1
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Lasemi N, Wicht T, Bernardi J, Liedl G, Rupprechter G. Defect-Rich CuZn Nanoparticles for Model Catalysis Produced by Femtosecond Laser Ablation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:38163-38176. [PMID: 38934369 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Femtosecond laser ablation of Cu0.70Zn0.30 targets in ethanol led to the formation of periodic surface nanostructures and crystalline CuZn alloy nanoparticles with defects, low-coordinated surface sites, and, controlled by the applied laser fluence, different sizes and elemental composition. The Cu/Zn ratio of the nanoparticles was determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and selected area electron diffraction. The CuZn nanoparticles were about 2-3 nm in size, and Cu-rich, varying between 70 and 95%. Increasing the laser fluence from 1.6 to 3.2 J cm-2 yielded larger particles, more stacking fault defects, and repeated nanotwinning, as evident from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, aided by (inverse) fast Fourier transform analysis. This is due to the higher plasma temperature, leading to increased random collisions/diffusion of primary nanoparticles and their incomplete ordering due to immediate solidification typical of ultrashort pulses. The femtosecond laser-synthesized often nanotwinned CuZn nanoparticles were supported on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and applied for ethylene hydrogenation, demonstrating their promising potential as model catalysts. Nanoparticles produced at 3.2 J cm-2 exhibited lower catalytic activity than those made at 2.7 J cm-2. Presumably, agglomeration/aggregation of especially 2-3 nm sized nanoparticles, as observed by postreaction analysis, resulted in a decrease in the surface area to volume ratio and thus in the number of low-coordinated active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niusha Lasemi
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, 1060 Wien, Austria
| | - Thomas Wicht
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, 1060 Wien, Austria
| | - Johannes Bernardi
- University Service Center for Transmission Electron Microscopy, TU Wien, 1020 Wien, Austria
| | - Gerhard Liedl
- Institute of Production Engineering and Photonic Technologies, TU Wien, 1060 Wien, Austria
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2
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Manyuan N, Kawasaki H. Activated platinum in gallium-based room-temperature liquid metals for enhanced reduction reactions. RSC Adv 2023; 13:30273-30280. [PMID: 37849703 PMCID: PMC10577643 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06571e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Room-temperature gallium-based liquid metals (LMs) have recently attracted significant attention worldwide for application in catalysis because of their unique combination of fluidic and catalytic properties. Platinum loading in LMs is expected to enhance the catalytic performance of various reaction systems. However, Pt-loaded methods for Ga-based LMs have not yet been sufficiently developed to improve the catalytic performance and Pt utilization efficiency. In this study, a novel method for the fabrication of Pt-incorporated LMs using Pt sputter deposition (Pt(dep)-LMs) was developed. The Pt(dep)-LMs contained well-dispersed Pt flakes with diameters of 0.89 ± 0.6 μm. The catalytic activity of the Pt(dep)-LM with a Pt loading of ∼0.7 wt% was investigated using model reactions such as methylene blue (MB) reduction and hydrogen production in an acidic aqueous solution. The Pt(dep)-LMs showed a higher MB reduction rate (three times) and hydrogen production (three times) than the LM loaded with conventional Pt black (∼0.7 wt%). In contrast to the Pt(dep)-LMs, solid-based Ga with a Pt loading of ∼0.7 wt% did not catalyze the reactions. These results demonstrate that Pt activation occurred in the Pt(dep)-LMs fabricated by Pt sputtering, and that the fluidic properties of the LMs enhanced the catalytic reduction reactions. Thus, these findings highlight the superior performance of the Pt deposition method and the advantages of using Pt-LM-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichayanan Manyuan
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita Osaka 564-8680 Japan
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita Osaka 564-8680 Japan
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3
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Zhang SS, Yi J, Cao T, Guan JP, Sun JQ, Zhao QY, Qiu YJ, Ye CL, Xiong Y, Meng G, Chen W, Lin Z, Zhang J. Inserting Single-Atom Zn by Tannic Acid Confinement To Regulate the Selectivity of Pd Nanocatalysts for Hydrogenation Reactions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206052. [PMID: 36549675 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Precisely controlling the selectivity of nanocatalysts has always been a hot topic in heterogeneous catalysis but remains difficult owing to their complex and inhomogeneous catalytic sites. Herein, an effective strategy to regulate the chemoselectivity of Pd nanocatalysts for selective hydrogenation reactions by inserting single-atom Zn into Pd nanoparticles is reported. Taking advantage of the tannic acid coating-confinement strategy, small-sized Pd nanoparticles with inserted single-atom Zn are obtained on the O-doped carbon-coated alumina. Compared with the pure Pd nanocatalyst, the Pd nanocatalyst with single-atom Zn insertion exhibits prominent selectivity for the hydrogenation of p-iodonitrobenzene to afford the hydrodeiodination product instead of nitro hydrogenation ones. Further computational studies reveal that the single-atom Zn on Pd nanoparticles strengthens the adsorption of the nitro group to avoid its reduction and increases the d-band center of Pd atoms to facilitate the reduction of the iodo group, which leads to enhanced selectivity. This work provides new guidelines to tune the selectivity of nanocatalysts with guest single-atom sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jun Yi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| | - Tai Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jian-Ping Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Qin-Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Ya-Jun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Chen-Liang Ye
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Zhou Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
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Malik MA, Albeladi SS, Al-Maaqar SM, Alshehri AA, Al-Thabaiti SA, Khan I, Kamli MR. Biosynthesis of Novel Ag-Cu Bimetallic Nanoparticles from Leaf Extract of Salvia officinalis and Their Antibacterial Activity. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030653. [PMID: 36983809 PMCID: PMC10099723 DOI: 10.3390/life13030653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bimetallic nanoparticles exhibit bifunctional or synergistic effects prevailing between two metals with the capabilities of enhanced electronic, catalytic, and optical properties. Green synthetic routes have gained tremendous interest because of the noninvolvement of toxic and harmful chemical reagents in preparation. Therefore, we develop bimetallic Ag-Cu nanoparticles (Ag-Cu NPs) through an eco-friendly and biocompatible preparation method. In this study, Ag-Cu NPs have been synthesized from leaf extracts of the commonly known sage, S. officinalis. The extract has a rich phytochemical composition, including bioreducing polyphenols, flavonoids, and capping/stabilizing agents. An array of well-known spectroscopic and microscopic techniques were used to characterize the as-prepared Ag-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The size of the Ag-Cu NPs was found to be 50 nm with a spherical shape and an almost uniform distribution. The antibacterial effect was further evaluated using agar well diffusion and disc diffusion assays. Ag-Cu NPs exhibit antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Ag-Cu NPs was between 5 g/mL and 15 g/mL. The Ag-Cu NPs inhibit biofilm formation at 25 g/mL and 50 g/mL. The results of biogenic Ag-Cu NPs provide novel antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as antibiofilm activity. Hence, Ag-Cu NPs might serve as a novel antibacterial agent with potential antibacterial and antibiofilm properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqsood Ahmad Malik
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Shroog ShdiedRoyji Albeladi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Mohammed Al-Maaqar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen Ali Alshehri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaeel Ahmed Al-Thabaiti
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Khan
- Applied Science Section, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Majid Rasool Kamli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.); (M.R.K.)
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5
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Maqbool Q, Yigit N, Stöger-Pollach M, Ruello ML, Tittarelli F, Rupprechter G. Operando monitoring of a room temperature nanocomposite methanol sensor. Catal Sci Technol 2023; 13:624-636. [PMID: 36760342 PMCID: PMC9900598 DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01395a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The sensing of volatile organic compounds by composites containing metal oxide semiconductors is typically explained via adsorption-desorption and surface electrochemical reactions changing the sensor's resistance. The analysis of molecular processes on chemiresistive gas sensors is often based on indirect evidence, whereas in situ or operando studies monitoring the gas/surface interactions enable a direct insight. Here we report a cross-disciplinary approach employing spectroscopy of working sensors to investigate room temperature methanol detection, contrasting well-characterized nanocomposite (TiO2@rGO-NC) and reduced-graphene oxide (rGO) sensors. Methanol interactions with the sensors were examined by (quasi) operando-DRIFTS and in situ-ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, the first paralleled by simultaneous measurements of resistance. The sensing mechanism was also studied by mass spectroscopy (MS), revealing the surface electrochemical reactions. The operando and in situ spectroscopy techniques demonstrated that the sensing mechanism on the nanocomposite relies on the combined effect of methanol reversible physisorption and irreversible chemisorption, sensor modification over time, and electron/O2 depletion-restoration due to a surface electrochemical reaction forming CO2 and H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaisar Maqbool
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning (SIMAU), Università Politecnica delle Marche INSTM Research Unit, via Brecce Bianche 12 60131 Ancona Italy
| | - Nevzat Yigit
- Institute of Materials Chemistry TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC A-1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Michael Stöger-Pollach
- University Service Center for Transmission Electron Microscopy TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10 1040 Vienna Austria
| | - Maria Letizia Ruello
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning (SIMAU), Università Politecnica delle Marche INSTM Research Unit, via Brecce Bianche 12 60131 Ancona Italy
| | - Francesca Tittarelli
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning (SIMAU), Università Politecnica delle Marche INSTM Research Unit, via Brecce Bianche 12 60131 Ancona Italy
| | - Günther Rupprechter
- Institute of Materials Chemistry TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC A-1060 Vienna Austria
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6
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Zhang Q, Jing B, Qiu S, Cui C, Zhu Y, Deng F. A mechanism in boosting H2 generation: nanotip-enhanced local temperature and electric field with the boundary layer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 629:755-765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Niu Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Li S, Huang X, Willinger MG, Zhang W, Liu Y, Zhang B. Patterning the consecutive Pd 3 to Pd 1 on Pd 2Ga surface via temperature-promoted reactive metal-support interaction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq5751. [PMID: 36490336 PMCID: PMC9733920 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq5751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atom-by-atom control of a catalyst surface is a central yet challenging topic in heterogeneous catalysis, which enables precisely confined adsorption and oriented approach of reactant molecules. Here, exposed surfaces with either consecutive Pd trimers (Pd3) or isolated Pd atoms (Pd1) are architected for Pd2Ga intermetallic nanoparticles (NPs) using reactive metal-support interaction (RMSI). At elevated temperatures under hydrogen, in situ atomic-scale transmission electron microscopy directly visualizes the refacetting of Pd2Ga NPs from energetically favorable (013)/(020) facets to (011)/(002). Infrared spectroscopy and acetylene hydrogenation reaction complementarily confirm the evolution from consecutive Pd3 to Pd1 sites of Pd2Ga catalysts with the concurrent fingerprinting CO adsorption and featured reactivities. Through theoretical calculations and modeling, we reveal that the restructured Pd2Ga surface results from the preferential arrangement of additionally reduced Ga atoms on the surface. Our work provides previously unidentified mechanistic insight into temperature-promoted RMSI and possible solutions to control and rearrange the surface atoms of supported intermetallic catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Niu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yongzhao Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Junnan Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shiyan Li
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 36108, China
| | - Marc-Georg Willinger
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
- School of Natural Science (NAT), Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials MOE, and Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuefeng Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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8
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Ren X, Li C, Liu J, Li H, Bing L, Bai S, Xue G, Shen Y, Yang Q. The Fabrication of Pd Single Atoms/Clusters on COF Layers as Co-catalysts for Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:6885-6893. [PMID: 35076197 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The particle size of co-catalysts significantly affects the activity of semiconductors in photocatalysis. Herein, we report that the photocatalytic H2 evolution (PHE) activity of a visible light responsive covalent organic framework (COF) layer supported on SiO2 nanoparticles was greatly promoted from 47.7 to 85.5 μmol/h by decreasing the particle size of the Pd co-catalyst from 3.3 nm to single atoms/clusters. A PHE rate of 156 mmol gCOF-1 h-1 and apparent quantum efficiency up to 7.3% were achieved with the Pd SAs/Cs co-catalyst. The relationship between the activity of Pd in H2 dissociation, proton reduction, and PHE rate suggests that the promotion effect of Pd SAs/Cs is mainly attributed to their enhancement in charge separation of COF layers rather than proton reduction. Furthermore, a photoactive film was fabricated and steady production of H2 was achieved under visible light irradiation and static conditions. The optimization of the particle size of co-catalysts provides an efficient method for enhancing the photocatalytic activity of semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Liujie Bing
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Ping Le Yuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shiyang Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Ping Le Yuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Guoyong Xue
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yanbin Shen
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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Model Catalysis with HOPG-Supported Pd Nanoparticles and Pd Foil: XPS, STM and C2H4 Hydrogenation. Catal Letters 2021; 152:2892-2907. [PMID: 36196216 PMCID: PMC9525433 DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03868-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A surface science based approach was applied to model carbon supported Pd nanoparticle catalysts. Employing physical vapour deposition of Pd on sputtered surfaces of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), model catalysts were prepared that are well-suited for characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Analysis of the HOPG substrate before and after ion-bombardment, and of Pd/HOPG before and after annealing, revealed the number of “nominal” HOPG defects (~ 1014 cm−2) as well as the nucleation density (~ 1012 cm−2) and structural characteristics of the Pd nanoparticles (mean size/height/distribution). Two model systems were stabilized by UHV annealing to 300 °C, with mean Pd particles sizes of 4.3 and 6.8 nm and size/height aspect ratio up to ~ 10. A UHV-compatible flow microreactor and gas chromatography were used to determine the catalytic performance of Pd/HOPG in ethylene (C2H4) hydrogenation up to 150 °C under atmospheric pressure, yielding temperature-dependent conversion values, turnover frequencies (TOFs) and activation energies. The performance of Pd nanocatalysts is compared to that of polycrystalline Pd foil and contrasted to Pt/HOPG and Pt foil, pointing to a beneficial effect of the metal/carbon phase boundary, reflected by up to 10 kJ mol−1 lower activation energies for supported nanoparticles.
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10
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Collins SE, Baltanás MA, Delgado JJ, Borgna A, Bonivardi AL. CO2 hydrogenation to methanol on Ga2O3-Pd/SiO2 catalysts: Dual oxide-metal sites or (bi)metallic surface sites? Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Bhatti AL, Tahira A, Gradone A, Mazzaro R, Morandi V, aftab U, Abro MI, Nafady A, Qi K, Infantes-Molina A, Vomiero A, Ibupoto ZH. Nanostructured Co3O4 electrocatalyst for OER: The role of organic polyelectrolytes as soft templates. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Rupprechter G. Operando Surface Spectroscopy and Microscopy during Catalytic Reactions: From Clusters via Nanoparticles to Meso-Scale Aggregates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2004289. [PMID: 33694320 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Operando characterization of working catalysts, requiring per definitionem the simultaneous measurement of catalytic performance, is crucial to identify the relevant catalyst structure, composition and adsorbed species. Frequently applied operando techniques are discussed, including X-ray absorption spectroscopy, near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. In contrast to these area-averaging spectroscopies, operando surface microscopy by photoemission electron microscopy delivers spatially-resolved data, directly visualizing catalyst heterogeneity. For thorough interpretation, the experimental results should be complemented by density functional theory. The operando approach enables to identify changes of cluster/nanoparticle structure and composition during ongoing catalytic reactions and reveal how molecules interact with surfaces and interfaces. The case studies cover the length-scales from clusters via nanoparticles to meso-scale aggregates, and demonstrate the benefits of specific operando methods. Restructuring, ligand/atom mobility, and surface composition alterations during the reaction may have pronounced effects on activity and selectivity. The nanoscale metal/oxide interface steers catalytic performance via a long ranging effect. Combining operando spectroscopy with switching gas feeds or concentration-modulation provides further mechanistic insights. The obtained fundamental understanding is a prerequisite for improving catalytic performance and for rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Rupprechter
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01, Vienna, 1060, Austria
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13
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Mustieles Marin I, Asensio JM, Chaudret B. Bimetallic Nanoparticles Associating Noble Metals and First-Row Transition Metals in Catalysis. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3550-3556. [PMID: 33660508 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) are complex systems with properties that far exceed those of the individual constituents. In particular, association of a noble metal and a first-row transition metal are attracting increasing interest for applications in catalysis, electrocatalysis, and magnetism, among others. Such objects display a rich structural chemistry thanks to their ability to form intermetallic phases, random alloys, or core-shell species. However, under reaction conditions, the surface of these nanostructures may be modified due to migration, segregation, or isolation of single atoms, leading to the formation of original structures with enhanced catalytic activity. In this respect, Zakhtser et al. report in this issue of ACS Nano the synthesis and study of the chemical evolution of the surface of a series of PtZn nanostructured alloys. In this Perspective, we report some selected examples of bimetallic nanocatalysts and their increased activity compared to that of the corresponding pure noble metal, with a special focus on Pt-based systems. We also discuss the mobility of the species present on the catalyst surface and the electronic influence of one metal to the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Mustieles Marin
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Juan M Asensio
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Chaudret
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
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14
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Li X, Rupprechter G. Sum frequency generation spectroscopy in heterogeneous model catalysis: a minireview of CO-related processes. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01736a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy is applied to ambient pressure surface science studies of adsorption and catalytic reactions at solid/gas interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Institute of Materials Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Günther Rupprechter
- Institute of Materials Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
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15
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Abstract
AbstractThe “Seven Pillars” of oxidation catalysis proposed by Robert K. Grasselli represent an early example of phenomenological descriptors in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Major advances in the theoretical description of catalytic reactions have been achieved in recent years and new catalysts are predicted today by using computational methods. To tackle the immense complexity of high-performance systems in reactions where selectivity is a major issue, analysis of scientific data by artificial intelligence and data science provides new opportunities for achieving improved understanding. Modern data analytics require data of highest quality and sufficient diversity. Existing data, however, frequently do not comply with these constraints. Therefore, new concepts of data generation and management are needed. Herein we present a basic approach in defining best practice procedures of measuring consistent data sets in heterogeneous catalysis using “handbooks”. Selective oxidation of short-chain alkanes over mixed metal oxide catalysts was selected as an example.
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16
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Yang J, Ding H, Wang J, Yigit N, Xu J, Rupprechter G, Zhang M, Li Z. Energy-Guided Shape Control Towards Highly Active CeO2. Top Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-020-01357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Gao T, Shi W, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhang B, Liu ZW. Finely Controlled Platinum Nanoparticles over ZnO Nanorods for Selective Hydrogenation of 3-Nitrostyrene to 3-Vinylaniline. Chemistry 2020; 26:8990-8996. [PMID: 32428365 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metallic platinum nanocatalysts play a key role in the liquid-phase selective hydrogenation of substrates with more than one unsaturated bond. However, the commonly applied explanation for the effects of different electronic and geometric properties of catalysts on reactions remains of a heuristic nature due to the difficulties involved in preparing catalysts with precise structure. In this work, we have directly loaded pre-synthesized metallic platinum nanoparticles onto well-structured ZnO nanorods and then subjected them to thermal treatment in a reductive atmosphere for different temperatures. The effects of the different electronic and geometric properties of the catalysts on the selective reduction of 3-nitrostyrene to 3-vinylaniline as a model reaction have been rigorously explored through an analysis of the catalyst structures and the activity and selectivity profiles. Both the electron transfer from zinc to platinum and the decreased platinum surface density as a result of the formation of PtZn intermetallic compounds are key factors for improving the selectivity for the desired 3-vinylaniline. Azobenzene was detected in the reaction with all the Pt/ZnO catalysts after 10-90 min, which indicates that the reaction follows a condensation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China.,Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Wen Shi
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, 113001, P. R. China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
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18
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Huang L, Song X, Lin Y, Liu C, He W, Wang S, Long Z, Sun Z. In situ observations of the structural dynamics of platinum-cobalt-hydroxide nanocatalysts under CO oxidation. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:3273-3283. [PMID: 31971202 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10950a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The structures, compositions and chemical states of metal catalysts are prone to dynamic changes in response to reaction conditions. In this work, a combination of in situ X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy has been used to monitor the temperature-dependent structural dynamics in bimetallic Pt-Co(OH)2 nanocatalysts during CO oxidation. Alloying with electron-donating Co promotes the catalytic activity of metallic Pt for CO oxidation at low temperature. At elevated temperatures under an oxidation atmosphere, O2 drives the segregation of the Pt-Co alloy into cobalt oxide and platinum metal, with the extent of alloying sharply decreasing from ∼30% at 300 K to 0 at 473 K. Reduction at high temperature could recover the formation of the Pt-Co alloy with the same alloying extent. The observed structural dynamics could be well correlated with the kinetic behavior of the catalysts. This work highlights the importance of tracking the dynamic structural changes of working catalysts for a correct understanding of their catalytic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China.
| | - Xueyang Song
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Lin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chengyong Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China.
| | - Wenxue He
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China.
| | - Siyu Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China.
| | - Zhixin Long
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China.
| | - Zhihu Sun
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China.
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19
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Ouyang M, Cao S, Yang S, Li M, Flytzani-Stephanopoulos M. Atomically Dispersed Pd Supported on Zinc Oxide for Selective Nonoxidative Ethanol Dehydrogenation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Ouyang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Sufeng Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Shize Yang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Mengwei Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Maria Flytzani-Stephanopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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20
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Manrique R, Rodríguez-Pereira J, Rincón-Ortiz SA, Bravo-Suárez JJ, Baldovino-Medrano VG, Jiménez R, Karelovic A. The nature of the active sites of Pd–Ga catalysts in the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00956c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Pd/Ga ratio influences the phases formed during catalysis. The best catalyst necessitates the formation of Pd–Ga intermetallic compounds and also a low content of Ga2O3, whose excess tend to block surface sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raydel Manrique
- Carbon and Catalysis Laboratory (CarboCat)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Universidad de Concepción
- Chile
| | - Jhonatan Rodríguez-Pereira
- Centro de Investigaciones en Catálisis
- Escuela de Ingeniería Química
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Colombia
| | - Sergio A. Rincón-Ortiz
- Laboratorio Central de Ciencia de Superficies
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Colombia
| | - Juan J. Bravo-Suárez
- Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Department
- The University of Kansas
- Lawrence
- USA
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis
| | - Víctor G. Baldovino-Medrano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Catálisis
- Escuela de Ingeniería Química
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Colombia
- Laboratorio Central de Ciencia de Superficies
| | - Romel Jiménez
- Carbon and Catalysis Laboratory (CarboCat)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Universidad de Concepción
- Chile
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT)
| | - Alejandro Karelovic
- Carbon and Catalysis Laboratory (CarboCat)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Universidad de Concepción
- Chile
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT)
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21
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Zhong J, Yang X, Wu Z, Liang B, Huang Y, Zhang T. State of the art and perspectives in heterogeneous catalysis of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1385-1413. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00614a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ever-increasing amount of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has resulted in great environmental impacts, the heterogeneous catalysis of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol is of great significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Zhilian Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Binglian Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Yanqiang Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
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22
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Du P, Wen Y, Chiang FK, Yao A, Wang JQ, Kang J, Chen L, Xie G, Liu X, Qiu HJ. Corrosion Engineering To Synthesize Ultrasmall and Monodisperse Alloy Nanoparticles Stabilized in Ultrathin Cobalt (Oxy)hydroxide for Enhanced Electrocatalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:14745-14752. [PMID: 30932466 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials decorated with ultrasmall and well-alloyed bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) have many important applications. Developing a facile and scalable 2D material/hybrid synthesis strategy is still a big challenge. Herein, a top-down corrosion strategy is developed to prepare ultrathin cobalt (oxy)hydroxide nanosheets decorated with ultrasmall (∼1.6 nm) alloy NPs. The formation of ultrathin (oxy)hydroxide nanosheets has a restrain effect to prevent the growth of small NPs into bigger ones. Thanks to the ultrathin 2D nature and strong electronic interaction between Co(OH)2 and alloy NPs, the Pt-based binary alloy NPs are greatly stabilized by the Co(OH)2 nanosheets and the hybrids exhibit much enhanced electrocatalytic performance for water splitting. Especially, the mass activities of the PtPd- and PtCu-decorated samples for hydrogen evolution are ∼8 times that of Pt/C. When used as both cathode and anode electrocatalysts to split water, the hybrid nanosheets outperform the commercial Pt/C-RuO2 combination. At 10 mA cm-2, the needed potential is only 1.53 V. This work provides us a highly controllable and scalable means to produce clean 2D nanomaterials decorated with a series of alloy NPs such as PtPd, PtCu, AuNi, and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Yuren Wen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Fu-Kuo Chiang
- National Institute of Clean and Low Carbon Energy , Beijing 102209 , China
| | - Ayan Yao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Jun-Qiang Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Jianli Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Processes and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin Polytechnic University , Tianjin 300387 , China
| | - Luyang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Guoqiang Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Xingjun Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining , Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Hua-Jun Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , Shenzhen 518055 , China
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23
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Bauer T, Maisel S, Blaumeiser D, Vecchietti J, Taccardi N, Wasserscheid P, Bonivardi A, Görling A, Libuda J. Operando DRIFTS and DFT Study of Propane Dehydrogenation over Solid- and Liquid-Supported Ga x Pt y Catalysts. ACS Catal 2019; 9:2842-2853. [PMID: 32477699 PMCID: PMC7252903 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Supported catalytically
active liquid metal solutions (SCALMS)
represent a class of catalytic materials that have only recently been
developed, but have already proven to be highly active, e.g., for
dehydrogenation reactions. Previous studies attributed the catalytic
activity to isolated noble metal atoms at the surface of a liquid
and inert Ga matrix. In this study, we apply diffuse reflectance infrared
Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) with CO as a probe molecule
to Ga/Al2O3, Pt/Al2O3,
and Ga37Pt/Al2O3 catalysts, to investigate
in detail the nature of the active Pt species. Comparison of CO adsorption
on Pt/Al2O3 and Ga37Pt/Al2O3 shows that isolated Pt atoms are, indeed, present at
the surface of the liquid SCALMS. Combining DRIFTS with online gas
chromatography (GC), we investigated the Ga/Al2O3, Pt/Al2O3, and Ga37Pt/Al2O3 systems under operando conditions during propane dehydrogenation
in CO/propane and in Ar/propane. We find that the Pt/Al2O3 sample is rapidly poisoned by CO adsorption and coke,
whereas propane dehydrogenation over Ga37Pt/Al2O3 SCALMS leads to higher conversion with no indication
of poisoning effects. We show under operando conditions that isolated
Pt atoms are present at the surface of SCALMS during the dehydrogenation
reaction. IR spectra and density-functional theory (DFT) suggest that
both the Ga matrix and the presence of coadsorbates alter the electronic
properties of the surface Pt species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Bauer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Maisel
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Blaumeiser
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Vecchietti
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral and CONICET, Güemes 3450, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Nicola Taccardi
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Wasserscheid
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, “Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energies” (IEK 11), Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adrian Bonivardi
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral and CONICET, Güemes 3450, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andreas Görling
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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24
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25
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Kettner M, Maisel S, Stumm C, Schwarz M, Schuschke C, Görling A, Libuda J. Pd-Ga model SCALMS: Characterization and stability of Pd single atom sites. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Rameshan C, Li H, Anic K, Roiaz M, Pramhaas V, Rameshan R, Blume R, Hävecker M, Knudsen J, Knop-Gericke A, Rupprechter G. In situ NAP-XPS spectroscopy during methane dry reforming on ZrO 2/Pt(1 1 1) inverse model catalyst. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:264007. [PMID: 29786619 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aac6ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to the need of sustainable energy sources, methane dry reforming is a useful reaction for conversion of the greenhouse gases CH4 and CO2 to synthesis gas (CO + H2). Syngas is the basis for a wide range of commodity chemicals and can be utilized for fuel production via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The current study focuses on spectroscopic investigations of the surface and reaction properties of a ZrO2/Pt inverse model catalyst, i.e. ZrO2 particles (islands) grown on a Pt(1 1 1) single crystal, with emphasis on in situ near ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) during MDR reaction. In comparison to technological systems, model catalysts facilitate characterization of the surface (oxidation) state, surface adsorbates, and the role of the metal-support interface. Using XPS and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy we demonstrated that under reducing conditions (UHV or CH4) the ZrO2 particles transformed to an ultrathin ZrO2 film that started to cover (wet) the Pt surface in an SMSI-like fashion, paralleled by a decrease in surface/interface oxygen. In contrast, (more oxidizing) dry reforming conditions with a 1:1 ratio of CH4 and CO2 were stabilizing the ZrO2 particles on the model catalyst surface (or were even reversing the strong metal support interaction (SMSI) effect), as revealed by in situ XPS. Carbon deposits resulting from CH4 dissociation were easily removed by CO2 or by switching to dry reforming conditions (673-873 K). Thus, at these temperatures the active Pt surface remained free of carbon deposits, also preserving the ZrO2/Pt interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rameshan
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
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27
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On the Surface Nature of Bimetallic PdZn Particles Supported on a ZnO–CeO2 Nanocomposite for the Methanol Steam Reforming Reaction. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Daeneke T, Khoshmanesh K, Mahmood N, de Castro IA, Esrafilzadeh D, Barrow SJ, Dickey MD, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Liquid metals: fundamentals and applications in chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4073-4111. [PMID: 29611563 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00043j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Post-transition elements, together with zinc-group metals and their alloys belong to an emerging class of materials with fascinating characteristics originating from their simultaneous metallic and liquid natures. These metals and alloys are characterised by having low melting points (i.e. between room temperature and 300 °C), making their liquid state accessible to practical applications in various fields of physical chemistry and synthesis. These materials can offer extraordinary capabilities in the synthesis of new materials, catalysis and can also enable novel applications including microfluidics, flexible electronics and drug delivery. However, surprisingly liquid metals have been somewhat neglected by the wider research community. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals underlying liquid metal research, including liquid metal synthesis, surface functionalisation and liquid metal enabled chemistry. Furthermore, we discuss phenomena that warrant further investigations in relevant fields and outline how liquid metals can contribute to exciting future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Daeneke
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - K Khoshmanesh
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - N Mahmood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - I A de Castro
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - D Esrafilzadeh
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - S J Barrow
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - M D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | - K Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Australia.
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29
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Muratsugu S, Yamaguchi A, Yokota GI, Maeno T, Tada M. Tuning the structure and catalytic activity of Ru nanoparticle catalysts by single 3d transition-metal atoms in Ru12–metalloporphyrin precursors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:4842-4845. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09862f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The single 3d metal atoms at the central position of the Ru12–metalloporphyrin complex precursors exerted a significant influence on the structure and hydrogenation performance of the Ru nanoparticles on the SiO2 surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Muratsugu
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Atsuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Gen-ichi Yokota
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Tomoaki Maeno
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Mizuki Tada
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
- Research Center for Materials Science (RCMS) & Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS)
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30
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Pd and PdZn supported on ZnO as catalysts for the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to hydrocinnamyl alcohol. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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32
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Föttinger K, Emhofer W, Lennon D, Rupprechter G. Adsorption and Reaction of CO on (Pd-)Al 2O 3 and (Pd-)ZrO 2: Vibrational Spectroscopy of Carbonate Formation. Top Catal 2017; 60:1722-1734. [PMID: 29238151 PMCID: PMC5715044 DOI: 10.1007/s11244-017-0852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
γ-Alumina is widely used as an oxide support in catalysis, and palladium nanoparticles supported by alumina represent one of the most frequently used dispersed metals. The surface sites of the catalysts are often probed via FTIR spectroscopy upon CO adsorption, which may result in the formation of surface carbonate species. We have examined this process in detail utilizing FTIR to monitor carbonate formation on γ-alumina and zirconia upon exposure to isotopically labelled and unlabelled CO and CO2. The same was carried out for well-defined Pd nanoparticles supported on Al2O3 or ZrO2. A water gas shift reaction of CO with surface hydroxyls was detected, which requires surface defect sites and adjacent OH groups. Furthermore, we have studied the effect of Cl synthesis residues, leading to strongly reduced carbonate formation and changes in the OH region (isolated OH groups were partly replaced or were even absent). To corroborate this finding, samples were deliberately poisoned with Cl to an extent comparable to that of synthesis residues, as confirmed by Auger electron spectroscopy. For catalysts prepared from Cl-containing precursors a new CO band at 2164 cm-1 was observed in the carbonyl region, which was ascribed to Pd interacting with Cl. Finally, the FTIR measurements were complemented by quantification of the amount of carbonates formed via chemisorption, which provides a tool to determine the concentration of reactive defect sites on the alumina surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Föttinger
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Waltraud Emhofer
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - David Lennon
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ Scotland, UK
| | - Günther Rupprechter
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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Gallium-rich Pd–Ga phases as supported liquid metal catalysts. Nat Chem 2017; 9:862-867. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Wolfbeisser A, Kovács G, Kozlov SM, Föttinger K, Bernardi J, Klötzer B, Neyman KM, Rupprechter G. Surface composition changes of CuNi-ZrO2 during methane decomposition: An operando NAP-XPS and density functional study. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lukashuk L, Föttinger K, Kolar E, Rameshan C, Teschner D, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Yigit N, Li H, McDermott E, Stöger-Pollach M, Rupprechter G. Operando XAS and NAP-XPS studies of preferential CO oxidation on Co3O4 and CeO2-Co3O4 catalysts. J Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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López-Lorente ÁI, Mizaikoff B. Recent advances on the characterization of nanoparticles using infrared spectroscopy. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bahruji H, Bowker M, Hutchings G, Dimitratos N, Wells P, Gibson E, Jones W, Brookes C, Morgan D, Lalev G. Pd/ZnO catalysts for direct CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. J Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wolfbeisser A, Sophiphun O, Bernardi J, Wittayakun J, Föttinger K, Rupprechter G. Methane dry reforming over ceria-zirconia supported Ni catalysts. Catal Today 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Anic K, Wolfbeisser A, Li H, Rameshan C, Föttinger K, Bernardi J, Rupprechter G. Surface Spectroscopy on UHV-Grown and Technological Ni-ZrO 2 Reforming Catalysts: From UHV to Operando Conditions. Top Catal 2016; 59:1614-1627. [PMID: 28035177 PMCID: PMC5153820 DOI: 10.1007/s11244-016-0678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ni nanoparticles supported on ZrO2 are a prototypical system for reforming catalysis converting methane to synthesis gas. Herein, we examine this catalyst on a fundamental level using a 2-fold approach employing industrial-grade catalysts as well as surface science based model catalysts. In both cases we examine the atomic (HRTEM/XRD/LEED) and electronic (XPS) structure, as well as the adsorption properties (FTIR/PM-IRAS), with emphasis on in situ/operando studies under atmospheric pressure conditions. For technological Ni–ZrO2 the rather large Ni nanoparticles (about 20 nm diameter) were evenly distributed over the monoclinic zirconia support. In situ FTIR spectroscopy and ex situ XRD revealed that even upon H2 exposure at 673 K no full reduction of the nickel surface was achieved. CO adsorbed reversibly on metallic and oxidic Ni sites but no CO dissociation was observed at room temperature, most likely because the Ni particle edges/steps comprised Ni oxide. CO desorption temperatures were in line with single crystal data, due to the large size of the nanoparticles. During methane dry reforming at 873 K carbon species were deposited on the Ni surface within the first 3 h but the CH4 and CO2 conversion hardly changed even during 24 h. Post reaction TEM and TPO suggest the formation of graphitic and whisker-type carbon that do not significantly block the Ni surface but rather physically block the tube reactor. Reverse water gas shift decreased the H2/CO ratio. Operando studies of methane steam reforming, simultaneously recording FTIR and MS data, detected activated CH4 (CH3 and CH2), activated water (OH), as well as different bidentate (bi)carbonate species, with the latter being involved in the water gas shift side reaction. Surface science Ni–ZrO2 model catalysts were prepared by first growing an ultrathin “trilayer” (O–Zr–O) ZrO2 support on an Pd3Zr alloy substrate, and subsequently depositing Ni, with the process being monitored by XPS and LEED. Apart from the trilayer oxide, there is a small fraction of ZrO2 clusters with more bulk-like properties. When CO was adsorbed on the (fully metallic) Ni particles at pressures up to 100 mbar, both PM-IRAS and XPS indicated CO dissociation around room temperature and blocking of the Ni surface by carbon (note that on the partially oxidized technological Ni particles, CO dissociation was absent). The Ni nanoparticles were stable up to 550 K but annealing to higher temperatures induced Ni migration through the ultrathin ZrO2 support into the Pd3Zr alloy. Both approaches have their benefits and limitations but enable us to address specific questions on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kresimir Anic
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Wolfbeisser
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hao Li
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Rameshan
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Föttinger
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Bernardi
- University Service Center for Transmission Electron Microscopy, Technische Universität Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Günther Rupprechter
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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Newberg JT, Åhlund J, Arble C, Goodwin C, Khalifa Y, Broderick A. A lab-based ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectrometer with exchangeable analysis chambers. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:085113. [PMID: 26329239 DOI: 10.1063/1.4928498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) is a powerful spectroscopy tool that is inherently surface sensitive, elemental, and chemical specific, with the ability to probe sample surfaces under Torr level pressures. Herein, we describe the design of a new lab-based APXPS system with the ability to swap small volume analysis chambers. Ag 3d(5/2) analyses of a silver foil were carried out at room temperature to determine the optimal sample-to-aperture distance, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis spot size, relative peak intensities, and peak full width at half maximum of three different electrostatic lens modes: acceleration, transmission, and angular. Ag 3d(5/2) peak areas, differential pumping pressures, and pump performance were assessed under varying N2(g) analysis chamber pressures up to 20 Torr. The commissioning of this instrument allows for the investigation of molecular level interfacial processes under ambient vapor conditions in energy and environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Newberg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - John Åhlund
- Scienta AB, Box 15120, 750 15 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chris Arble
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Chris Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Yehia Khalifa
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Alicia Broderick
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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Xu Y, Chen L, Wang X, Yao W, Zhang Q. Recent advances in noble metal based composite nanocatalysts: colloidal synthesis, properties, and catalytic applications. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:10559-10583. [PMID: 26036784 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02216a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This Review article provides a report on progress in the synthesis, properties and catalytic applications of noble metal based composite nanomaterials. We begin with a brief discussion on the categories of various composite materials. We then present some important colloidal synthetic approaches to the composite nanostructures; here, major attention has been paid to bimetallic nanoparticles. We also introduce some important physiochemical properties that are beneficial from composite nanomaterials. Finally, we highlight the catalytic applications of such composite nanoparticles and conclude with remarks on prospective future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
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Hara M, Nakajima K, Kamata K. Recent progress in the development of solid catalysts for biomass conversion into high value-added chemicals. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2015; 16:034903. [PMID: 27877800 PMCID: PMC5099837 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/16/3/034903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the substitution of non-renewable fossil resources by renewable biomass as a sustainable feedstock has been extensively investigated for the manufacture of high value-added products such as biofuels, commodity chemicals, and new bio-based materials such as bioplastics. Numerous solid catalyst systems for the effective conversion of biomass feedstocks into value-added chemicals and fuels have been developed. Solid catalysts are classified into four main groups with respect to their structures and substrate activation properties: (a) micro- and mesoporous materials, (b) metal oxides, (c) supported metal catalysts, and (d) sulfonated polymers. This review article focuses on the activation of substrates and/or reagents on the basis of groups (a)-(d), and the corresponding reaction mechanisms. In addition, recent progress in chemocatalytic processes for the production of five industrially important products (5-hydroxymethylfurfural, lactic acid, glyceraldehyde, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone, and furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid) as bio-based plastic monomers and their intermediates is comprehensively summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michikazu Hara
- Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakajima
- Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- JST, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Keigo Kamata
- Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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Wolfbeisser A, Klötzer B, Mayr L, Rameshan R, Zemlyanov D, Bernardi J, Föttinger K, Rupprechter G. Surface modification processes during methane decomposition on Cu-promoted Ni-ZrO 2 catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2015; 5:967-978. [PMID: 25815163 PMCID: PMC4348800 DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00988f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The surface chemistry of methane on Ni-ZrO2 and bimetallic CuNi-ZrO2 catalysts and the stability of the CuNi alloy under reaction conditions of methane decomposition were investigated by combining reactivity measurements and in situ synchrotron-based near-ambient pressure XPS. Cu was selected as an exemplary promoter for modifying the reactivity of Ni and enhancing the resistance against coke formation. We observed an activation process occurring in methane between 650 and 735 K with the exact temperature depending on the composition which resulted in an irreversible modification of the catalytic performance of the bimetallic catalysts towards a Ni-like behaviour. The sudden increase in catalytic activity could be explained by an increase in the concentration of reduced Ni atoms at the catalyst surface in the active state, likely as a consequence of the interaction with methane. Cu addition to Ni improved the desired resistance against carbon deposition by lowering the amount of coke formed. As a key conclusion, the CuNi alloy shows limited stability under relevant reaction conditions. This system is stable only in a limited range of temperature up to ~700 K in methane. Beyond this temperature, segregation of Ni species causes a fast increase in methane decomposition rate. In view of the applicability of this system, a detailed understanding of the stability and surface composition of the bimetallic phases present and the influence of the Cu promoter on the surface chemistry under relevant reaction conditions are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Wolfbeisser
- Institute of Materials Chemistry , Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9 , 1020 Wien , Austria . ; ; Tel: +43 1 165110
| | - Bernhard Klötzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Innsbruck , Innrain 52a , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Lukas Mayr
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Innsbruck , Innrain 52a , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Raffael Rameshan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Innsbruck , Innrain 52a , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Dmitry Zemlyanov
- Purdue University , Brick Nanotechnology Center , 1205 West State Street , West Lafayette , IN 47907-2057 , USA
| | - Johannes Bernardi
- University Service Center for Transmission Electron Microscopy , Vienna University of Technology , Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10 , 1040 Wien , Austria
| | - Karin Föttinger
- Institute of Materials Chemistry , Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9 , 1020 Wien , Austria . ; ; Tel: +43 1 165110
| | - Günther Rupprechter
- Institute of Materials Chemistry , Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9 , 1020 Wien , Austria . ; ; Tel: +43 1 165110
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