1
|
Reddy SR, Coto PB, Thoss M. Intramolecular singlet fission: Quantum dynamical simulations including the effect of the laser field. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:194306. [PMID: 38767260 DOI: 10.1063/5.0209546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In the previous work [Reddy et al., J. Chem. Phys. 151, 044307 (2019)], we have analyzed the dynamics of the intramolecular singlet fission process in a series of prototypical pentacene-based dimers, where the pentacene monomers are covalently bonded to a phenylene linker in ortho, meta, and para positions. The results obtained were qualitatively consistent with the experimental data available, showing an ultrafast population of the multiexcitonic state that mainly takes place via a mediated (superexchange-like) mechanism involving charge transfer and doubly excited states. Our results also highlighted the instrumental role of molecular vibrations in the process as a sizable population of the multiexcitonic state could only be obtained through vibronic coupling. Here, we extend these studies and investigate the effect of the laser field on the dynamics of intramolecular singlet fission by explicitly including the coupling to the laser field in our model. In this manner, and by selectively tuning the laser field to the different low-lying absorption bands of the systems investigated, we analyze the wavelength dependence of the intramolecular singlet fission process. In addition, we have also analyzed how the nature of the initially photoexcited electronic state (either localized or delocalized) affects its dynamics. Altogether, our results provide new insights into the design of intramolecular singlet fission-active molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Rajagopala Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Pedro B Coto
- Materials Physics Center (CFM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Michael Thoss
- Institute of Physics, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sivanesan V, Broch K, Tegeder P. Excited States Dynamics at Pentacene/Perfluoropentacene Interfaces: A Femtosecond Time-Resolved Second Harmonic Generation Study. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300904. [PMID: 38305504 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of excited states after optical excitation at donor-acceptor (D/A) interfaces is of paramount importance for improving the efficiency and performance of optoelectronic devices. Here, we studied the ultrafast excited state dynamics after optical excitation at interfaces between the electron donor (D) pentacene (PEN) and the electron acceptor (A) perfuoropentacene (PFP) as well as within the single compounds (PEN and PFP) using femtosecond (fs) time-resolved second harmonic generation (SHG). In the single compounds singlet fission is observed on a time scale of around 200 fs. In the bilayer systems a huge SHG intensity rise is observed due to the creation of charge transfer states at the interface and accordingly to formation of a local electric field within tens of picoseconds. The local electric field and therefore the SHG signal intensity from the interface of PEN/PFP bilayer is much more intense compared to the PFP/PEN system because the PFP and PEN intermixing at the PEN/PFP interface is higher. Accordingly a population of defect states on a time scale of 55±12 ps has been proposed for PEN/PFP. Our study provides important insights into D/A charge transfer properties, which is needed for the understanding of the interfacial photophysics of pentacene-based organic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vipilan Sivanesan
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Broch
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Petra Tegeder
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Herbert JM. Visualizing and characterizing excited states from time-dependent density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:3755-3794. [PMID: 38226636 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04226j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) is the most widely-used electronic structure method for excited states, due to a favorable combination of low cost and semi-quantitative accuracy in many contexts, even if there are well recognized limitations. This Perspective describes various ways in which excited states from TD-DFT calculations can be visualized and analyzed, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This includes not just orbitals and densities but also well-defined statistical measures of electron-hole separation and of Frenkel-type exciton delocalization. Emphasis is placed on mathematical connections between methods that have often been discussed separately. Particular attention is paid to charge-transfer diagnostics, which provide indicators of when TD-DFT may not be trustworthy due to its categorical failure to describe long-range electron transfer. Measures of exciton size and charge separation that are directly connected to the underlying transition density are recommended over more ad hoc metrics for quantifying charge-transfer character.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M Herbert
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim J, Teo HT, Hong Y, Liau YC, Yim D, Han Y, Oh J, Kim H, Chi C, Kim D. Leveraging Charge-Transfer Interactions in Through-Space-Coupled Pentacene Dendritic Oligomer for Singlet Exciton Fission. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19812-19823. [PMID: 37656929 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Singlet exciton fission in organic chromophores has received much attention during the past decade. Inspired by numerous spectroscopic studies in the solid state, there have been vigorous efforts to study singlet exciton fission dynamics in covalently bonded oligomers, which aims to investigate underlying mechanisms of this intriguing process in simplified model systems. In terms of through-space orbital interactions, however, most of covalently bonded pentacene oligomers studied so far fall into weakly interacting systems since they manifest chain-like structures based on various (non)conjugated linkers. Therefore, it remains as a compelling question to answer how through-space interactions in the solid state intervene this photophysical process since it is hypersensitive to displacements and orientations between neighboring chromophores. Herein, as one of experimental studies to answer this question, we introduced a tight-packing dendritic structure whose mesityl-pentacene constituents are coupled via moderate through-space orbital interactions. Based on the comparison with a suitably controlled dendritic structure, which is in a weak coupling regime, important mechanistic viewpoints are tackled such as configurational mixings between singlet, charge-transfer, and triplet pair states and the role of chromophore multiplication. We underscore that our through-space-coupled dendritic oligomer in a quasi-intermediate coupling regime provides a hint on the interplay of multiconfigurational excited-states, which might have drawn complexity in singlet exciton fission kinetics throughout numerous solid-state morphologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juno Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hao Ting Teo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yuan Cheng Liau
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Daniel Yim
- Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System and Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bo Y, Hou Y, Thiel D, Weiß R, Clark T, Ferguson MJ, Tykwinski RR, Guldi DM. Tetracene Dimers: A Platform for Intramolecular Down- and Up-conversion. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18260-18275. [PMID: 37531628 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Photon energy conversion can be accomplished in many different ways, including the two opposing manners, down-conversion (i.e., singlet fission, SF) and up-conversion (i.e., triplet-triplet annihilation up-conversion, TTA-UC). Both processes have the potential to help overcome the detailed balance limit of single-junction solar cells. Tetracene, in which the energies of the lowest singlet excited state and twice the triplet excited state are comparable, exhibits both down- and up-conversion. Here, we have designed meta-diethynylphenylene- and 1,3-diethynyladamantyl-linked tetracene dimers, which feature different electronic coupling, to characterize the interplay between intramolecular SF (intra-SF) and intramolecular TTA-UC (intra-TTA-UC) via steady-state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, we have used Pd-phthalocyanine as a sensitizer to enable intra-TTA-UC in the two dimers via indirect photoexcitation in the near-infrared part of the solar spectrum. The work is rounded off by temperature-dependent measurements, which outline key aspects of how thermal effects impact intra-SF and intra-TTA-UC in different dimers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Bo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yuxuan Hou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - René Weiß
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstr. 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gotfredsen H, Thiel D, Greißel PM, Chen L, Krug M, Papadopoulos I, Ferguson MJ, Nielsen MB, Torres T, Clark T, Guldi DM, Tykwinski RR. Sensitized Singlet Fission in Rigidly Linked Axial and Peripheral Pentacene-Subphthalocyanine Conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9548-9563. [PMID: 37083447 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The goal of harnessing the theoretical potential of singlet fission (SF), a process in which one singlet excited state is split into two triplet excited states, has become a central challenge in solar energy research. Covalently linked dimers provide crucial models for understanding the role of chromophore arrangement and coupling in SF. Sensitizers can be integrated into these systems to expand the absorption bandwidth through which SF can be accessed. Here, we define the role of the sensitizer-chromophore geometry in a sensitized SF model system. To this end, two conjugates have been synthesized consisting of a pentacene dimer (SF motif) connected via a rigid alkynyl bridge to a subphthalocyanine (the sensitizer motif) in either an axial or a peripheral arrangement. Steady-state and time-resolved photophysical measurements are used to confirm that both conjugates operate as per design, displaying near unity energy transfer efficiencies and high triplet quantum yields from SF. Decisively, energy transfer between the subphthalocyanine and pentacene dimer occurs ca. 26 times faster in the peripheral conjugate, even though the two chromophores are ca. 3 Å farther apart than in the axial conjugate. Following a theoretical evaluation of the dipolar coupling, Vdip2, and the orientation factor, κ2, of both the axial (Vdip2 = 140 cm-2; κ2 = 0.08) and the peripheral (Vdip2 = 724 cm-2; κ2 = 1.46) arrangements, we establish that this rate acceleration is due to a more favorable (nearly co-planar) relative orientation of the transition dipole moments of the subphthalocyanine and pentacenes in the peripheral constellation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Gotfredsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Phillip M Greißel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Marcel Krug
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Tomás Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Impact of Di- and Poly-Radical Characters on the Relative
Energy of the Doubly Excited and La States of Linear Acenes and Cyclacenes. CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry5010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Linear and cyclic acenes are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that can be viewed as building blocks of graphene nanoribbons and carbon nanotubes, respectively. While short linear acenes demonstrated remarkable efficiency in several optoelectronic applications, the longer members are unstable and difficult to synthesize as their cyclic counterparts. Recent progress in on-surface synthesis, a powerful tool to prepare highly reactive species, opens promising perspectives and motivates the computational investigations of these potentially functional molecules. Owing to their di- and poly-radical character, low-lying excited states dominated by doubly excited configurations are expected to become more important for longer members of both linear and cyclic molecules. In this work, we investigate the lowest-lying La and the doubly excited (DE) state of linear acenes and cyclacenes, with different computational approaches, to assess the influence of the di-/poly-radical characters (increasing with the molecular dimensions) on their relative order. We show that DFT/MRCI calculations correctly reproduce the crossing of the two states for longer linear acenes, while TDUDFT calculations fail to predict the correct excitation energy trend of the DE state. The study suggests a similarity in the excited electronic state pattern of long linear and cyclic acenes leading ultimately to a lowest lying dark DE state for both.
Collapse
|
8
|
Walia R, Yang J. Exploring optimal multimode vibronic pathways in singlet fission of azaborine analogues of perylene. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1689-1700. [PMID: 35716333 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of new singlet fission chromophores is a vibrant area of research to explore the possibility of efficient photovoltaic devices. Using high-level ab-initio density matrix renormalization group calculations, we present a systematic analysis of BN-doped perylenes for their potential application as singlet fission candidates. Four singlet fission chromophores are identified considering the monomer-based properties and their excitonic characters are further analyzed in a dimer configuration optimized in a six-dimensional space for local maxima of fission rates. Furthermore, a multistate multimode vibronic Hamiltonian is employed to identify intra- and interstate vibrational pathways for excitation energy modulation. Several photophysical properties such as Davydov splitting, activation energy and vibronic admixture of multiexcitonic and charge-transfer states are calculated for physically accessible dimers. The optimal dimer packing results in appropriate vibrational relaxation of singlet fission states and promotes significant population transfer which would be more attenuated without such couplings. This work not only identifies potential singlet fission systems with favorable electronic properties but also highlights the sensitivity of dimer packings with respect to the substitution patterns in singlet fission chromophores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Walia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jangrouei MR, Krzemińska A, Hapka M, Pastorczak E, Pernal K. Dispersion Interactions in Exciton-Localized States. Theory and Applications to π-π* and n-π* Excited States. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:3497-3511. [PMID: 35587598 PMCID: PMC9202351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We address the problem
of intermolecular interaction energy calculations
in molecular complexes with localized excitons. Our focus is on the
correct representation of the dispersion energy. We derive an extended
Casimir-Polder formula for direct computation of this contribution
through second order in the intermolecular interaction operator V̂. An alternative formula, accurate to infinite order
in V̂, is derived within the framework of the
adiabatic connection (AC) theory. We also propose a new parametrization
of the VV10 nonlocal correlation density functional, so that it corrects
the CASSCF energy for the dispersion contribution and can be applied
to excited-state complexes. A numerical investigation is carried out
for benzene, pyridine, and peptide complexes with the local exciton
corresponding to the lowest π–π* or n– π*
states. The extended Casimir-Polder formula is implemented in the
framework of multiconfigurational symmetry-adapted perturbation theory,
SAPT(MC). A SAPT(MC) analysis shows that the creation of a localized
exciton affects mostly the electrostatic component of the interaction
energy of investigated complexes. Nevertheless, the changes in Pauli
repulsion and dispersion energies cannot be neglected. We verify the
performance of several perturbation- and AC-based methods. Best results
are obtained with a range-separated variant of an approximate AC approach
employing extended random phase approximation and CASSCF wave functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Jangrouei
- Institute of Physics, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 217/221, 93-005, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krzemińska
- Institute of Physics, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 217/221, 93-005, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Hapka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. L. Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Pastorczak
- Institute of Physics, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 217/221, 93-005, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pernal
- Institute of Physics, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 217/221, 93-005, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Manjanath A, Yang CH, Kue K, Wang CI, Claudio GC, Hsu CP. Enhancing Singlet Fission Coupling with Nonbonding Orbitals. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:1017-1029. [PMID: 34982933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a process where a singlet exciton is split into a pair of triplet excitons. The increase in the excitonic generation can be exploited to enhance the efficiency of solar cells. Molecules with conjugated π bonds are commonly developed for optoelectronic applications including SF, due to their low energy gaps. The electronic coupling for SF in such well-stacked π-conjugated molecule pairs can be rather limited due to the orthogonal π and π* orbital overlaps that are involved in the coupling elements, leading to a large cancellation in the coupling. In the present work, we show that such limits can be removed by involving triplet states of different origins, such as those with nonbonding n orbitals. We demonstrate such an effect for formaldehyde and methylenimine dimers, with a low-lying n-π* triplet state (T1) in addition to the π-π* triplet (T2). We show that the coupling can be enhanced by 40 times or more for the formaldehyde dimer, and 15 times or more for the methylenimine dimer, with the T1-T2 state as the end product of SF. With 1759 randomly oriented pairs of formaldehyde derived from a molecular dynamics simulation, the coupling from a singlet exciton to this T1-T2 state is, on an average, almost two times larger than that for a regular T1-T1 state. We investigated a few families that have been shown to be prospective candidates for SF, using our proposed strategy. However, our unfavorable results indicate that there are clear difficulties in fulfilling the ES1 ≳ ET1 + ET2 energy criterion. Nevertheless, our results provide a new molecular design concept for better SF (and triplet-triplet annihilation, TTA) materials that allows future development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaditya Manjanath
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2 Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chou-Hsun Yang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2 Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Karl Kue
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2 Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Chun-I Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2 Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Gil C Claudio
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Chao-Ping Hsu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2 Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,National Center for Theoretical Sciences, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hoche J, Flock M, Miao X, Philipp LN, Wenzel M, Fischer I, Mitric R. Excimer formation dynamics in the isolated tetracene dimer. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11965-11975. [PMID: 34667562 PMCID: PMC8457379 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03214c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of excimer formation and its interplay with the singlet-correlated triplet pair state 1(TT) is of high significance for the development of efficient organic electronics. Here, we study the photoinduced dynamics of the tetracene dimer in the gas phase by time-resolved photoionisation and photoion imaging experiments as well as nonadiabatic dynamics simulations in order to obtain mechanistic insight into the excimer formation dynamics. The experiments are performed using a picosecond laser system for excitation into the S2 state and reveal a biexponential time dependence. The time constants, obtained as a function of excess energy, lie in the range between ≈10 ps and 100 ps and are assigned to the relaxation of the excimer on the S1 surface and to its deactivation to the ground state. Simulations of the quantum-classical photodynamics are carried out in the frame of the semi-empirical CISD and TD-lc-DFTB methods. Both theoretical approaches reveal a dominating relaxation pathway that is characterised by the formation of a perfectly stacked excimer. TD-lc-DFTB simulations have also uncovered a second relaxation channel into a less stable dimer conformation in the S1 state. Both methods have consistently shown that the electronic and geometric relaxation to the excimer state is completed in less than 10 ps. The inclusion of doubly excited states in the CISD dynamics and their diabatisation further allowed to observe a transient population of the 1(TT) state, which, however, gets depopulated on a timescale of 8 ps, leading finally to the trapping in the excimer minimum. The understanding of excimer formation and its interplay with the singlet-correlated triplet pair state 1(TT) is of high significance for the development of efficient organic electronics.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joscha Hoche
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Marco Flock
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Xincheng Miao
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Luca Nils Philipp
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Michael Wenzel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Roland Mitric
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Epifanovsky E, Gilbert ATB, Feng X, Lee J, Mao Y, Mardirossian N, Pokhilko P, White AF, Coons MP, Dempwolff AL, Gan Z, Hait D, Horn PR, Jacobson LD, Kaliman I, Kussmann J, Lange AW, Lao KU, Levine DS, Liu J, McKenzie SC, Morrison AF, Nanda KD, Plasser F, Rehn DR, Vidal ML, You ZQ, Zhu Y, Alam B, Albrecht BJ, Aldossary A, Alguire E, Andersen JH, Athavale V, Barton D, Begam K, Behn A, Bellonzi N, Bernard YA, Berquist EJ, Burton HGA, Carreras A, Carter-Fenk K, Chakraborty R, Chien AD, Closser KD, Cofer-Shabica V, Dasgupta S, de Wergifosse M, Deng J, Diedenhofen M, Do H, Ehlert S, Fang PT, Fatehi S, Feng Q, Friedhoff T, Gayvert J, Ge Q, Gidofalvi G, Goldey M, Gomes J, González-Espinoza CE, Gulania S, Gunina AO, Hanson-Heine MWD, Harbach PHP, Hauser A, Herbst MF, Hernández Vera M, Hodecker M, Holden ZC, Houck S, Huang X, Hui K, Huynh BC, Ivanov M, Jász Á, Ji H, Jiang H, Kaduk B, Kähler S, Khistyaev K, Kim J, Kis G, Klunzinger P, Koczor-Benda Z, Koh JH, Kosenkov D, Koulias L, Kowalczyk T, Krauter CM, Kue K, Kunitsa A, Kus T, Ladjánszki I, Landau A, Lawler KV, Lefrancois D, Lehtola S, Li RR, Li YP, Liang J, Liebenthal M, Lin HH, Lin YS, Liu F, Liu KY, Loipersberger M, Luenser A, Manjanath A, Manohar P, Mansoor E, Manzer SF, Mao SP, Marenich AV, Markovich T, Mason S, Maurer SA, McLaughlin PF, Menger MFSJ, Mewes JM, Mewes SA, Morgante P, Mullinax JW, Oosterbaan KJ, Paran G, Paul AC, Paul SK, Pavošević F, Pei Z, Prager S, Proynov EI, Rák Á, Ramos-Cordoba E, Rana B, Rask AE, Rettig A, Richard RM, Rob F, Rossomme E, Scheele T, Scheurer M, Schneider M, Sergueev N, Sharada SM, Skomorowski W, Small DW, Stein CJ, Su YC, Sundstrom EJ, Tao Z, Thirman J, Tornai GJ, Tsuchimochi T, Tubman NM, Veccham SP, Vydrov O, Wenzel J, Witte J, Yamada A, Yao K, Yeganeh S, Yost SR, Zech A, Zhang IY, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zuev D, Aspuru-Guzik A, Bell AT, Besley NA, Bravaya KB, Brooks BR, Casanova D, Chai JD, Coriani S, Cramer CJ, Cserey G, DePrince AE, DiStasio RA, Dreuw A, Dunietz BD, Furlani TR, Goddard WA, Hammes-Schiffer S, Head-Gordon T, Hehre WJ, Hsu CP, Jagau TC, Jung Y, Klamt A, Kong J, Lambrecht DS, Liang W, Mayhall NJ, McCurdy CW, Neaton JB, Ochsenfeld C, Parkhill JA, Peverati R, Rassolov VA, Shao Y, Slipchenko LV, Stauch T, Steele RP, Subotnik JE, Thom AJW, Tkatchenko A, Truhlar DG, Van Voorhis T, Wesolowski TA, Whaley KB, Woodcock HL, Zimmerman PM, Faraji S, Gill PMW, Head-Gordon M, Herbert JM, Krylov AI. Software for the frontiers of quantum chemistry: An overview of developments in the Q-Chem 5 package. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:084801. [PMID: 34470363 PMCID: PMC9984241 DOI: 10.1063/5.0055522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 158.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This article summarizes technical advances contained in the fifth major release of the Q-Chem quantum chemistry program package, covering developments since 2015. A comprehensive library of exchange-correlation functionals, along with a suite of correlated many-body methods, continues to be a hallmark of the Q-Chem software. The many-body methods include novel variants of both coupled-cluster and configuration-interaction approaches along with methods based on the algebraic diagrammatic construction and variational reduced density-matrix methods. Methods highlighted in Q-Chem 5 include a suite of tools for modeling core-level spectroscopy, methods for describing metastable resonances, methods for computing vibronic spectra, the nuclear-electronic orbital method, and several different energy decomposition analysis techniques. High-performance capabilities including multithreaded parallelism and support for calculations on graphics processing units are described. Q-Chem boasts a community of well over 100 active academic developers, and the continuing evolution of the software is supported by an "open teamware" model and an increasingly modular design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Epifanovsky
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | | | | | - Joonho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yuezhi Mao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Pavel Pokhilko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Alec F. White
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Marc P. Coons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Adrian L. Dempwolff
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhengting Gan
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | - Diptarka Hait
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Paul R. Horn
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Leif D. Jacobson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | - Jörg Kussmann
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Adrian W. Lange
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Ka Un Lao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Daniel S. Levine
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Simon C. McKenzie
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Kaushik D. Nanda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | | | - Dirk R. Rehn
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marta L. Vidal
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg. 207, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Bushra Alam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | | | - Ethan Alguire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Josefine H. Andersen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg. 207, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Vishikh Athavale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Dennis Barton
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Khadiza Begam
- Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - Andrew Behn
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Nicole Bellonzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yves A. Bernard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | | | - Hugh G. A. Burton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Abel Carreras
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Kevin Carter-Fenk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | - Alan D. Chien
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | - Vale Cofer-Shabica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Saswata Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Marc de Wergifosse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Jia Deng
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Hainam Do
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Ehlert
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Po-Tung Fang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Qingguo Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - Triet Friedhoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - James Gayvert
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Qinghui Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Gergely Gidofalvi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, Spokane, Washington 99258, USA
| | - Matthew Goldey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Joe Gomes
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Sahil Gulania
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Anastasia O. Gunina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | | | - Phillip H. P. Harbach
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hauser
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Mario Hernández Vera
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Manuel Hodecker
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zachary C. Holden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Shannon Houck
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Xunkun Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kerwin Hui
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bang C. Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maxim Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Ádám Jász
- Stream Novation Ltd., Práter utca 50/a, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hyunjun Ji
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanjie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin Kaduk
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Sven Kähler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Kirill Khistyaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gergely Kis
- Stream Novation Ltd., Práter utca 50/a, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Zsuzsanna Koczor-Benda
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Joong Hoon Koh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Dimitri Kosenkov
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Laura Koulias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | | | - Caroline M. Krauter
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl Kue
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Alexander Kunitsa
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Thomas Kus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | | | - Arie Landau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Keith V. Lawler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel Lefrancois
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Run R. Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Yi-Pei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jiashu Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Marcus Liebenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Hung-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - You-Sheng Lin
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Fenglai Liu
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | | | | | - Arne Luenser
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Aaditya Manjanath
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Prashant Manohar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Erum Mansoor
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Sam F. Manzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Shan-Ping Mao
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Thomas Markovich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Stephen Mason
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon A. Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Peter F. McLaughlin
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | | | - Jan-Michael Mewes
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie A. Mewes
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pierpaolo Morgante
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
| | - J. Wayne Mullinax
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander C. Paul
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suranjan K. Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Fabijan Pavošević
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Zheng Pei
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Stefan Prager
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emil I. Proynov
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | - Ádám Rák
- Stream Novation Ltd., Práter utca 50/a, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eloy Ramos-Cordoba
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Bhaskar Rana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Alan E. Rask
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Adam Rettig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ryan M. Richard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Fazle Rob
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | - Elliot Rossomme
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Tarek Scheele
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Scheurer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schneider
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nickolai Sergueev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - Shaama M. Sharada
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Wojciech Skomorowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - David W. Small
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Christopher J. Stein
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu-Chuan Su
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Eric J. Sundstrom
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Zhen Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Jonathan Thirman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Gábor J. Tornai
- Stream Novation Ltd., Práter utca 50/a, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Takashi Tsuchimochi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Norm M. Tubman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Oleg Vydrov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jan Wenzel
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jon Witte
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Atsushi Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - Kun Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Sina Yeganeh
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Shane R. Yost
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Alexander Zech
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Igor Ying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | - Dmitry Zuev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Alexis T. Bell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Besley
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ksenia B. Bravaya
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Bernard R. Brooks
- Laboratory of Computational Biophysics, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Coriani
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg. 207, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - A. Eugene DePrince
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Robert A. DiStasio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barry D. Dunietz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - Thomas R. Furlani
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | - Teresa Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yousung Jung
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas Klamt
- COSMOlogic GmbH & Co. KG, Imbacher Weg 46, D-51379 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Jing Kong
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | - Daniel S. Lambrecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | | | | | - C. William McCurdy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Neaton
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Christian Ochsenfeld
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - John A. Parkhill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Roberto Peverati
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
| | - Vitaly A. Rassolov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ryan P. Steele
- Department of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Joseph E. Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Alex J. W. Thom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Tkatchenko
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Donald G. Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Troy Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Tomasz A. Wesolowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - K. Birgitta Whaley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H. Lee Woodcock
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Paul M. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Shirin Faraji
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9774AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - John M. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA,Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zeiser C, Moretti L, Reicherter F, Bettinger HF, Maiuri M, Cerullo G, Broch K. Singlet Fission in Dideuterated Tetracene and Pentacene. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Zeiser
- Institute for Applied Physics University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 10 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Luca Moretti
- IFN-CNR Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Florian Reicherter
- Institute for Organic Chemistry University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institute for Organic Chemistry University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Margherita Maiuri
- IFN-CNR Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Katharina Broch
- Institute for Applied Physics University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 10 72076 Tübingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tan Y, Tao G. Exploring the State Space Structure of Multiple Spins via Modular Tensor Diagram Approach: Going beyond the Exciton Pair State. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1972-1980. [PMID: 33648334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fully understanding of multistate quantum systems could become formidable if not impossible as the system dimensionality increases. One ideal strategy to comprehend complex systems is to transform the system representation into a more structural one so that major characteristics, connections, and even underlying mechanisms can stand out from the huge unstructured information, e.g., the construction of spin eigenfunctions for a system of multiple spins through the diagonalization of the system Hamiltonian matrix. Here, instead of direct matrix diagonalization, the recently developed modular tensor diagram approach is applied to reorganize the state space structure of multispin systems, extending previous investigations on exciton pair states to exciton trimer states. This implementation demonstrates that the proposed approach not only provides a systematical way to transform the high dimensional multistate system into a well organized structure based on basic (exciton) modules but also paves the way to further analysis on potential applications. For example, the analysis on the state space of the exciton trimer system suggests a possible scheme to improve the laser performance via single fission involving multiexcitations and/or multiple fission steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunshu Tan
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials by Design, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guohua Tao
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
C A Valente D, do Casal MT, Barbatti M, Niehaus TA, Aquino AJA, Lischka H, Cardozo TM. Excitonic and charge transfer interactions in tetracene stacked and T-shaped dimers. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:044306. [PMID: 33514084 DOI: 10.1063/5.0033272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended quantum chemical calculations were performed for the tetracene dimer to provide benchmark results, analyze the excimer survival process, and explore the possibility of using long-range-corrected (LC) time-dependent second-order density functional tight-biding (DFTB2) for this system. Ground- and first-excited-state optimized geometries, vertical excitations at relevant minima, and intermonomer displacement potential energy curves (PECs) were calculated for these purposes. Ground-state geometries were optimized with the scaled-opposite-spin (SOS) second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation (MP2) theory and LC-DFT (density functional theory) and LC-DFTB2 levels. Excited-state geometries were optimized with SOS-ADC(2) (algebraic diagrammatic construction to second-order) and the time-dependent approaches for the latter two methods. Vertical excitations and PECs were compared to multireference configuration interaction DFT (DFT/MRCI). All methods predict the lowest-energy S0 conformer to have monomers parallel and rotated relative to each other and the lowest S1 conformer to be of a displaced-stacked type. LC-DFTB2, however, presents some relevant differences regarding other conformers for S0. Despite some state-order inversions, overall good agreement between methods was observed in the spectral shape, state character, and PECs. Nevertheless, DFT/MRCI predicts that the S1 state should acquire a doubly excited-state character relevant to the excimer survival process and, therefore, cannot be completely described by the single reference methods used in this work. PECs also revealed an interesting relation between dissociation energies and the intermonomer charge-transfer interactions for some states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C A Valente
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thomas A Niehaus
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Adelia J A Aquino
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Hans Lischka
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Thiago M Cardozo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a photophysical downconversion pathway, in which a singlet excitation transforms into two triplet excited states. As such, it constitutes an exciton multiplication generation process, which is currently at the focal point for future integration into solar energy conversion devices. Beyond this, various other exciting applications were proposed, including quantum cryptography or organic light emitting diodes. Also, the mechanistic understanding evolved rapidly during the last year. Unfortunately, the number of suitable SF-chromophores is still limited. This is per se problematic, considering the wide range of envisaged applicability. With that in mind, we emphasize uncommon SF-scaffolds and outline requirements as well as strategies to expand the chromophore pool of SF-materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ullrich
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department für Chemie und Pharmazie, Egerlandstr. 1-3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Guzmán D, Papadopoulos I, Lavarda G, Rami PR, Tykwinski RR, Rodríguez‐Morgade MS, Guldi DM, Torres T. Controlling Intramolecular Förster Resonance Energy Transfer and Singlet Fission in a Subporphyrazine-Pentacene Conjugate by Solvent Polarity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1474-1481. [PMID: 33002284 PMCID: PMC7839765 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Due its complementary absorptions in the range of 450 and 600 nm, an energy-donating hexaaryl-subporphyrazine has been linked to a pentacene dimer, which acts primarily as an energy acceptor and secondarily as a singlet fission enabler. In the corresponding conjugate, efficient intramolecular Förster resonance energy transfer (i-FRET) is the modus operandi to transfer energy from the subporphyrazine to the pentacene dimer. Upon energy transfer, the pentacene dimer undergoes intramolecular singlet fission (i-SF), that is, converting the singlet excited state, via an intermediate state, into a pair of correlated triplet excited states. Solvatochromic fluorescence of the subporphyrazine is a key feature of this system and features a red-shift as large as 20 nm in polar media. Solvent is thus used to modulate spectral overlap between the fluorescence of subporphyrazine and absorption of the pentacene dimer, which controls the Förster rate constant, on one hand, and the triplet quantum yield, on the other hand. The optimum spectral overlap is realized in xylene, leading to Förster rate constant of 3.52×1011 s-1 and a triplet quantum yield of 171 % ±10 %. In short, the solvent polarity dependence, which is a unique feature of subporphyrazines, is decisive in terms of adjusting spectral overlap, ensuring a sizable Förster rate constant, and maximizing triplet quantum yields. Uniquely, this optimization can be achieved without a need for synthetic modification of the subporphyrazine donor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Guzmán
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInterdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Giulia Lavarda
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Parisa R. Rami
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
| | - M. Salomé Rodríguez‐Morgade
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCantoblanco28049MadridSpain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)Universidad Autónoma de MadridCantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInterdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCantoblanco28049MadridSpain
- IMDEA-NanocienciaCampus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)Universidad Autónoma de MadridCantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Guzmán D, Papadopoulos I, Lavarda G, Rami PR, Tykwinski RR, Rodríguez‐Morgade MS, Guldi DM, Torres T. Kontrolle des intramolekularen Förster‐Resonanzenergietransfers und der Singulettspaltung in einem Subporphyrazin‐Pentacen‐Konjugat mittels Lösungsmittelpolarität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Guzmán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Giulia Lavarda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
| | - Parisa R. Rami
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Kanada
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Kanada
| | - M. Salomé Rodríguez‐Morgade
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
- IMDEA-Nanociencia Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hong Y, Kim J, Kim D, Kim H. Theoretical Engineering of Singlet Fission Kinetics in Perylene Bisimide Dimer with Chromophore Rotation. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:875-884. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Juno Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Quantum Chemistry Laboratory, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cui X, Zhao Y, Li Z, Meng Q, Zhang C. Proton Transfer and Nitro Rotation Tuned Photoisomerization of Artificial Base Pair-ZP. Front Chem 2020; 8:605117. [PMID: 33330400 PMCID: PMC7734142 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.605117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the successful incorporation of artificial base pairs in genetics has made a significant progress in synthetic biology. The present work reports the proton transfer and photoisomerization of unnatural base pair ZP, which is synthesized from the pyrimidine analog 6-amino-5-nitro-3-(1-β-D-2'-deoxyribo-furanosyl)-2 (1H)-pyridone (Z) and paired with its Watson-Crick complement, the purine analog 2-amino-8-(1'-β-D-2'- deoxyribofuranosyl)-imidazo[1,2-a]-1,3,5-triazin-4(8H)-one (P). To explain the mechanism of proton transfer process, we constructed the relaxed potential energy surfaces (PESs) linking the different tautomers in both gas phase and solution. Our results show that the double proton transfer in the gas phase occurs in a concerted way both in S0 and S1 states, while the stepwise mechanism becomes more favorable in solution. The solvent effect can promote the single proton transfer, which undergoes a lower energy barrier in S1 state due to the strengthened hydrogen bond. In contrast to the excited state ultrafast deactivation process of the natural bases, there is no conical intersection between S0 and S1 states along the proton transfer coordinate to activate the decay mechanism in ZP. Of particular relevance to the photophysical properties, charge-transfer character is obviously related to the nitro rotation in S1 state. We characterized the molecular vibration effect on the electronic properties, which reveals the electronic excitation can be tuned by the rotation-induced structural distortion accompanied with the electron localization on nitro group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Cui
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhibing Li
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingtian Meng
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Changzhe Zhang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Taffet EJ, Beljonne D, Scholes GD. Overlap-Driven Splitting of Triplet Pairs in Singlet Fission. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20040-20047. [PMID: 33190497 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We analyze correlated-triplet-pair (TT) singlet-fission intermediates toward two-triplet separation (T...T) using spin-state-averaged density matrix renormalization group electronic-structure calculations. Specifically, we compare the triplet-triplet exchange (J) for tetracene dimers, bipentacene, a subunit of the benzodithiophene-thiophene dioxide polymer, and a carotenoid (neurosporene). Exchange-split energy gaps of J and 3J separate a singlet from a triplet and a singlet from a quintet, respectively. We draw two new insights: (a) the canonical tetracene singlet-fission unit cell supports precisely three low-lying TT intermediates with order-of-magnitude differences in J, and (b) the separable TT intermediate in carotenoids emanates from a pair of excitations to the second triplet state. Therefore, unlike with tetracenes, carotenoid fission requires above-gap excitations. In all cases, the distinguishability of the molecular triplets-that is, the extent of orbital overlap-determines the splitting within the spin manifold of TT states. Consequently, J represents a spectroscopic observable that distnguishes the resemblance between TT intermediates and the T...T product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elliot J Taffet
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - David Beljonne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim J, Teo HT, Hong Y, Oh J, Kim H, Chi C, Kim D. Multiexcitonic Triplet Pair Generation in Oligoacene Dendrimers as Amorphous Solid‐State Miniatures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juno Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Hao Ting Teo
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry Incheon National University 22012 Incheon Korea
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alagna N, Lustres JLP, Roozbeh A, Han J, Hahn S, Berger FJ, Zaumseil J, Dreuw A, Bunz UHF, Buckup T. Ultrafast Singlet Fission in Rigid Azaarene Dimers with Negligible Orbital Overlap. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9163-9174. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Alagna
- Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jose Luis Pérez Lustres
- Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ashkan Roozbeh
- Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jie Han
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hahn
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix J. Berger
- Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tiago Buckup
- Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim J, Teo HT, Hong Y, Oh J, Kim H, Chi C, Kim D. Multiexcitonic Triplet Pair Generation in Oligoacene Dendrimers as Amorphous Solid‐State Miniatures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20956-20964. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juno Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Hao Ting Teo
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry Incheon National University 22012 Incheon Korea
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jiang H, Zimmerman PM. Charge transfer via spin flip configuration interaction: Benchmarks and application to singlet fission. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:064109. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0018267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hanjie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Paul M. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Menon A, Papadopoulos I, Harreiß C, Mora-Fuentes JP, Cortizo-Lacalle D, Mateo-Alonso A, Spiecker E, Guldi DM. Collecting up to 115% of Singlet-Fission Products by Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8875-8886. [PMID: 32543172 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, we focused on integrating a phenylene-bridged dibenzodiazahexacene dimer (o-DAD), which is singlet fission (SF) active, onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as a low-energy sink for energetically low lying excited states that stem from SF. Spectroscopic and microscopic assays assisted in documenting that SWCNT/o-DAD feature high stability in THF as a result of electronic interactions between the individual constituents. For example, statistical Raman analysis underlined n-doping of SWCNTs in the presence of o-DAD. Fluorescence spectroscopy prompted an energy transfer between the individual constituents, a conclusion that was exclusively derived from the quenching of the o-DAD-centered fluorescence. Excitation spectroscopy with a focus on the SWCNT fluorescence confirmed independently this conclusion by showing o-DAD-centered features. Our work was rounded off by time-resolved transient absorption measurements with SWCNT/o-DAD, in which evidence was gathered for the sequential o-DAD-centered SF with an efficiency of 112% followed by a unidirectional energy transfer from o-DAD to SWCNT and a rapid deactivation. The energy transfer efficiency from SF products such as (S1S0)CT and 1(T1T1) exceeded the 100% threshold with values of 115%, which is conventionally found in energy transfer schemes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Menon
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Harreiß
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM) and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan P Mora-Fuentes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Diego Cortizo-Lacalle
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 6 Solairua, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM) and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cassabaum AA, Bera K, Rich CC, Nebgen BR, Kwang SY, Clapham ML, Frontiera RR. Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectro-microscopy for probing chemical reaction dynamics in solid-state materials. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:030901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0009976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A. Cassabaum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Kajari Bera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Christopher C. Rich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Bailey R. Nebgen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Siu Yi Kwang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Margaret L. Clapham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Renee R. Frontiera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tao G, Tan Y. Modular Tensor Diagram Approach for the Construction of Spin Eigenfunctions: The Case Study of Exciton Pair States. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5435-5443. [PMID: 32551608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mapping out the high-dimensional state space would be valuable for better understanding the multistate quantum systems. Here, we demonstrate that high-dimensional spin state space can be mapped onto a tensor diagram in full dimension or self-similarly onto the reduced base state space. Based on the tensor diagram, a modular approach is proposed to construct spin eigenfunctions taking the basis of the lower-dimensional space as modules. The implementation of the approach on exciton pair states results in 16 spin eigenstates including 2 singlet states, 3 triplet states, and 1 quintet state with proper symmetry, in contrast to the ones generated using the conventional branching diagram method. The corresponding state energies obtained show the order of spin eigenstates reverses with respect to spin multiplicity. Interestingly, the state space can be decomposed into three subspaces corresponding to the singlet-singlet pair, singlet-triplet pair, and triplet-triplet pair, resulting in a modular structure that is invariant as intermolecular interactions diminish. The proposed approach offers a new perspective on the state space structure of multiple spin states, featuring a hierarchical symmetry, which could be extended to general high-dimensional quantum multistate systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Tao
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials by Design, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yunshu Tan
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials by Design, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sardar S. Effects of site-specific substitution to hexacene and its effect towards singlet fission. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 98:107608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Enrique Aguilar Suarez
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maximilian F. S. J. Menger
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Shirin Faraji
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ginsberg NS, Tisdale WA. Spatially Resolved Photogenerated Exciton and Charge Transport in Emerging Semiconductors. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2019; 71:1-30. [PMID: 31756129 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-052516-050703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We review recent advances in the characterization of electronic forms of energy transport in emerging semiconductors. The approaches described all temporally and spatially resolve the evolution of initially localized populations of photogenerated excitons or charge carriers. We first provide a comprehensive background for describing the physical origin and nature of electronic energy transport both microscopically and from the perspective of the observer. We introduce the new family of far-field, time-resolved optical microscopies developed to directly resolve not only the extent of this transport but also its potentially temporally and spatially dependent rate. We review a representation of examples from the recent literature, including investigation of energy flow in colloidal quantum dot solids, organic semiconductors, organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites, and 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. These examples illustrate how traditional parameters like diffusivity are applicable only within limited spatiotemporal ranges and how the techniques at the core of this review,especially when taken together, are revealing a more complete picture of the spatiotemporal evolution of energy transport in complex semiconductors, even as a function of their structural heterogeneities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi S Ginsberg
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; .,Material Sciences Division and Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - William A Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Collins MI, McCamey DR, Tayebjee MJY. Fluctuating exchange interactions enable quintet multiexciton formation in singlet fission. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:164104. [PMID: 31675884 DOI: 10.1063/1.5115816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several recent electron spin resonance studies have observed a quintet multiexciton state during the singlet fission process. Here, we provide a general theoretical explanation for the generation of this state by invoking a time-varying exchange coupling between pairs of triplet excitons and subsequently solving the relevant time-varying spin Hamiltonian for different rates at which the exchange coupling varies. We simulate experimental ESR spectra and draw qualitative conclusions about the adiabatic and diabatic transitions between triplet pair spin states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miles I Collins
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Dane R McCamey
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Murad J Y Tayebjee
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sun D, Deng GH, Xu B, Xu E, Li X, Wu Y, Qian Y, Zhong Y, Nuckolls C, Harutyunyan AR, Dai HL, Chen G, Chen H, Rao Y. Anisotropic Singlet Fission in Single Crystalline Hexacene. iScience 2019; 19:1079-1089. [PMID: 31522118 PMCID: PMC6745488 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Singlet fission is known to improve solar energy utilization by circumventing the Shockley-Queisser limit. The two essential steps of singlet fission are the formation of a correlated triplet pair and its subsequent quantum decoherence. However, the mechanisms of the triplet pair formation and decoherence still remain elusive. Here we examined both essential steps in single crystalline hexacene and discovered remarkable anisotropy of the overall singlet fission rate along different crystal axes. Since the triplet pair formation emerges on the same timescale along both crystal axes, the quantum decoherence is likely responsible for the directional anisotropy. The distinct quantum decoherence rates are ascribed to the notable difference on their associated energy loss according to the Redfield quantum dissipation theory. Our hybrid experimental/theoretical framework will not only further our understanding of singlet fission, but also shed light on the systematic design of new materials for the third-generation solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dezheng Sun
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Gang-Hua Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Bolei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Enshi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Yajing Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Yuqin Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Yu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Hai-Lung Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Gugang Chen
- Honda Research Institute USA, Inc., San Jose, CA 95134, USA.
| | - Hanning Chen
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Yi Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pal AK, Bhattacharyya K, Datta A. Remote Functionalization through Symmetric or Asymmetric Substitutions Control the Pathway of Intermolecular Singlet Fission. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:5014-5023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, WB India
| | - Kalishankar Bhattacharyya
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, WB India
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, WB India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Reddy SR, Coto PB, Thoss M. Quantum dynamical simulation of intramolecular singlet fission in covalently coupled pentacene dimers. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:044307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5109897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Rajagopala Reddy
- Institute of Physics, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pedro B. Coto
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avda. Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Michael Thoss
- Institute of Physics, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Alagna N, Han J, Wollscheid N, Perez Lustres JL, Herz J, Hahn S, Koser S, Paulus F, Bunz UHF, Dreuw A, Buckup T, Motzkus M. Tailoring Ultrafast Singlet Fission by the Chemical Modification of Phenazinothiadiazoles. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8834-8845. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Alagna
- Centre for Advanced Materials
, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Nikolaus Wollscheid
- Centre for Advanced Materials
, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. Luis Perez Lustres
- Centre for Advanced Materials
, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Centre for Advanced Materials
, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Centre for Advanced Materials
, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tiago Buckup
- Centre for Advanced Materials
, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Motzkus
- Centre for Advanced Materials
, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Song X, Zhang F, Bu Y. Dynamic relaying properties of a β-turn peptide in long-range electron transfer. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:988-996. [PMID: 30451309 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The relay stations play a significant role in long-range charge hopping transfer in proteins. Although studies have clarified that many more protein structural motifs can function as relays in charge hopping transfers by acting as intermediate charge carriers, the relaying properties are still poorly understood. In this work, taking a β-turn oligopeptide as an example, we report a dynamic character of a relay with tunable relaying properties using the density functional theory calculations. Our main finding is that a β-turn peptide can serve as an effective electron relay in facilitating long-range electron migration and its relay properties is vibration-tunable. The vibration-induced structural transient distortions remarkably affect the lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy, vertical electron affinity and electron-binding mode of the β-turn oligopeptide and the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) energy of the corresponding electron adduct and thus the relaying properties. Different vibration modes lead to different structural distortions and thus have different effects on the relaying properties and ability of the β-turn peptide. For the relaying properties, there approximately is a linear negative correlation of electron affinity with the LUMO energy of the β-turn or the SOMO energy of its electron adduct. Besides, such relaying properties also vary in the vibration evolution process, and the electron-binding modes may be tunable. As an important addition to the known static charge relaying properties occurring in various protein structural motifs, this work reports the dynamic electron-relaying characteristics of a β-turn oligopeptide with variable relaying properties governed by molecular vibrations which can be applied to different proteins in mediating long-range charge transfers. Clearly, this work reveals molecular vibration effects on the electron relaying properties of protein structural motifs and provides new insights into the dynamics of long-range charge transfers in proteins. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Song
- School of Chemistry &Chemical Engineering, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengying Zhang
- School of Chemistry &Chemical Engineering, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry &Chemical Engineering, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Papadopoulos I, Zirzlmeier J, Hetzer C, Bae YJ, Krzyaniak MD, Wasielewski MR, Clark T, Tykwinski RR, Guldi DM. Varying the Interpentacene Electronic Coupling to Tune Singlet Fission. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6191-6203. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Zirzlmeier
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Constantin Hetzer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Youn J. Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Matthew D. Krzyaniak
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemistry-Center, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstr. 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bai S, Barbatti M. Mechanism of Spin-Exchange Internal Conversion: Practical Proxies for Diabatic and Nonadiabatic Couplings. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:1503-1513. [PMID: 30735372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spin-exchange internal conversion (SEIC) is a general class of reactions having singlet fission and triplet fusion as particular cases. Based on a charge transfer (CT) mediated mechanism and analytical derivation with a model Hamiltonian, we propose proxies for estimating the coupling strength in both diabatic and adiabatic pictures for general SEIC reactions. In the diabatic picture, we demonstrated the existence of a bilinear relationship between the coupling strength and molecular orbital overlap, which provides a practical way to predict diabatic couplings. In the adiabatic picture, we showed that nonadiabatic couplings can be approximated by simple functions of the wave function CT coefficients. These approaches were verified through the investigation of singlet oxygen photosensitization, where both 1Δg and 1Σg oxygen states can be competitively generated by a triplet fusion reaction. The interplay between the CT-mediated mechanism, the spatial factors of the bimolecular complex, and the electronic structure of the oxygen molecule during the reaction explains the curiously small coupling to the 1Σg state along specific incidence directions. The results from both the diabatic and adiabatic pictures provide a comprehensive understanding of the reaction mechanism, which applies to general SEIC problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Bai
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, ICR , 13397 Marseille , France
| | - Mario Barbatti
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, ICR , 13397 Marseille , France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
This account aims at providing an understanding of singlet fission, i.e., the photophysical process of a singlet state ( S1) splitting into two triplet states (2 × T1) in molecular chromophores. Since its discovery 50 years ago, the field of singlet fission has enjoyed rapid expansion in the past 8 years. However, there have been lingering confusion and debates on the nature of the all-important triplet pair intermediate states and the definition of singlet fission rates. Here we clarify the confusion from both theoretical and experimental perspectives. We distinguish the triplet pair state that maintains electronic coherence between the two constituent triplets, 1(TT), from one which does not, 1(T···T). Only the rate of formation of 1(T···T) is defined as that of singlet fission. We present distinct experimental evidence for 1(TT), whose formation may occur via incoherent and/or vibronic coherent mechanisms. We discuss the challenges in treating singlet fission beyond the dimer approximation, in understanding the often neglected roles of delocalization on singlet fission rates, and in realizing the much lauded goal of increasing solar energy conversion efficiencies with singlet fission chromophores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Miyata
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Felisa S Conrad-Burton
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Florian L Geyer
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - X-Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Aguilar Suarez LE, Kathir R, Siagri E, Havenith RW, Faraji S. Determination of electronic couplings in the singlet fission process using a nonorthogonal configuration interaction approach. STATE OF THE ART OF MOLECULAR ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE COMPUTATIONS: CORRELATION METHODS, BASIS SETS AND MORE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aiq.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
42
|
López-Carballeira D, Zubiria M, Casanova D, Ruipérez F. Improvement of the electrochemical and singlet fission properties of anthraquinones by modification of the diradical character. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:7941-7952. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemistry is employed to estimate the effects that the structural modification of 1,5- and 9,10-anthraquinones produces in their electronic structure, in the pursuit of a common strategy to improve the electrochemical and singlet fission features on conjugated quinones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - María Zubiria
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- 20018 Donostia
- Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- 20018 Donostia
- Spain
- IKERBASQUE
- Basque Foundation for Science
| | - Fernando Ruipérez
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta Center
- San Sebastián
- Spain
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The highly unusual state, 1(TT), is a coupled, double triplet state that has recently garnered significant attention. This multiexcitonic state can be formed by a quantum transition from a single-photon bright state in a variety of organic semiconducting materials. 1(TT)'s transient nature and similarity to independent triplets, however, has led to significant difficulties in characterization and prediction of its properties. Recent progress describing 1(TT) from theory and experiment are breaking through these difficulties, and have greatly advanced our comprehension of this state. Starting from the early description of 1(TT) in polyenes, this perspective discusses formation mechanisms, spectroscopic signatures, and the scope of intertriplet interactions. When employing singlet fission to generate charge carriers in a solar cell, 1(TT) has a central role. Due to the variety of coupling strengths between triplet states in 1(TT) amongst different chromophores, two different strategies are discussed to enable efficient charge carrier extraction. Continued growth in our understanding of 1(TT) may lead to control over complex quantum states for intriguing applications beyond high-efficiency, organic solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Reddy SR, Coto PB, Thoss M. Intramolecular Singlet Fission: Insights from Quantum Dynamical Simulations. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5979-5986. [PMID: 30257561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the dynamics of intramolecular singlet fission in a dimer consisting of two pentacene-based chromophores covalently bonded to a phenylene spacer using an approach that combines high-level ab initio multireference perturbation theory methods and quantum dynamical simulations. The results show that the population of the multiexcitonic state, corresponding to the first step of singlet fission, is facilitated by the existence of higher-lying doubly excited and charge transfer states that participate in a superexchange-like way. The important role played by high-frequency ring-breathing molecular vibrations in the process is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Rajagopala Reddy
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Pedro B Coto
- Institute of Theoretical Physics , Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Michael Thoss
- Institute of Physics , Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Farouil L, Alary F, Bedel-Pereira E, Heully JL. Revisiting the Vibrational and Optical Properties of P3HT: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6532-6545. [PMID: 30025204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b03814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Léa Farouil
- LCPQ-IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UT3-Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du Colonel ROCHE, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, LAAS, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Fabienne Alary
- LCPQ-IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UT3-Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Eléna Bedel-Pereira
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du Colonel ROCHE, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, LAAS, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Louis Heully
- LCPQ-IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UT3-Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
Basel BS, Zirzlmeier J, Hetzer C, Reddy SR, Phelan BT, Krzyaniak MD, Volland MK, Coto PB, Young RM, Clark T, Thoss M, Tykwinski RR, Wasielewski MR, Guldi DM. Evidence for Charge-Transfer Mediation in the Primary Events of Singlet Fission in a Weakly Coupled Pentacene Dimer. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
48
|
Hestand NJ, Spano FC. Expanded Theory of H- and J-Molecular Aggregates: The Effects of Vibronic Coupling and Intermolecular Charge Transfer. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7069-7163. [PMID: 29664617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 727] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The electronic excited states of molecular aggregates and their photophysical signatures have long fascinated spectroscopists and theoreticians alike since the advent of Frenkel exciton theory almost 90 years ago. The influence of molecular packing on basic optical probes like absorption and photoluminescence was originally worked out by Kasha for aggregates dominated by Coulombic intermolecular interactions, eventually leading to the classification of J- and H-aggregates. This review outlines advances made in understanding the relationship between aggregate structure and photophysics when vibronic coupling and intermolecular charge transfer are incorporated. An assortment of packing geometries is considered from the humble molecular dimer to more exotic structures including linear and bent aggregates, two-dimensional herringbone and "HJ" aggregates, and chiral aggregates. The interplay between long-range Coulomb coupling and short-range charge-transfer-mediated coupling strongly depends on the aggregate architecture leading to a wide array of photophysical behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Hestand
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Frank C Spano
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Singlet fission is a photophysical reaction in which a singlet excited electronic state splits into two spin-triplet states. Singlet fission was discovered more than 50 years ago, but the interest in this process has gained a lot of momentum in the past decade due to its potential as a way to boost solar cell efficiencies. This review presents and discusses the most recent advances with respect to the theoretical and computational studies on the singlet fission phenomenon. The work revisits important aspects regarding electronic states involved in the process, the evaluation of fission rates and interstate couplings, the study of the excited state dynamics in singlet fission, and the advances in the design and characterization of singlet fission compounds and materials such as molecular dimers, polymers, or extended structures. Finally, the review tries to pinpoint some aspects that need further improvement and proposes future lines of research for theoretical and computational chemists and physicists in order to further push the understanding and applicability of singlet fission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Casanova
- Kimika Fakultatea , Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , P.K. 1072, 20080 Donostia , Euskadi, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque, Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Euskadi, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ito S, Nagami T, Nakano M. Molecular design for efficient singlet fission. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|