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Goetze JW, Benitez C, Bates FS, Ellison CJ. Porous Melt Blown Poly(butylene terephthalate) Fibers with High Ductility and High-Temperature Structural Stability. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:558-564. [PMID: 38635370 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
In this study, porous poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) fibers were produced by melt blowing cocontinuous blends of PBT and polystyrene (PS) and selectively extracting the interconnected PS domains. Small amounts of hydroxyl terminated PS additives that can undergo transesterification with the ester units in PBT were added to stabilize the cocontinuous structure during melt processing. The resulting fibers are highly ductile and display fine porous structural features, which persist at temperatures over 150 °C. Single fiber tensile testing and electron microscopy are presented to demonstrate the role of rapid quenching and drawing of the melt blowing process in defining the fiber properties. The templated highly aligned pore structure, which is not easily produced in solvent-based fiber spinning methods, leads to remarkable mechanical properties of the porous fibers and overcomes the notoriously poor tensile properties common to other cellular materials like foams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Goetze
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Cesar Benitez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78539, United States
| | - Frank S Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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2
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Daglish J, Blacker AJ, de Boer G, Russell SJ, Tausif M, Hose DJ, Parsons AR, Crampton A, Kapur N. A Coalescing Filter for Liquid-Liquid Separation and Multistage Extraction in Continuous-Flow Chemistry. Org Process Res Dev 2024; 28:1979-1989. [PMID: 38783854 PMCID: PMC11110050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Presented here is the design and performance of a coalescing liquid-liquid filter, based on low-cost and readily available meltblown nonwoven substrates for separation of immiscible phases. The performance of the coalescer was determined across three broad classes of fluid mixtures: (i) immiscible organic/aqueous systems, (ii) a surfactant laden organic/aqueous system with modification of the type of emulsion and interfacial surface tension through the addition of sodium chloride, and (iii) a water-acetone/toluene system. The first two classes demonstrated good performance of the equipment in effecting separation, including the separation of a complex emulsion system for which a membrane separator, operating through transport of a preferentially wetting fluid through the membrane, failed entirely. The third system was used to demonstrate the performance of the separator within a multistage liquid-liquid counterflow extraction system. The performance, robust nature, and scalability of coalescing filters should mean that this approach is routinely considered for liquid-liquid separations and extractions within the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Daglish
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - A. John Blacker
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory de Boer
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Muhammad Tausif
- School
of Design, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - David
R. J. Hose
- Chemical
Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Anna R. Parsons
- Chemical
Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Crampton
- Chemical
Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Nikil Kapur
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Alaburdaitė R, Krylova V. Polypropylene film surface modification for improving its hydrophilicity for innovative applications. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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4
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Direct Fluorination as Method of Improvement of Operational Properties of Polymeric Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122836. [PMID: 33260515 PMCID: PMC7760139 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct fluorination of polymers is a widely utilized technique for chemical modification. Such introduction of fluorine into the chemical structure of polymeric materials leads to laminates with highly fluorinated surface layer. The physicochemical properties of this layer are similar to those of perfluorinated polymers that differ by a unique combination of chemical resistance, weak adhesion, low cohesion, and permittivity, often barrier properties, etc. Surface modification by elemental fluorine allows one to avoid laborious synthesis of perfluoropolymers and impart such properties to industrial polymeric materials. The current review is devoted to a detailed consideration of wetting by water, energy characteristics of surfaces, adhesion, mechanical and electrical properties of the polymers, and composites after the direct fluorination.
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Shuai C, Yang Y, Feng P, Peng S, Guo W, Min A, Gao C. A multi-scale porous scaffold fabricated by a combined additive manufacturing and chemical etching process for bone tissue engineering. Int J Bioprint 2018; 4:133. [PMID: 33102914 PMCID: PMC7582010 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v4i2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is critical to develop a fabrication technology for precisely controlling an interconnected porous structure of scaffolds to mimic the native bone microenvironment. In this work, a novel combined process of additive manufacturing (AM) and chemical etching was developed to fabricate graphene oxide/poly(L-lactic acid) (GO/PLLA) scaffolds with multiscale porous structure. Specially, AM was used to fabricate an interconnected porous network with pore sizes of hundreds of microns. And the chemical etching in sodium hydroxide solution constructed pores with several microns or even smaller on scaffolds surface. The degradation period of the scaffolds was adjustable via controlling the size and quantity of pores. Moreover, the scaffolds exhibited surprising bioactivity after chemical etching, which was ascribed to the formed polar groups on scaffolds surfaces. Furthermore, GO improved the mechanical strength of the scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cijun Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Youwen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Pei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shuping Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Wang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Anjie Min
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Chengde Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Abstract
Many applications of polymers require the functionalisation of their surface for use in sensors, composite materials, membranes, microfluidic and biomedical devices and many others. Such surface modifications endow the surface with new properties independent of those of the bulk polymer. This tutorial review describes the different methods, based on very diverse principles, that are available to perform this surface functionalisation, including plasma and UV irradiation, atomic layer deposition, electrochemistry, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, the use of radicals and grafting "on" or "from" polymers. The principles of the different methods are briefly described and many examples are given to highlight the possibilities of the methods and the possible applications. A section is devoted to the surface modification of polymeric nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardan Hetemi
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris Cedex 13, France.
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Demir T, Wei L, Nitta N, Yushin G, Brown PJ, Luzinov I. Toward a Long-Chain Perfluoroalkyl Replacement: Water and Oil Repellency of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Films Modified with Perfluoropolyether-Based Polyesters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:24318-24330. [PMID: 28658580 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Original perfluoropolyethers (PFPE)-based oligomeric polyesters (FOPs) of different macromolecular architecture were synthesized via polycondensation as low surface energy additives to engineering thermoplastics. The oligomers do not contain long-chain perfluoroalkyl segments, which are known to yield environmentally unsafe perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids. To improve the compatibility of the materials with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) we introduced isophthalate segments into the polyesters and targeted the synthesis of lower molecular weight oligomeric macromolecules. The surface properties such as morphology, composition, and wettability of PET/FOP films fabricated from solution were investigated using atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. It was demonstrated that FOPs, when added to PET film, readily migrate to the film surface and bring significant water and oil repellency to the thermoplastic boundary. We have established that the wettability of PET/FOP films depends on three main parameters: (i) end-groups of fluorinated polyesters, (ii) the concentration of fluorinated polyesters in the films, and (iii) equilibration via annealing. The most effective water/oil repellency FOP has two C4F9-PFPE-tails. The addition of this oligomeric polyester to PET allows (even at relatively low concentrations) reaching a level of oil repellency and surface energy comparable to that of polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE/Teflon). Therefore, the materials can be considered suitable replacements for additives containing long-chain perfluoroalkyl substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Demir
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Liying Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Naoki Nitta
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Gleb Yushin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Philip J Brown
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Igor Luzinov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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Wang Z, Liu X, Macosko CW, Bates FS. Nanofibers from water-extractable melt-blown immiscible polymer blends. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Wang Z, Espín L, Bates FS, Kumar S, Macosko CW. Water droplet spreading and imbibition on superhydrophilic poly(butylene terephthalate) melt-blown fiber mats. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Wang Z, Macosko CW, Bates FS. Fluorine-Enriched Melt-Blown Fibers from Polymer Blends of Poly(butylene terephthalate) and a Fluorinated Multiblock Copolyester. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:754-61. [PMID: 26694531 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Melt-blown fibers (dav ∼1 μm) were produced from blends of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and a partially fluorinated random multiblock copolyester (PFCE) leading to enhanced hydrophobicity and even superhydrophobicity (static water contact angle = 157 ± 3°) of the associated fiber mats. XPS measurements demonstrated quantitatively that the surface fluorine content increased systematically with the bulk loading of PFCE, rising to nearly 20 atom %, which corresponds to 41 wt % PFCE at a bulk loading of 10 wt %. The PBT/PFCE fibers exhibit greater fluorine surface segregation than either melt-blown PBT/poly(ethylene-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PBT/PECTFE) fibers or electrospun fibers obtained from blends of poly(styrene) and fluoroalkyl end-capped polystyrene (PS/PSCF). Dynamic contact angle measurements further demonstrated decreased surface adhesion energy of the melt-blown PBT/PFCE fiber mats due to the blooming of PFCE to the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaifei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher W Macosko
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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11
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Manipulating characteristic timescales and fiber morphology in simultaneous centrifugal spinning and photopolymerization. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Higaki Y, Kabayama H, Tao D, Takahara A. Surface Functionalization of Electrospun Poly(butylene terephthalate) Fibers by Surface-Initiated Radical Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Higaki
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kyushu University; 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- JST ERATO Takahara Soft Interfaces Project; 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER); 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kabayama
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kyushu University; 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Di Tao
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kyushu University; 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER); 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahara
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kyushu University; 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- JST ERATO Takahara Soft Interfaces Project; 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER); 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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