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Du J, Tao T, Gao M, Zhang X, Wang X, Zhang Q, Xu Y, Jin B, Wang L, Cao X. Response of a simulated aquatic fungal community to nanoplastics exposure and functional consequence on leaf decomposition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 356:124342. [PMID: 38851376 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Nanoplastics pose a potential threat to a wide variety of aquatic organisms. Despite the awareness of this existing hazard, the impact of nanoplastics on natural fungal communities remains a research gap. In this study, five dominant fungi species, isolated from a stream ecosystem, were used to explore the effects of different nano-polystyrene (nano-PS) particles concentrations on a simulated fungal community. Specifically, the evaluation was conducted regarding the fungal growth, reproductivity, structural composition, and ecological function in leaf litter decomposition. A 15-day exposure experiment showed that 100 μg/L nano-PS significantly reduced the microcosm pH. The extracellular enzyme activities of β-glucosidase, leucine-aminopeptidase, and peroxidase were significantly promoted by nano-PS exposure for 5 days or 15 days. Total sporulation rate significantly decreased after the 15-day exposure to 1 and 100 μg/L nano-PS and significantly increased under 10 μg/L nano-PS. In contrast, nano-PS concentrations had no effects on fungal biomass. In addition, the reduced relative abundance of Geotrichum candidum lowered its contribution to leaf decomposition, resulting in a decreased litter decomposition rate of a 24.5-27.9 % after exposure. This suggests that 1-100 μg/L nano-PS inhibited leaf decomposition by inhibiting fungal reproduction and reducing the contribution of specific fungal species. In addition, the findings highlight the importance of exploring the potential mechanisms of the interaction between nanoplastics and fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Du
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Henan Province, China.
| | - Tianying Tao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengxi Gao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xilin Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanqian Xu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Henan Province, China
| | - Baodan Jin
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Henan Province, China
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Henan Province, China
| | - Xia Cao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Henan Province, China
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Li C, Ma H, Li P, Zhang S, Xu J, Wang L, Sheng W, Xu T, Shen L, Wang W, Xia T. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) with heterologous poly-γ-glutamic acid has skin moisturizing, whitening and anti-wrinkle effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130026. [PMID: 38336313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Three genes involved in poly-γ-glutamic acid(γ-PGA)synthesis cloned from Bacillus licheniformis were transformed into cucumber for the first time. Compared with control, its water content increased by 6-14 % and water loss rate decreased by 11-12 %. In zebrafish and human skin experiments, the moisturizing effect of transgenic cucumber was significantly higher than that of CK, γ-PGA and hyaluronic acid group. Transgenic cucumber reduced facial wrinkles and roughness by 19.58 % and 24.97 %, reduced skin melanin content by 5.27 %, increased skin topological angle and L-value by 5.89 % and 2.49 %, and increased the R2 and Q1 values of facial elasticity by 7.67 % and 5.64 %, respectively. The expressions of aqp3, Tyr, silv and OCA2 were down-regulated, eln1, eln2, col1a1a and col1a1b were up-regulated in zebrafish after treated with transgenic cucumber. This study provides an important reference for the endogenous synthesis of important skin care functional molecules in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Haizhen Ma
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Panpan Li
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Shengkui Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jieting Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Wenlong Sheng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Tianyu Xu
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Lu Shen
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Wanxia Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Tao Xia
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
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3
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Elbanna K, Alsulami FS, Neyaz LA, Abulreesh HH. Poly (γ) glutamic acid: a unique microbial biopolymer with diverse commercial applicability. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1348411. [PMID: 38414762 PMCID: PMC10897055 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1348411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial biopolymers have emerged as promising solutions for environmental pollution-related human health issues. Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), a natural anionic polymeric compound, is composed of highly viscous homo-polyamide of D and L-glutamic acid units. The extracellular water solubility of PGA biopolymer facilitates its complete biodegradation and makes it safe for humans. The unique properties have enabled its applications in healthcare, pharmaceuticals, water treatment, foods, and other domains. It is applied as a thickener, taste-masking agent, stabilizer, texture modifier, moisturizer, bitterness-reducing agent, probiotics cryoprotectant, and protein crystallization agent in food industries. γ-PGA is employed as a biological adhesive, drug carrier, and non-viral vector for safe gene delivery in tissue engineering, pharmaceuticals, and medicine. It is also used as a moisturizer to improve the quality of hair care and skincare cosmetic products. In agriculture, it serves as an ideal stabilizer, environment-friendly fertilizer synergist, plant-growth promoter, metal biosorbent in soil washing, and animal feed additive to reduce body fat and enhance egg-shell strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Elbanna
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Fatimah S Alsulami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena A Neyaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein H Abulreesh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Nair P, Navale GR, Dharne MS. Poly-gamma-glutamic acid biopolymer: a sleeping giant with diverse applications and unique opportunities for commercialization. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2023; 13:4555-4573. [PMID: 33824848 PMCID: PMC8016157 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-021-01467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a biodegradable, non-toxic, ecofriendly, and non-immunogenic biopolymer. Its phenomenal properties have gained immense attention in the field of regenerative medicine, the food industry, wastewater treatment, and even in 3D printing bio-ink. The γ-PGA has the potential to replace synthetic non-degradable counterparts, but the main obstacle is the high production cost and lower productivity. Extensive research has been carried out to reduce the production cost by using different waste; however, it is unable to match the commercialization needs. This review focuses on the biosynthetic mechanism of γ-PGA, its production using the synthetic medium as well as different wastes by L-glutamic acid-dependent and independent microbial strains. Furthermore, various metabolic engineering strategies and the recovery processes for γ-PGA and their possible applications are discussed. Finally, highlights on the challenges and unique approaches to reduce the production cost and to increase the productivity for commercialization of γ-PGA are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Nair
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008 India
| | - Govinda R. Navale
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008 India
| | - Mahesh S. Dharne
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008 India
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5
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Ushimaru K, Morita T, Fukuoka T. Bio-Based, Flexible, and Tough Material Derived from ε-Poly-l-lysine and Fructose via the Maillard Reaction. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:22793-22799. [PMID: 32954127 PMCID: PMC7495479 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a bio-based, soft, elastic, and tough material prepared from a mixture of ε-poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) and d-fructose. The obtained complex was insoluble in water, whereas its ingredients had high water solubility. This complex was likely formed via Schiff base formation and subsequent rearrangement reactions, that is, the Maillard reaction, because the reaction occurred between reducing sugars and cationic polyelectrolytes having primary and secondary amino groups. The progress of the Maillard reaction was investigated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Mechanical properties of the complexes were evaluated by tensile testing, and the properties of the optimized complex [ε-PL/fructose = 60:40 (w/w), maximum stress = 27.9 MPa, strain at break = 46%, Young's modulus = 741.6 MPa] resembled those of some petroleum-based plastics. Additionally, the ε-PL/fructose complex displayed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis. These ε-PL/fructose complexes have biological properties such as antimicrobial activity, low toxicity toward mammals, and biodegradability, which are attributable to the intrinsic nature of ε-PL, as well as enhanced mechanical properties and water resistance compared with pure ε-PL.
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6
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Glutamic Acid as Repeating Building Block for Bio-Based Films. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071613. [PMID: 32698496 PMCID: PMC7407828 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial inexpensive preparations of poly-γ-glutamic acid were used to obtain films made with a polypeptide constituted by a single repeating unit. The homopolymer was characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and thermogravimetry, as well as by zeta potential and Z-average measurements. Manipulatable materials were obtained by casting film-forming solutions prepared at pH values between 3.0 and 4.0 and containing extensively dialyzed samples of the commercial product. The analysis of the mechanical properties highlighted a marked extensibility and plasticity of the films obtained without plasticizer, even though the addition of low amounts of glycerol (1–4%) was able to further increase these features. The characterization of poly-γ-glutamic acid molecular species, performed by membrane ultrafiltration and size-exclusion chromatography, coupled with triple-detection analysis of the obtained fractions, suggested that biopolymer chain length is responsible not only for its capacity to form film, but also for conferring to the films different features depending on the homopolymer molecular weight.
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7
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Ushimaru K, Hamano Y, Morita T, Fukuoka T. Moldable Material from ε-Poly-l-lysine and Lignosulfonate: Mechanical and Self-Healing Properties of a Bio-Based Polyelectrolyte Complex. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:9756-9762. [PMID: 31460066 PMCID: PMC6648464 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A moldable material from a natural cationic polyelectrolyte, ε-poly-l-lysine (ε-PL), was prepared by mixing with two lignosulfonates a reagent for research (L-SO3Na) and a commercially available purified lignosulfonate (Pearllex NP). The obtained ε-PL/lignosulfonate complexes demonstrated the ability to be tuned from a rigid form, such as polystyrene or poly(methyl methacrylate), to a soft elastomer form such as silicone by varying the lignosulfonate species and composition. The maximum toughness of the complex (8.4 MJ/m3) was superior to that of ε-PL or lignosulfonate-derived polyelectrolyte complexes. In addition, the ε-PL/lignosulfonate complex showed self-healing properties due to the many reversible ionic bonds in the complex. The preparation process for the novel complex was simple, involving the mixing and drying of an aqueous solution of the polyelectrolyte without any extra reagents (organic solvents, condensation reagents, and cross-linker). Thus, given these many advantages and the excellent biodegradability of the components, the ε-PL/lignosulfonate complex is expected to be useful as a sustainable structural material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Ushimaru
- Research
Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Hamano
- Department
of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
| | - Tomotake Morita
- Research
Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tokuma Fukuoka
- Research
Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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8
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Coherent Aspects of Multifaceted Eco-friendly Biopolymer - Polyglutamic Acid from the Microbes. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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9
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Liu T, Nobeshima H, Ojima Y, Azuma M. A New Method to Purify Poly-γ-glutamic Acid Using Gemini Quaternary Ammonium Salts and Characterization of its Ionic Complex. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.17we218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Osaka City University
| | | | - Yoshihiro Ojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Osaka City University
| | - Masayuki Azuma
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Osaka City University
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10
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Engineering antimicrobial coating of archaeal poly-γ-glutamate-based materials using non-covalent crosslinkages. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4645. [PMID: 29545524 PMCID: PMC5854621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We are now entering a new age of intelligent material development using fine, sustainable polymers from extremophiles. Herein we present an innovative (but simple) means of transforming archaeal poly-γ-glutamate (PGA) into extremely durable polyionic complexes with potent antimicrobial performance. This new supra-polymer material (called PGA/DEQ) was subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray diffraction spectroscopies to characterize in structural chemistry. Calorimetric measurements revealed its peculiar thermal properties; to the best of our knowledge, it is one of the most heat-resistant biopolymer-based polyionic complexes developed to date. PGA/DEQ is particularly useful in applications where surface functionalization is important, e.g., antimicrobial coatings. The spontaneously assembled PGA/DEQ coatings (without any additional treatments) were remarkably resistant to certain organic solvents (including chloroform), even at high salt concentrations (theoretically greater than those found in sea water), and various pH values. However, the pH-response tests also implied that the PGA/DEQ coatings could be removed only when concentrated citrate di-salts were used, whereas most crosslinked polymer composites (e.g., thermoset matrices) are difficult to recycle and treat downstream. We also discuss PGA/DEQ-immobilized surfaces that exhibit enigmatic microbicidal mechanisms.
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11
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Ushimaru K, Hamano Y, Katano H. Antimicrobial Activity of ε-Poly-l-lysine after Forming a Water-Insoluble Complex with an Anionic Surfactant. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1387-1392. [PMID: 28287712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
ε-Poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) is one of the few homopoly(amino-acid)s occurring in nature. ε-PL, which possesses multiple amino groups, is highly soluble in water, where it forms the antimicrobial polycationic chain (PLn+). Although the high water-solubility is advantageous for the use of ε-PL as a food preservative, it has limited the applicability of ε-PL as a biopolymer plastic. Here, we report on the preparation and availability of a water-insoluble complex formed with PLn+ and an anionic surfactant, bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (BEHS-, is also commercialized as AOT) anion. The PLn+/BEHS--complex, which is soluble in organic solvents, was successfully used as a coating material for a cellulose acetate membrane to create a water-resistant antimicrobial membrane. In addition, the thermoplastic PLn+/BEHS--complex was able to be uniformly mixed with polypropylene by heating, resulting in materials exhibiting antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Ushimaru
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University , 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Hamano
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University , 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
| | - Hajime Katano
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University , 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
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12
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Mitsunaga H, Meissner L, Büchs J, Fukusaki E. Branched chain amino acids maintain the molecular weight of poly(γ-glutamic acid) of Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945 during the fermentation. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:400-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Cooperative adsorption of critical metal ions using archaeal poly-γ-glutamate. Biometals 2016; 29:527-34. [PMID: 27013333 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Antimony, beryllium, chromium, cobalt (Co), gallium (Ga), germanium, indium (In), lithium, niobium, tantalum, the platinoids, the rare-earth elements (including dysprosium, Dy), and tungsten are generally regarded to be critical (rare) metals, and the ions of some of these metals are stabilized in acidic solutions. We examined the adsorption capacities of three water-soluble functional polymers, namely archaeal poly-γ-glutamate (L-PGA), polyacrylate (PAC), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), for six valuable metal ions (Co(2+), Ni(2+), Mn(2+), Ga(3+), In(3+), and Dy(3+)). All three polymers showed apparently little or no capacity for divalent cations, whereas L-PGA and PAC showed the potential to adsorb trivalent cations, implying the beneficial valence-dependent selectivity of anionic polyelectrolytes with multiple carboxylates for metal ions. PVA did not adsorb metal ions, indicating that the crucial role played by carboxyl groups in the adsorption of crucial metal ions cannot be replaced by hydroxyl groups under the conditions. In addition, equilibrium studies using the non-ideal competitive adsorption model indicated that the potential for L-PGA to be used for the removal (or collection) of water-soluble critical metal ions (e.g., Ga(3+), In(3+), and Dy(3+)) was far superior to that of any other industrially-versatile PAC materials.
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14
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Hakumai Y, Yamaguchi K, Nakayama S, Ashiuchi M. Effective elimination of water-borne <em>Escherichia coli </em>using archaeal poly-<span style="font-family: Symbol">g</span>-glutamate-based materials. AIMS Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2016.3.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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15
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Ashiuchi M, Oike S, Hakuba H, Shibatani S, Oka N, Wakamatsu T. Rapid purification and plasticization of D-glutamate-containing poly-γ-glutamate from Japanese fermented soybean food natto. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 116:90-3. [PMID: 25669727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamate (PGA) is a major component of mucilage derived from natto, a Japanese fermented food made from soybeans, and PGAs obtained under laboratory's conditions contain numerous d-glutamyl residues. Natto foods are thus promising as a source for nutritionally safe d-amino acids present in intact and digested polymers, although there is little information on the stereochemistry of PGA isolated directly from natto. Here, we describe the development of a new process for rapid purification of PGA using alum and determined the D-glutamate content of natto PGA by chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. Further, using hexadecylpyridinium cation (HDP(+)), which is a compound of toothpaste, we chemically transformed natto PGA into a new thermoplastic material, called DL-PGAIC. (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance and calorimetric measurements indicate that DL-PGAIC is a stoichiometric complex of natto PGA and HDP(+) with glass transition points of -16.8 °C and -3.1 °C. Then, DL-PGAIC began decomposing at 210°C, suggesting thermal stability suitable for use as a supramolecular soft plastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ashiuchi
- Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan; Department of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
| | - Shota Oike
- Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | | | | | - Nogiho Oka
- Department of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Taisuke Wakamatsu
- Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan; Department of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
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16
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Antimicrobial peptides and proteins in the face of extremes: Lessons from archaeocins. Biochimie 2015; 118:344-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Ashiuchi M, Hakumai Y, Shibatani S, Hakuba H, Oka N, Kobayashi H, Yoneda K. Poly-γ-glutamate-based Materials for Multiple Infection Prophylaxis Possessing Versatile Coating Performance. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:24588-99. [PMID: 26501266 PMCID: PMC4632766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161024588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamate (PGA) possesses a nylon-like backbone and polyacrylate-like carboxyl groups, and shows an extraordinary solubility in water. In this study, the effective synthesis and structural analysis of some water-insoluble PGA ion-complexes (PGAICs) using cationic surfactants, hexadecylpyridinium (HDP), dodecylpyridinium, benzalkonium and benzetonium, were examined. We demonstrated their spontaneous coating performance to the surfaces of different materials (i.e., plastics, metals, and ceramics) as potent anti-staphylococcal and anti-Candida agents. The tests against Staphylococcus aureus revealed that, regardless of a variety of materials, PGAICs maintained surface antimicrobial activity, even after the water-soaking treatment, whereas those against Candida albicans indicated that, among PGAICs, PGA/HDP complex is most useful as an anti-fungal agent because of its coating stability. Moreover, the log reduction values against Influenza A and B viruses of PGA/HDP-coated surfaces were estimated to be 5.4 and 3.2, respectively, suggesting that it can be dramatically suppressed the infection of influenza. This is to our knowledge the first observation of PGA-based antiviral coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ashiuchi
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Hakumai
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
| | | | | | - Nogiho Oka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
| | | | - Keizo Yoneda
- Research Center, Toyobo Co., Otsu, Shiga 520-0292, Japan.
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Ashiuchi M. Microbial production and chemical transformation of poly-γ-glutamate. Microb Biotechnol 2013; 6:664-74. [PMID: 23855427 PMCID: PMC3815933 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamate (PGA), a novel polyamide material with industrial applications, possesses a nylon-like backbone, is structurally similar to polyacrylic acid, is biodegradable and is safe for human consumption. PGA is frequently found in the mucilage of natto, a Japanese traditional fermented food. To date, three different types of PGA, namely a homo polymer of D-glutamate (D-PGA), a homo polymer of L-glutamate (L-PGA), and a random copolymer consisting of D- and L-glutamate (DL-PGA), are known. This review will detail the occurrence and physiology of PGA. The proposed reaction mechanism of PGA synthesis including its localization and the structure of the involved enzyme, PGA synthetase, are described. The occurrence of multiple carboxyl residues in PGA likely plays a role in its relative unsuitability for the development of bio-nylon plastics and thus, establishment of an efficient PGA-reforming strategy is of great importance. Aside from the potential applications of PGA proposed to date, a new technique for chemical transformation of PGA is also discussed. Finally, some techniques for PGA and its derivatives in advanced material technology are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ashiuchi
- Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
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