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Khandekar C, Jin W, Fan S. Nanophotonic detector array to enable direct thermal infrared vision. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:39222-39233. [PMID: 36258467 DOI: 10.1364/oe.475296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Detection of infrared (IR) photons in a room-temperature IR camera is carried out by a two-dimensional array of microbolometer pixels which exhibit temperature-sensitive resistivity. When IR light coming from the far-field is focused onto this array, microbolometer pixels are heated up in proportion to the temperatures of the far-field objects. The resulting resistivity change of each pixel is measured via on-chip electronic readout circuit followed by analog to digital (A/D) conversion, image processing, and presentation of the final IR image on a separate information display screen. In this work, we introduce a new nanophotonic detector as a minimalist alternative to microbolometer such that the final IR image can be presented without using the components required for A/D conversion, image processing and display. In our design, the detector array is illuminated with visible laser light and the reflected light itself carries the IR image which can be directly viewed. We numerically demonstrate this functionality using a resonant waveguide grating structure made of typical materials such as silicon carbide, silicon nitride, and silica for which lithography techniques are well-developed. We clarify the requirements to tackle the issues of fabrication nonuniformities and temperature drifts in the detector array. We envision a potential near-eye display device for direct IR vision based on timely use of diffractive optical waveguides in augmented reality headsets and tunable visible laser sources. Our work indicates a way to achieve thermal IR vision for suitable use cases with lower cost, smaller form factor, and reduced power consumption compared to the existing thermal IR cameras.
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Rico VJ, Turk H, Yubero F, Gonzalez-Elipe AR. Titania Enhanced Photocatalysis and Dye Giant Absorption in Nanoporous 1D Bragg Microcavities. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5487-5497. [PMID: 35492435 PMCID: PMC9040112 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Light trapping effects are known to boost the photocatalytic degradation of organic molecules in 3D photonic structures of anatase titania (a-TiO2) with an inverse opal configuration. In the present work, we show that photocatalytic activity can also be enhanced in a-TiO2 thin films if they are incorporated within a nanoporous 1D optical resonant microcavity. We have designed and manufactured multilayer systems that, presenting a high open porosity to enable a straightforward diffusion of photodegradable molecules, provide light confinement effects at wavelengths around the absorption edge of photoactive a-TiO2. In brief, we have observed that a nanoporous 1D Bragg microcavity prepared by electron beam evaporation at oblique angles comprising a central defect layer of nanoporous a-TiO2 boosts the photocatalytic degradation of nitrobenzene and methyl orange dye solutions. The multilayer structure of the microcavity was designed to ensure the appearance of optical resonances at the a-TiO2 layer location and wavelengths around the absorption onset of this semiconductor. In this porous 1D Bragg microcavity, the diffusion constraints of molecules through the capping layers covering the a-TiO2 are effectively compensated by an increase in the photocatalytic activity due to the light confinement phenomena. We also report that the absorption coefficient of methyl orange dye solution infiltrated within the pore structure of the microcavity is exalted at the wavelengths of the corresponding optical resonances. This effect gives rise to a small but non-negligible visible light photodegradation of dye molecules. The possibilities of tailoring the design of 1D photonic systems to boost the photocatalytic activity of a-TiO2 are discussed.
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Theoretical evaluation of the refractive index sensing capability using the coupling of Tamm–Fano resonance in one-dimensional photonic crystals. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01965-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Oliva-Ramírez M, López-Santos C, Berthon H, Goven M, Pórtoles J, Gil-Rostra J, González-Elipe AR, Yubero F. Form Birefringence in Resonant Transducers for the Selective Monitoring of VOCs under Ambient Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:19148-19158. [PMID: 33856758 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have developed a new kind of nanocolumnar birefringent Bragg microcavity (BBM) that, tailored by oblique angle deposition, behaves as a selective transducer of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Unlike the atomic lattice origin of birefringence in anisotropic single crystals, in the BBM, it stems from an anisotropic self-organization at the nanoscale of the voids and structural elements of the layers. The optical adsorption isotherms recorded upon exposure of these nanostructured systems to water vapor and VOCs have revealed a rich yet unexplored phenomenology linked to their optical activity that provides both capacity for vapor identification and partial pressure determination. This photonic response has been reproduced with a theoretical model accounting for the evolution of the form birefringence of the individual layers upon vapor condensation in nanopores and internanocolumnar voids. BBMs that repel water vapor but are accessible to VOCs have been also developed through grafting of their internal surfaces with perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane molecules. These nanostructured photonic systems are proposed for the development of transducers that, operating under environmental conditions, may respond specifically to VOCs without any influence by the degree of humidity of the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Oliva-Ramírez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC, University of Seville), CICCartuja, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen López-Santos
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC, University of Seville), CICCartuja, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Hermine Berthon
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC, University of Seville), CICCartuja, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Mathilde Goven
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC, University of Seville), CICCartuja, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Seville, Spain
| | - José Pórtoles
- NEXUS Nanolab, Newcastle University, G8 XPS laboratory Stephenson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Gil-Rostra
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC, University of Seville), CICCartuja, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Agustín R González-Elipe
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC, University of Seville), CICCartuja, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Yubero
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC, University of Seville), CICCartuja, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Seville, Spain
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Szendrei-Temesi K, Jiménez-Solano A, Lotsch BV. Tracking Molecular Diffusion in One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1803730. [PMID: 30306641 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The intuitive use, inexpensive fabrication, and easy readout of colorimetric sensors, including photonic crystal architectures and Fabry-Pérot interference sensors, have made these devices a successful commercial case, and yet, understanding how the diffusion of analytes occurs throughout the structure is a key ingredient for designing the response of these platforms on demand. Herein, the diffusion of amines in a periodic multilayer system composed of two-dimensional nanosheets and dielectric nanoparticles is tracked by a combination of spectroscopic measurements and theoretical modelling. It is demonstrated that diffusion is controlled by the molecular size, with larger molecules showing larger layer swelling and slower diffusion times, which translates into important sensor characteristics such as signal change and saturation time. Since the approach visualizes the analyte impregnation process in a time- and spatially resolved fashion, it directly relates the macroscopic color readout into microscopic processes occurring at the molecular level, thus opening the door to rational sensor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Szendrei-Temesi
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for Nanoscience, Schellingstraße 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Alberto Jiménez-Solano
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bettina V Lotsch
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for Nanoscience, Schellingstraße 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
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Bol’shakov ES, Ivanov AV, Kozlov AA, Abdullaev SD. Photonic Crystal Sensors for Detecting Vapors of Benzene, Toluene, and o-Xylene. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024418080083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shen Q, Luo Z, Ma S, Tao P, Song C, Wu J, Shang W, Deng T. Bioinspired Infrared Sensing Materials and Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707632. [PMID: 29750376 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired engineering offers a promising alternative approach in accelerating the development of many man-made systems. Next-generation infrared (IR) sensing systems can also benefit from such nature-inspired approach. The inherent compact and uncooled operation of biological IR sensing systems provides ample inspiration for the engineering of portable and high-performance artificial IR sensing systems. This review overviews the current understanding of the biological IR sensing systems, most of which are thermal-based IR sensors that rely on either bolometer-like or photomechanic sensing mechanism. The existing efforts inspired by the biological IR sensing systems and possible future bioinspired approaches in the development of new IR sensing systems are also discussed in the review. Besides these biological IR sensing systems, other biological systems that do not have IR sensing capabilities but can help advance the development of engineered IR sensing systems are also discussed, and the related engineering efforts are overviewed as well. Further efforts in understanding the biological IR sensing systems, the learning from the integration of multifunction in biological systems, and the reduction of barriers to maximize the multidiscipline collaborations are needed to move this research field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Peng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wen Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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Xia T, Luo W, Hu F, Qiu W, Zhang Z, Lin Y, Liu XY. Fabrication of Crack-Free Photonic Crystal Films on Superhydrophobic Nanopin Surface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:22037-22041. [PMID: 28593758 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of their superior optical performance, photonic crystals (PCs) have been investigated as excellent candidates for widespread applications including sensors, displays, separation processes, and catalysis. However, fabrication of structurally controllable large-area PC assemblies with no defects is still a tough task. Herein, we develop an effective strategy for preparing centimeter-scale crack-free photonic crystal films by the combined effects of soft assembly and superhydrophobic nanopin surfaces. Owing to its large contact angle and low-adhesive force on the superhydrophobic substrate, the colloidal suspension exhibits a continuous retraction of the three-phase (gas-liquid-solid) contact line (TCL) in the process of solvent (water molecules) evaporation. The constantly receding TCL can bring the colloidal spheres closer to each other, which could timely close the gaps due to the loss of water molecules. As a result, close-packed and well-ordered assembly structures can be easily obtained. We expect that this work may pave the way to utilize novel superhydrophobic materials for designing and developing high-quality PCs and to apply PCs in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xia
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Materials & College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenhao Luo
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Materials & College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Materials & College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wu Qiu
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Materials & College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhisen Zhang
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Materials & College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Youhui Lin
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Materials & College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Xiang Yang Liu
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Materials & College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore
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Zhao X, Yang Y, Wen J, Chen Z, Zhang M, Fei H, Hao Y. Tunable dual-channel filter based on the photonic crystal with air defects. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:5463-5469. [PMID: 29047505 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.005463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose a tuning filter containing two channels by inserting a defect layer (Air/Si/Air/Si/Air) into a one-dimensional photonic crystal of Si/SiO2, which is on the symmetry of the defect. Two transmission peaks (1528.98 and 1564.74 nm) appear in the optical communication S-band and C-band, and the transmittance of these two channels is up to 100%. In addition, this design realizes multi-channel filtering to process large dynamic range or multiple independent signals in the near-infrared band by changing the structure. The tuning range will be enlarged, and the channels can be moved in this range through the easy control of air thickness and incident angle.
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Hong B, Vallini F, Fang CY, Alasaad A, Fainman Y. Simple Nanoimprinted Polymer Nanostructures for Uncooled Thermal Detection by Direct Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:8327-8335. [PMID: 28124558 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the uncooled detection of long wavelength infrared (IR) radiation by thermal surface plasmon sensing using an all optical readout format. Thermal infrared radiation absorbed by an IR-sensitive material with high thermo-optic coefficient coated on a metal grating creates a refractive index change detectable by the shift of the supported surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measured optically in the visible spectrum. The interface localization of SPR modes and optical readout allow for submicrometer thin film transducers and eliminate complex readout integrated circuits, respectively, reducing form factor, leveraging robust visible detectors, and enabling low-cost imaging cameras. We experimentally present the radiative heat induced thermo-optic action detectable by SPR shift through imaging of a thermal source onto a bulk metal grating substrate with IR-absorptive silicon nitride coating. Toward focal plane array integration, a route to facile fabrication of pixelated metal grating structures by nanoimprint lithography is developed, where a stable polymer, parylene-C, serves as an IR-absorptive layer with a high thermo-optic coefficient. Experimental detection of IR radiation from real thermal sources imaged at infinity is demonstrated by our nanoimprinted polymer-SPR pixels with an estimated noise equivalent temperature difference of 21.9 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Hong
- Ultrafast and Nanoscale Optics, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California , San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Felipe Vallini
- Ultrafast and Nanoscale Optics, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California , San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Cheng-Yi Fang
- Ultrafast and Nanoscale Optics, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California , San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Amr Alasaad
- Center of Excellence for Telecommunication King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology , Riyadh 12371, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yeshaiahu Fainman
- Ultrafast and Nanoscale Optics, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California , San Diego, California 92093, United States
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Li Q, Qi N, Peng Y, Zhang Y, Shi L, Zhang X, Lai Y, Wei K, Kim IS, Zhang KQ. Sub-micron silk fibroin film with high humidity sensibility through color changing. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28460d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A Sub-micron silk fibroin film with high humidity sensibility through color changing is achieved by spin-coating fibroin aqueous solution, and it can be potentially applied for low-cost and fast humidity detection, as well as anti-counterfeit labels.
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Wu Y, Shen H, Ye S, Yao D, Liu W, Zhang J, Zhang K, Yang B. Multifunctional Reversible Fluorescent Controller Based on a One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:28844-28852. [PMID: 27670778 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With the aim to build a multifunctional solid fluorescent controller, a one-dimensional photonic crystal and CdSe fluorescent single layer were separated on the opposite sides of quartz substrates. The separation structure remarkably facilitates materials selection for the fluorescent controller, which allows one to freely choose the fluorescent substance and constituents of 1DPC from a wide range of available materials with the best desirable properties and without caring about the interactions between them. Fluorescent enhancement and weakened effect were successfully achieved when the excitation light was irradiated from different sides of the fluorescent device. In addition, the fluorescent intensity can be altered reversibly along with environmental pH values according to the change of a pH-responsive one-dimensional photonic crystal layer, which is quite different from a previously reported quenching mode. Meanwhile, the original position of the photonic stop band is essential for deciding what pH value would produce the best effect of fluorescent control. It provides a way to adjust the effect of fluorescent controller according to certain applied situations. The mechanism of fluorescent variation was confirmed by the assistance of a finite-difference time-domain simulation. Furthermore, this device is also able to modulate fluorescent wavelength and full width at half-maximum by overlapping the photonic stop band and the emission of CdSe. Therefore, this method offers a universal strategy for the fabrication of fluorescent controllers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaizhong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunsheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wendong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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Hui Y, Gomez-Diaz JS, Qian Z, Alù A, Rinaldi M. Plasmonic piezoelectric nanomechanical resonator for spectrally selective infrared sensing. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11249. [PMID: 27080018 PMCID: PMC4835539 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrathin plasmonic metasurfaces have proven their ability to control and manipulate light at unprecedented levels, leading to exciting optical functionalities and applications. Although to date metasurfaces have mainly been investigated from an electromagnetic perspective, their ultrathin nature may also provide novel and useful mechanical properties. Here we propose a thin piezoelectric plasmonic metasurface forming the resonant body of a nanomechanical resonator with simultaneously tailored optical and electromechanical properties. We experimentally demonstrate that it is possible to achieve high thermomechanical coupling between electromagnetic and mechanical resonances in a single ultrathin piezoelectric nanoplate. The combination of nanoplasmonic and piezoelectric resonances allows the proposed device to selectively detect long-wavelength infrared radiation with unprecedented electromechanical performance and thermal capabilities. These attributes lead to the demonstration of a fast, high-resolution, uncooled infrared detector with ∼80% absorption for an optimized spectral bandwidth centered around 8.8 μm. Plasmonic metasurfaces can provide exciting optical functionalities. Here, Hui et al. demonstrate an infrared sensor by combining plasmonic and piezoelectric electromechanical resonances, demonstrating efficient transduction of vibration with a strong and polarization-independent absorption over an ultrathin thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hui
- Department of Electrical &Computer Engineering at Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Juan Sebastian Gomez-Diaz
- Department of Electrical &Computer Engineering at The University of Texas at Austin, 1616 Guadalupe St., UTA 7.215, Austin, Texas 78701, USA
| | - Zhenyun Qian
- Department of Electrical &Computer Engineering at Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Andrea Alù
- Department of Electrical &Computer Engineering at The University of Texas at Austin, 1616 Guadalupe St., UTA 7.215, Austin, Texas 78701, USA
| | - Matteo Rinaldi
- Department of Electrical &Computer Engineering at Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Kriegel I, Scotognella F. Tunable light filtering by a Bragg mirror/heavily doped semiconducting nanocrystal composite. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 6:193-200. [PMID: 25671163 PMCID: PMC4311676 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tunable light filters are critical components for many optical applications in which light in-coupling, out-coupling or rejection is crucial, such as lasing, sensing, photovoltaics and information and communication technology. For this purpose, Bragg mirrors (band-pass filters with high reflectivity) represent good candidates. However, their optical characteristics are determined during the fabrication stage. Heavily doped semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), on the other hand, deliver a high degree of optical tunability through the active modulation of their carrier density, ultimately influencing their plasmonic absorption properties. Here, we propose the design of an actively tunable light filter composed of a Bragg mirror and a layer of plasmonic semiconductor NCs. We demonstrate that the filtering properties of the coupled device can be tuned to cover a wide range of frequencies from the visible to the near infrared (vis-NIR) spectral region when employing varying carrier densities. As the tunable component, we implemented a dispersion of copper selenide (Cu2-xSe) NCs and a film of indium tin oxide (ITO) NCs, which are known to show optical tunablility with chemical or electrochemical treatments. We utilized the Mie theory to describe the carrier-dependent plasmonic properties of the Cu2-x Se NC dispersion and the effective medium theory to describe the optical characteristics of the ITO film. The transmission properties of the Bragg mirror have been modelled with the transfer matrix method. We foresee ease of experimental realization of the coupled device, where filtering modulation is achieved upon chemical and electrochemical post-fabrication treatment of the heavily doped semiconductor NC component, eventually resulting in tunable transmission properties of the coupled device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Kriegel
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Fenzl C, Hirsch T, Wolfbeis OS. Photonische Kristalle für die Chemo- und Biosensorik. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Fenzl C, Hirsch T, Wolfbeis OS. Photonic crystals for chemical sensing and biosensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3318-35. [PMID: 24473976 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This Review covers photonic crystals (PhCs) and their use for sensing mainly chemical and biochemical parameters, with a particular focus on the materials applied. Specific sections are devoted to a) a lead-in into natural and synthetic photonic nanoarchitectures, b) the various kinds of structures of PhCs, c) reflection and diffraction in PhCs, d) aspects of sensing based on mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical, magnetic, and purely chemical stimuli, e) aspects of biosensing based on biomolecules incorporated into PhCs, and f) current trends and limitations of such sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Fenzl
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Chemo- und Biosensorik, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg (Germany) http://www.wolfbeis.de
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