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Cheng D, Zhang J, Fu J, Song H, Yu C. A hierarchical spatial assembly approach of silica-polymer composites leads to versatile silica/carbon nanoparticles. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi7502. [PMID: 37792932 PMCID: PMC10550229 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi7502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of silica and polymer in the absence of surfactant templates is an emerging strategy to construct intricate nanostructures, whereas the underlying mechanism and structural versatility remain largely unexplored. We report a hierarchical spatial assembly strategy of silica-polymer composites to produce silica and carbon nanoparticles with unprecedented structures. The assembly hierarchy involves a higher length scale asymmetric A-B-A core-shell-type spatial assembly in a composite sphere, and a nanoscale assembly in the middle layer B in which the silica/polymer ratio governs the assembled structures of silica nanodomains. Through an in-depth understanding of the hierarchical spatial assembly mechanism, a series of silica and carbon nanoparticles with intriguing and controllable architectures are obtained that cannot be easily achieved via conventional surfactant-templating approaches. This work opens an avenue toward the designed synthesis of nanoparticles with precisely regulated structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cheng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jun Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jianye Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Hao Song
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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2
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Googasian JS, Skrabalak SE. Practical Considerations for Simulating the Plasmonic Properties of Metal Nanoparticles. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2023; 3:252-262. [PMID: 37249938 PMCID: PMC10214510 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.2c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Simulating the plasmonic properties of colloidally derived metal nanoparticles with accuracy to their experimentally observed measurements is challenging due to the many structural and compositional parameters that influence their scattering and absorption properties. Correlation between single nanoparticle scattering measurements and simulated spectra emphasize these strong structural and compositional relationships, providing insight into the design of plasmonic nanoparticles. This Perspective builds from this history to highlight how the structural features of models used in simulation methods such as those based on the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method and Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA) are of critical consideration for correlation with experiment and ultimately prediction of new nanoparticle properties. High-level characterizations such as electron tomography are discussed as ways to advance the accuracy of models used in such simulations, allowing the plasmonic properties of structurally complex nanoparticles to be better understood. However, we also note that the field is far from bringing experiment and simulation into agreement for plasmonic nanoparticles with complex compositions, reflecting analytical challenges that inhibit accurate model generation. Potential directions for addressing these challenges are also presented.
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Pu Y, He B, Niu Y, Liu X, Zhang B. Chemical Electron Microscopy (CEM) for Heterogeneous Catalysis at Nano: Recent Progress and Challenges. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0043. [PMID: 36930759 PMCID: PMC10013794 DOI: 10.34133/research.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical electron microscopy (CEM), a toolbox that comprises imaging and spectroscopy techniques, provides dynamic morphological, structural, chemical, and electronic information about an object in chemical environment under conditions of observable performance. CEM has experienced a revolutionary improvement in the past years and is becoming an effective characterization method for revealing the mechanism of chemical reactions, such as catalysis. Here, we mainly address the concept of CEM for heterogeneous catalysis in the gas phase and what CEM could uniquely contribute to catalysis, and illustrate what we can know better with CEM and the challenges and future development of CEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Pu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bowen He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiming Niu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
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4
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FIB-SEM tomography in catalysis and electrochemistry. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Jenkinson K, Liz-Marzán LM, Bals S. Multimode Electron Tomography Sheds Light on Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Complex Metal-Based Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110394. [PMID: 35438805 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electron tomography has become a cornerstone technique for the visualization of nanoparticle morphology in three dimensions. However, to obtain in-depth information about a nanoparticle beyond surface faceting and morphology, different electron microscopy signals must be combined. The most notable examples of these combined signals include annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF-STEM) with different collection angles and the combination of ADF-STEM with energy-dispersive X-ray or electron energy loss spectroscopies. Here, the experimental and computational development of various multimode tomography techniques in connection to the fundamental materials science challenges that multimode tomography has been instrumental to overcoming are summarized. Although the techniques can be applied to a wide variety of compositions, the study is restricted to metal and metal oxide nanoparticles for the sake of simplicity. Current challenges and future directions of multimode tomography are additionally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie Jenkinson
- EMAT and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería Biomateriales, y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
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6
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Wang Z, Ke X, Sui M. Recent Progress on Revealing 3D Structure of Electrocatalysts Using Advanced 3D Electron Tomography: A Mini Review. Front Chem 2022; 10:872117. [PMID: 35355785 PMCID: PMC8959462 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.872117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalysis plays a key role in clean energy innovation. In order to design more efficient, durable and selective electrocatalysts, a thorough understanding of the unique link between 3D structures and properties is essential yet challenging. Advanced 3D electron tomography offers an effective approach to reveal 3D structures by transmission electron microscopy. This mini-review summarizes recent progress on revealing 3D structures of electrocatalysts using 3D electron tomography. 3D electron tomography at nanoscale and atomic scale are discussed, respectively, where morphology, composition, porous structure, surface crystallography and atomic distribution can be revealed and correlated to the performance of electrocatalysts. (Quasi) in-situ 3D electron tomography is further discussed with particular focus on its impact on electrocatalysts’ durability investigation and post-treatment. Finally, perspectives on future developments of 3D electron tomography for eletrocatalysis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoxing Ke
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxing Ke, ; Manling Sui,
| | - Manling Sui
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxing Ke, ; Manling Sui,
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7
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Tang C, Ling L, Zhang WX. Visualizing Trace Pollutants in Solids at Nanoscale via Electron Tomography. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:11533-11537. [PMID: 34323474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Visualizing trace pollutants such as toxic metals and viruses in environmental solids such as soils, sediments, aerosols, and suspended particles in water has long been the holy grail for scientists and engineers. In this Perspective, progress on the state-of-the-art electron tomography is highlighted as an increasingly indispensable tool for visualizing contaminant distribution and transformation in three-dimension (3D), including environmental pollutants at the water-minerals interfaces, toxicology assessment, environmental behavior of viruses in heterogeneous environmental media, etc. Adding a third dimension to the pollutant characterization will surely enrich our understanding on the complex and emerging environmental issues facing the global society, and provide vital support to the ongoing research and development of life-saving mitigation technologies from air filtration, to drinking water purification, to virus disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenliu Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lan Ling
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei-Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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8
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Tallarek U, Hochstrasser J, Ziegler F, Huang X, Kübel C, Buchmeiser MR. Olefin Ring‐closing Metathesis under Spatial Confinement: Morphology−Transport Relationships. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Tallarek
- Department of Chemistry Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 D-35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Janika Hochstrasser
- Department of Chemistry Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 D-35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Felix Ziegler
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Xiaohui Huang
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christian Kübel
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 2 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Michael R. Buchmeiser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
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9
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Meldrum FC, O'Shaughnessy C. Crystallization in Confinement. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001068. [PMID: 32583495 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Many crystallization processes of great importance, including frost heave, biomineralization, the synthesis of nanomaterials, and scale formation, occur in small volumes rather than bulk solution. Here, the influence of confinement on crystallization processes is described, drawing together information from fields as diverse as bioinspired mineralization, templating, pharmaceuticals, colloidal crystallization, and geochemistry. Experiments are principally conducted within confining systems that offer well-defined environments, varying from droplets in microfluidic devices, to cylindrical pores in filtration membranes, to nanoporous glasses and carbon nanotubes. Dramatic effects are observed, including a stabilization of metastable polymorphs, a depression of freezing points, and the formation of crystals with preferred orientations, modified morphologies, and even structures not seen in bulk. Confinement is also shown to influence crystallization processes over length scales ranging from the atomic to hundreds of micrometers, and to originate from a wide range of mechanisms. The development of an enhanced understanding of the influence of confinement on crystal nucleation and growth will not only provide superior insight into crystallization processes in many real-world environments, but will also enable this phenomenon to be used to control crystallization in applications including nanomaterial synthesis, heavy metal remediation, and the prevention of weathering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Meldrum
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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10
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A multiple scattering algorithm for three dimensional phase contrast atomic electron tomography. Ultramicroscopy 2020; 208:112860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2019.112860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Song H, Yang Y, Geng J, Gu Z, Zou J, Yu C. Electron Tomography: A Unique Tool Solving Intricate Hollow Nanostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1801564. [PMID: 30160340 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Innovations in nanofabrication have expedited advances in hollow-structured nanomaterials with increasing complexity, which, at the same time, set challenges for the precise determination of their intriguing and complicated 3D configurations. Conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis typically yields 2D projections of 3D objects, which in some cases is insufficient to reflect the genuine architectures of these 3D nano-objects, providing misleading information. Advanced analytical approaches such as focused ion beam (FIB) and ultramicrotomy enable the real slicing of nanomaterials, realizing the direct observation of inner structures but with limited spatial discrimination. Electron tomography (ET) is a technique that retrieves spatial information from a series of 2D electron projections at different tilt angles. As a unique and powerful tool kit, this technique has experienced great advances in its application in materials science, resolving the intricate 3D nanostructures. Here, the exceptional capability of the ET technique in the structural, chemical, and quantitative analysis of hollow-structured nanomaterials is discussed in detail. The distinct information derived from ET analysis is highlighted and compared with conventional analysis methods. Along with the advances in microscopy technologies, the state-of-the-art ET technique offers great opportunities and promise in the development of hollow nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Song
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yannan Yang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jing Geng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhengying Gu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jin Zou
- Materials Engineering and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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12
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Svidrytski A, Rathi A, Hlushkou D, Ford DM, Monson PA, Tallarek U. Morphology of Fluids Confined in Physically Reconstructed Mesoporous Silica: Experiment and Mean Field Density Functional Theory. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:9936-9945. [PMID: 30070853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional physical reconstruction of the random mesopore network in a hierarchically structured, macroporous-mesoporous silica monolith via electron tomography has been used to generate a lattice model of amorphous, mesoporous silica. This geometrical model has subsequently been employed in mean field density functional theory (MFDFT) calculations of adsorption and desorption. Comparison of the results with experimental sorption isotherms for nitrogen at 77 K shows a good qualitative agreement, with both experiment and theory producing isotherms characterized by type H2 hysteresis. In addition to the isotherms, MFDFT provides the three-dimensional density distribution for the fluid in the porous material for each state studied. We use this information to map the phase distribution in the mesopore network in the hysteresis region. Phase distributions on the desorption boundary curve are compared to those on the adsorption boundary curve for both fixed pressure and fixed density, revealing insights into the relationship between phase distribution and hysteresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Svidrytski
- Department of Chemistry , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Ashutosh Rathi
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003-9303 , United States
| | - Dzmitry Hlushkou
- Department of Chemistry , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - David M Ford
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701-1201 , United States
| | - Peter A Monson
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003-9303 , United States
| | - Ulrich Tallarek
- Department of Chemistry , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
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13
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Thomas JM. Providing sustainable catalytic solutions for a rapidly changing world: a summary and recommendations for urgent future action. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:rsta.2017.0068. [PMID: 29175987 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to summarizing the main thrusts of each paper presented at this Discussion, other urgent issues involving the role (and characterization) of new catalysts for eliminating oxides of nitrogen, for using CO2 liberated from steel mills, for fuel cells and the need for rapid decarbonization of fossil fuels are outlined.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Providing sustainable catalytic solutions for a rapidly changing world'.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Meurig Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
- University Chemical Laboratories, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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14
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Wu J, Lerotic M, Collins S, Leary R, Saghi Z, Midgley P, Berejnov S, Susac D, Stumper J, Singh G, Hitchcock AP. Optimization of Three-Dimensional (3D) Chemical Imaging by Soft X-Ray Spectro-Tomography Using a Compressed Sensing Algorithm. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2017; 23:951-966. [PMID: 28893337 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927617012466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soft X-ray spectro-tomography provides three-dimensional (3D) chemical mapping based on natural X-ray absorption properties. Since radiation damage is intrinsic to X-ray absorption, it is important to find ways to maximize signal within a given dose. For tomography, using the smallest number of tilt series images that gives a faithful reconstruction is one such method. Compressed sensing (CS) methods have relatively recently been applied to tomographic reconstruction algorithms, providing faithful 3D reconstructions with a much smaller number of projection images than when conventional reconstruction methods are used. Here, CS is applied in the context of scanning transmission X-ray microscopy tomography. Reconstructions by weighted back-projection, the simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique, and CS are compared. The effects of varying tilt angle increment and angular range for the tomographic reconstructions are examined. Optimization of the regularization parameter in the CS reconstruction is explored and discussed. The comparisons show that CS can provide improved reconstruction fidelity relative to weighted back-projection and simultaneous iterative reconstruction techniques, with increasingly pronounced advantages as the angular sampling is reduced. In particular, missing wedge artifacts are significantly reduced and there is enhanced recovery of sharp edges. Examples of using CS for low-dose scanning transmission X-ray microscopy spectroscopic tomography are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wu
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | | | - Sean Collins
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TQ, UK
| | - Rowan Leary
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TQ, UK
| | - Zineb Saghi
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TQ, UK
| | - Paul Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TQ, UK
| | - Slava Berejnov
- Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation (AFCC) Corporation, Burnaby, BC V5J 5J8, Canada
| | - Darija Susac
- Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation (AFCC) Corporation, Burnaby, BC V5J 5J8, Canada
| | - Juergen Stumper
- Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation (AFCC) Corporation, Burnaby, BC V5J 5J8, Canada
| | - Gurvinder Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Adam P Hitchcock
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
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15
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Sneed BT, Cullen DA, Reeves KS, Dyck OE, Langlois DA, Mukundan R, Borup RL, More KL. 3D Analysis of Fuel Cell Electrocatalyst Degradation on Alternate Carbon Supports. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:29839-29848. [PMID: 28809471 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms associated with Pt/C electrocatalyst degradation in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) cathodes is critical for the future development of higher-performing materials; however, there is a lack of information regarding Pt coarsening under PEMFC operating conditions within the cathode catalyst layer. We report a direct and quantitative 3D study of Pt dispersions on carbon supports (high surface area carbon (HSAC), Vulcan XC-72, and graphitized carbon) with varied surface areas, graphitic character, and Pt loadings ranging from 5 to 40 wt %. This is accomplished both before and after catalyst-cycling accelerated stress tests (ASTs) through observations of the cathode catalyst layer of membrane electrode assemblies. Electron tomography results show Pt nanoparticle agglomeration occurs predominantly at junctions and edges of aggregated graphitized carbon particles, leading to poor Pt dispersion in the as-prepared catalysts and increased coalescence during ASTs. Tomographic reconstructions of Pt/HSAC show much better initial Pt dispersions, less agglomeration, and less coarsening during ASTs in the cathode. However, a large loss of the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) is still observed and is attributed to accelerated Pt dissolution and nanoparticle coalescence. Furthermore, a strong correlation between Pt particle/agglomerate size and measured ECSA is established and is proposed as a more useful metric than average crystallite size in predicting degradation behavior across different catalyst systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Sneed
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - David A Cullen
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Kimberly S Reeves
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ondrej E Dyck
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - David A Langlois
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Rangachary Mukundan
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Rodney L Borup
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Karren L More
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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16
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Multiscale correlative tomography: an investigation of creep cavitation in 316 stainless steel. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7332. [PMID: 28779097 PMCID: PMC5544716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06976-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Creep cavitation in an ex-service nuclear steam header Type 316 stainless steel sample is investigated through a multiscale tomography workflow spanning eight orders of magnitude, combining X-ray computed tomography (CT), plasma focused ion beam (FIB) scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging and scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) tomography. Guided by microscale X-ray CT, nanoscale X-ray CT is used to investigate the size and morphology of cavities at a triple point of grain boundaries. In order to understand the factors affecting the extent of cavitation, the orientation and crystallographic misorientation of each boundary is characterised using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Additionally, in order to better understand boundary phase growth, the chemistry of a single boundary and its associated secondary phase precipitates is probed through STEM energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) tomography. The difference in cavitation of the three grain boundaries investigated suggests that the orientation of grain boundaries with respect to the direction of principal stress is important in the promotion of cavity formation.
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17
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Stine KJ. Application of Porous Materials to Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycoscience. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2017; 74:61-136. [PMID: 29173727 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in using a range of porous materials to meet research needs in carbohydrate chemistry and glycoscience in general. Among the applications of porous materials reviewed in this chapter, enrichment of glycans from biological samples prior to separation and analysis by mass spectrometry is a major emphasis. Porous materials offer high surface area, adjustable pore sizes, and tunable surface chemistry for interacting with glycans, by boronate affinity, hydrophilic interactions, molecular imprinting, and polar interactions. Among the materials covered in this review are mesoporous silica and related materials, porous graphitic carbon, mesoporous carbon, porous polymers, and nanoporous gold. In some applications, glycans are enzymatically or chemically released from glycoproteins or glycopeptides, and the porous materials have the advantage of size selectivity admitting only the glycans into the pores and excluding proteins. Immobilization of lectins onto porous materials of suitable pore size allows for the use of lectin-carbohydrate interactions in capture or separation of glycoproteins. Porous material surfaces modified with carbohydrates can be used for the selective capture of lectins. Controlled release of therapeutics from porous materials mediated by glycans has been reported, and so has therapeutic targeting using carbohydrate-modified porous particles. Additional applications of porous materials in glycoscience include their use in the supported synthesis of oligosaccharides and in the development of biosensors for glycans.
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A methodology for finding the optimal iteration number of the SIRT algorithm for quantitative Electron Tomography. Ultramicroscopy 2016; 173:36-46. [PMID: 27907830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The SIRT (Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique) algorithm is commonly used in Electron Tomography to calculate the original volume of the sample from noisy images, but the results provided by this iterative procedure are strongly dependent on the specific implementation of the algorithm, as well as on the number of iterations employed for the reconstruction. In this work, a methodology for selecting the iteration number of the SIRT reconstruction that provides the most accurate segmentation is proposed. The methodology is based on the statistical analysis of the intensity profiles at the edge of the objects in the reconstructed volume. A phantom which resembles a a carbon black aggregate has been created to validate the methodology and the SIRT implementations of two free software packages (TOMOJ and TOMO3D) have been used.
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19
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Enke D, Gläser R, Tallarek U. Sol-Gel and Porous Glass-Based Silica Monoliths with Hierarchical Pore Structure for Solid-Liquid Catalysis. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201600049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Xiang D, Wang X, Jia C, Lee T, Guo X. Molecular-Scale Electronics: From Concept to Function. Chem Rev 2016; 116:4318-440. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 816] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xiang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key
Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute
of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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21
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Compressed sensing electron tomography of needle-shaped biological specimens – Potential for improved reconstruction fidelity with reduced dose. Ultramicroscopy 2016; 160:230-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Yeoh CSM, Rossouw D, Saghi Z, Burdet P, Leary RK, Midgley PA. The Dark Side of EDX Tomography: Modeling Detector Shadowing to Aid 3D Elemental Signal Analysis. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2015; 21:759-764. [PMID: 25790959 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927615000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A simple model is proposed to account for the loss of collected X-ray signal by the shadowing of X-ray detectors in the scanning transmission electron microscope. The model is intended to aid the analysis of three-dimensional elemental data sets acquired using energy-dispersive X-ray tomography methods where shadow-free specimen holders are unsuitable or unavailable. The model also provides a useful measure of the detection system geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona S M Yeoh
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy,University of Cambridge,27 Charles Babbage Road,Cambridge,CB3 0FS,UK
| | - David Rossouw
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy,University of Cambridge,27 Charles Babbage Road,Cambridge,CB3 0FS,UK
| | - Zineb Saghi
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy,University of Cambridge,27 Charles Babbage Road,Cambridge,CB3 0FS,UK
| | - Pierre Burdet
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy,University of Cambridge,27 Charles Babbage Road,Cambridge,CB3 0FS,UK
| | - Rowan K Leary
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy,University of Cambridge,27 Charles Babbage Road,Cambridge,CB3 0FS,UK
| | - Paul A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy,University of Cambridge,27 Charles Babbage Road,Cambridge,CB3 0FS,UK
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23
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Hendley CT, Tao J, Kunitake JAMR, De Yoreo JJ, Estroff LA. Microscopy techniques for investigating the control of organic constituents on biomineralization. MRS BULLETIN 2015; 40:480-489. [PMID: 27358507 PMCID: PMC4922639 DOI: 10.1557/mrs.2015.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This article addresses recent advances in the application of microscopy techniques to characterize crystallization processes as they relate to biomineralization and bio-inspired materials synthesis. In particular, we focus on studies aimed at revealing the role organic macromolecules and functionalized surfaces play in modulating the mechanisms of nucleation and growth. In nucleation studies, we explore the use of methods such as in situ transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and cryogenic electron microscopy to delineate formation pathways, phase stabilization, and the competing effects of free energy and kinetic barriers. In growth studies, emphasis is placed on understanding the interactions of macromolecular constituents with growing crystals and characterization of the internal structures of the resulting composite crystals using techniques such as electron tomography, atom probe tomography, and vibrational spectromicroscopy. Examples are drawn from both biological and bio-inspired synthetic systems.
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24
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Su DS, Zhang B, Schlögl R. Electron microscopy of solid catalysts--transforming from a challenge to a toolbox. Chem Rev 2015; 115:2818-82. [PMID: 25826447 DOI: 10.1021/cr500084c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dang Sheng Su
- †Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.,‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- †Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Robert Schlögl
- ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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25
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Olson J, Dominguez-Medina S, Hoggard A, Wang LY, Chang WS, Link S. Optical characterization of single plasmonic nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:40-57. [PMID: 24979351 PMCID: PMC4641313 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00131a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review surveys the optical properties of plasmonic nanoparticles studied by various single particle spectroscopy techniques. The surface plasmon resonance of metallic nanoparticles depends sensitively on the nanoparticle geometry and its environment, with even relatively minor deviations causing significant changes in the optical spectrum. Because for chemically prepared nanoparticles a distribution of their size and shape is inherent, ensemble spectra of such samples are inhomogeneously broadened, hiding the properties of the individual nanoparticles. The ability to measure one nanoparticle at a time using single particle spectroscopy can overcome this limitation. This review provides an overview of different steady-state single particle spectroscopy techniques that provide detailed insight into the spectral characteristics of plasmonic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Olson
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Sergio Dominguez-Medina
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Anneli Hoggard
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Lin-Yung Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Wei-Shun Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Stephan Link
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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26
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Wei Y, Parmentier TE, de Jong KP, Zečević J. Tailoring and visualizing the pore architecture of hierarchical zeolites. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:7234-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00155b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the different synthesis methods and microscopy techniques for tailoring and visualizing the pore architecture of hierarchical zeolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- Netherlands
| | - Tanja E. Parmentier
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- Netherlands
| | - Krijn P. de Jong
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- Netherlands
| | - Jovana Zečević
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- Netherlands
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27
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Chen D, Goris B, Bleichrodt F, Mezerji HH, Bals S, Batenburg KJ, de With G, Friedrich H. The properties of SIRT, TVM, and DART for 3D imaging of tubular domains in nanocomposite thin-films and sections. Ultramicroscopy 2014; 147:137-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Thomas JM, Leary RK. A Major Advance in Characterizing Nanoporous Solids Using a Complementary Triad of Existing Techniques. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12020-1. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Ein Meilenstein in der Strukturaufklärung nanoporöser Festkörper: Kombination dreier komplementärer Methoden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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31
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Garcia-Martinez J, Xiao C, Cychosz KA, Li K, Wan W, Zou X, Thommes M. Evidence of Intracrystalline Mesostructured Porosity in Zeolites by Advanced Gas Sorption, Electron Tomography and Rotation Electron Diffraction. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Thomas JM. Heterogeneous catalysis and the challenges of powering the planet, securing chemicals for civilised life, and clean efficient utilization of renewable feedstocks. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:1801-1832. [PMID: 24988917 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201301202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews, first, the prospects, practices and principles of generating solar fuels. It does so with an analysis of recent progress in the light-driven emission of H2 (and other fuels) as well as O2 from water. To place this challenge in perspective, some current practices entailing the use of well-proven solid catalysts developed for fossil-based feedstocks, are described. The massive differences between proven methods of generating fuel and chemicals from non-renewable and from solar radiation are emphasized with the aid of numerous quantitative examples. Whilst it is acknowledged that a key action in reducing the liberation of greenhouse gases (GHG) is to tackle the challenge of decreasing their evolution in power generation and in the production of steel, aluminium and other bulk commodities (metals, alloys, concrete and ceramics), nevertheless much can be done to diminish the emission of CO2 (and to use it as feedstock) through the agency of new, designed solid catalysts and microalgae. Solar-thermal converters are also attractive alternatives, even though they are more likely to be used centrally rather than in small modular units like 'artificial leaves,' some of which are promising for the purposes of generating energy (and perhaps fuel) in a delocalized, modular manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Meurig Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS (UK).
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33
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Midgley PA, Thomas JM. Multi-dimensional electron microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8614-7. [PMID: 24919685 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS (UK).
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34
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Masenelli-Varlot K, Malchère A, Ferreira J, Heidari Mezerji H, Bals S, Messaoudi C, Marco Garrido S. Wet-STEM tomography: principles, potentialities and limitations. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2014; 20:366-375. [PMID: 24572045 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927614000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of biological and inorganic materials by determining their three-dimensional structure in conditions closer to their native state is a major challenge of technological research. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) provides access to the observation of hydrated samples in water environments. Here, we present a specific device for ESEM in the scanning transmission electron microscopy mode, allowing the acquisition of tilt-series suitable for tomographic reconstructions. The resolution which can be obtained with this device is first determined. Then, we demonstrate the feasibility of tomography on wet materials. The example studied here is hydrophilic mesoporous silica (MCM-41). Finally, the minimum thickness of water which can be detected is calculated from Monte Carlo simulations and compared with the resolution expected in the tomograms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Masenelli-Varlot
- 1 Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, MATEIS UMR5510, 7 avenue J. Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Annie Malchère
- 1 Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, MATEIS UMR5510, 7 avenue J. Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - José Ferreira
- 1 Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, MATEIS UMR5510, 7 avenue J. Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | | | - Sara Bals
- 2 EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cédric Messaoudi
- 3 Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Centre Universitaire d'Orsay, Bât. 112, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Sergio Marco Garrido
- 3 Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Centre Universitaire d'Orsay, Bât. 112, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
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35
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Optimized imaging using non-rigid registration. Ultramicroscopy 2014; 138:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Wang SM, Liu L, Chen WL, Wang EB. High performance visible and near-infrared region electrochromic smart windows based on the different structures of polyoxometalates. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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Nepal D, Drummy LF, Biswas S, Park K, Vaia RA. Large scale solution assembly of quantum dot-gold nanorod architectures with plasmon enhanced fluorescence. ACS NANO 2013; 7:9064-74. [PMID: 24004164 DOI: 10.1021/nn403671q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the efficiency of fluorescent emission via plasmon-exciton coupling requires structure control on a nanometer length scale using a high-yield fabrication route not achievable with current lithographic techniques. These systems can be fabricated using a bottom-up approach if problems of colloidal stability and low yield can be addressed. We report progress on this pathway with the assembly of quantum dots (emitter) on gold nanorods (plasmonic units) with precisely controlled spacing, quantum dot/nanorod ratio, and long-term colloidal stability, which enables the purification and encapsulation of the assembled architecture in a protective silica shell. Overall, such controllability with nanometer precision allows one to synthesize stable, complex architectures at large volume in a rational and controllable manner. The assembled architectures demonstrate photoluminescent enhancement (5×) useful for applications ranging from biological sensing to advanced optical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhriti Nepal
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7702, United States
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38
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Thomas JM. Oxidic materials: an endless frontier. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:13238-42. [PMID: 23812499 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52182f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selected areas of heterogeneous catalysis involving nanoporous oxides in the context of clean technology, green chemistry and sustainability are highlighted in this overview. So also is the potential of oxidic membranes in the context of producing hydrogen from water at high temperatures; and a brief survey is given of strategies that are required for the design of better oxidic photocatalysts for the conversion of visible light to H2 and O2. Aspects of physico-chemical characterization of advanced oxidic materials are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Meurig Thomas
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK.
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39
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Leary R, Saghi Z, Midgley PA, Holland DJ. Compressed sensing electron tomography. Ultramicroscopy 2013; 131:70-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Zhang B, Su DS. Elektronentomographie: dreidimensionale Abbildung realer Kristallstrukturen mit atomarer Auflösung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Zhang B, Su DS. Electron Tomography: Three-Dimensional Imaging of Real Crystal Structures at Atomic Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8504-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Thomas JM, Ducati C, Leary R, Midgley PA. Some Turning Points in the Chemical Electron Microscopic Study of Heterogeneous Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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43
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Zečević J, van der Eerden AMJ, Friedrich H, de Jongh PE, de Jong KP. Heterogeneities of the nanostructure of platinum/zeolite y catalysts revealed by electron tomography. ACS NANO 2013; 7:3698-3705. [PMID: 23521107 DOI: 10.1021/nn400707p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To develop structure-performance relationships for important catalysts, a detailed characterization of their morphology is essential. Using electron tomography, we determined in three dimensions the structure of Pt/zeolite Y bifunctional catalysts. Optimum experimental conditions enabled for the first time high-resolution 3D imaging of Pt particles as small as 1 nm located inside zeolite micropores. Semiautomated image analysis of 3D reconstructions provided an efficient study of numbers, size distributions, and interparticle distances of thousands of Pt particles within individual zeolite crystals. Upon extending this approach to a number of zeolite crystals of one batch of Pt/zeolite Y catalyst, heterogeneities were revealed. The Pt loading, an important parameter for catalyst performance, varied between zeolite crystals up to a factor of 35. This discovery calls for re-evaluation of catalyst preparation methods and suggests potential for lowering the nominal loading with noble metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Zečević
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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