1
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Li C, Li W, Sun X, Wang J, Tao J, Zou Z, Liao G, Zou X, Ni J, Zhang J. Nanoscale Phase Separation in Ternary Organic Solar Cells Based on PTB7:PC 70BM:IC 70BA. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 21:5749-5755. [PMID: 33980389 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a fullerene derivative, IC70BA is widely used in the ternary organic solar cells (TOSCs) to increase the open circuit voltage (Voc) of the devices. Unfortunately, most of the literature shows that IC70BA will lead to a reduction in the short-circuit current density (Jsc) and fill factor (FF). In this work, IC70BA is added to the PTB7:PC70BM binary system to form the ternary system, which is composed of one donor and two fullerene acceptors. Surprisingly, the addition of IC70BA does not immediately lead to a decrease in Jsc and FF. In fact, the appropriate weight ratio of IC70BA in fullerenes can simultaneously increase the Voc, Jsc, and FF of the TOSCs. The synergistic optimization of the surface and bulk morphology of the ternary active layer suppresses the attenuation of Jsc and FF. The smooth surface and suitable phase separation size effectively guarantee the separation, transport and extraction of the charge. Moreover, the addition of IC70BA can significantly improve the hole transport capacity of the active layer, and the optimal hole mobility is 5.13 - 10"4 cm²V-1S-1. Finally, the TOSCs with 10% weight ratio of IC70BA gives the optimal PCE of 9.24% and ideality factor of 2.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province on Information Photonics and Frees pace Optical Communications, College of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province on Information Photonics and Frees pace Optical Communications, College of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province on Information Photonics and Frees pace Optical Communications, College of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province on Information Photonics and Frees pace Optical Communications, College of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayou Tao
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province on Information Photonics and Frees pace Optical Communications, College of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province on Information Photonics and Frees pace Optical Communications, College of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaohua Liao
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province on Information Photonics and Frees pace Optical Communications, College of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchang Zou
- Yueyang DALU Laser Technology Co. Ltd., Yueyang 414000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ni
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nan kai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nan kai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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2
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Seo S, Kim J, Kang H, Lee JW, Lee S, Kim GU, Kim BJ. Polymer Donors with Temperature-Insensitive, Strong Aggregation Properties Enabling Additive-Free, Processing Temperature-Tolerant High-Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soodeok Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseck Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbum Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-U Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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3
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Xu X, Li Y, Peng Q. Recent advances in morphology optimizations towards highly efficient ternary organic solar cells. NANO SELECT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistryand State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistryand State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistryand State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
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An Q, Wang J, Gao W, Ma X, Hu Z, Gao J, Xu C, Hao M, Zhang X, Yang C, Zhang F. Alloy-like ternary polymer solar cells with over 17.2% efficiency. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:538-545. [PMID: 36659185 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ternary strategy has been considered as an efficient method to achieve high performance polymer solar cells (PSCs). A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.22% is achieved in the optimized ternary PSCs with 10 wt% MF1 in acceptors. The over 8% PCE improvement by employing ternary strategy is attributed to the simultaneously increased JSC of 25.68 mA cm-2, VOC of 0.853 V and FF of 78.61% compared with Y6 based binary PSCs. The good compatibility of MF1 and Y6 can be confirmed from Raman mapping, contact angle, cyclic voltammetry and morphology, which is the prerequisite to form alloy-like state. Electron mobility in ternary active layers strongly depends on MF1 content in acceptors due to the different lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels of Y6 and MF1, which can well explain the wave-like varied FF of ternary PSCs. The third-party certified PCE of 16.8% should be one of the highest values for single bulk heterojunction PSCs. This work provides sufficient references for selecting materials to achieve efficient ternary PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoshi An
- School of Electrical Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Taishan University, Taian 271021, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 400072, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhenghao Hu
- School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jinhua Gao
- School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chunyu Xu
- School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Minghui Hao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon & Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 400072, China.
| | - Fujun Zhang
- School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
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5
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Kim SW, Wang Y, You H, Lee W, Michinobu T, Kim BJ. Impact of Incorporating Nitrogen Atoms in Naphthalenediimide-Based Polymer Acceptors on the Charge Generation, Device Performance, and Stability of All-Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:35896-35903. [PMID: 31532612 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Substitution of C atoms in a polymer backbone by N atoms allows for the facile tuning of the energy levels as well as the backbone conformation and packing structures of conjugated polymers. Herein, we report a series of three polymer acceptors (PAs) with N atoms introduced at different positions of the backbone and investigate how these N atoms affect the device performances of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). The three PAs, namely, P(NDI2DT-BTT), P(NDI2DT-PTT), and P(NDI2DT-BTTz), are composed of naphthalenediimide (NDI)-based and benzothiadiazole (BT)-based derivatives (dithiophene-BT (BTT), dithiophene-thiadiazolepyridine (PTT), and dithiazole-BT (BTTz)). The PTT and BTTz units are synthesized by replacing the C atoms in BT and thiophene, respectively, with N atoms, which effectively tune the optical, electrochemical, and charge-transporting properties of the corresponding PAs. The all-PSCs using poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl))benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene)-co-(1,3-di(5-thiophene-2-yl)-5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione)] (PBDB-T) as a polymer donor and P(NDI2DT-PTT) as PA exhibit a significantly enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.95%, whereas the all-PSCs based on the other PAs show relatively lower PCEs (6.02% for PBDB-T:P(NDI2DT-BTT) and 1.43% for PBDB-T:P(NDI2DT-BTTz)). The high PCE of the PBDB-T:P(NDI2DT-PTT) device is due to the superior charge transfer and charge dissociation, resulting from the closely matched energy levels between PBDB-T and P(NDI2DT-PTT), as well as a more favorable bulk heterojunction morphology with improved miscibility. Importantly, the P(NDI2DT-PTT)-based all-PSC device shows improved air stability compared to the P(NDI2DT-BTT)-based device, which is most likely due to a decreased lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level of the PA. Our findings suggest that the incorporation of N atoms into the PAs is an effective strategy for improving the efficiency and stability of all-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Woo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan
| | - Hoseon You
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Wonho Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Kumoh National Institute of Technology , Gumi 39177 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
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6
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Li W, Liu W, Zhang X, Yan D, Liu F, Zhan C. Quaternary Solar Cells with 12.5% Efficiency Enabled with Non‐Fullerene and Fullerene Acceptor Guests to Improve Open Circuit Voltage and Film Morphology. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900353. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceInner Mongolia Normal University Huhhot 010022 China
- CAS Key Laboratory of PhotochemistryInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Wenxu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of PhotochemistryInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of PhotochemistryInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Dong Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of PhotochemistryInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Electronic Materials and DevicesShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Chuanlang Zhan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceInner Mongolia Normal University Huhhot 010022 China
- CAS Key Laboratory of PhotochemistryInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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7
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Yan D, Xin J, Li W, Liu S, Wu H, Ma W, Yao J, Zhan C. 13%-Efficiency Quaternary Polymer Solar Cell with Nonfullerene and Fullerene as Mixed Electron Acceptor Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:766-773. [PMID: 30525389 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we report 13%-efficiency quaternary polymer solar cell. By introducing bis-PC71BM:PC71BM into a known nonfullerene system-poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl))benzo[1,2- b:4,5- b']dithiophene)- co-(1,3-di(5-thiophene-2-yl)-5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1,2- c:4,5- c']dithiophene-4,8-dione):3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone-methyl))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4- n-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3 d:2',3' d']- s-indaceno[1,2 b:5,6 b']dithiophene (PBDB-T:IT-M), the quaternary solar cell significantly outperforms the nonfullerene binary and the ternary (PBDB-T:IT-M:fullerene) devices with a significant increase in the short-circuit current-density (18.2 vs 16.5 and 16.8-17.5 mA/cm2) and the fill factor (0.73 vs 0.67 and 0.707-0.726), and hence, large power conversion efficiency (13% for quaternary vs 11% for the binary and 12% for the ternary). Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering data indicate that both the polymer and IT-M phase crystallinity becomes greater upon introduction of PC71BM as the forth additive into the host ternary PBDB-T:IT-M:bis-PC71BM, which results in an increase in both the electron and hole mobilities, contributing to the Jsc enhancement. Our results indicate that the use of the forth fullerene component provides more choices and more mechanisms than the ternary systems for tuning the photon-to-electron conversion; therefore, sheds light on the realization of high-efficiency polymer solar cells by designing the multiacceptor components with aligned energy levels, complementary absorption spectra, and improved film morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS key Laboratory of Photochemistry , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- College of Chemical Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Weiping Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS key Laboratory of Photochemistry , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- College of Chemical Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Sha Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Hongbin Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS key Laboratory of Photochemistry , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- College of Chemical Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Chuanlang Zhan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS key Laboratory of Photochemistry , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- College of Chemical Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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8
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Kim SW, Kim H, Lee JW, Lee C, Lim B, Lee J, Lee Y, Kim BJ. Synergistic Effects of Terpolymer Regioregularity on the Performance of All-Polymer Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Woo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Honggi Kim
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bogyu Lim
- Future Technology Research Center, Corporate R&D, LG Chem R&D Campus Seoul, LG Science Park, 30 Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07796, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaechol Lee
- Future Technology Research Center, Corporate R&D, LG Chem R&D Campus Seoul, LG Science Park, 30 Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07796, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngu Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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9
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Kim SW, Lee YJ, Lee YW, Koh CW, Lee Y, Kim MJ, Liao K, Cho JH, Kim BJ, Woo HY. Impact of Terminal End-Group of Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor-type Small Molecules on Molecular Packing and Photovoltaic Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:39952-39961. [PMID: 30379525 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized two acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A)-type small molecules (SMs) (P3T4-VCN and P3T4-INCN) with different terminal end-groups (dicyanovinyl (VCN) and 2-methylene-3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)indanone (INCN)) based on the 1,4-bis(thiophenylphenylthiophene)-2,5-difluorophenylene (P3T4) core that possesses high coplanarity because of intrachain noncovalent Coulombic interactions. We investigated the influence of terminal end-groups on intermolecular packing and the resulting electrical and photovoltaic characteristics. A small change in the end-group structure of the SMs induces a significant variation in the torsional structures, molecular packing, and pristine/blend film morphology. It is noteworthy that the less crystalline P3T4-INCN with tilted conformation is highly sensitive to post-treatments (i.e., additives and annealing) such that it permits facile morphological modulation. However, the highly planar and crystalline P3T4-VCN exhibits a strong tolerance toward processing treatments. After morphology optimization, the fullerene-based bulk-heterojunction solar cell of tilted P3T4-INCN exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.68%, which is significantly superior to that of P3T4-VCN:PC71BM (PCE = 1.29%). Our results demonstrate the importance of the terminal end-group for the design of A-D-A-type SMs and their sensitivity toward the postprocessing treatments in optimizing their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Woo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-713 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woong Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-713 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Koh
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-713 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeran Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-713 , Republic of Korea
| | - Min Je Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kin Liao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Khalifa University , Abu Dhabi 127788 , United Arab Emirates
| | - Jeong Ho Cho
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746 , Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-713 , Republic of Korea
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10
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Nguyen TL, Lee C, Kim H, Kim Y, Lee W, Oh JH, Kim BJ, Woo HY. Ethanol-Processable, Highly Crystalline Conjugated Polymers for Eco-Friendly Fabrication of Organic Transistors and Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Luan Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Changyeon Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyoeun Kim
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Youngwoong Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Wonho Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
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11
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Baran D, Ashraf RS, Hanifi DA, Abdelsamie M, Gasparini N, Röhr JA, Holliday S, Wadsworth A, Lockett S, Neophytou M, Emmott CJM, Nelson J, Brabec CJ, Amassian A, Salleo A, Kirchartz T, Durrant JR, McCulloch I. Reducing the efficiency-stability-cost gap of organic photovoltaics with highly efficient and stable small molecule acceptor ternary solar cells. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:363-369. [PMID: 27869824 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Technological deployment of organic photovoltaic modules requires improvements in device light-conversion efficiency and stability while keeping material costs low. Here we demonstrate highly efficient and stable solar cells using a ternary approach, wherein two non-fullerene acceptors are combined with both a scalable and affordable donor polymer, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), and a high-efficiency, low-bandgap polymer in a single-layer bulk-heterojunction device. The addition of a strongly absorbing small molecule acceptor into a P3HT-based non-fullerene blend increases the device efficiency up to 7.7 ± 0.1% without any solvent additives. The improvement is assigned to changes in microstructure that reduce charge recombination and increase the photovoltage, and to improved light harvesting across the visible region. The stability of P3HT-based devices in ambient conditions is also significantly improved relative to polymer:fullerene devices. Combined with a low-bandgap donor polymer (PBDTTT-EFT, also known as PCE10), the two mixed acceptors also lead to solar cells with 11.0 ± 0.4% efficiency and a high open-circuit voltage of 1.03 ± 0.01 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Baran
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KSC, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- IEK5-Photovoltaics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Raja Shahid Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KSC, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - David A Hanifi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Maged Abdelsamie
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KSC, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jason A Röhr
- Department of Physics and Center of Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sarah Holliday
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrew Wadsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sarah Lockett
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marios Neophytou
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KSC, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher J M Emmott
- Department of Physics and Center of Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Grantham Institute for Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics and Center of Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Grantham Institute for Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aram Amassian
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KSC, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Thomas Kirchartz
- IEK5-Photovoltaics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KSC, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Walker BE, Bannock JH, Nightingale AM, deMello JC. Tuning reaction products by constrained optimisation. REACT CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7re00123a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An effective means of defining optimisation criteria for self-optimising criteria is described, applicable to situations where a compromise is sought between several competing objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnaby E. Walker
- Centre for Plastic Electronics
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AY
- UK
| | - James H. Bannock
- Centre for Plastic Electronics
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AY
- UK
| | - Adrian M. Nightingale
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment
- University of Southampton
- Southampton SO17 1BJ
- UK
| | - John C. deMello
- Centre for Plastic Electronics
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AY
- UK
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13
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Oh J, Kranthiraja K, Lee C, Gunasekar K, Kim S, Ma B, Kim BJ, Jin SH. Side-Chain Fluorination: An Effective Approach to Achieving High-Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 7. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:10016-10023. [PMID: 27717212 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Side-chain fluorination of polymers is demonstrated as a highly effective strategy to improve the efficiency of all-polymer solar cells from 2.93% (nonfluorinated P1) to 7.13% (fluorinated P2). This significant enhancement is achieved by synergistic improvements in open-circuit voltage, charge generation, and charge transport, as fluorination of the donor polymer optimizes the band alignment and the film morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kakaraparthi Kranthiraja
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kumarasamy Gunasekar
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonha Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Biwu Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Jin
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
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14
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Gobalasingham NS, Noh S, Howard JB, Thompson BC. Influence of Surface Energy on Organic Alloy Formation in Ternary Blend Solar Cells Based on Two Donor Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:27931-27941. [PMID: 27660888 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The compositional dependence of the open-circuit voltage (Voc) in ternary blend bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells is correlated with the miscibility of polymers, which may be influenced by a number of attributes, including crystallinity, the random copolymer effect, or surface energy. Four ternary blend systems featuring poly(3-hexylthiophene-co-3-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophene) (P3HT75-co-EHT25), poly(3-hexylthiophene-co-(hexyl-3-carboxylate)), herein referred to as poly(3-hexylthiophene-co-3-hexylesterthiophene) (P3HT50-co-3HET50), poly(3-hexylthiophene-thiophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole) (P3HTT-DPP-10%), and an analog of P3HTT-DPP-10% with 40% of 3-hexylthiophene exchanged for 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethylthiophen-2-yl (3MEO-T) (featuring an electronically decoupled oligoether side-chain), referred to as P3HTTDPP-MEO40%, are explored in this work. All four polymers are semicrystalline and rich in rr-P3HT content and perform well in binary devices with PC61BM. Except for P3HTTDPP-MEO40%, all polymers exhibit similar surface energies (∼21-22 mN/m). P3HTTDPP-MEO40% exhibits an elevated surface energy of around 26 mN/m. As a result, despite the similar optoelectronic properties and binary solar cell performance of P3HTTDPP-MEO40% compared to P3HTT-DPP-10%, the former exhibits a pinned Voc in two different sets of ternary blend devices. This is a stark contrast to previous rr-P3HT-based systems and demonstrates that surface energy, and its influence on miscibility, plays a critical role in the formation of organic alloys and can supersede the influence of crystallinity, the random copolymer effect, similar backbone structures, and HOMO/LUMO considerations. Therefore, we confirm surface energy compatibility as a figure-of-merit for predicting the compositional dependence of the Voc in ternary blend solar cells and highlight the importance of polymer miscibility in organic alloy formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemal S Gobalasingham
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Sangtaik Noh
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Jenna B Howard
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Barry C Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
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15
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Cheng P, Yan C, Wu Y, Wang J, Qin M, An Q, Cao J, Huo L, Zhang F, Ding L, Sun Y, Ma W, Zhan X. Alloy Acceptor: Superior Alternative to PCBM toward Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:8021-8028. [PMID: 27337385 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The alloy acceptor (indene-C60 bis-adduct (ICBA)/[6,6]-phenyl-C71 -butyric acid-methyl-ester (PC71 BM)) is employed to replace the widely used fullerene acceptor (PC71 BM) in organic solar cells based on five different polymer donors, which exhibit a higher efficiency and much better device stability than the PC71 BM counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Cenqi Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Meng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoshi An
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Cao
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Huo
- Heeger Beijing Research and Development Center, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Liming Ding
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Sun
- Heeger Beijing Research and Development Center, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
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16
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Khlyabich PP, Rudenko AE, Burkhart B, Thompson BC. Contrasting performance of donor-acceptor copolymer pairs in ternary blend solar cells and two-acceptor copolymers in binary blend solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:2322-2330. [PMID: 25590225 DOI: 10.1021/am5066267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Here two contrasting approaches to polymer-fullerene solar cells are compared. In the first approach, two distinct semi-random donor-acceptor copolymers are blended with phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) to form ternary blend solar cells. The two poly(3-hexylthiophene)-based polymers contain either the acceptor thienopyrroledione (TPD) or diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP). In the second approach, semi-random donor-acceptor copolymers containing both TPD and DPP acceptors in the same polymer backbone, termed two-acceptor polymers, are blended with PC61BM to give binary blend solar cells. The two approaches result in bulk heterojunction solar cells that have the same molecular active-layer components but differ in the manner in which these molecular components are mixed, either by physical mixing (ternary blend) or chemical "mixing" in the two-acceptor (binary blend) case. Optical properties and photon-to-electron conversion efficiencies of the binary and ternary blends were found to have similar features and were described as a linear combination of the individual components. At the same time, significant differences were observed in the open-circuit voltage (Voc) behaviors of binary and ternary blend solar cells. While in case of two-acceptor polymers, the Voc was found to be in the range of 0.495-0.552 V, ternary blend solar cells showed behavior inherent to organic alloy formation, displaying an intermediate, composition-dependent and tunable Voc in the range from 0.582 to 0.684 V, significantly exceeding the values achieved in the two-acceptor containing binary blend solar cells. Despite the differences between the physical and chemical mixing approaches, both pathways provided solar cells with similar power conversion efficiencies, highlighting the advantages of both pathways toward highly efficient organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr P Khlyabich
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
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17
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Dai S, Cheng P, Lin Y, Wang Y, Ma L, Ling Q, Zhan X. Perylene and naphthalene diimide polymers for all-polymer solar cells: a comparative study of chemical copolymerization and physical blend. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00665a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five copolymers, having 4,4,9,9-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]-dithiophene as a donor unit, and perylene diimide (PDI) and/or naphthalene diimide (NDI) as acceptor moieties, were synthesized, and used as electron acceptors in polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuixing Dai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- China
| | - Pei Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Lanchao Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Qidan Ling
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
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18
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Molecular structure-device performance relationship in polymer solar cells based on indene-C60 bis-adduct derivatives. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-014-0220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Kim HJ, Kim JH, Ryu JH, Kim Y, Kang H, Lee WB, Kim TS, Kim BJ. Architectural engineering of rod-coil compatibilizers for producing mechanically and thermally stable polymer solar cells. ACS NANO 2014; 8:10461-70. [PMID: 25256674 DOI: 10.1021/nn503823z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
While most high-efficiency polymer solar cells (PSCs) are made of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blends of conjugated polymers and fullerene derivatives, they have a significant morphological instability issue against mechanical and thermal stress. Herein, we developed an architecturally engineered compatibilizer, poly(3-hexylthiophene)-graft-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P3HT-g-P2VP), that effectively modifies the sharp interface of a BHJ layer composed of a P3HT donor and various fullerene acceptors, resulting in a dramatic enhancement of mechanical and thermal stabilities. We directly measured the mechanical properties of active layer thin films without a supporting substrate by floating a thin film on water, and the enhancement of mechanical stability without loss of the electronic functions of PSCs was successfully demonstrated. Supramolecular interactions between the P2VP of the P3HT-g-P2VP polymers and the fullerenes generated their universal use as compatibilizers regardless of the type of fullerene acceptors, including mono- and bis-adduct fullerenes, while maintaining their high device efficiency. Most importantly, the P3HT-g-P2VP copolymer had better compatibilizing efficiency than linear type P3HT-b-P2VP with much enhanced mechanical and thermal stabilities. The graft architecture promotes preferential segregation at the interface, resulting in broader interfacial width and lower interfacial tension as supported by molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Jun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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20
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Khlyabich PP, Rudenko AE, Street RA, Thompson BC. Influence of polymer compatibility on the open-circuit voltage in ternary blend bulk heterojunction solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:9913-9919. [PMID: 24955941 DOI: 10.1021/am502122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of the open-circuit voltage (Voc) with composition in ternary blend bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells is correlated with the miscibility of the polymers. Ternary blends based on poly[N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) and poly(3-hexylthiophene-thiophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole) (P3HTT-DPP-10%) with phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) acceptor were investigated. The Voc is pinned to the lower value of the P3HTT-DPP-10%:PC61BM binary blend even up to 95% PCDTBT in the polymer fraction. This is in stark contrast to the previously investigated system based on P3HTT-DPP-10%, poly(3-hexylthiophene-co-3-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophene) (P3HT75-co-EHT25), and PC61BM, where the Voc varied regularly across the full composition range, as explained by an organic alloy model, implying strong physical and electronic interaction between the polymers. Photocurrent spectral response (PSR) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements indicate that the present system does not exhibit the hallmarks of alloy formation. Measured values of the surface energies of the polymers support miscibility of P3HTT-DPP-10% with P3HT75-co-EHT25 but not with PCDTBT. Surface energy is proposed as a figure of merit for predicting alloy formation and compositional dependence of the Voc in ternary blend solar cells and miscibility between polymers is proposed as a necessary attribute for polymer pairs that will display alloy behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr P Khlyabich
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
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An Q, Zhang F, Li L, Wang J, Zhang J, Zhou L, Tang W. Improved efficiency of bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells by doping low-bandgap small molecules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:6537-6544. [PMID: 24735205 DOI: 10.1021/am500074s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present performance improved ternary bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells by doping a small molecule, 2,4-bis[4-(N,N-diisobutylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (DIB-SQ), into the common binary blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). The optimized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of P3HT:PC71BM-based cells was improved from 3.05% to 3.72% by doping 1.2 wt % DIB-SQ as the second electron donor, which corresponds to ∼22% PCE enhancement. The main contributions of doping DIB-SQ material on the improved performance of PSCs can be summarized as (i) harvesting more photons in the low-energy range, (ii) increased exciton dissociation, energy transfer, and charge carrier transport in the ternary blend films. The energy transfer process from P3HT to DIB-SQ is demonstrated by time-resolved transient photoluminescence spectra through monitoring the lifetime of 700 nm emission from neat P3HT, DIB-SQ and blended P3HT:DIB-SQ solutions. The lifetime of 700 nm emission is increased from 0.9 ns for neat P3HT solution, to 4.9 ns for neat DIB-SQ solution, to 6.2 ns for P3HT:DIB-SQ blend solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoshi An
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University , 100044, China
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22
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Lim B, Bloking JT, Ponec A, McGehee MD, Sellinger A. Ternary bulk heterojunction solar cells: addition of soluble NIR dyes for photocurrent generation beyond 800 nm. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:6905-6913. [PMID: 24755205 DOI: 10.1021/am5007172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of a tert-butyl-functionalized silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(trihexylsilyloxide) dye molecule as a third component in a ternary blend bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cell containing P3HT (donor) and PC60BM (acceptor) results in increased NIR absorption. This absorption yields an increase of up to 40% in the short-circuit current and up to 19% in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) in photovoltaic devices. Two-dimensional grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (2-D GIWAXS) experiments show that compared to the unfunctionalized dye the tert-butyl functionalization enables an increase in the volume fraction of the dye molecule that can be incorporated before the device performance decreases. Quantum efficiency and absorption spectra also indicate that, at dye concentrations above about 8 wt %, there is an approximately 30 nm red shift in the main silicon naphthalocyanine absorption peak, allowing further dye addition to contribute to added photocurrent. This peak shift is not observed in blends with unfunctionalized dye molecules, however. This simple approach of using ternary blends may be generally applicable for use in other unoptimized BHJ systems towards increasing PCEs beyond current levels. Furthermore, this may offer a new approach towards OPVs that absorb NIR photons without having to design, synthesize, and purify complicated donor-acceptor polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogyu Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University , 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Khlyabich PP, Burkhart B, Rudenko AE, Thompson BC. Optimization and simplification of polymer–fullerene solar cells through polymer and active layer design. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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