1
|
Zhao M, Wu HM, Zhu Z, Wu JL, Kang WH, Sue HJ. Preparation of Polyethylene Nanocomposites Based on Polyethylene Grafted Exfoliated α-Zirconium Phosphate. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhen Zhao
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hong-Mao Wu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Polyolefin Department, Formosa Plastics Corporation, Mailiao, Yunlin County 63801, Taiwan
| | - Zewen Zhu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jen-Long Wu
- Polyolefin Department, Formosa Plastics Corporation, Mailiao, Yunlin County 63801, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hao Kang
- Polyolefin Department, Formosa Plastics Corporation, Mailiao, Yunlin County 63801, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jue Sue
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Depan D, Chirdon W, Khattab A. Morphological and Chemical Analysis of Low-Density Polyethylene Crystallized on Carbon and Clay Nanofillers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101558. [PMID: 34067958 PMCID: PMC8152291 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in carbon and clay-based nanofillers has grown in recent years. The crystallization behavior of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was studied using a variety of notable nanofillers used in engineering applications and prepared using a solution crystallization method. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide nano-platelets, clay (montmorillonite), and modified clay (surface-modified with trimethyl stearyl ammonium) were used to induce heterogeneous crystallization of LDPE. The crystallized LDPE samples, imaged using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, revealed different microstructures for each nanohybrid system, indicating these various nanofillers induce LDPE lamellae ordering. The underlying interactions between polymer and nanofiller were investigated using FTIR spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine crystallinity. This work examines how the differences in morphology and chemical structure of the nanofillers induce changes in the nucleation and growth of polymer crystals. These results will provide guidance on functional design of nano-devices with controlled properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Depan
- Institute of Materials Research and Innovation, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 43675, Lafayette, LA 70504-4130, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - William Chirdon
- Institute of Materials Research and Innovation, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 43675, Lafayette, LA 70504-4130, USA;
| | - Ahmed Khattab
- College of Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 43675, Lafayette, LA 70504-4130, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mirbaha H, Nourpanah P, Scardi P, D'incau M, Greco G, Valentini L, Bittolo Bon S, Arbab S, Pugno N. The Impact of Shear and Elongational Forces on Structural Formation of Polyacrylonitrile/Carbon Nanotubes Composite Fibers during Wet Spinning Process. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12172797. [PMID: 31480253 PMCID: PMC6747761 DOI: 10.3390/ma12172797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Wet spinning of polyacrylonitrile/carbon nanotubes (PAN/CNT) composite fibers was studied and the effect of spinning conditions on structure and properties of as-spun fibers influenced by the presence of CNTs investigated. Unlike PAN fibers, shear force had a larger effect on crystalline structure and physical and mechanical properties of PAN/CNT composite fibers compared to the elongational force inside a coagulation bath. Under shear force CNTs induced nucleation of new crystals, whereas under elongational force nucleation of new crystals were hindered but the already formed crystals grew bigger. To our knowledge, this key effect has not been reported elsewhere. At different shear rates, strength, Young’s modulus and strain at break of PAN/CNT as-spun fibers were improved up to 20% compared to PAN fibers. Application of jet stretch had less influence on physical and mechanical properties of PAN/CNT fibers compared to PAN fibers. However, the improvement of interphase between polymer chains and CNTs as a result of chain orientation may have contributed to enhancement of Young’s modulus of jet stretched composite fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Mirbaha
- Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 15875-4413 Tehran, Iran
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired & Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Parviz Nourpanah
- Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 15875-4413 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Paolo Scardi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Mirco D'incau
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Gabriele Greco
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired & Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Luca Valentini
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia and INSTM Research Unit, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Silvia Bittolo Bon
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia and INSTM Research Unit, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Shahram Arbab
- Advanced Textile Materials and Technology Research Institute, Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 15875-4413 Tehran, Iran
| | - Nicola Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired & Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy.
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
- Ket-Lab, Edoardo Amaldi Foundation, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Depan D, Khattab A, Simoneaux A, Chirdon W. Crystallization kinetics of high‐density and low‐density polyethylene on carbon nanotubes. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Depan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringInstitute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Louisiana at Lafayette Lafayette Louisiana
| | - Ahmed Khattab
- Laboratory for Composite Materials, Department of Industrial TechnologyCollege of Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette Lafayette Louisiana
| | - Austin Simoneaux
- Department of Chemical EngineeringInstitute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Louisiana at Lafayette Lafayette Louisiana
| | - William Chirdon
- Department of Chemical EngineeringInstitute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Louisiana at Lafayette Lafayette Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang P, Gulgunje P, Ghoshal S, Odeh IN, Verghese N, Kumar S. Effect of interfacial chemistry on crystallization of polypropylene/multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Po‐Hsiang Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Prabhakar Gulgunje
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Sushanta Ghoshal
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | | | | | - Satish Kumar
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu L, Huang YH, Xie DD, Chen LB, Chen R, Liu ZY, Yang W, Yang MB. Role of Controlled Diameter of Polyamide 6 (PA6) Fibers on the Formation of Interfacial Hybrid Crystal Morphology in HDPE/PA6 Microfibril Blend. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan-Hao Huang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan-Dan Xie
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Li-Bo Chen
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng-Ying Liu
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang X, Shan Y, Wei X, Zhong S, Huang Y, Yu H, Yang J. Polyethylene/silica nanorod composites with reduced dielectric constant and enhanced mechanical strength. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Yuxing Shan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Xiaonan Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Shengyuan Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Yawen Huang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composite and Functional MaterialsSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Hongtao Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Junxiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composite and Functional MaterialsSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hou Y, Chu F, Ma S, Hu Y, Hu W, Gui Z. Rapid Synthesis of Oxygen-Rich Covalent C 2N (CNO) Nanosheets by Sacrifice of HKUST-1: Advanced Metal-Free Nanofillers for Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:32688-32697. [PMID: 30178652 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A covalent oxygen-rich C2N (CNO) network derived from metal-organic framework (HKUST-1) was innovatively synthesized by a rapid and green microwave irradiation method. This method can produce CNO multilayers efficiently, which paves a way for practical application of the nanosheets. Structural characterization and synthesis processes of CNO nanosheets were investigated to further understand the key role of HKUST-1. The as-prepared CNO has a layered feature, which theoretically favors to improve flame retardancy and mechanical performance of polymers. Desirable results were obtained as expected: the fire safety, antitensile, and impact resistance of polylactic acid (PLA) were prominently enhanced after adding CNO nanosheets, which can be attributed to the excellent dispersion and compatibility. PLA/CNO nanocomposite was self-distinguished at 2 wt % content of CNO, whereas the tensile strength was increased more than 36% compared with that of pure PLA, as well as the impact strength. This work broadens the application fields of CNO and endows it a possibility of actual application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Fukai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Shicong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Weizhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Zhou Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang M, Li L, Zhou S, Tang R, Yang Z, Zhang X. Influence of CNTs on the Crystalline Microstructure and Ferroelectric Behavior of P(VDF-TrFE). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:10702-10710. [PMID: 30134096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the crystalline microstructure and ferroelectric behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride- co-trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)). X-ray analysis suggests that CNT can act as a template and direct the chain orientation of P(VDF-TrFE) crystals. In the presence of CNTs, the molecular chain axis ( c axis) of the β-phase crystal is oriented parallel to the long axis of CNTs. Moreover, we find that this templating effect did not cause a polymorph transition. For P(VDF-TrFE)/CNT composites, the crystallinity of P(VDF-TrFE) is slightly decreased. The orientation of the c axis induced by the templating effect of CNTs has a significant impact on the ferroelectric behavior of P(VDF-TrFE). As compared to a pure P(VDF-TrFE) film, the remnant polarization of the P(VDF-TrFE)/CNT composite is enhanced. Correspondingly, the piezoelectric property of the P(VDF-TrFE)/CNT composite shows a significant enhancement.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang PH, Sarkar S, Gulgunje P, Verghese N, Kumar S. Structure and rheological behavior of polypropylene interphase at high carbon nanotube concentration. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
11
|
Ren Y, Li Z, Allcock HR. Molecular Engineering of Polyphosphazenes and SWNT Hybrids with Potential Applications as Electronic Materials. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Technical University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Zhongjing Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Harry R. Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Agbolaghi S, Abbaspoor S, Abbasi F. A comprehensive review on polymer single crystals—From fundamental concepts to applications. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
13
|
Sheng J, Zhou S, Yang Z, Zhang X. Crystallization Behavior of Poly(ethylene oxide) in Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Array. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:3678-3685. [PMID: 29504758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of the presence of vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the orientation of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) lamellae and PEO crystallinity. The high alignment of carbon nanotubes acting as templates probably governs the orientation of PEO lamellae. This templating effect might result in the lamella planes of PEO crystals oriented along a direction parallel to the long axis of the nanotubes. The presence of aligned carbon nanotubes also gives rise to the decreases in PEO crystallinity, crystallization temperature, and melting temperature due to the perturbation of carbon nanotubes to the crystallization of PEO. These effects have significant implications for controlling the orientation of PEO lamellae and decreasing the crystallinity of PEO and thickness of PEO lamellae, which have significant impacts on ion transport in PEO/CNT composite and the capacitive performance of PEO/CNT composite. Both the decreased PEO crystallinity and the orientation of PEO lamellae along the long axes of vertically aligned CNTs give rise to the decrease in the charge transfer resistance, which is associated with the improvements in the ion transport and capacitive performance of PEO/CNT composite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhaohui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes , Tianjin Polytechnic University , Tianjin 300387 , China
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Maksimkin AV, Nematulloev SG, Chukov DI, Danilov VD, Senatov FS. Bulk Oriented UHMWPE/FMWCNT Films for Tribological Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E629. [PMID: 30965932 PMCID: PMC6418802 DOI: 10.3390/polym9110629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulk oriented films based on ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with a drawing ratio of 35 were prepared by using a low solvent concentration. Bulk oriented films were filled with fluorinated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (FMWCNTs). The structure of bulk oriented films on UHMWPE, which were manufactured at different stages of orientation, was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The addition of FMWCNTs at a concentration of 0.05 wt % in bulk oriented UHMWPE films led to an increase in the tensile strength by 10% (up to 1020 ± 23 MPa) compared to unfilled oriented films. However, the addition of FMWCNTs at a concentration of more than 0.5 wt % led to a decrease in tensile strength due to excessive accumulation of nanotubes and hindering of self-diffusion of UHMWPE macromolecules. The multiple increase in tensile strength, doubling the hardness, the formation of fibrillar structure, and the presence of carbon nanotubes led to a significant increase in tribological properties in bulk oriented films. Bulk oriented UHMWPE/1% FMWCNT films can be operated at a maximum contact pressure that is 18 times higher and exhibit a specific wear rate more than an order of magnitude and less than the traditional UHMWPE of isotropic structure. Bulk oriented UHMWPE/1% FMWCNT films have an extremely low dry coefficient of friction (COF) of 0.075 at a contact pressure of 31 MPa. The developed bulk oriented films can be used for manufacturing frictional surfaces for sliding bearings, or for acetabular cups for knee and hip endoprostheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey V Maksimkin
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow 119049, Russia.
- Tambov State Technical University, Tambov 392000, Russia.
| | | | - Dilyus I Chukov
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow 119049, Russia.
- Tambov State Technical University, Tambov 392000, Russia.
| | - Vladimir D Danilov
- Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 101990, Russia.
| | - Fedor S Senatov
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow 119049, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Polymer/Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) Nanocomposites Processing Using Additive Manufacturing (Three-Dimensional Printing) Technique: An Overview. FIBERS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/fib5040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
16
|
Zhou SY, Niu B, Xie XL, Ji X, Zhong GJ, Hsiao BS, Li ZM. Interfacial Shish-Kebabs Lengthened by Coupling Effect of In Situ Flexible Nanofibrils and Intense Shear Flow: Achieving Hierarchy To Conquer the Conflicts between Strength and Toughness of Polylactide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:10148-10159. [PMID: 28252280 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The challenge of hitherto elaborating a feasible pathway to overcome the conflicts between strength and toughness of polylactide (PLA) still remains among academia and industry. In the current work, a unique hierarchal structure of flexible poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) in situ nanofibrils integrating with abundant PLA shish-kebabs as a strong building block was disclosed and expresses its capability to conquer this dilemma. Substantially simultaneous enhancement on tensile strength, impact strength, and elongation at break could be achieved up to 91.2 MPa, 14.9 KJ/m2, and 15.7%, respectively, compared with pure PLA (61.5 MPa, 4.3 KJ/m2, and 6.2%). Through investigating the phase (and crystalline) morphology and molecular chain behavior in the PLA/PBAT system, the formation mechanism of this structure facilitated by a coupling effect of PBAT flexible phase and shear flow was definitely elucidated. The dispersed phase of PBAT would be more inclined to existing as a fibrillar form within the PLA matrix benefiting from low interfacial tension. Interestingly, this phase morphology with large specific surface area changes the crystallization behavior of PLA significantly, once introducing an intense shear flow (∼103 s-1), in situ shear-formed nanofibrils of PBAT would show strong coupling effect with shear flow on PLA crystallization: they can not only induce abundant shish-kebabs of PLA at its interfaces, which possesses lengthened shish and more densely arranged kebabs, but also further retard the relaxation of PLA chains through hysteretic relaxation of its PBAT phase, which can effectively prevent the collapse of established shish. Of immense significance is this particular hierarchical-architecture composed by flexible nanofibers (PBAT) and rigid shish-kebabs (PLA), which provides significant guidance for the simultaneous reinforcement and toughness of polymer materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yang Zhou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Ben Niu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Xu-Long Xie
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Xu Ji
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Gan-Ji Zhong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Benjamin S Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Green EC, Zhang Y, Li H, Minus ML. Gel-spinning of mimetic collagen and collagen/nano-carbon fibers: Understanding multi-scale influences on molecular ordering and fibril alignment. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 65:552-564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
18
|
Xu L, Huang L, Ye Z, Meng N, Shu Y, Gu Z. Polycyclopentene-Crystal-Decorated Carbon Nanotubes by Convenient Large-Scale In Situ Polymerization and their Lotus-Leaf-Like Superhydrophobic Films. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Xu
- Bharti School of Engineering; Laurentian University; 935 Ramsey Lake Rd Sudbury ON P3E 2C6 Canada
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; No. 18 Chaowang Rd Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Lingqi Huang
- Bharti School of Engineering; Laurentian University; 935 Ramsey Lake Rd Sudbury ON P3E 2C6 Canada
| | - Zhibin Ye
- Bharti School of Engineering; Laurentian University; 935 Ramsey Lake Rd Sudbury ON P3E 2C6 Canada
| | - Nan Meng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; No. 18 Chaowang Rd Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Yang Shu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Massachusetts; One University Ave Lowell MA 01854 USA
| | - Zhiyong Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Massachusetts; One University Ave Lowell MA 01854 USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tailoring Thermal Conductivity of Single-stranded Carbon-chain Polymers through Atomic Mass Modification. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34999. [PMID: 27713563 PMCID: PMC5054521 DOI: 10.1038/srep34999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tailoring the thermal conductivity of polymers is central to enlarge their applications in the thermal management of flexible integrated circuits. Progress has been made over the past decade by fabricating materials with various nanostructures, but a clear relationship between various functional groups and thermal properties of polymers remains to be established. Here, we numerically study the thermal conductivity of single-stranded carbon-chain polymers with multiple substituents of hydrogen atoms through atomic mass modification. We find that their thermal conductivity can be tuned by atomic mass modifications as revealed through molecular dynamics simulations. The simulation results suggest that heavy homogeneous substituents do not assist heat transport and trace amounts of heavy substituents can in fact hinder heat transport substantially. Our analysis indicates that carbon chain has the biggest contribution (over 80%) to the thermal conduction in single-stranded carbon-chain polymers. We further demonstrate that atomic mass modifications influence the phonon bands of bonding carbon atoms, and the discrepancies of phonon bands between carbon atoms are responsible for the remarkable drops in thermal conductivity and large thermal resistances in carbon chains. Our study provides fundamental insight into how to tailor the thermal conductivity of polymers through variable substituents.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang PH, Ghoshal S, Gulgunje P, Verghese N, Kumar S. Polypropylene nanocomposites with polymer coated multiwall carbon nanotubes. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
21
|
Alhumade H, Abdala A, Yu A, Elkamel A, Simon L. Corrosion inhibition of copper in sodium chloride solution using polyetherimide/graphene composites. CAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Alhumade
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Waterloo; Waterloo ON, N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Ahmed Abdala
- Department of Chemical Engineering; The Petroleum Institute; Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Aiping Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Waterloo; Waterloo ON, N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Ali Elkamel
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Waterloo; Waterloo ON, N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Leonardo Simon
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Waterloo; Waterloo ON, N2L 3G1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Extremely High Thermal Conductivity of Aligned Carbon Nanotube-Polyethylene Composites. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16543. [PMID: 26552843 PMCID: PMC4639725 DOI: 10.1038/srep16543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultra-low thermal conductivity of bulk polymers may be enhanced by combining them with high thermal conductivity materials such as carbon nanotubes. Different from random doping, we find that the aligned carbon nanotube-polyethylene composites has a high thermal conductivity by non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The analyses indicate that the aligned composite not only take advantage of the high thermal conduction of carbon nanotubes, but enhance thermal conduction of polyethylene chains.
Collapse
|
23
|
Nie M, Kalyon DM, Fisher FT. Reverse Kebab Structure Formed inside Carbon Nanofibers via Nanochannel Flow. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:10047-10055. [PMID: 26313253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The morphology of polymers inside a confined space has raised great interest in recent years. However, polymer crystallization within a one-dimensional carbon nanostructure is challenging due to the difficulty of polar solvents carrying polymers to enter a nonpolar graphitic nanotube in bulk solution at normal temperature and pressure. Here we describe a method whereby nylon-11 was crystallized and periodically distributed on the individual graphitic nanocone structure within hollow carbon nanofibers (CNF). Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction indicate that the nylon polymer is in the crystalline phase. A mechanism is suggested for the initiation of nanochannel flow in a bulk solvent as a prerequisite condition to achieve interior polymer crystallization. Selective etching of polymer crystals on the outer wall of CNF indicates that both surface tension and viscosity affect the flow within the CNF. This approach provides an opportunity for the interior functionalization of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers for applications in the biomedical, energy, and related fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Nie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology , Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Dilhan M Kalyon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology , Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Frank T Fisher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology , Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu S, Huang G, Wu J, Li H. Interfacial crystallization of low-crystallinity elastomer incorporated by multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Mechanical reinforcement, structural evolution and enhanced thermal stability. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siduo Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangsu Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Song K, Zhang Y, Minus ML. Polymer Interphase Self-Reinforcement and Strengthening Mechanisms in Low-Loaded Nanocomposite Fibers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Song
- Northeastern University; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering; 360 Huntington Avenue Boston MA 02115-5000 USA
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Northeastern University; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering; 360 Huntington Avenue Boston MA 02115-5000 USA
| | - Marilyn L. Minus
- Northeastern University; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering; 360 Huntington Avenue Boston MA 02115-5000 USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Luo Y, Santos FA, Wagner TW, Tsoi E, Zhang S. Dynamic Interactions between Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Marginal Solvent. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:6038-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jp503128v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Luo
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Franceska A. Santos
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Taylor W. Wagner
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Eric Tsoi
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Shanju Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Green EC, Zhang Y, Minus ML. Understanding the effects of nanocarbons on flexible polymer chain orientation and crystallization: Polyethylene/carbon nanochip hybrid fibrillar crystal growth. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Green
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering; Northeastern University; Boston Massachusetts 02115-5000
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering; Northeastern University; Boston Massachusetts 02115-5000
| | - Marilyn L. Minus
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering; Northeastern University; Boston Massachusetts 02115-5000
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xu JZ, Zhong GJ, Hsiao BS, Fu Q, Li ZM. Low-dimensional carbonaceous nanofiller induced polymer crystallization. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
29
|
Wu S, Li H, Huang G, Wu J. Nucleating effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene on the crystallization kinetics and melting behavior of olefin block copolymers. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01776e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
|
30
|
Chatterjee T, Krishnamoorti R. Rheology of polymer carbon nanotubes composites. SOFT MATTER 2013; 9:9515-9529. [PMID: 26029757 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm51444g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this review paper the rheology of polymer nanocomposites with dispersed carbon nanotubes is presented. The major factors controlling the rheology of these nanocomposites are the overall concentration of the nanotubes and their state of dispersion. Percolation of anisotropic nanotubes and the transition from isotropic to nematic structures bound the range of concentrations over which the rheological properties of these nanocomposites is dominated by the meso-scale structure and dispersion and are of significance to the processing of nanotube based polymer nanocomposites. The percolation threshold and the concentration for the isotropic to nematic transition are strong functions of the inverse of the effective aspect ratio of the dispersed nanotubes and therefore restrict the range of concentrations over which such nanocomposites can be deployed. In this review we briefly describe the rheology in the dilute regime, where especially for the case of polymer nanocomposites the rheology is dominated by that of the polymer. Subsequently, the percolation phenomenon and rheological significances are presented. Finally, both linear and non-linear rheologies of semi-dilute dispersions with random orientation of nanotubes are discussed in detail. Where possible, the rheological responses are contextualized through the underlying structure of the nanocomposites and interplay of different forces.
Collapse
|
31
|
Chien AT, Gulgunje PV, Chae HG, Joshi AS, Moon J, Feng B, Peterson G, Kumar S. Functional polymer–polymer/carbon nanotube bi-component fibers. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
32
|
Song K, Zhang Y, Meng J, Green EC, Tajaddod N, Li H, Minus ML. Structural Polymer-Based Carbon Nanotube Composite Fibers: Understanding the Processing-Structure-Performance Relationship. MATERIALS 2013; 6:2543-2577. [PMID: 28809290 PMCID: PMC5458960 DOI: 10.3390/ma6062543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Among the many potential applications of carbon nanotubes (CNT), its usage to strengthen polymers has been paid considerable attention due to the exceptional stiffness, excellent strength, and the low density of CNT. This has provided numerous opportunities for the invention of new material systems for applications requiring high strength and high modulus. Precise control over processing factors, including preserving intact CNT structure, uniform dispersion of CNT within the polymer matrix, effective filler–matrix interfacial interactions, and alignment/orientation of polymer chains/CNT, contribute to the composite fibers’ superior properties. For this reason, fabrication methods play an important role in determining the composite fibers’ microstructure and ultimate mechanical behavior. The current state-of-the-art polymer/CNT high-performance composite fibers, especially in regards to processing–structure–performance, are reviewed in this contribution. Future needs for material by design approaches for processing these nano-composite systems are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Song
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, 334 Snell Engineering Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, 334 Snell Engineering Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jiangsha Meng
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, 334 Snell Engineering Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Emily C Green
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, 334 Snell Engineering Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Navid Tajaddod
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, 334 Snell Engineering Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, 334 Snell Engineering Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Marilyn L Minus
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, 334 Snell Engineering Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu S, Liang Y, Quan Y, Dai K, Zheng G, Liu C, Chen J, Shen C. Electrospun isotactic polypropylene fibers: Self-similar morphology and microstructure. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
34
|
Dynamic imine chemistry assisted reaction induced hetero-epitaxial crystallization: Novel approach towards aromatic polymer/CNT nanohybrid shish-kebabs and related hybrid crystalline structures. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
35
|
Zhang Y, Song K, Meng J, Minus ML. Tailoring polyacrylonitrile interfacial morphological structure by crystallization in the presence of single-wall carbon nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:807-814. [PMID: 23286387 DOI: 10.1021/am302382m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve stress transfer between polymer matrixes and nanofillers, controlling the structure development in the interphase region during composite processing is a necessity. For polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) composites, the formation of the PAN interphase in the presence of the SWNT as a function of processing conditions is studied. Under these conditions, three distinct interfacial coating morphologies of PAN are observed on SWNT. In the semidilute polymer concentration regime subjected to shearing, PAN extended-chain tubular coatings are formed on SWNT. Dilute PAN/SWNT quiescent solutions subjected to cooling yields hybrid periodic shish-kebab structures (first observation for PAN polymer), and dilute PAN/SWNT quiescent solutions subjected to rapid cooling results in the formation of an irregular PAN crystalline coating on the SWNT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Zhang
- Northeastern University, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, 334 Snell Engineering Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chatterjee T, Mitchell CA, Hadjiev VG, Krishnamoorti R. Oriented Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes–Poly(ethylene oxide) Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301476r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tirtha Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
| | - Cynthia A. Mitchell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
| | - Viktor G. Hadjiev
- Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5002, United
States
| | - Ramanan Krishnamoorti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tao F, Bonnaud L, Auhl D, Struth B, Dubois P, Bailly C. Influence of shear-induced crystallization on the electrical conductivity of high density polyethylene carbon nanotube nanocomposites. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|