Germany
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Weiher F, Schatz M, Steinem C, Geyer A. Silica Precipitation by Synthetic Minicollagens. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:683-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bm301737m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Weiher
- Faculty of
Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg,
Hans-Meerwein-Straße,
35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schatz
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular
Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077
Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Steinem
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular
Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077
Göttingen, Germany
| | - Armin Geyer
- Faculty of
Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg,
Hans-Meerwein-Straße,
35032 Marburg, Germany
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