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Champagne PA, Desroches J, Hamel JD, Vandamme M, Paquin JF. Monofluorination of Organic Compounds: 10 Years of Innovation. Chem Rev 2015; 115:9073-174. [PMID: 25854146 DOI: 10.1021/cr500706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 673] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Alexandre Champagne
- Canada Research Chair in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CGCC, PROTEO, Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Justine Desroches
- Canada Research Chair in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CGCC, PROTEO, Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Jean-Denys Hamel
- Canada Research Chair in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CGCC, PROTEO, Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Mathilde Vandamme
- Canada Research Chair in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CGCC, PROTEO, Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Jean-François Paquin
- Canada Research Chair in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CGCC, PROTEO, Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6
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2
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Karakaya I, Karabuga S, Altundas R, Ulukanli S. Synthesis of quinazoline based chiral ligands and application in the enantioselective addition of phenylacetylene to aldehydes. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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3
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Bannwarth P, Grée D, Aubert C, Grée R. A new synthesis of indanes with monofluorinated and gem-difluoroalkyl side chains. J Fluor Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Fustero S, Bello P, Miró J, Sánchez-Roselló M, Haufe G, Del Pozo C. One-pot cross-enyne metathesis (CEYM)-Diels-Alder reaction of gem-difluoropropargylic alkynes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2688-95. [PMID: 24367434 PMCID: PMC3869219 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Propargylic difluorides 1 were used as starting substrates in a combination of cross-enyne metathesis and Diels–Alder reactions. Thus, the reaction of 1 with ethylene in the presence of 2nd generation Hoveyda–Grubbs catalyst generates a diene moiety which in situ reacts with a wide variety of dienophiles giving rise to a small family of new fluorinated carbo- and heterocyclic derivatives in moderate to good yields. This is a complementary protocol to the one previously described by our research group, which involved the use of 1,7-octadiene as an internal source of ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santos Fustero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain ; Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Paula Bello
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Javier Miró
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Roselló
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain ; Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Carlos Del Pozo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
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5
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El Dine AN, Khalaf A, Grée D, Tasseau O, Fares F, Jaber N, Lesot P, Hachem A, Grée R. Synthesis of enones, pyrazolines and pyrrolines with gem-difluoroalkyl side chains. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:1943-8. [PMID: 24204405 PMCID: PMC3817575 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Starting from easily accessible gem-difluoropropargylic derivatives, a DBU-mediated isomerisation affords enones in fair yields with a gem-difluoroalkyl chain. These derivatives were used to prepare pyrazolines and pyrrolines with the desired gem-difluoroalkyl side chain by cyclocondensations in good yields and with excellent stereoselectivity. A one-pot process was also successfully developed for these sequential reactions. By carrying out various types of Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions for compounds with a p-bromophenyl substituent a route to focused chemical libraries was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaad Nasr El Dine
- Université de Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS UMR 6226, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France ; Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences (1) and PRASE-EDST, Hadath, Beyrouth, Lebanon
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6
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Liang T, Neumann CN, Ritter T. Introduction of fluorine and fluorine-containing functional groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8214-64. [PMID: 23873766 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1955] [Impact Index Per Article: 177.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the most significant, conceptual advances in the field of fluorination were enabled most prominently by organo- and transition-metal catalysis. The most challenging transformation remains the formation of the parent C-F bond, primarily as a consequence of the high hydration energy of fluoride, strong metal-fluorine bonds, and highly polarized bonds to fluorine. Most fluorination reactions still lack generality, predictability, and cost-efficiency. Despite all current limitations, modern fluorination methods have made fluorinated molecules more readily available than ever before and have begun to have an impact on research areas that do not require large amounts of material, such as drug discovery and positron emission tomography. This Review gives a brief summary of conventional fluorination reactions, including those reactions that introduce fluorinated functional groups, and focuses on modern developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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7
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8
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Towards chemical libraries based on heterocyclic scaffolds with monofluorinated and difluoroalkyl side chains. J Fluor Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Fluorination of tertiary alcohols derived from di-O-isopropylidenehexofuranose and O-isopropylidenepentofuranose. J Fluor Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Chen JL, Zheng F, Huang Y, Qing FL. Synthesis of γ-Monofluorinated Goniothalamin Analogues via Regio- and Stereoselective Ring-Opening Hydrofluorination of Epoxide. J Org Chem 2011; 76:6525-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200611w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ling Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yangen Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Feng-Ling Qing
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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11
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Khalaf A, Grée D, Abdallah H, Jaber N, Hachem A, Grée R. A new flexible strategy for the synthesis of gem-difluoro-bisarylic derivatives and heterocyclic analogues. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Diastereoselective synthesis of propargylic fluorides and its application in preparation of monofluorinated sugar. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Catir M, Cakici M, Karabuga S, Ulukanli S, Şahin E, Kilic H. Synthesis of 4,4′-biquinazoline alcohols as chiral catalysts in enantioselective alkynylation of aldehydes with phenyl acetylene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Hughes RP. Conversion of Carbon–Fluorine Bonds α to Transition Metal Centers to Carbon–Hydrogen, Carbon–Carbon, and Carbon–Heteroatom Bonds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Russell P. Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 6128 Burke Laboratories, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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Bannwarth P, Valleix A, Grée D, Grée R. Flexible synthesis of pyrimidines with chiral monofluorinated and difluoromethyl side chains. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4646-9. [PMID: 19518154 DOI: 10.1021/jo900674u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chiral pyrimidines with a fluorine atom in the benzylic position are easily accessible in high enantiomeric excesses from optically active propargylic intermediates by two complementary routes. Both the use of optically active propargylic fluorides and the fluorination of the chiral pyrimidine in the final stage give excellent results in terms of enantiocontrol. On the other hand, original pyrimidines with a difluoromethyl side chain are also obtained in a few steps from new propargylic ketones bearing a CHF(2) substituent on the triple bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bannwarth
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, Université de Rennes 1, CNRS UMR 6510, France
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Pacheco MC, Purser S, Gouverneur V. The chemistry of propargylic and allylic fluorides. Chem Rev 2008; 108:1943-81. [PMID: 18543877 DOI: 10.1021/cr068410e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Pacheco
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, UK
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18
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Blayo AL, Le Meur S, Grée D, Grée R. New Enantioselective Synthesis of Monofluorinated Pyridines Designed for the Preparation of Chemical Libraries. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Carroll L, McCullough S, Rees T, Claridge TDW, Gouverneur V. Stereospecific anti SE2′ fluorination of allenylsilanes: synthesis of enantioenriched propargylic fluorides. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:1731-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b803888k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Lam YH, Bobbio C, Cooper I, Gouverneur V. A Concise Synthesis of Enantioenriched Fluorinated Carbocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200701365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Lam YH, Bobbio C, Cooper IR, Gouverneur V. A Concise Synthesis of Enantioenriched Fluorinated Carbocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:5106-10. [PMID: 17549786 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200701365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-hong Lam
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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22
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Das S, Chandrasekhar S, Yadav JS, Grée R. Ionic liquids as recyclable solvents for diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) mediated fluorination of alcohols and carbonyl compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Grée D, Grée R. A new strategy for the synthesis of optically active benzylic fluorides and corresponding five-membered heteroaromatic analogues. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hughes RP, Larichev RB, Zakharov LN, Rheingold AL. Carbon−Fluorine Bond Activation Coupled with Alkynyl Migration to Give Fluorinated Allenyl Complexes of Iridium. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om0602916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Russell P. Hughes
- Departments of Chemistry, 6128 Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, and University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0358
| | - Roman B. Larichev
- Departments of Chemistry, 6128 Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, and University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0358
| | - Lev. N. Zakharov
- Departments of Chemistry, 6128 Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, and University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0358
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Departments of Chemistry, 6128 Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, and University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0358
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Carroll L, Pacheco MC, Garcia L, Gouverneur V. Synthesis of propargylic fluorides from allenylsilanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:4113-5. [PMID: 17024266 DOI: 10.1039/b610013a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Allenylsilanes reacted at room temperature in acetonitrile with Selectfluor, an electrophilic fluorinating reagent, to give secondary propargylic fluorides in moderate to good yields; mechanistically, a side-product resulting from a 1,2-silyl shift testifies to the presence of a cationic intermediate.
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Garratt SA, Hughes RP, Kovacik I, Ward AJ, Willemsen S, Zhang D. Carbon−Fluorine Bond Activation Coupled with Carbon−Hydrogen Bond Formation α to Iridium: Kinetics, Mechanism, and Diastereoselectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:15585-94. [PMID: 16262424 DOI: 10.1021/ja0545012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of iridium(fluoroalkyl)hydride complexes CpIr(PMe(3))(CF(2)R(F))Y (R(F) = F, CF(3); Y = H, D) with LutHX (Lut = 2,6-dimethylpyridine; X = Cl, I) results in C-F activation coupled with hydride migration to give CpIr(PMe(3))(CYFR(F))X as variable mixtures of diastereomers. Solution conformations and relative diastereomer configurations of the products have been determined by (19)F{(1)H}HOESY NMR to be (S(C), S(Ir))(R(C), R(Ir)) for the kinetic diastereomer and (R(C), S(Ir))(S(C), R(Ir)) for its thermodynamic counterpart. Isotope labeling experiments using LutDCl/CpIr(PMe(3))(CF(2)R(F))H and CpIr(PMe(3))(CF(2)R(F))D/LutHCl) showed that, unlike a previously studied system, H/D exchange is faster than protonation of the alpha-CF bond, giving an identical mixture of product isotopologues from both reaction mixtures. The kinetic rate law shows a first-order dependence on the concentration of iridium substrate, but a half-order dependence on that of LutHCl; this is interpreted to mean that LutHCl dissociates to give HCl as the active protic source for C-F bond activation. Detailed kinetic studies are reported, which demonstrate that lack of complete diastereoselectivity is not a function of the C-F bond activation/H migration steps but that a cationic intermediate plays a double role in loss of diastereoselectivity; the intermediate can undergo epimerization at iridium before being trapped by halide and can also catalyze the epimerization of kinetic diastereomer product to thermodynamic product. A detailed mechanism is proposed and simulations performed to fit the kinetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun A Garratt
- Department of Chemistry, 6128 Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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Sreeruttun RK, Ramasami P, Wannere CS, Paul A, Schleyer PVR, Schaefer Iii HF. Effects of Fluorine on the Structures and Energetics of the Propynyl and Propargyl Radicals and Their Anions. J Org Chem 2005; 70:8676-86. [PMID: 16238295 DOI: 10.1021/jo0507688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The adiabatic electron affinity (EA(ad)) of the CH(3)-C[triple bond]C(*) radical [experiment = 2.718 +/- 0.008 eV] and the gas-phase basicity of the CH(3)-C[triple bond]C:(-) anion [experiment = 373.4 +/- 2 kcal/mol] have been compared with those of their fluorine derivatives. The latter are studied using theoretical methods. It is found that there are large effects on the electron affinities and gas-phase basicities as the H atoms of the alpha-CH(3) group in the propynyl system are substituted by F atoms. The predicted electron affinities are 3.31 eV (FCH(2)-C[triple bond]C(*)), 3.86 eV (F(2)CH-C[triple bond]C(*)), and 4.24 eV (F(3)C-C[triple bond]C(*)), and the predicted gas-phase basicities of the fluorocarbanion derivatives are 366.4 kcal/mol (FCH(2)-C[triple bond]C:(-)), 356.6 kcal/mol (F(2)CH-C[triple bond]C:(-)), and 349.8 kcal/mol (F(3)C-C[triple bond]C:(-)). It is concluded that the electron affinities of fluoropropynyl radicals increase and the gas-phase basicities decrease as F atoms sequentially replace H atoms of the alpha-CH(3) in the propynyl system. The propargyl radicals, lower in energy than the isomeric propynyl radicals, are also examined and their electron affinities are predicted to be 0.98 eV ((*)CH(2)-C[triple bond]CH), 1.18 eV ((*)CFH-C[triple bond]CH), 1.32 eV ((*)CF(2)-C[triple bond] CH), 1.71 eV ((*)CH(2)-C[triple bond]CF), 2.05 eV ((*)CFH-C[triple bond]CF), and 2.23 eV ((*)CF(2)-C[triple bond]CF).
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Lingam Manthati V, Grée D, Grée R. Stereoselective Synthesis of the 5,5-Difluoro-(12R)- and -(12S)-Leukotrienes B3. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hughes RP, Laritchev RB, Zakharov LN, Rheingold AL. Carbon−Fluorine Bond Activation Coupled with Carbon−Carbon Bond Formation at Iridium. Confirmation of Complete Kinetic Diastereoselectivity at the New Carbon Stereocenter by Intramolecular Trapping Using Vinyl as the Migrating Group. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:6325-34. [PMID: 15853339 DOI: 10.1021/ja042345d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The iridium(perfluoropropyl)(vinyl) complex CpIr(PMe(3))(n-C(3)F(7))(CH=CH(2)) (5) has been prepared. It has been characterized by X-ray crystallography, and its ground state conformation in solution has been determined by (19)F{(1)H} HOESY NMR studies. It reacts with the weak acid lutidinium iodide to afford the eta(1)-allylic complex CpIr(PMe(3))((Z)-CH(2)CH=CFC(2)F(5))I (6), which has also been characterized crystallographically. The mechanism of C-F bond activation and C-C bond formation leading to 6 has been elucidated in detail by studying the reaction of 5 with lutidinium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate [LutH(+)B(ArF)(4)(-)], containing a weakly coordinating counteranion. The main kinetic product of this reaction, determined by (19)F{(1)H} HOESY studies at -50 degrees C, is the endo-CpIr(PMe(3))(anti-eta(3)-CH(2)CHCFCF(2)CF(3))[B(ArF)(4)] diastereomer 9, along with a small amount of the exo-syn-isomer 8. Isomer 9 rearranges at -20 degrees C to its exo-anti isomer 7, and subsequently to the thermodynamically favored exo-syn-isomer 8, which has been isolated and crystallographically characterized. Complex 8 reacts with iodide to afford complex6. On the basis of the unambiguously defined kinetically controlled stereochemistry of 9 and 8, a detailed mechanism for the C-F activation/C-C coupling reaction is proposed, the principal conclusion of which is that C-F activation is completely diastereoselective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell P Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, 6128 Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
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Prakesch M, Kerouredan E, Grée D, Grée R, DeChancie J, Houk K. The propargylic route as efficient entry to monofluoro and gem-difluoro compounds: mechanistic considerations. J Fluor Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2003.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Prakesch M, Grée D, Grée R. Synthesis and reactivity of Z and E functionalized allylic fluorides. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hughes RP, Zhang D, Zakharov LN, Rheingold AL. Selective Protonation at a C−F Bond in the Presence of an Iridium−Methyl Bond Gives Diastereoselective Carbon−Fluorine Bond Activation and Carbon−Carbon Bond Formation. A New Path to Carbon Stereocenters Bearing Fluorine Atoms. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om020718i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Russell P. Hughes
- Departments of Chemistry, 6128 Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, and University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry, 6128 Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, and University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- Departments of Chemistry, 6128 Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, and University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Departments of Chemistry, 6128 Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, and University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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