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Pani I, Sil S, Kaur R, Devi M, Pal SK. Dynamic Microparticle Assembly at the Interface of Chemoresponsive Liquid Crystal Droplets. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3780-3786. [PMID: 38407028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The confinement of liquid crystals (LCs) in spherical microdroplets results in exotic internal configurations and topological defects in response to physical and chemical stimuli. Recent exploration into the placement of colloids on the surface of LC microdroplets has led to the design of a new class of functional materials with patterned surface properties. It is established that the placement of a colloid on a LC droplet surface can pin the topological defect at the interface, thereby restricting changes in the LC configuration. Herein, we build upon the handful of reports published to provide a fundamental understanding of the colloid positioning in response to external stimuli. Using polystyrene (PS) colloids, we explored the dynamics of particle self-assembly in response to an interfacial enzymatic breakdown of poly-l-lysine by trypsin. We found that for a significant population of droplets, the positioning of the colloid is unaffected by the changes in the internal ordering of LC. Inspired by the new observations, we delved deeper to understand the role of interfacial stabilizers in modulating the preferential alignment of LC and the placement of colloidal microparticles. We also demonstrated that for a certain population of droplets, the positioning of the colloids remains unperturbed in response to multistep reversible adsorption of interfacial amphiphiles. Our findings reveal interesting possibilities of correlating the stimuli-responsive switching of internal configurations of LC with colloid placement on the particle-decorated LC droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Pani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Soma Sil
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rajwant Kaur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Manisha Devi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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Duong DST, Jang CH. Optical sensing of tetracycline concentration using a liquid crystal-based platform targeting the chelating properties of tetracycline. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1270:341459. [PMID: 37311612 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a liquid crystal (LC)-based assay for the real-time detection of tetracycline (Tc) was developed. The sensor was constructed by implementing an LC-based platform that utilized the chelating properties of Tc to target Tc metal ions. This design enabled Tc-dependent induction of changes in the optical image of the LC; these modifications could then be observed in real-time with the naked eye. The performance of the sensor in detecting Tc was investigated with various metal ions to identify the most effective metal ion for Tc detection. In addition, the selectivity of the sensor was evaluated using different antibiotics. A correlation between Tc concentration and the optical intensity of the LC optical images was established, which enabled the quantification of Tc concentrations. The proposed method can detect Tc concentrations with a detection limit as low as 2.67 pM. Tests were conducted on milk, honey, and serum samples, which demonstrated that the proposed assay is highly accurate and reliable. The high sensitivity and selectivity of the proposed method make it a promising tool for real-time Tc detection, with potential applications in fields ranging from biomedical research to agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong Song Thai Duong
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, San 65, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-City, Gyeonggi-Do, 461-701, South Korea.
| | - Chang-Hyun Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, San 65, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-City, Gyeonggi-Do, 461-701, South Korea.
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Rouhbakhsh Z, Huang JW, Ho TY, Chen CH. Liquid crystal-based chemical sensors and biosensors: From sensing mechanisms to the variety of analytical targets. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Zhan X, Liu Y, Yang KL, Luo D. State-of-the-Art Development in Liquid Crystal Biochemical Sensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:577. [PMID: 36004973 PMCID: PMC9406035 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As an emerging stimuli-responsive material, liquid crystal (LC) has attracted great attentions beyond display applications, especially in the area of biochemical sensors. Its high sensitivity and fast response to various biological or chemical analytes make it possible to fabricate a simple, real-time, label-free, and cost-effective LC-based detection platform. Advancements have been achieved in the development of LC-based sensors, both in fundamental research and practical applications. This paper briefly reviews the state-of-the-art research on LC sensors in the biochemical field, from basic properties of LC material to the detection mechanisms of LC sensors that are categorized into LC-solid, LC-aqueous, and LC droplet platforms. In addition, various analytes detected by LCs are presented as a proof of the application value, including metal ions, nucleic acids, proteins, glucose, and some toxic chemical substances. Furthermore, a machine-learning-assisted LC sensing platform is realized to provide a foundation for device intelligence and automatization. It is believed that a portable, convenient, and user-friendly LC-based biochemical sensing device will be achieved in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyun Zhan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Road 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Road 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kun-Lin Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Road 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
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Duong DST, Jang CH. Determination of chlorothalonil levels through inhibitory effect on papain activity at protein-decorated liquid crystal interfaces. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:292. [PMID: 35879491 PMCID: PMC9313939 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A liquid crystal (LC)-based assay was developed to detect chlorothalonil (CHL). The detection principle is based on (i) the electrostatic interaction between the positively charged protein protamine (PRO) with the negatively charged phospholipid dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) sodium salt (DOPG) and (ii) the CHL-mediated inhibition of papain (PAP) activity. The aqueous/LC interface was decorated with a monolayer of DOPG and PRO that self-assembled via electrostatic interactions. PAP can hydrolyze PRO, resulting in the realignment of an LC by DOPG, inducing a shift in the LC response from bright to dark. The addition of CHL can inhibit the activity of PAP, leading to the attraction of PRO to DOPG and the consequent disruption of the LC orientation. The orientation change of the LC in the presence or absence of CHL can be observed from the changes in its optical appearance using a polarized light microscope. Under optimal conditions, the developed assay achieved a detection limit of 0.196 pg mL-1 within a range of determination of 0.65-200 pg mL-1. The selectivity of the assay was verified in the presence of carbendazim and imidacloprid. The practical application of the proposed assay was demonstrated by its use to determine the levels of CHL in food extracts and environmental samples, which yielded recoveries and relative standard deviations (RSD) in the ranges of 87.39-99.663% and 1.03-6.32%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong Song Thai Duong
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, San 65, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-City, Gyeonggi-Do, 461-701, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, San 65, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-City, Gyeonggi-Do, 461-701, South Korea.
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Development and Application of Liquid Crystals as Stimuli-Responsive Sensors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041453. [PMID: 35209239 PMCID: PMC8877457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This focused review presents various approaches or formats in which liquid crystals (LCs) have been used as stimuli-responsive sensors. In these sensors, the LC molecules adopt some well-defined arrangement based on the sensor composition and the chemistry of the system. The sensor usually consists of a molecule or functionality in the system that engages in some form of specific interaction with the analyte of interest. The presence of analyte brings about the specific interaction, which then triggers an orientational transition of the LC molecules, which is optically discernible via a polarized optical image that shows up as dark or bright, depending on the orientation of the LC molecules in the system (usually a homeotropic or planar arrangement). The various applications of LCs as biosensors for glucose, protein and peptide detection, biomarkers, drug molecules and metabolites are extensively reviewed. The review also presents applications of LC-based sensors in the detection of heavy metals, anionic species, gases, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), toxic substances and in pH monitoring. Additionally discussed are the various ways in which LCs have been used in the field of material science. Specific attention has been given to the sensing mechanism of each sensor and it is important to note that in all cases, LC-based sensing involves some form of orientational transition of the LC molecules in the presence of a given analyte. Finally, the review concludes by giving future perspectives on LC-based sensors.
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8
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Khan M, Liu S, Qi L, Ma C, Munir S, Yu L, Hu Q. Liquid crystal-based sensors for the detection of biomarkers at the aqueous/LC interface. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yin F, Cheng S, Liu S, Ma C, Wang L, Zhao R, Lin JM, Hu Q. A portable digital optical kanamycin sensor developed by surface-anchored liquid crystal droplets. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126601. [PMID: 34265652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is an increase in demand to develop simple, convenient, and low-cost approaches for rapid and label-free detection of antibiotics. Herein, we propose a new principle for the detection of kanamycin using the surface-anchored liquid crystal (LC) droplets. The optical images of the LC droplets uniformly change from four-clover, uniformly dark, and dark cross appearance gradually with the increase of surfactant concentration. The detection of kanamycin is fulfilled with the aid of a cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and a kanamycin aptamer. The LC droplets show uniformly dark appearance and four-clover appearance in the presence of the aqueous solutions of CTAB and CTAB/aptamer complex, respectively. However, the specific binding of kanamycin to its aptamer can release the CTAB, which induces the uniformly dark appearance of the LC droplets. A portable device is built to measure the optical luminance of the LC droplets. This system can detect kanamycin with a concentration below 0.1 ng/mL (~0.17 nM) and also allows the detection of kanamycin in real samples such as milk and honey. Therefore, it is very promising in the development of new types of LC-based sensors by the surface-anchored LC droplets assisted with a portable optical device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchao Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, PR China; Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instrument of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Supan Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, PR China; Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instrument of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Shuya Liu
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instrument of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Chunxia Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, PR China; Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instrument of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Rusong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instrument of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, PR China; Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instrument of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250014, PR China.
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Ping J, Wu W, Qi L, Liu J, Liu J, Zhao B, Wang Q, Yu L, Lin JM, Hu Q. Hydrogel-assisted paper-based lateral flow sensor for the detection of trypsin in human serum. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 192:113548. [PMID: 34385014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The detection of trypsin and its inhibitor is significantly important for both clinical diagnosis and disease treatment. Herein, we demonstrate a hydrogel-assisted paper-based lateral flow sensor for the detection of trypsin and its inhibitor for the first time. The gelatin hydrogel is hydrolyzed based on the gel-to-sol transition in the presence of trypsin, which results in the release of the trapped water molecules in the gelatin hydrogel. By placing one end of a pH indicator strip onto the hydrolyzed gelatin hydrogel, water is flowing along the pH indicator strip. However, in the absence of trypsin, water cannot flow along the pH indicator strip as the water molecules are trapped in the gelatin hydrogel. The detection limit of the system reaches as low as 1.0 × 10-6 mg/mL, and it is also applied to the quantitative detection of trypsin in human serum. In addition, the detection of a clinical drug aprotinin that is an inhibitor of trypsin is also successfully achieved. Noteworthy, only the gelatin hydrogel, pH indicator strip, and PS substrate are needed to fulfill the detection of trypsin without the need of other chemicals or reagents. Overall, we develop a particularly simple, elegant, robust, competitive, high-throughput, and low-cost approach for the rapid and label-free detection of trypsin and its inhibitor, which is very promising in the development of commercial products for sensing, diagnostic, and pharmaceutical applications. Besides, the hydrogel-assisted paper-based lateral flow sensor can also be employed to detect other analytes of interest by use of different stimuli-responsive hydrogel systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Ping
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wenli Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Lubin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jinpeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Binglu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Quanbo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.
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Huang H, Li J, Pan S, Wang H, Liang A, Jiang Z. A novel small molecular liquid crystal catalytic amplification-nanogold SPR aptamer absorption assay for trace oxytetracycline. Talanta 2021; 233:122528. [PMID: 34215031 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) have been applied for a long time in the field of analytical chemistry. To date, there are no reports about utilization of LCs as the catalyst to amplification analytical signal. In this article, three small molecules LCs in water aqueous solutions were characterized using molecular spectra and particle size analysis. The characterization indicated that there are nanoparticles in the system. Among the them, 4-heptylbenzoic acid (HPB) exhibits the most sensitive performance in the analytical system based on the reduction of HAuCl4 to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by NaH2PO2 by the spectrophotometric slope evaluation procedure. As the concentration of LCs catalyst increases, the AuNPs surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption peak at 550 nm increases linearly, that can be utilized to amply the absorption signal. Based on the LCs catalytic amplification reaction and immunoreaction, a new SPR spectrophotometric analysis method was developed for the label-free detection of oxytetracycline, with a detection limit of 0.50 ng/mL. The method was also successfully applied for the detection of oxytetracycline-spiked environmental water samples to demonstrate its practical usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Siqi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Haolin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Aihui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Zhiliang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
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A Cationic Surfactant-Decorated Liquid Crystal-Based Aptasensor for Label-Free Detection of Malathion Pesticides in Environmental Samples. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11030092. [PMID: 33806721 PMCID: PMC8004806 DOI: 10.3390/bios11030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report a liquid crystal (LC)-based aptasensor for the detection of malathion using a cationic surfactant-decorated LC interface. In this method, LCs displayed dark optical images when in contact with aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) solution due to the formation of a self-assembled CTAB monolayer at the aqueous/LC interface, which induced the homeotropic orientation of LCs. With the addition of malathion aptamer, the homeotropic orientation of LCs changed to a planar one due to the interactions between CTAB and the aptamer, resulting in a bright optical image. In the presence of malathion, the formation of aptamer-malathion complexes caused a conformational change of the aptamers, thereby weakening the interactions between CTAB and the aptamers. Therefore, CTAB is free to induce a homeotropic ordering of the LCs, which corresponds to a dark optical image. The developed sensor exhibited high specificity for malathion determination and a low detection limit of 0.465 nM was achieved. Moreover, the proposed biosensor was successfully applied to detect malathion in tap water, river water, and apple samples. The proposed LC-based aptasensor is a simple, rapid, and convenient platform for label-free monitoring of malathion in environmental samples.
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Detection of bleomycin and its hydrolase by the cationic surfactant-doped liquid crystal-based sensing platform. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1150:338247. [PMID: 33583545 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bleomycin (BLM) is a broadly used antibiotic to treat different types of cancer. It can be hydrolyzed by bleomycin hydrolase (BLMH), which eventually influences the anti-tumor efficacy of BLM. Therefore, it is particularly important to detect BLM and BLMH. Herein, we demonstrated highly sensitive detection of BLM and BLMH by a simple and convenient liquid crystal (LC)-based sensing platform for the first time. 5CB (a nematic LC) doped with the cationic surfactant OTAB was working as the sensing platform. When the OTAB-laden 5CB interface was in contact with an aqueous solution of ssDNA, LCs displayed a bright image due to disruption of the arrangement of OTAB monolayers by ssDNA, indicating the planar orientation of LCs at the aqueous/LC interface. When BLM·Fe(II) and ssDNA were both present in the aqueous solution, ssDNA underwent irreversible cleavage, which prevented disruption of the arrangement of OTAB monolayers. Accordingly, LCs showed a dark image, suggesting the homeotropic orientation of LCs at the aqueous/LC interface. However, when BLM·Fe(II) was enzymatically hydrolyzed by BLMH, LCs remained the bright image. This approach showed high sensitivity for the detection of BLM and BLMH with the limits of detection of 0.2 nM and 0.3 ng/mL, respectively. Besides, the detection of BLM and BLMH was successfully achieved in human serum. This method has the advantages of high sensitivity, robust stability, simple operation, low cost, and easy detection through naked eyes, which makes it a potential candidate for applications in clinical analysis.
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Hong PTK, Jang CH. Simple, sensitive technique for α-amylase detection facilitated by liquid crystal-based microcapillary sensors. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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ZHANG RH, HU QZ, KANG Q, QI LB, PANG YP, YU L. Research on Competitive Enzymatic Hydrolysis-Assisted Liquid Crystal-based Acetylcholine Sensor. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(20)60081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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An acetylcholinesterase-based biosensor for the detection of pesticides using liquid crystals confined in microcapillaries. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 200:111587. [PMID: 33529929 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate a capillary-sensing platform based on liquid crystals (LCs) confined in microcapillaries for simple and sensitive detection of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and its inhibitors. LC droplets were formed through sequential injection of LCs and an aqueous solution into trichloro(octyl)silane (OTS)-treated microcapillaries. When the confined LC droplets make contact with a cationic surfactant solution, myristoylcholine chloride (Myr), the formation of a Myr monolayer at the aqueous/LC interface induces a horizontal orientation of the LCs at the interface along the microcapillary, producing an optical LC droplet texture of a four-petal shape. On the other hand, AChE can catalyze the hydrolysis of Myr into choline and myristic acid. The hydrolyzed Myr is unable to form a monolayer at the aqueous/LC interface, and therefore the confined LC droplets exhibit two bright-lined optical images when in contact with the pre-incubated mixture of Myr and AChE, corresponding to the homeotropic orientation of LCs at the interface. However, in the presence of AChE-inhibiting pesticides, such as fenobucarb and malathion, the activity of AChE is inhibited, and thus, the enzymatic hydrolysis of Myr cannot occur. As a result, the confined LC droplets present the four petal-shaped optical images when in contact with the pre-incubated mixture of Myr, AChE, and pesticides. Based on this principle, an LC-based microcapillary sensor was developed and utilized for the detection of pesticides. Using this sensing platform, fenobucarb and malathion were detected at limits of 5 pg/mL and 2.5 pg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the proposed biosensor was successfully applied to the determination of pesticides in real river water. Therefore, this LC-based microcapillary sensor is a promising platform for simple, rapid, and label-free detection of pesticides with very high sensitivity.
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Fu Y, Liu L, Li X, Chen H, Wang Z, Yang W, Zhang H, Zhang H. Peptide modified manganese-doped iron oxide nanoparticles as a sensitive fluorescence nanosensor for non-invasive detection of trypsin activity in vitro and in vivo. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2213-2220. [PMID: 35424166 PMCID: PMC8693661 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08171j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, a fluorescence turn-on nanosensor (MnIO@pep-FITC) has been proposed for detecting trypsin activity in vitro and in vivo through covalently immobilizing an FITC modified peptide substrate of trypsin (pep-FITC) on manganese-doped iron oxide nanoparticle (MnIO NP) surfaces via a polyethylene glycol (PEG) crosslinker. The conjugation of pep-FITC with MnIO NPs results in the quenching of FITC fluorescence. After trypsin cleavage, the FITC moiety is released from the MnIO NP surface, leading to a remarkable recovery of FITC fluorescence signal. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the recovery ratio of FITC fluorescence intensity is linearly dependent on the trypsin concentration in the range of 2 to 100 ng mL-1 in buffer and intracellular trypsin in the lysate of 5 × 102 to 1 × 104 HCT116 cells per mL, respectively. The detection limit of trypsin is 0.6 ng mL-1 in buffer or 359 cells per mL HCT116 cell lysate. The MnIO@pep-FITC is successfully employed to noninvasively monitor trypsin activity in the ultrasmall (ca. 4.9 mm3 in volume) BALB/c nude mouse-bearing HCT116 tumor by in vivo fluorescence imaging with external magnetic field assistance, demonstrating that it has excellent practicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China +86-431-85262243 +86-431-85262757
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
| | - Hongda Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China +86-431-85262243 +86-431-85262757
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China +86-431-85262243 +86-431-85262757
| | - Wensheng Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China +86-431-85262243 +86-431-85262757
| | - Huimao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
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Huang X, Ye Z, Shang Y, He Y, Meng H, Dong Y, Qu Z, Liu Y, Xu S, Liu H. Effect of Single/Mixed Surfactant Systems on Orientations of Liquid Crystals and Interaction of Proteins with Surfactants at Fluid Interfaces. Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of single surfactant systems, i.e, quaternary ammonium-based gemini surfactants with different spacers and alkyl chain lengths (m-n-m; m=12, n=2, 3, 4, 6; n=3, m=12, 14, 16), halogen-free surface-active ionic liquid (HF-SAILs) with different symmetries ([Cnmim][C12H25SO4]; n=6, 8, 10, 12), and single-chain cationic surfactants including 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C12mim]Br) and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), along with certain combinations of different surfactants (12-3-12/[C12mim]Br and 12-3-12/DTAB) were applied to an aqueous/liquid crystal interface (ALI). All the surfactants could induce an orientational transition of liquid crystals (LCs) from a planar to homeotropic state, which caused a bright-to-dark optical shift. It was proved that double-chain surfactants and the mixed surfactants inclined to adsorb at the ALI triggering the orientational transition. Inspiringly, a quicker and more sensitive dark-to-bright optical response was observed for mixed surfactant system-decorated interfaces in contact with proteins (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), lysozyme, and trypsin) as opposed to the single surfactant systems. The ALI decorated by the 12-3-12/[C12mim]Br system was particularly efficient and exhibited the most sensitive optical response for BSA (0.01ngmL−1). The order parameters (SCD) of surfactants tails at the interface and the free energy of proteins with 12-3-12 and [C12mim]Br were calculated, respectively. The results explain that the 12-3-12/[C12mim]Br-laden ALI shows a quicker and more sensitive optical response for BSA. This work inspired us to study mixed surfactant systems-decorated LC interfaces and further provides new insights for different chemical and biological applications.
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A label-free liquid crystal droplet-based sensor used to detect lead ions using single-stranded DNAzyme. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Qi L, Liu S, Jiang Y, Lin JM, Yu L, Hu Q. Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Tumor Markers in Blood by Functional Liquid Crystal Sensors Assisted with Target-Induced Dissociation of Aptamer. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3867-3873. [PMID: 32069024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiplex detection of tumor markers in blood with high specificity and high sensitivity is critical to cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy for simultaneous detection of multiple tumor markers in blood by functional liquid crystal (LC) sensors assisted with target-induced dissociation (TID) of an aptamer for the first time. Magnetic beads (MBs) coated with an aptamer (apt1) are employed to specifically capture target proteins in blood. After incubation of the obtained protein-coated MBs with duplexes of another aptamer (apt2) and signal DNA, sandwich complexes of apt1/protein/apt2 are formed on the MBs due to specific recognition of target proteins by apt2, which induces release of signal DNA into the aqueous solution. Subsequently, signal DNA is specifically recognized by highly sensitive DNA-laden LC sensors. Using this strategy, a 3D printed optical cell was employed to enable simultaneous detection of multiple tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and prostate specific antigen (PSA) with high specificity and high sensitivity. Overall, this effective and low-cost multiplex approach takes advantage of the easy separation of MBs, high specificity of aptamer-based recognition, and high sensitivity of functional LC sensors. Plus, it offers a performance that is competitive to that of commercial ELISA kits without potential interference from hemolysis, which makes it very promising in multiplex detection of tumor markers in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shuya Liu
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yifei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan 250014, China
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Kim Hong PT, Jang CH. Sensitive and label-free liquid crystal-based optical sensor for the detection of malathion. Anal Biochem 2020; 593:113589. [PMID: 31978456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the development of a rapid and simple, liquid crystal (LC)-based aptasensor that enables the detection of malathion (MA) using the orientation properties of liquid crystals. This sensor is composed of aptamers immobilized on a surface decorated with a self-assembled monolayer of (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GOPS) and dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride (DMOAP). When MA interacts with the immobilized aptamers, an orientational change in the LCs, from homeotropic to random, is induced. This orientational change generates visible optical responses observed as shifts from dark to bright images under a polarized optical microscope (POM). This sensing system has a linear detection range from 0.8 to 50 pM, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9922, and a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.5 pM (≈0.826 pg/mL). Our proposed aptasensor has good specificity and sensitivity to MA in tap water and soil. Moreover, this sensor suggests a promising strategy for simple, rapid testing for various insecticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Thi Kim Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam-si, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-daero 1342, 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam-si, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-daero 1342, 461-701, Republic of Korea.
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Label-free, rapid, and sensitive detection of carboxylesterase using surfactant-doped liquid crystal sensor. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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A Simple Liquid Crystal-based Aptasensor Using a Hairpin-shaped Aptamer for the Bare-Eye Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-019-3406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Qi L, Hu Q, Kang Q, Bi Y, Jiang Y, Yu L. Detection of Biomarkers in Blood Using Liquid Crystals Assisted with Aptamer-Target Recognition Triggered in Situ Rolling Circle Amplification on Magnetic Beads. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11653-11660. [PMID: 31430128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Detection of biomarkers in body fluids is critical to both diagnosing the life-threatening diseases and optimizing therapeutic interventions. We herein report use of liquid crystals (LCs) to detect biomarkers in blood with high sensitivity and specificity by employing in situ rolling circle amplification (RCA) on magnetic beads (MBs). Specific recognition of cancer biomarkers, such as platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) and adenosine, by aptamers leads to formation of a nucleic acid circle on MBs preassembled with ligation DNA, linear padlock DNA, and aptamers, thereby triggering in situ RCA. LCs change from dark to bright appearance after the in situ RCA products being transferred onto the LC interface decorated with octadecy trimethylammonium bromide (OTAB), which is particularly sensitive to the amplified DNA on MBs. Overall, this label-free approach takes advantages of high specificity of aptamer-based assay, efficient enrichment of signaling molecules on MBs, remarkable DNA elongation performance of the RCA reaction, and high sensitivity of LC-based assay. It successfully eliminates the matrix interference on the LC-based sensors and thus achieves at least 4 orders of magnitude improvement in sensitivity for detection of biomarkers compared to other LC-based sensors. In addition, performance of the developed sensor is comparable to that of the commercial ones. Thus, this study provides a simple, powerful, and promising approach to facilitate highly sensitive, specific, and label-free detection of biomarkers in body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry , Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan 250014 , China
| | - Qi Kang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , China
| | - Yanhui Bi
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry , Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Yifei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry , Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan 250100 , China
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Ma H, Kang Q, Wang T, Yu L. A liquid crystals-based sensing platform for detection of α-amylase coupled with destruction of host-guest interaction. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 173:616-622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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A liquid crystal based method for detection of urease activity and heavy metal ions by using stimulus-responsive surfactant-encapsulated phosphotungstate clusters. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 186:27. [PMID: 30564901 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A liquid crystal (LC) based method is described for the sensitive determination of the activity of urease and of heavy metal ions which acts as inhibitors. Stimulus-responsive surfactant-encapsulated phosphotungstate clusters (SECs) were fabricated and deposited onto octadecyltrichlorosilane-coated glass. A copper TEM grid filled with LCs was placed on the substrate to construct the LC optical cell. Upon addition of water to the LC interface, the optical appearance of LCs on the glass undergoes a bright-to-dark shift due to an orientational transition of the LCs from a planar to a homeotropic state. However, the LCs display a bright appearance if they are pretreated with an aqueous solution containing urea and urease. This is caused by the disassemby of the SECs from the glass surface due to an increase of the pH value that is induced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of urea by urease. The method is highly sensitive and can detect urease activities as low as 0.03 mU/mL. It can also be applied to the determination of heavy metal ions which exert an inhibitory effect on the activity of urease. For example, Cu(II) can be quantified via urease inhibition in 1 nM concentration. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of a liquid crystal-based sensor for detection of urease and heavy metal ions by using stimulus-responsive surfactant-encapsulated phosphotungstate clusters.
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Ultrasensitive detection of glutathione based on liquid crystals in the presence of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1040:187-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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29
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Zhou L, Hu Q, Kang Q, Yu L. Construction of liquid crystal droplet-based sensing platform for sensitive detection of organophosphate pesticide. Talanta 2018; 190:375-381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Kim HJ, Jang CH. Imaging DNA single-strand breaks generated by reactive oxygen species using a liquid crystal-based sensor. Anal Biochem 2018; 556:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tian T, Kang Q, Wang T, Xiao J, Yu L. Alignment of nematic liquid crystals decorated with gemini surfactants and interaction of proteins with gemini surfactants at fluid interfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 518:111-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wang Y, Zhou L, Kang Q, Yu L. Simple and label-free liquid crystal-based sensor for detecting trypsin coupled to the interaction between cationic surfactant and BSA. Talanta 2018; 183:223-227. [PMID: 29567168 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Trypsin plays a central role in catalyzing the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, so a technique with simple operation is needed to monitor the activity of trypsin. Here a simple and label-free senor based on liquid crystals (LCs) was developed by employing bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the enzyme substrate and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) as the controller for the alignment of LC. It was found that DTAB could form a self-assembled monolayer at the aqueous/LC interface to produce the dark optical images of LCs. And the addition of BSA could disturb the monolayer, so that the optical signal of LCs turned bright from dark. But the hydrolysis of BSA by trypsin resulted in the dark appearance. The sensing platform allows detection as low as 1 U/mL under the polarized light microscope based on at least three measurements. Moreover, this method was successfully applied in the detection of trypsin in human urines, suggesting its potential applications in clinic diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Lele Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Qi Kang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China.
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Kim HJ, Rim J, Jang CH. Liquid-Crystal-Based Immunosensor for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Clinical Specimens. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:21209-21215. [PMID: 28617582 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious global health problem, although it is easily preventable and curable. The prevalence of TB is caused by a lack of simple, rapid, cheap, and effective TB diagnostic tests. In this study, we have established a novel liquid crystal (LC)-based immunosensor to diagnose TB in clinical specimens. The clinical serum samples were incubated on a TB antigen-immobilized substrate, and their optical LC responses were observed using a polarized light microscope. Specific binding of anti-TB antibodies to the TB antigen-immobilized surface only occurred in clinical specimens from TB patients, inducing the disruption of the orientation of LCs. This was followed by the distinctive change in the optical appearance of LCs from uniform to random. However, when clinical serum samples from healthy people or latent TB patients were incubated, the orientation of LCs remained uniform. Through the change of optical LC images, in 76% of TB patients, this essay correctly identified the patients as having antibodies to TB in their serums. 91% of healthy people free of TB were correctly identified as not having antibodies to TB. Thus, this LC-based immunosensor is a promising platform, particularly in clinical TB diagnostics, which does not require complicated preparation of clinical specimens or complex instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Jin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University , Seongnam-Daero 1342, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Korea
| | - Jinseob Rim
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University , Seongnam-Daero 1342, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University , Seongnam-Daero 1342, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Korea
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Das D, Pal SK. Liquid Crystal Unveiled Interactions between Melittin and Phospholipids at Aqueous-Liquid Crystal Interface. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISERM), Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City; Manauli- 140306 India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISERM), Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City; Manauli- 140306 India
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Sidiq S, Prasad GVRK, Mukhopadhaya A, Pal SK. Poly(l-lysine)-Coated Liquid Crystal Droplets for Cell-Based Sensing Applications. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:4247-4256. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumyra Sidiq
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISERM), Knowledge
City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, India
| | - G. V. R. Krishna Prasad
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISERM), Knowledge
City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, India
| | - Arunika Mukhopadhaya
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISERM), Knowledge
City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISERM), Knowledge
City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, India
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Tian T, Hu Q, Wang Y, Gao Y, Yu L. Effect of Imidazolium-Based Surface-Active Ionic Liquids on the Orientation of Liquid Crystals at Various Fluid/Liquid Crystal Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:11745-11753. [PMID: 27783527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of imidazolium-based surface-active ionic liquids (IM-SAILs), viz., single-chained IM-SAILs, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([Cnmim]Br, n = 12, 14, 16), 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium salicylate ([C12mim]Sal), 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate ([C12mim]HNC), 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium cinnamate ([C12mim]CA), 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium para-hydroxy-cinnamate ([C12mim]PCA), gemini IM-SAIL, and 1,2-bis(3-dodecylimidazolium-1-yl)ethane bromide ([C12-2-C12im]Br2), along with three short-chained ionic liquids (ILs) [ethylammonium nitrate (EAN), propylammonium nitrate (PAN), and butylammonium nitrate (BAN)] were synthesized and applied to nematic liquid crystal (LC)/fluid interfaces. First, we evaluated the influence of the length and number of aliphatic chains as well as the counterion in the IM-SAIL structures on the anchoring of LCs at the aqueous/LC interface. It was observed that the threshold concentration of [Cnmim]Br (n = 12, 14, 16) decreased with the increase in aliphatic chain length. And double-chained [C12-2-C12im]Br2 has a far lower threshold concentration than single-chained [C12mim]Br. But the alteration of counterions (e.g., Br- and aromatic counterions) scarcely affected the anchoring of LCs at the interface. Second, we investigated the alignment of LCs at the diverse IL/LC interfaces in the presence of IM-SAILs. It is found that the variations in both aliphatic chain length and number can remarkably change the trigger points of the orientational transition of LCs at the EAN/LC interface. Specifically, with a slight increase in the alkyl chain length of short-chained ILs, as the fluid medium, the orientation of LCs varied tremendously at the IL/LC interface. Therefore, the higher threshold concentration of IM-SAILs and the corresponding greater stability in the optical appearance of LCs at the EAN/LC interface compared to that of the aqueous/LC interface can be ascribed to the discrepancy in the microstructure of water and IL. Finally, we verified that the volume ratio of H2O to EAN could more dramatically affect the alignment of LCs than the change in IM-SAIL concentration in aqueous solution. This work first illustrated the impact of SAIL structure on the LCs orientation at the aqueous/LC, IL/LC, and H2O-IL mixture/LC interfaces, which will inspire us to obtain a stabilized molecular alignment of LCs at the IL/LC interfaces and to further design novel functionalized SAIL molecules for various chemical and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University , Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University , Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University , Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Yan'an Gao
- China Ionic Liquid Laboratory, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University , Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University , Qufu 273165, PR China
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Wang Y, Hu Q, Tian T, Gao Y, Yu L. A liquid crystal-based sensor for the simple and sensitive detection of cellulase and cysteine. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 147:100-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Kim HJ, Jang CH. Micro-capillary sensor for imaging trypsin activity using confined nematic liquid crystals. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hussain Z, Qazi F, Ahmed MI, Usman A, Riaz A, Abbasi AD. Liquid crystals based sensing platform-technological aspects. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:110-127. [PMID: 27162142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In bulk phase, liquid crystalline molecules are organized due to non-covalent interactions and due to delicate nature of the present forces; this organization can easily be disrupted by any small external stimuli. This delicate nature of force balance in liquid crystals organization forms the basis of Liquid-crystals based sensing scheme which has been exploited by many researchers for the optical visualization and sensing of many biological interactions as well as detection of number of analytes. In this review, we present not only an overview of the state of the art in liquid crystals based sensing scheme but also highlight its limitations. The approaches described below revolve around possibilities and limitations of key components of such sensing platform including bottom substrates, alignments layers, nature and type of liquid crystals, sensing compartments, various interfaces etc. This review also highlights potential materials to not only improve performance of the sensing scheme but also to bridge the gap between science and technology of liquid crystals based sensing scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Hussain
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Farah Qazi
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Ahmed
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adil Usman
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asim Riaz
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amna Didar Abbasi
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
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Tian T, Hu Q, Wang Y, Gao Y, Yu L. Reversible Photoresponsive Molecular Alignment of Liquid Crystals at Fluid Interfaces with Persistent Stability. Chemistry 2016; 22:6340-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry; Shandong University, Ministry of Education; No.27 Shanda Nanlu Jinan 250100 PR China)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 PR China
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Houston; Houston Texas 77204 United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry; Shandong University, Ministry of Education; No.27 Shanda Nanlu Jinan 250100 PR China)
| | - Yanan Gao
- China Ionic Liquid Laboratory; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 PR China
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry; Shandong University, Ministry of Education; No.27 Shanda Nanlu Jinan 250100 PR China)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 PR China
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41
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Zhao D, Peng Y, Xu L, Zhou W, Wang Q, Guo L. Liquid-Crystal Biosensor Based on Nickel-Nanosphere-Induced Homeotropic Alignment for the Amplified Detection of Thrombin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:23418-22. [PMID: 26458050 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A new liquid-crystal (LC)-based sensor operated by nickel nanosphere (NiNS)-induced homeotropic alignment for the label-free monitoring of thrombin was reported. When doped with NiNSs, a uniform vertical orientation of 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) was easily obtained. A sandwich system of aptamer/thrombin/aptamer-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was fabricated, and AuNPs-aptamer conjugation caused the disruption of the 5CB orientation, leading to an obvious change of the optical appearance from a dark to a bright response to thrombin concentrations from 0.1 to 100 nM. This design also allowed quantitative detection of the thrombin concentration. This distinctive and sensitive thrombin LC sensor provides a new principle for building LC-sensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Environment Science, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Peng
- School of Chemistry and Environment Science, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lihong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Environment Science, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environment Science, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment Science, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Chemistry and Environment Science, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Beijing 100191, China
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Use of liquid crystals for imaging different inclusion abilities of α-cyclodextrin and β-cyclodextrin toward cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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A cationic surfactant-decorated liquid crystal sensing platform for simple and sensitive detection of acetylcholinesterase and its inhibitor. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 72:25-30. [PMID: 25957073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, construction of the liquid crystal (LC)-based sensing platform for simple and sensitive detection of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and its inhibitor using a cationic surfactant-decorated LC interface was demonstrated. A change of the optical images of LCs from bright to dark appearance was observed when the cationic surfactant, myristoylcholine chloride (Myr), was transferred onto the aqueous/LC interface, due to the formation of a stable surfactant monolayer at the interface. A dark-to-bright change of the optical appearance was then observed when AChE was transferred onto the Myr-decorated LC interface. The sensitivity of this new type of LC-based sensor is 3 orders of magnitude higher in the serum albumin solution than that only in the buffer solution. Noteworthy is that the AChE LC sensor shows a very high sensitivity for the detection of the enzyme inhibitor, which is around 1 fM. The constructed low-cost LC-based sensor is quite simple and convenient, showing high promise for label-free detection of AChE and its inhibitors.
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Sidiq S, Verma I, Pal SK. pH-Driven Ordering Transitions in Liquid Crystal Induced by Conformational Changes of Cardiolipin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:4741-4751. [PMID: 25856793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report an investigation of interfacial phenomena occurring at aqueous-liquid crystal (LC) interfaces that triggers an orientational ordering transition of the LC in the presence of cardiolipin (CL) by varying pH, salt concentration and valence. In particular, the effects of three different conformational isomeric forms of the CL are observed to cause the response of the LC ordering to vary significantly from one to another at those interfaces. An ordering transition of the LC was observed when the CL is mostly in undissociated (at pH 2) and/or in bicyclic (at pH 4) conformation in which LC shows changes in the optical appearance from bright to dark. By contrast, no change in the optical appearance of the LC was observed when the pH of the system increases to 8 or higher in which the CL mostly exists in the open conformation. Fluorescence microscopy measurements further suggest that pH-dependent conformational forms of the CL have different ability to self-assemble (thus different packing efficiency) at aqueous-LC interfaces leading to dissimilar orientational behavior of the LC. Specifically, we found that change in headgroup-headgroup repulsion of the central phosphatidyl groups of the CL plays a key role in tuning the lipid packing efficiency and thus responses to interfacial phenomena. Orientational ordering transition of the LC was also observed as a function of increasing the ionic strength (buffer capacity) and strongly influenced in the presence of mono and divalent cations. Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) and polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) measurements provide further insight in modulation of the lipid packing efficiency and alkyl chain conformation of the CL at different pH and ionic conditions. Overall, the results presented in this paper establish that LCs offer a promising approach to differentiate different conformations (label free detection) of the CL through ordering transition of the LC at aqueous-LC interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumyra Sidiq
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India
| | - Indu Verma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India
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Das D, Sidiq S, Pal SK. A Simple Quantitative Method to Study Protein-Lipopolysaccharide Interactions by Using Liquid Crystals. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:753-60. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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Das D, Sidiq S, Pal SK. Design of bio-molecular interfaces using liquid crystals demonstrating endotoxin interactions with bacterial cell wall components. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09640e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystals offer a promising approach to study and quantify the interactions between different bacterial cell membrane components with endotoxin at an aqueous interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- India
| | - Sumyra Sidiq
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- India
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Detection of heavy-metal ions using liquid crystal droplet patterns modulated by interaction between negatively charged carboxylate and heavy-metal cations. Talanta 2014; 128:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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48
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Liquid crystal-based detection of thrombin coupled to interactions between a polyelectrolyte and a phospholipid monolayer. Anal Biochem 2014; 455:13-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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49
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Zhang M, Jang CH. Sensitive detection of trypsin using liquid-crystal droplet patterns modulated by interactions between poly-L-lysine and a phospholipid monolayer. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:2569-74. [PMID: 24850496 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-crystal (LC) droplet patterns are formed on a glass slide by evaporating a solution of nematic LC dissolved in heptane. In the presence of an anionic phospholipid, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) (DOPG), the LCs display a dark cross pattern, indicating a homeotropic orientation. When LC patterns are incubated with an aqueous mixture of DOPG and poly-L-lysine (PLL), there is a transition in the LC pattern from a dark cross to a bright fan shape due to the electrostatic interaction between DOPG and PLL. Known to catalyze the hydrolysis of PLL into oligopeptide fragments, trypsin is preincubated with PLL, significantly decreasing the interactions between PLL and DOPG. LCs adopt a perpendicular orientation at the water-LC droplet interface, which gives rise to a dark cross pattern. This optical response of LC droplets is the basis for a quick and sensitive biosensor for trypsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701 (Korea)
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50
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A simple strategy for detecting synthetic polymers on solid surfaces using liquid crystal. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-3015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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