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Holzer N, Sharma JK, D’Souza F, Poddutoori PK. Tuning Intramolecular Charge Transfer in Antimony(V) Porphyrin through Axial Fluorination. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:22892-22902. [PMID: 38826543 PMCID: PMC11137685 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Modulation of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) has been tested in two antimony(V) porphyrins, SbT(DMP)P(OMe)2·PF6 and SbT(DMP)P(OTFE)2·PF6, where the meso-positions are occupied by 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl (DMP), and the axial positions are linked with either methoxy (OMe) or trifluoroethoxy (OTFE) units, respectively. The presence of the Sb(+5) ion makes the porphyrin center electron poor. Under this situation, placing electron-rich units in the meso-position creates a condition for push-pull type ICT in the SbT(DMP)P(OMe)2·PF6. Remarkably, it is shown that the ICT character can be further enhanced in SbT(DMP)P(OTFE)2·PF6 with the help of electron-withdrawing TFE units in the axial position, which makes the porphyrin center even more electron scarce. The steady-state and transient studies as well as solvatochromism studies establish the ICT in SbT(DMP)P(OMe)2·PF6 and SbT(DMP)P(OTFE)2·PF6, and the strength of the ICT can be modulated by exploiting the structural properties of antimony(V) porphyrin. The existence of ICT is further supported by density functional theory calculations. The transient studies show that upon excitation of these porphyrin, their charge-transfer states convert to a full charger-separated states with appreciable lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Holzer
- Advanced
Materials Center, University of Minnesota
Duluth, 1405 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Jatan K. Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, # 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Francis D’Souza
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, # 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Prashanth K. Poddutoori
- Advanced
Materials Center, University of Minnesota
Duluth, 1405 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
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2
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Poddutoori PK. Advances and opportunities in Group 15 porphyrin chemistry. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:14287-14296. [PMID: 37791453 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02583g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of Group 15 porphyrins has been established relatively well among the main-group porphyrins. Thus far phosphorus(III), phosphorus(V), arsenic(III), arsenic(V), antimony(III), antimony(V), and bismuth(III) porphyrins have been reported. Their unique axial-bonding ability, rich redox, and optical properties offer an advantage over other main-group or transition metal porphyrins. They could be excellent candidates for a variety of applications such as solar energy harvesting, molecular electronics, molecular catalysis, and biomedical applications. Despite these unique properties, the Group 15 porphyrins are not exploited at their fullest capacity. Recently, there has been some interest, where the richness of Group 15 porphyrin chemistry was explored for some of the above applications. In this context, this article summarizes recent advances in Group 15 porphyrin chemistry and attempts to unravel the tremendous opportunities of these remarkable porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth K Poddutoori
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
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3
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Visible Light Reductive Photocatalysis of Azo-Dyes with n-n Junctions Based on Chemically Deposited CdS. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092924. [PMID: 35566275 PMCID: PMC9105509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New composite photocatalysts have been obtained by chemical bath deposition of CdS on top of either nanostructured crystalline ZrO2 or TiO2 films previously deposited on conductive glass FTO. Their morphological, photoelectrochemical and photochemical properties have been investigated and compared. Time resolved spectroscopic, techniques show that in FTO/TiO2/CdS films the radiative recombination of charges, separated by visible illumination of CdS, is faster than in FTO/ZrO2/CdS, evidencing that carrier dynamics in the two systems is different. Photoelectrochemical investigation evidence a suppression of electron collection in ZrO2/CdS network, whereas electron injection from CdS to TiO2 is very efficient since trap states of TiO2 act as a reservoir for long lived electrons storage. This ability of FTO/TiO2/CdS films is used in the reductive cleavage of N=N bonds of some azo-dyes by visible light irradiation, with formation and accumulation of reduced aminic intermediates, identified by ESI-MS analysis. Needed protons are provided by sodium formate, a good hole scavenger that leaves no residue upon oxidation. FTO/TiO2/CdS has an approximately 100 meV driving force larger than FTO/ZrO2/CdS under illumination for azo-dye reduction and it is always about 10% more active than the seconds. The films showed very high stability and recyclability, ease of handling and recovering.
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Eddahmi M, Sousa V, Moura NMM, Dias CJ, Bouissane L, Faustino MAF, Cavaleiro JAS, Gomes ATPC, Almeida A, Neves MGPMS, Mostapha Rakib E. New nitroindazole-porphyrin conjugates: Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial properties. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:103994. [PMID: 32569896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of new porphyrin-indazole hybrids by a Knoevenagel condensation of 2-formyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin and N-methyl-nitroindazolylacetonitrile derivatives is reported. The target compounds were isolated in moderate to good yields (32-57%) and some of the isolated porphyrin-indazole conjugates showed good performance in the generation of singlet oxygen when irradiated with visible light. Their efficiency as photosensitizers in the photoinactivation of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus-MRSA was evaluated. All derivatives showed to be able to photoinactivate the MRSA bacteria. Compound 3a appears to be the most promising photosensitiser (PS) in the photoinactivation of these bacteria, despite being the least efficient in singlet oxygen generation. The addition of potassium iodide (KI) significantly potentiated the antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) process mediated by all the analysed porphyrin-indazole conjugates. The combined action of nitroindazole-porphyrins with potassium iodide (KI) action appears to be promising in the photoinactivation of MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Eddahmi
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Laboratory of Organic and Analytic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, 2300 Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Vera Sousa
- CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nuno M M Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cristina J Dias
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Latifa Bouissane
- Laboratory of Organic and Analytic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, 2300 Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Maria A F Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - José A S Cavaleiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana T P C Gomes
- Laboratory of Organic and Analytic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, 2300 Beni-Mellal, Morocco.
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria G P M S Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - El Mostapha Rakib
- Laboratory of Organic and Analytic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, 2300 Beni-Mellal, Morocco.
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Co-sensitization of porphyrin and metal-free dye for panchromatic dye-sensitized solar cells. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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6
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Orbelli Biroli A, Tessore F, Di Carlo G, Pizzotti M, Benazzi E, Gentile F, Berardi S, Bignozzi CA, Argazzi R, Natali M, Sartorel A, Caramori S. Fluorinated Zn II Porphyrins for Dye-Sensitized Aqueous Photoelectrosynthetic Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:32895-32908. [PMID: 31429275 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three perfluorinated ZnII porphyrins were evaluated as n-type sensitizers in photoelectrosynthetic cells for HBr and water splitting. All the dyes are featured by the presence of pentafluorophenyl electron-withdrawing groups to increase the ground-state oxidation potential and differ for the nature and position of the π-conjugate linker between the core and anchoring group tasked to bind the metal oxide, in order to assess the best way of coupling with the semiconductor. A phenyl-triazole moiety was used to link the carboxylic anchoring group onto the meso position, while an ethynyl-phenyl linker was chosen to bridge carboxylic and cyanoacrylic groups onto the β-pyrrolic position. A combination of electrochemical, computational, and spectroscopic investigations confirmed the strong electron-withdrawing effect of the perfluorinated porphyrin core, which assures all the investigated dyes of the high oxidation potential required to the coupling with water oxidation catalysts (WOC). Such an electron-poor core, however, affects the charge separation character of the dyes, as demonstrated by the spatial distribution of the excited states, leading to a nonquantitative charge injection, although tilting of the molecules on the semiconductor surface could bring the porphyrin ring closer to the semiconductor, offering additional charge-transfer pathways. Indeed, all the dyes demonstrated successful in the splitting of both aqueous HBr and water, with the best results found for the SnO2/TiO2 photoanode sensitized with the β-substituted porphyrin equipped with a cyanoacrylic terminal group, achieving 0.4 and 0.1 mA/cm2 photoanodic currents in HBr and water under visible light, respectively. The faradaic yield for oxygen evolution in the presence of an IrIV catalyst was over 95%, and the photoanode operation was stable for more than 1000 s. Thus, the perfluorinated porphyrins with a cyanoacrylic anchoring group at the β-position should be considered for further development to improve the charge-transfer character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Orbelli Biroli
- Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies of the National Research Council (CNR-ISTM), SmartMatLab Centre , via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Francesca Tessore
- Department of Chemistry , University of Milano, INSTM RU , via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Carlo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Milano, INSTM RU , via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Maddalena Pizzotti
- Department of Chemistry , University of Milano, INSTM RU , via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Padova , Via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
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7
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Di Carlo G, Orbelli Biroli A, Pizzotti M, Tessore F. Efficient Sunlight Harvesting by A 4 β-Pyrrolic Substituted Zn II Porphyrins: A Mini-Review. Front Chem 2019; 7:177. [PMID: 31032244 PMCID: PMC6470396 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) are a highly promising alternative to conventional photovoltaic silicon-based devices, due to the potential low cost and the interesting conversion efficiencies. A key-role is played by the dye, and porphyrin sensitizers have drawn great interest because of their excellent light harvesting properties mimicking photosynthesis. Indeed, porphyrins are characterized by strong electronic absorption bands in the visible region up to the near infrared and by long-lived π* singlet excited states. Moreover, the presence of four meso and eight β-pyrrolic positions allows a fine tuning of their photoelectrochemical properties through structural modification. Trans-A2BC push-pull ZnII porphyrins, characterized by a strong and directional electron excitation process along the push-pull system, have been extensively investigated. On the other hand, A4 β-pyrrolic substituted tetraaryl ZnII porphyrins, which incorporate a tetraaryl porphyrinic core as a starting material, have received lower attention, even if they are synthetically more attractive and show several advantages such as a more sterically hindered architecture and enhanced solubility in most common organic solvents. The present contribution intends to review the most prominent A4 β-substituted ZnII porphyrins reported in the literature so far for application in DSSCs, focusing on the strategies employed to enhance the light harvesting capability of the dye and on a comparison with meso-substituted analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Di Carlo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, UdR INSTM Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Orbelli Biroli
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), SmartMatLab Centre, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Pizzotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, UdR INSTM Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Tessore
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, UdR INSTM Milano, Milan, Italy
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8
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Unclogging electron-transporting channels via self-assembly for improving light harvesting and stability of dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Thomas MB, Jindasa RW, Hu Y, Schmitz B, Wang H, D’Souza F. Investigation of the push–pull effects on β-functionalized zinc porphyrin coordinated to C60 donor–acceptor conjugates. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two novel β-functionalized push–pull zinc porphyrins with amine or phenyl push-groups and cyclic imide or carboxylic esters pull-groups have been newly synthesized for light energy harvesting applications. The ethynylphenyl spacers extended the conjugation of the porphyrin π-systems, as reflected by their red-shifted absorbance and fluorescence spectra. Computational studies performed at the B3LYP/6-31G* level indicated no steric hindrance between the porphyrin π-system and the substituents. The calculated HOMO and LUMO orbitals displayed significant delocalization in 1, where the electron density in the HOMO was localized over the push groups, whereas the LUMO was extended over the porphyrin π- and pull-groups. On the other hand, 2 did not display significant orbital segregation, which is attributed to its weaker push–pull character. Electrochemical studies revealed smaller HOMO–LUMO gaps for the push–pull zinc porphyrins. As a consequence of the push–pull effects, reduction in fluorescence intensity and lifetime was observed. Femtosecond transient absorption spectral studies revealed successful formation of singlet excited state in both of the push–pull porphyrins. Donor–acceptor conjugates were subsequently built and characterized by coordinating an electron acceptor, C60Im, via metal–ligand axial coordination. Efficient photo-induced charge separation in both donor–acceptor conjugates was witnessed wherein the charge-separated states persisted tens of nanoseconds prior returning to the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - R.G. Waruna Jindasa
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Benjamin Schmitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 701 E High Street, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Francis D’Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
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10
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Abstract
This short review outlines the main results obtained by our research group over the last 15 years in the field of porphyrins and metal porphyrins for second order nonlinear optics (NLO). This overview aims to provide a general framework of the key factors which affect the second order NLO response of porphyrin chromophores. The pivotal role of the porphyrin ring as π-conjugated linker, the nature of the metal center, the substitution pattern which features the geometrical arrangement of donor and acceptor substituents in the different classes of porphyrin NLO-phores, as well as the aggregation phenomena and the role of solvents are addressed in detail.
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11
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Parsa Z, Naghavi SS, Safari N. Designing Push-Pull Porphyrins for Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5870-5877. [PMID: 29921128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b03668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, tremendous effort has been made to improve the light-harvesting ability of push-pull porphyrin dyes. Despite notable success achieved in this direction, push-pull porphyrin dyes still suffer from a poor light-harvesting efficiency owing to the lack of absorption between the Soret and Q-bands. To tackle this issue, here we design a series of push-pull porphyrin dyes with anchoring groups either at meso- or β-position using calculations based on first-principles time-dependent density functional theory. In contrast to the common perception, we find that porphyrin dyes bearing an electron-donor at the meso-position and an electron-acceptor at the β-position produce an additional extended band between the Soret and Q-bands appearing at around 500 nm due to S0 → S3 excitation, leading to a much higher light-harvesting performances compared to meso- and β-disubstituted ones. In addition, changing the π-conjugated linker at the acceptor site from ethylene linker (C═C) to acetylene linker (C≡C) further improves the light-harvesting ability of meso-β-porphyrin dyes, making them promising candidates for dye-sensitized solar cell application.
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12
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Song H, Liu Q, Xie Y. Porphyrin-sensitized solar cells: systematic molecular optimization, coadsorption and cosensitization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1811-1824. [PMID: 29372729 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09671b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As a promising low-cost solar energy conversion technique, dye-sensitized solar cells have undergone spectacular development since 1991. For practical applications, improvement of power conversion efficiency has always been one of the major research topics. Porphyrins are outstanding sensitizers endowed with strong sunlight harvesting ability in the visible region and multiple reaction sites available for functionalization. However, judicious molecular design in consideration of light-harvest, energy levels, operational dynamics, adsorption geometry and suppression of back reactions is specifically required for achieving excellent photovoltaic performance. This feature article highlights some of the recently developed porphyrin sensitizers, especially focusing on the systematic dye structure optimization approach in combination with coadsorption and cosensitization methods in pursuing higher efficiencies. Herein, we expect to provide more insights into the structure-performance correlation and molecular engineering strategies in a stepwise manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Song
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
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13
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β-Substituted ZnII porphyrins as dyes for DSSC: A possible approach to photovoltaic windows. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Ram Kumar P, Mothi EM, Ramesh M, Kathiravan A. Zn-Porphyrin propped with hydantoin anchor: synthesis, photophysics and electron injection/recombination dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:5117-5127. [PMID: 29392257 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07326g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, Zn-porphyrin with a hydantoin anchor (ZnPHy) was designed and synthesized for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) applications. The synthesized ZnPHy was well characterized using IR, NMR and mass spectral techniques, and satisfactory results were obtained. Cyclic voltammetry, UV-visible absorption, steady-state fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopic techniques were employed to elucidate the electrochemical and photophysical properties of ZnPHy. The obtained properties revealed that the synthesized ZnPHy can be used as a photosensitizer for DSC applications. The nature of ZnPHy binding onto the TiO2 surface was investigated using ATR-FTIR and UV-Vis absorption measurements. The amount of adsorbed ZnPHy on TiO2 surface was reasonably fit using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, with a binding constant value of 1.03 × 105 M-1. Time-resolved measurements were used to elucidate the rate of electron injection and the regeneration and recombination kinetics for ZnPHy/TiO2 film. The ZnPHy showed a high electron injection rate with a ϕinj of 99%. Intriguingly, the rate of electron recombination is much slower than the rates reported for carboxyl-based Zn-porphyrins. Such a high electron injection and slow electron recombination rate are beneficial to produce long-lived electrical current in a photovoltaic device. Thus, the ZnPHy-sensitized TiO2 electrode showed the best photovoltaic performance, with the short-circuit photocurrent density (JSC), open-circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (ff) of 3.49 mA cm-2, 0.6 V and 0.52, respectively, yielding an overall conversion efficiency (η) of 1.01%. For comparison, the ZnCOOH-sensitized electrode was also fabricated under the same conditions and yielded the η value of 0.84%. Hence, the hydantoin moiety could be a potential alternative anchoring group for DSC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poomani Ram Kumar
- Centre for Scientific and Applied Research, PSN College of Engineering and Technology, Melathediyoor, Tirunelveli - 627 152, India.
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15
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Covezzi A, Orbelli Biroli A, Tessore F, Forni A, Marinotto D, Biagini P, Di Carlo G, Pizzotti M. 4D-π-1A type β-substituted Zn II-porphyrins: ideal green sensitizers for building-integrated photovoltaics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:12642-12645. [PMID: 27722549 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05870a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel green β-substituted ZnII-porphyrins, G1 and G2, based on a 4D-π-1A type substitution pattern have been synthesized. Their enhanced push-pull character, by reduction of H-L energy gaps, promotes broadening and red-shifting of absorption bands. The effective synthetic pathway and the remarkable spectroscopic properties make G2 ideal for BIPV application.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Covezzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, INSTM Research Unit, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - A Orbelli Biroli
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), SmartMatLab Centre, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Tessore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, INSTM Research Unit, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - A Forni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), SmartMatLab Centre, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D Marinotto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, INSTM Research Unit, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - P Biagini
- Research Center for Renewable Energy & Environmental, Istituto Donegani, ENI S.p.A., via Fauser 4, I-28100, Novara, Italy
| | - G Di Carlo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, INSTM Research Unit, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - M Pizzotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, INSTM Research Unit, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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16
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Colombo A, Di Carlo G, Dragonetti C, Magni M, Orbelli Biroli A, Pizzotti M, Roberto D, Tessore F, Benazzi E, Bignozzi CA, Casarin L, Caramori S. Coupling of Zinc Porphyrin Dyes and Copper Electrolytes: A Springboard for Novel Sustainable Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:14189-14197. [PMID: 29091412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The combination of β-substituted Zn2+ porphyrin dyes and copper-based electrolytes represents a sustainable route for economic and environmentally friendly dye-sensitized solar cells. Remarkably, a new copper electrolyte, [Cu(2-mesityl-1,10-phenanthroline)2]+/2+, exceeds the performance reached by Co2+/3+ and I-/I3- reference electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Chimica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,UdR INSTM di Milano , via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) , SmartMatLab Centre, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Carlo
- Dipartimento di Chimica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,UdR INSTM di Milano , via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Dragonetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,UdR INSTM di Milano , via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) , SmartMatLab Centre, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mirko Magni
- Dipartimento di Chimica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,UdR INSTM di Milano , via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessio Orbelli Biroli
- UdR INSTM di Milano , via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) , SmartMatLab Centre, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maddalena Pizzotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,UdR INSTM di Milano , via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) , SmartMatLab Centre, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dominique Roberto
- Dipartimento di Chimica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,UdR INSTM di Milano , via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) , SmartMatLab Centre, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Tessore
- Dipartimento di Chimica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,UdR INSTM di Milano , via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) , SmartMatLab Centre, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Benazzi
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara , Via F. di Mortara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Bignozzi
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara , Via F. di Mortara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Casarin
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara , Via F. di Mortara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara , Via F. di Mortara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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17
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Waruna Jinadasa RG, Thomas MB, Hu Y, D'Souza F, Wang H. Investigation of the push–pull effects on β-functionalized benzoporphyrins bearing an ethynylphenyl bridge. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:13182-13188. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00024c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
β-Functionalized opp-dibenzoporphyrins show significant push–pull effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Texas
- Denton
- USA
| | | | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Texas
- Denton
- USA
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18
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Versatile copper complexes as a convenient springboard for both dyes and redox mediators in dye sensitized solar cells. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Caramori S, Ronconi F, Argazzi R, Carli S, Boaretto R, Busatto E, Bignozzi CA. Solar Energy Conversion in Photoelectrochemical Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-31671-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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20
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Di Carlo G, Orbelli Biroli A, Tessore F, Rizzato S, Forni A, Magnano G, Pizzotti M. Light-Induced Regiospecific Bromination of meso-Tetra(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)Porphyrin on 2,12 β-Pyrrolic Positions. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4973-80. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Di Carlo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessio Orbelli Biroli
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Technologies of CNR (ISTM-CNR), Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Tessore
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Rizzato
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Forni
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Technologies of CNR (ISTM-CNR), Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Magnano
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maddalena Pizzotti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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21
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Urbani M, Grätzel M, Nazeeruddin MK, Torres T. Meso-substituted porphyrins for dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem Rev 2014; 114:12330-96. [PMID: 25495339 DOI: 10.1021/cr5001964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 537] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Urbani
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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