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Akiyama N, Patel KD, Jang EJ, Shannon MR, Patel R, Patel M, Perriman AW. Tubular nanomaterials for bone tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:6225-6248. [PMID: 37309580 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00905j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterial composition, morphology, and mechanical performance are critical parameters for tissue engineering. Within this rapidly expanding space, tubular nanomaterials (TNs), including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), titanium oxide nanotubes (TNTs), halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), silica nanotubes (SiNTs), and hydroxyapatite nanotubes (HANTs) have shown significant potential across a broad range of applications due to their high surface area, versatile surface chemistry, well-defined mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility, and monodispersity. These include drug delivery vectors, imaging contrast agents, and scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. This review is centered on the recent developments in TN-based biomaterials for structural tissue engineering, with a strong focus on bone tissue regeneration. It includes a detailed literature review on TN-based orthopedic coatings for metallic implants and composite scaffolds to enhance in vivo bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Akiyama
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Cooper Union of the Advancement of Science and Art, New York City, NY 10003, USA
| | - Kapil D Patel
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Eun Jo Jang
- Nano Science and Engineering (NSE), Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, South Korea
| | - Mark R Shannon
- Bristol Composites Institute (BCI), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UP, UK
| | - Rajkumar Patel
- Energy and Environmental Science and Engineering (EESE), Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, South Korea
| | - Madhumita Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
| | - Adam Willis Perriman
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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Fekrazad R, Tondnevis F, Abolhasani MM. In-Vitro Evaluation of Novel Polycaprolactone/ Chitosan/ Carbon Nano Tube Scaffold for Tissue Regeneration. J Biomed Phys Eng 2022; 12:395-402. [PMID: 36059279 PMCID: PMC9395625 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients lose their organs or tissues due to disease, trauma, or a variety of genetic disorders. Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary science to regenerate or restore tissue or organ function and an appropriate scaffold is the first and certainly a crucial step in tissue engineering strategies. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to fabricate and evaluate the in-vitro response of porous nano Polycaprolactone (PCL)/ chitosan/ multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) scaffold for tissue regeneration. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this experimental research, a novel scaffold containing MWCNTs in polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofibrous scaffold was synthesized by electrospinning technique. RESULTS According to scanning electron microscopy SEM images, by increasing the number of MWCNT in the scaffold by 2%, the average diameter decreased significantly for fabricated scaffolds with 5% MWCNTs. Based on the results, the scaffolds plunged from submicron to nanoscale fibers at about 80 nm. In addition, by adding more MWCNT to the nanofibrous scaffold, the biodegradation rate was decreased by 32%. However, mechanical characterization demonstrates that the higher level of MWCNT increases young modulus by 96%, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay illustrated that MWCNTs could enhance bioactivity and cell- scaffold relationship in addition to alkaline phosphatase (ALP). CONCLUSION MWCNT significantly improves the physical and mechanical properties of fabricated scaffolds and in-vitro assessment demonstrated that the prepared nanofibrous scaffold containing 4% MWCNT could be a very useful biocompatible material for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Fekrazad
- DDS, Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- DDS, International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farbod Tondnevis
- PhD, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Mahdi Abolhasani
- PhD, Department of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Materials & Energy Research Center (MERC), Karaj, Iran
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Mirmusavi MH, Ahmadian M, Karbasi S. Polycaprolactone-chitosan/multi-walled carbon nanotube: A highly strengthened electrospun nanocomposite scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1801-1814. [PMID: 35487378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is an avascular connective tissue with a slow healing rate. Tissue engineering scaffolds can provide appropriate condition to stimulate the natural healing mechanism of the damaged tissue. In this study, the electrospun nanocomposite scaffolds based on polycaprolactone (PCL)-chitosan/carboxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were fabricated with different concentrations of MWCNTs including 0.5 and 1 wt%. The samples were characterized in terms of morphology, porosity, physicochemical structure, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, bioactivity, biodegradation and cell response. The scaffold containing 0.5 wt% MWCNTs presented the lowest fiber diameter (99 ± 15 nm) and the highest tensile strength (33.81 ± 6.76 MPa) (p ≤ 0.05), which were considerable for electrospun structures. The porosity percentage of the scaffolds were maintained above 80% which is appropriate for tissue engineering. As the MWCNTs increased, the water contact angle decreased due to the increase in the hydrophilic carboxyl functional groups related to the MWCNTs. MWCNTs increased the crystallinity of the scaffold, leading to a more bioactivity and stability proportional to healing rate of a natural cartilage. Chondrocytes were well cultured on the scaffold containing MWCNTs and presented more cell viability compared to the sample without MWCNTs. The PCL-chitosan/0.5wt.%MWCNTs scaffold can be considered for supplemental studies in cartilage tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Ahmadian
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111 Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Saeed Karbasi
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461 Isfahan, Iran.
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Batakliev T, Ivanov E, Angelov V, Spinelli G, Kotsilkova R. Advanced Nanomechanical Characterization of Biopolymer Films Containing GNPs and MWCNTs in Hybrid Composite Structure. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040709. [PMID: 35215037 PMCID: PMC8877293 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Nanomechanical definition of the properties of composite specimens based on polylactic acid (PLA) was made in the present study. Research activities with accent on biodegradable polymer nanocomposites have fundamental significance originated from the worldwide plastic waste pollution. To receive hybrid nanocomposites with high level of homogeneity, the low cost and environmentally friendly melt extrusion method has been applied. The role of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as reinforcing nanoparticles dispersed in the polymer matrix was thoroughly investigated. Quasi-static nanoindentation analysis was enriched by performance of accelerated property mapping and nanodynamic mechanical testing in order to fully describe the nanoscale surface homogeneity and stress relaxation behavior of the nanocomposite specimens. That novelty of the research approach had a well-marked contribution over the detection of the new samples’ nanomechanical features as a function of the type of carbon nanofiller. Refined nanoscratch experiments uncovered the resistance of the materials against notches by means of measurement of the coefficient of friction and accurate estimation of the residual penetration depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todor Batakliev
- Open Laboratory on Experimental Micro and Nano Mechanics (OLEM), Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 4, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.I.); (V.A.); (G.S.); (R.K.)
- Research and Development of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies (NanoTech Lab Ltd.), Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 4, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
| | - Evgeni Ivanov
- Open Laboratory on Experimental Micro and Nano Mechanics (OLEM), Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 4, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.I.); (V.A.); (G.S.); (R.K.)
- Research and Development of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies (NanoTech Lab Ltd.), Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 4, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Verislav Angelov
- Open Laboratory on Experimental Micro and Nano Mechanics (OLEM), Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 4, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.I.); (V.A.); (G.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Giovanni Spinelli
- Open Laboratory on Experimental Micro and Nano Mechanics (OLEM), Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 4, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.I.); (V.A.); (G.S.); (R.K.)
- Faculty of Transport Sciences and Technologies, University of Study “Giustino Fortunato”, Via Raffaele Delcogliano 12, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Rumiana Kotsilkova
- Open Laboratory on Experimental Micro and Nano Mechanics (OLEM), Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 4, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.I.); (V.A.); (G.S.); (R.K.)
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Lopez de Armentia S, del Real JC, Paz E, Dunne N. Advances in Biodegradable 3D Printed Scaffolds with Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Bone Regeneration. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13225083. [PMID: 33187218 PMCID: PMC7697295 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone possesses an inherent capacity to fix itself. However, when a defect larger than a critical size appears, external solutions must be applied. Traditionally, an autograft has been the most used solution in these situations. However, it presents some issues such as donor-site morbidity. In this context, porous biodegradable scaffolds have emerged as an interesting solution. They act as external support for cell growth and degrade when the defect is repaired. For an adequate performance, these scaffolds must meet specific requirements: biocompatibility, interconnected porosity, mechanical properties and biodegradability. To obtain the required porosity, many methods have conventionally been used (e.g., electrospinning, freeze-drying and salt-leaching). However, from the development of additive manufacturing methods a promising solution for this application has been proposed since such methods allow the complete customisation and control of scaffold geometry and porosity. Furthermore, carbon-based nanomaterials present the potential to impart osteoconductivity and antimicrobial properties and reinforce the matrix from a mechanical perspective. These properties make them ideal for use as nanomaterials to improve the properties and performance of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. This work explores the potential research opportunities and challenges of 3D printed biodegradable composite-based scaffolds containing carbon-based nanomaterials for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lopez de Armentia
- Institute for Research in Technology/Mechanical Engineering Dept., Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (S.L.d.A.); (J.C.d.R.)
| | - Juan Carlos del Real
- Institute for Research in Technology/Mechanical Engineering Dept., Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (S.L.d.A.); (J.C.d.R.)
| | - Eva Paz
- Institute for Research in Technology/Mechanical Engineering Dept., Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (S.L.d.A.); (J.C.d.R.)
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Nicholas Dunne
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (N.D.)
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Multi-walled carbon nanotube-incorporating electrospun composite fibrous mats for controlled drug release profile. Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Shah TV, Vasava DV. A glimpse of biodegradable polymers and their biomedical applications. E-POLYMERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2019-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOver the past two decades, biodegradable polymers (BPs) have been widely used in biomedical applications such as drug carrier, gene delivery, tissue engineering, diagnosis, medical devices, and antibacterial/antifouling biomaterials. This can be attributed to numerous factors such as chemical, mechanical and physiochemical properties of BPs, their improved processibility, functionality and sensitivity towards stimuli. The present review intended to highlight main results of research on advances and improvements in terms of synthesis, physical properties, stimuli response, and/or applicability of biodegradable plastics (BPs) during last two decades, and its biomedical applications. Recent literature relevant to this study has been cited and their developing trends and challenges of BPs have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas V. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat- 380009, India
| | - Dilip V. Vasava
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat- 380009, India
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8
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Mirmusavi MH, Zadehnajar P, Semnani D, Karbasi S, Fekrat F, Heidari F. Evaluation of physical, mechanical and biological properties of poly 3-hydroxybutyrate-chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube/silk nano-micro composite scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:822-835. [PMID: 30940593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nano-micro scaffolds are developed for long-term healing tissue engineering like cartilage. The poly 3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB)-chitosan/silk and P3HB-chitosan-1 wt% multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized by COOH (MWNTs)/silk nano-micro scaffolds are fabricated through electrospinning the solution on a knitted silk which is saturated (S) or unsaturated (U) with P3HB as a mediator to enhance the interaction at nano/microinterface. Consuming MWNTs lead to a decrease in fiber diameter, while an increase in specific surface area, tensile strength and bioactivity properties. The saturation condition as well as MWNTs leads to intensification in the hydrophilicity properties. The nanolayer in all scaffolds lead to an increase in tensile strength in comparison with the pure knitted silk. The scaffold containing MWNTs showed slower degradation rate. MWNTs beside the chitosan and silk provide an appropriate environment for attachment and growth of chondrocytes. The P3HB-chitosan-MWNTs/silk (S) nano-microscaffold can be appropriate for a long-term tissue engineering application like cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Mirmusavi
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advance Technology in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 8174673461 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Zadehnajar
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, 1439957131 Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Semnani
- Department of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 8415683111 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeed Karbasi
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advance Technology in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 8174673461 Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Farnoosh Fekrat
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advance Technology in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 8174673461 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariba Heidari
- Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 8174673461 Isfahan, Iran
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Deliormanlı AM, Atmaca H. Prechondrogenic ATDC5 cell response to graphene/multi-walled carbon nanotube-containing porous polycaprolactone biocomposite scaffolds. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1539984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aylin M. Deliormanlı
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Harika Atmaca
- Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Biology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey
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Kaur T, Kulanthaivel S, Thirugnanam A, Banerjee I, Pramanik K. Biological and mechanical evaluation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based composites reinforced with 1D, 2D and 3D carbon biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration. Biomed Mater 2017; 12:025012. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa5f76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Tsou CH, Yao WH, Lu YC, Tsou CY, Wu CS, Chen J, Wang RY, Su C, Hung WS, De Guzman M, Suen MC. Antibacterial Property and Cytotoxicity of a Poly(lactic acid)/Nanosilver-Doped Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E100. [PMID: 30970779 PMCID: PMC6431862 DOI: 10.3390/polym9030100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel method was used to synthesize a nanosilver-doped multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT-Ag), and subsequently, the novel poly(lactic acid) (PLA)- and MWCNT-Ag-based biocompatible and antimicrobial nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending. Based on energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry images, an MWCNT-Ag was successfully synthesized. The effect of the MWCNT-Ag on the PLA bionanocomposites was investigated by evaluating their thermal and mechanical properties, antifungal activity, and cytotoxicity. The nanocomposites exhibited a high degree of biocompatibility with the MWCNT-Ag content, which was less than 0.3 phr. Furthermore, tensile strength testing, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and antibacterial evaluation revealed that the tensile strength, thermostability, glass transition temperature, and antibacterial properties were enhanced by increasing the MWCNT-Ag content. Finally, hydrolysis analysis indicated that the low MWCNT-Ag content could increase the packing density of PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hui Tsou
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
- Faculties of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Faculties of Materials Engineering, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, China.
- Department of Materials Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Wei-Hua Yao
- Department of Materials and Textiles, Oriental Institute of Technology, New Taipei City 22061, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yuan Tsou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
- Faculty of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huan'an 223003, China.
| | - Chin-San Wu
- Department of Applied Cosmetology, Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung 82101, Taiwan.
| | - Jian Chen
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Ruo Yao Wang
- Department of Molecular Science & Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Chaochin Su
- Department of Molecular Science & Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Song Hung
- Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Manuel De Guzman
- Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Maw-Cherng Suen
- Department of Fashion Business Administration, Lee-Ming Institute of Technology, Taishan, New Taipei City 24305, Taiwan.
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Ho CMB, Mishra A, Lin PTP, Ng SH, Yeong WY, Kim YJ, Yoon YJ. 3D Printed Polycaprolactone Carbon Nanotube Composite Scaffolds for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chee Meng Benjamin Ho
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore
- A*STAR's Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech); 2 Fusionopolis Way, Level 10 Innovis and Kinesis 138634 Singapore
| | - Abhinay Mishra
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore
| | - Pearlyn Teo Pei Lin
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore
| | - Sum Huan Ng
- A*STAR's Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech); 2 Fusionopolis Way, Level 10 Innovis and Kinesis 138634 Singapore
| | - Wai Yee Yeong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore
| | - Yong-Jin Yoon
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore
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Feng P, Peng S, Wu P, Gao C, Huang W, Deng Y, Shuai C. A space network structure constructed by tetraneedlelike ZnO whiskers supporting boron nitride nanosheets to enhance comprehensive properties of poly(L-lacti acid) scaffolds. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33385. [PMID: 27629058 PMCID: PMC5024306 DOI: 10.1038/srep33385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the mechanical strength and modulus of poly(L-lacti acid) (PLLA) scaffolds were enhanced with the mechanical properties of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) and tetraneedlelike ZnO whiskers (T-ZnOw). The adhesion and proliferation of cells were improved as well as osteogenic differentiation of stem cells was increased. Their dispersion statues in PLLA matrix were improved through a space network structure constructed by three-dimensional T-ZnOw supporting two-dimensional BNNSs. The results showed that the compressive strength, modulus and Vickers hardness of the scaffolds with incorporation of 1 wt% BNNSs and 7 wt% T-ZnOw together were about 96.15%, 32.86% and 357.19% higher than that of the PLLA scaffolds, respectively. This might be due to the effect of the pull out and bridging of BNNSs and T-ZnOw as well as the crack deflection, facilitating the formation of effective stress transfer between the reinforcement phases and the matrix. Furthermore, incorporation of BNNSs and T-ZnOw together into PLLA scaffolds was beneficial for attachment and viability of MG-63 cells. More importantly, the scaffolds significantly increased proliferation and promoted osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). The enhanced mechanical and biological properties provide the potentials of PLLA/BNNSs/T-ZnOw scaffolds for the application into bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Feng
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, the State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Shuping Peng
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ping Wu
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Chengde Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, the State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, the State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Youwen Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Cijun Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, the State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Oprych KM, Whitby RLD, Mikhalovsky SV, Tomlins P, Adu J. Repairing Peripheral Nerves: Is there a Role for Carbon Nanotubes? Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1253-71. [PMID: 27027923 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury continues to be a major global health problem that can result in debilitating neurological deficits and neuropathic pain. Current state-of-the-art treatment involves reforming the damaged nerve pathway using a nerve autograft. Engineered nerve repair conduits can provide an alternative to the nerve autograft avoiding the inevitable tissue damage caused at the graft donor site. Commercially available nerve repair conduits are currently only considered suitable for repairing small nerve lesions; the design and performance of engineered conduits requires significant improvements to enable their use for repairing larger nerve defects. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an emerging novel material for biomedical applications currently being developed for a range of therapeutic technologies including scaffolds for engineering and interfacing with neurological tissues. CNTs possess a unique set of physicochemical properties that could be useful within nerve repair conduits. This progress report aims to evaluate and consolidate the current literature pertinent to CNTs as a biomaterial for supporting peripheral nerve regeneration. The report is presented in the context of the state-of-the-art in nerve repair conduit design; outlining how CNTs may enhance the performance of next generation peripheral nerve repair conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Oprych
- Department of Brain, Repair and Rehabilitation; Institute of Neurology; University College London; Queen Square London WC1N 3BG UK
| | | | - Sergey V. Mikhalovsky
- School of Engineering; Nazarbayev University; Astana 010000 Kazakhstan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Brighton; Brighton BN2 4GJ UK
| | | | - Jimi Adu
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science; University of Brighton; Brighton BN2 4GJ UK
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15
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Leal CV, Martinez DST, Más BA, Alves OL, Duek EAR. Influence of purified multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the mechanical and morphological behavior in poly (L-lactic acid) matrix. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 59:547-560. [PMID: 27038896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Poly (L-latic acid) (PLLA) is a bioresorbable polymer widely used as a biomaterial, but its fragility can limit its use. An alternative is to produce polymer nanocomposites, which can enhance the mechanical properties of polymeric matrix, resulting in a material with differentiated properties. In this work, PLLA based nanocomposites containing 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0wt% of purified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (p-MWCNTs) were prepared by the solvent casting method. The morphology and mechanical properties results show an improvement in strain at break for 0.25 and 0.5wt% p-MWCNTs and an increase in stiffness and elastic modulus for all compositions. Nanocomposites presented a p-MWCNTs agglomeration; however, there was a good stress transfer between PLLA and p-MWCNTs, which was confirmed by the increase in the hardness and elastic modulus. Atomic force microscopy analysis indicated an increase in roughness after nanotube addition. The in vitro biological study showed that PLLA/p-MWCNTs nanocomposites are cytocompatible with osteoblasts cells. The capacity of PLLA nanocomposites to stimulate osteogenesis was investigated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay. Higher ALP activity was found on osteoblasts cultured on nanocomposites with 0.25 and 0.5wt% p-MWCNT compared to neat PLLA, confirming that PLLA cytocompatibility was improved on these compositions. Finally, our results showed that by a simple and inexpensive solvent casting method, it is possible to manufacture biofunctional nanocomposites devices with potential for orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Leal
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-860 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - D S T Martinez
- Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 1308-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - B A Más
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo - PUC-SP, 18030-095 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - O L Alves
- Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - E A R Duek
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-860 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo - PUC-SP, 18030-095 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
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16
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Qian S, Sheng K, Yao W, Yu H. Poly(lactic acid) biocomposites reinforced with ultrafine bamboo-char: Morphology, mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoping Qian
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Kuichuan Sheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Wenchao Yao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Hui Yu
- China National Research Center of Bamboo; Hangzhou 310012 China
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17
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Kaur T, Thirugnanam A. Tailoring in vitro biological and mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol reinforced with threshold carbon nanotube concentration for improved cellular response. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08006e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of living bone tissue constructs with structural, mechanical and functional similarities to natural bone are the major challenges in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejinder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela
- India
| | - Arunachalam Thirugnanam
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela
- India
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18
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Martínez de Arenaza I, Obarzanek-Fojt M, Sarasua JR, Meaurio E, Meyer F, Raquez JM, Dubois P, Bruinink A. Pyrene-end-functionalized poly(L-lactide) as an efficient carbon nanotube dispersing agent in poly(L-lactide): mechanical performance and biocompatibility study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:045003. [PMID: 26154591 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/4/045003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the mechanical properties of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) based implants, a study was made of how far well dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) within a PLLA matrix were able to positively affect these properties. To this end, pyrene-end-functionalized poly(L-lactide) (py-end-PLLA) was evaluated as a dispersing agent. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses and mechanical tests of MWCNTs-based materials demonstrated an enhancement of MWCNT dispersion in the PLLA matrix and improved Young's modulus (E) when 4 wt% of py-end-PLLA was used as the dispersing agent. Subsequently, the bioacceptance of PLLA/py-end-PLLA/MWCNTs nanocomposites was evaluated using human bone marrow stromal cells (HBMC) in vitro. The inclusion of py-end-PLLA and MWCNTs supported HBMC adhesion and proliferation. The expression levels of the bone-specific markers indicated that the cells kept their potential to undergo osteogenic differentiation. The results of this study indicate that the addition of MWCNT combined with py-end-PLLA in PLLA/py-end-PLLA/MWCNTs nanocomposites may widen the range of applications of PLLA within the field of bone tissue engineering thanks to their mechanical strength and cytocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martínez de Arenaza
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country (EHU-UPV), Faculty of Engineering, Alameda de Urquijo s/n 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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19
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Das B, Chattopadhyay P, Maji S, Upadhyay A, Purkayastha MD, Mohanta CL, Maity TK, Karak N. Bio-functionalized MWCNT/hyperbranched polyurethane bionanocomposite for bone regeneration. Biomed Mater 2015; 10:025011. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/2/025011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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20
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Biomimetic approaches in bone tissue engineering: Integrating biological and physicomechanical strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:1-29. [PMID: 25236302 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of responsive biomaterials capable of demonstrating modulated function in response to dynamic physiological and mechanical changes in vivo remains an important challenge in bone tissue engineering. To achieve long-term repair and good clinical outcomes, biologically responsive approaches that focus on repair and reconstitution of tissue structure and function through drug release, receptor recognition, environmental responsiveness and tuned biodegradability are required. Traditional orthopedic materials lack biomimicry, and mismatches in tissue morphology, or chemical and mechanical properties ultimately accelerate device failure. Multiple stimuli have been proposed as principal contributors or mediators of cell activity and bone tissue formation, including physical (substrate topography, stiffness, shear stress and electrical forces) and biochemical factors (growth factors, genes or proteins). However, optimal solutions to bone regeneration remain elusive. This review will focus on biological and physicomechanical considerations currently being explored in bone tissue engineering.
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21
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Chen C, He BX, Wang SL, Yuan GP, Zhang L. Unexpected observation of highly thermostable transcrystallinity of poly(lactic acid) induced by aligned carbon nanotubes. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Shuai C, Feng P, Gao C, Shuai X, Xiao T, Peng S. Graphene oxide reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol): nanocomposite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16702c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, graphene oxide is incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) for the purpose of improving the mechanical properties. Nanocomposite scaffolds with an interconnected porous structure are fabricated by selective laser sintering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cijun Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
- Orthopedic Biomedical Materials Institute
| | - Pei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Chengde Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Xiong Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy
- Central South University
- China
| | - Tao Xiao
- Orthopedic Biomedical Materials Institute
- Central South University
- China
- Department of Orthopedics
- The Second Xiangya Hospital
| | - Shuping Peng
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
- School of Basic Medical Science
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23
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Gattazzo F, De Maria C, Whulanza Y, Taverni G, Ahluwalia A, Vozzi G. Realisation and characterization of conductive hollow fibers for neuronal tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 103:1107-19. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gattazzo
- Research Center “E. Piaggio,” University of Pisa; Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1 Pisa 56122 Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine; University of Padova; Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Carmelo De Maria
- Research Center “E. Piaggio,” University of Pisa; Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1 Pisa 56122 Italy
- Department of Ingegneria dell'Informazione; University of Pisa; Via G. Caruso 16 Pisa 56122 Italy
| | - Yudan Whulanza
- Research Center “E. Piaggio,” University of Pisa; Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1 Pisa 56122 Italy
| | - Gemma Taverni
- Research Center “E. Piaggio,” University of Pisa; Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1 Pisa 56122 Italy
| | - Arti Ahluwalia
- Research Center “E. Piaggio,” University of Pisa; Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1 Pisa 56122 Italy
- Department of Ingegneria dell'Informazione; University of Pisa; Via G. Caruso 16 Pisa 56122 Italy
| | - Giovanni Vozzi
- Research Center “E. Piaggio,” University of Pisa; Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1 Pisa 56122 Italy
- Department of Ingegneria dell'Informazione; University of Pisa; Via G. Caruso 16 Pisa 56122 Italy
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24
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High elastic modulus nanoparticles: a novel tool for subfailure connective tissue matrix damage. Transl Res 2014; 164:244-57. [PMID: 24924347 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Subfailure matrix injuries such as sprains and strains account for a considerable portion of ligament and tendon pathologies. In addition to the lack of a robust biological healing response, these types of injuries are often characterized by seriously diminished matrix biomechanics. Recent work has shown nanosized particles, such as nanocarbons and nanocellulose, to be effective in modulating cell and biological matrix responses for biomedical applications. In this article, we investigate the feasibility and effect of using high stiffness nanostructures of varying size and shape as nanofillers to mechanically reinforce damaged soft tissue matrices. To this end, nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized using atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering techniques. Next, we used a uniaxial tensile injury model to test connective tissue (porcine skin and tendon) biomechanical response to NP injections. After injection into damaged skin and tendon specimens, the NPs, more notably nanocarbons in skin, led to an increase in elastic moduli and yield strength. Furthermore, rat primary patella tendon fibroblast cell activity evaluated using the metabolic water soluble tetrazolium salt assay showed no cytotoxicity of the NPs studied, instead after 21 days nanocellulose-treated tenocytes exhibited significantly higher cell activity when compared with nontreated control tenocytes. Dispersion of nanocarbons injected by solution into tendon tissue was investigated through histologic studies, revealing effective dispersion and infiltration in the treated region. Such results suggest that these high modulus NPs could be used as a tool for damaged connective tissue repair.
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25
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Mishra A, Singh SK, Dash D, Aswal VK, Maiti B, Misra M, Maiti P. Self-assembled aliphatic chain extended polyurethane nanobiohybrids: emerging hemocompatible biomaterials for sustained drug delivery. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2133-46. [PMID: 24374322 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel polyurethanes (PUs) have been synthesized using an aliphatic diisocyanate and aliphatic chain extenders with varying chain length. Nanocomposites of PUs have been prepared by dispersing 2-D nanoclay in poly-ol followed by prepolymerization and subsequent chain extension using various chain extenders. Systematic improvement in toughness and adequate enhancement in stiffness in the presence of nanoclay has been observed for PUs with longer chain extenders, and these new classes of nanocomposites exhibit no toughness-stiffness trade-off. Bottom-up self-assembly starting from the molecular level to micron-scale crystallite has been revealed through electronic structure calculation, X-ray diffraction, small-angle neutron scattering, atomic force microscopy and optical images. The role of hydrogen bonding has been revealed for this type of supramolecular assembly, and in the presence of organically modified nanoclay hydrogen bonding contributes to the formation of bigger clusters of nanocomposites. Controlled biodegradation of PU and its nanocomposites has been investigated in enzymatic media. Biocompatibility of these novel nanocomposites has been extensively verified through platelet adhesion, aggregation and hemolysis assay. Sustained drug delivery by biocompatible pristine PU and its nanocomposites has been demonstrated either by controlling the crystallite size of the polyurethane through alteration of the aliphatic chain length of the extender or by incorporating disc-like nanoclay, creating a tortuous path that results in delayed diffusion. Hence, the developed nanohybrids are potential biomaterials for tissue engineering and drug delivery.
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26
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Mikael PE, Amini AR, Basu J, Josefina Arellano-Jimenez M, Laurencin CT, Sanders MM, Barry Carter C, Nukavarapu SP. Functionalized carbon nanotube reinforced scaffolds for bone regenerative engineering: fabrication,
in vitro
and
in vivo
evaluation. Biomed Mater 2014; 9:035001. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/9/3/035001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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Kumar S, Bose S, Chatterjee K. Amine-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes impart osteoinductive and bactericidal properties in poly(ε-caprolactone) composites. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00875h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amine functionalization of multiwall carbon nanotubes improves mechanical properties, enhances ostoeblast proliferation and mineralization, and imparts bactericidal properties in polycaprolactone composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012, India
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28
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Agrawal R, Nieto A, Chen H, Mora M, Agarwal A. Nanoscale damping characteristics of boron nitride nanotubes and carbon nanotubes reinforced polymer composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:12052-12057. [PMID: 24236402 DOI: 10.1021/am4038678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the damping behavior of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as reinforcement in PLC, a biodegradable copolymer. The damping behavior of PLC composites reinforced with 2 wt % or 5 wt % nanotube filler is evaluated by nanodynamic mechanical analysis (NanoDMA). The addition of 2 wt % CNT leads to the greatest enhancement in damping (tan δ) behavior. This is attributed to pullout in CNTs because of lower interfacial shear strength with the polymer matrix and a more effective sword-in-sheath mechanism as opposed to BNNTs which have bamboo-like nodes. BNNTs however have a superior distribution in the PLC polymer matrix enabling higher contents of BNNT to further enhance the damping behavior. This is in contrast with CNTs which agglomerate at higher concentrations, thus preventing further improvement at higher concentrations. It is observed that for different compositions, tan δ values show no significant changes over varying dynamic loads or prolonged cycles. This shows the ability of nanotube mechanisms to function at varying strain rates and to survive long cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Agrawal
- Nanomechanics and Nanotribology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33174, United States
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29
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De B, Voit B, Karak N. Transparent luminescent hyperbranched epoxy/carbon oxide dot nanocomposites with outstanding toughness and ductility. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:10027-34. [PMID: 24059454 DOI: 10.1021/am402415g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A luminescent transparent hyperbranched epoxy nanocomposite with previously unachieved outstanding toughness and elasticity has been created by incorporation of a very small amount of carbon oxide nanodots. The nanocomposites of the hyperbranched epoxy with carbon oxide dots at different dose levels (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt %) have been prepared by an ex situ solution technique followed by curing with poly(amido-amine) at 100 °C. Different characterizations and evaluations of mechanical and optical properties of the nanocomposites have been performed. The toughness (area under the stress-strain curve) of the pristine system has been improved dramatically by 750% with only 0.5 wt % carbon oxide dots. The tensile strength has been enhanced from 38 to 46 MPa, whereas the elongation at break improved noticeably from 15 to 45%. Excellent adhesive strength combined with transparency and photoluminescent behavior renders these materials highly interesting as functional films in optical devices like light-emitting diodes and UV light detection systems as well as in anticounterfeiting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibekananda De
- Advanced Polymer and Nanomaterial Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University , Napaam 784028, Assam, India
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30
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Yang SY, Kim ES, Jeon G, Choi KY, Kim JK. Enhanced adhesion of osteoblastic cells on polystyrene films by independent control of surface topography and wettability. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:1689-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Dorj B, Won JE, Kim JH, Choi SJ, Shin US, Kim HW. Robocasting nanocomposite scaffolds of poly(caprolactone)/hydroxyapatite incorporating modified carbon nanotubes for hard tissue reconstruction. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012. [PMID: 23184729 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposite scaffolds with tailored 3D pore configuration are promising candidates for the reconstruction of bone. Here we fabricated novel nanocomposite bone scaffolds through robocasting. Poly(caprolactone) (PCL)-hydroxyapatite (HA) slurry containing ionically modified carbon nanotubes (imCNTs) was robotic-dispensed and structured layer-by-layer into macrochanneled 3D scaffolds under adjusted processing conditions. Homogeneous dispersion of imCNTs (0.2 wt % relative to PCL-HA) was achieved in acetone, aiding in the preparation of PCL-HA-imCNTs slurry with good mixing property. Incorporation of imCNTs into PCL-HA composition significantly improved the compressive strength and elastic modulus of the robotic-dispensed scaffolds (~1.5-fold in strength and ~2.5-fold in elastic modulus). When incubated in simulated body fluid (SBF), PCL-HA-imCNT nanocomposite scaffold induced substantial mineralization of apatite in a similar manner to the PCL-HA scaffold, which was contrasted in pure PCL scaffold. MC3T3-E1 cell culture on the scaffolds demonstrated that cell proliferation levels were significantly higher in both PCL-HA-imCNT and PCL-HA than in pure PCL, and no significant difference was found between the nanocomposite scaffolds. When the PCL-HA-imCNT scaffold was implanted into a rat subcutaneous tissue for 4 weeks, soft fibrous tissues with neo-blood vessels formed well in the pore channels of the scaffolds without any significant inflammatory signs. Tissue reactions in PCL-HA-imCNT scaffold were similar to those in PCL-HA scaffold, suggesting incorporated imCNT did not negate the beneficial biological roles of HA. While more long-term in vivo research in bone defect models is needed to confirm clinical availability, our results suggest robotic-dispensed PCL-HA-imCNT nanocomposite scaffolds can be considered promising new candidate matrices for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biligzaya Dorj
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and WCU Research Center, Dankook University, South Korea
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32
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Dong Z, Wu Y, Wang Q, Xie C, Ren Y, Clark RL. Reinforcement of electrospun membranes using nanoscale Al2O3 whiskers for improved tissue scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:903-10. [PMID: 22275136 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a promising material for tissue engineering applications; however, it can be difficult to create scaffolds with the morphology, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties necessary to support tissue growth. Typically, pure PCL scaffolds have good cellular adhesion, but somewhat low mechanical properties (elastic modulus and tensile strength). This study addresses these issues by incorporating Al(2)O(3) whiskers as reinforcements within PCL membranes generated by electrospinning. Membranes were prepared with Al(2)O(3) content ranging from 1 to 20 wt % and characterized using XRD, TEM, and SEM to determine composition and morphology. The Al(2)O(3) whiskers were well dispersed within the PCL fibers, and the membranes had a highly porous morphology. The elastic modulus was significantly improved by the well aligned whisker reinforcements as verified by tensile testing. The cell morphology and proliferation studies demonstrate Al(2)O(3) whisker reinforced PCL scaffolds maintained the good biocompatibility. These improvements demonstrate that Al(2)O(3) whisker reinforced PCL scaffolds can be considered as a biocompatible material for tissue engineering and dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexuan Dong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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33
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Tan CW, Tan KH, Ong YT, Mohamed AR, Zein SHS, Tan SH. Carbon Nanotubes Applications: Solar and Fuel Cells, Hydrogen Storage, Lithium Batteries, Supercapacitors, Nanocomposites, Gas, Pathogens, Dyes, Heavy Metals and Pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2442-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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34
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Li Y, Chen C, Li J, Sun XS. Isothermal crystallization and melting behaviors of bionanocomposites from poly(lactic acid) and TiO2 nanowires. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Han ZJ, Ostrikov KK, Tan CM, Tay BK, Peel SAF. Effect of hydrophilicity of carbon nanotube arrays on the release rate and activity of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:295712. [PMID: 21693800 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/29/295712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Novel nanostructures such as vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays have received increasing interest as drug delivery carriers. In the present study, two CNT arrays with extreme surface wettabilities are fabricated and their effects on the release of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) are investigated. It is found that the superhydrophilic arrays retained a larger amount of rhBMP-2 than the superhydrophobic ones. Further use of a poloxamer diffusion layer delayed the initial burst and resulted in a greater total amount of rhBMP-2 released from both surfaces. In addition, rhBMP-2 bound to the superhydrophilic CNT arrays remained bioactive while they denatured on the superhydrophobic surfaces. These results are related to the combined effects of rhBMP-2 molecules interacting with poloxamer and the surface, which could be essential in the development of advanced carriers with tailored surface functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jun Han
- Plasma Nanoscience Centre Australia (PNCA), CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Lindfield, New South Wales, Australia.
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Mackle JN, Blond DJP, Mooney E, McDonnell C, Blau WJ, Shaw G, Barry FP, Murphy JM, Barron V. In vitro Characterization of an Electroactive Carbon-Nanotube-Based Nanofiber Scaffold for Tissue Engineering. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:1272-82. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lin C, Wang Y, Lai Y, Yang W, Jiao F, Zhang H, Ye S, Zhang Q. Incorporation of carboxylation multiwalled carbon nanotubes into biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) for bone tissue engineering. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 83:367-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ciofani G, Ricotti L, Mattoli V. Preparation, characterization and in vitro testing of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid/barium titanate nanoparticle composites for enhanced cellular proliferation. Biomed Microdevices 2010; 13:255-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-010-9490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Lahiri D, Rouzaud F, Richard T, Keshri AK, Bakshi SR, Kos L, Agarwal A. Boron nitride nanotube reinforced polylactide-polycaprolactone copolymer composite: mechanical properties and cytocompatibility with osteoblasts and macrophages in vitro. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:3524-33. [PMID: 20226282 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polylactide-polycaprolactone copolymer (PLC) has been reinforced with 0, 2 and 5wt.% boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) for orthopedic scaffold application. Elastic modulus of the PLC-5wt.% BNNT composite, evaluated through nanoindentation technique, shows a 1370% increase. The same amount of BNNT addition to PLC enhances the tensile strength by 109%, without any adverse effect on the ductility up to 240% elongation. Interactions of the osteoblasts and macrophages with bare BNNTs prove them to be non-cytotoxic. PLC-BNNT composites displayed increased osteoblast cell viability as compared to the PLC matrix. The addition of BNNTs also resulted in an increase in the expression levels of the Runx2 gene, the main regulator of osteoblast differentiation. These results indicate that BNNT is a potential reinforcement for composites for orthopedic applications.
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Pascu SI, Arrowsmith RL, Bayly SR, Brayshaw S, Hu Z. Towards nanomedicines: design protocols to assemble, visualize and test carbon nanotube probes for multi-modality biomedical imaging. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2010; 368:3683-3712. [PMID: 20603377 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2010.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is an interdisciplinary field, still in its infancy, where an accurate scientific assessment of potential risks and benefits is urgently needed, as is the engagement of end users and the public in this facet of the nanotechnology debate. There is increasing interest in improving our understanding of the interactions between nanomaterials and living systems, with regard to both the underlying chemistry and the physics of effects on the nanoscale. Ultimately, such knowledge promises new vistas for designing the 'smart' medicines of the future, of which targeted personalized drugs are the holy grail. Imaging and therapeutic components, including metallic radioisotopes, semiconductor quantum dots and magnetic materials, may be used to construct 'nanocarriers' (by encapsulation or conjugation) by rapid and simple (covalent and supramolecular) chemistry. The biomedical functions of the resulting materials are as yet largely unexplored. Encapsulation in nanocarriers could achieve delivery of the reagents (imaging and therapeutic drugs) to the sites of action in the body, while minimizing systemic toxicity and enzymatic degradation. These functional systems have the potential to become a general solution in drug delivery. Here we review recent developments concerning the applications of nanoparticles, including carbon nanotubes, as synthetic scaffolds for designing nanomedicines. This article will also focus on how understanding and design at the molecular level could help interdisciplinary teams develop research towards new diagnostics and therapeutics both in the short and the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia I Pascu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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