1
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Almquist CC, Rajeshkumar T, Jayaweera HDAC, Removski N, Zhou W, Gelfand BS, Maron L, Piers WE. Oxidation-induced ambiphilicity triggers N-N bond formation and dinitrogen release in octahedral terminal molybdenum(v) nitrido complexes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5152-5162. [PMID: 38577349 PMCID: PMC10988598 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00090k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Coupling of octahedral, terminal d1 molybdenum(v) nitrido complexes supported by a dianionic pentadentate ligand via N-N bond formation to give μ-dinitrogen complexes was found to be thermodynamically feasible but faces significant kinetic barriers. However, upon oxidation, a kinetically favored nucleophilic/electrophilic N-N bond forming mechanism was enabled to give monocationic μ-dinitrogen dimers. Computational and experimental evidence for this "oxidation-induced ambiphilic nitrido coupling" mechanism is presented. The factors influencing release of dinitrogen from the resulting μ-dinitrogen dimers were also probed and it was found that further oxidation to a dicationic species is required to induce (very rapid) loss of dinitrogen. The mechanistic path discovered for N-N bond formation and dinitrogen release follows an ECECC sequence (E = "electrochemical step"; C = "chemical step"). Experimental evidence for the intermediacy of a highly electrophilic, cationic d0 molybdenum(vi) nitrido in the N-N bond forming mechanism via trapping with an isonitrile reagent is also discussed. Together these results are relevant to the development of molecular catalysts capable of mediating ammonia oxidation to dihydrogen and dinitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Christopher Almquist
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | | | - H D A Chathumal Jayaweera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Nicole Removski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA UPS Toulouse France
| | - Warren E Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
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2
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Sahoo S, Harfmann B, Bhatia H, Singh H, Balijapelly S, Choudhury A, Stavropoulos P. A Comparative Study of Cationic Copper(I) Reagents Supported by Bipodal Tetramethylguanidinyl-Containing Ligands as Nitrene-Transfer Catalysts. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:15697-15708. [PMID: 38585072 PMCID: PMC10993379 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The bipodal compounds [(TMG2biphenN-R)CuI-NCMe](PF6) (R = Me, Ar (4-CF3Ph-)) and [(TMG2biphenN-Me)CuI-I] have been synthesized with ligands that feature a diarylmethyl- and triaryl-amine framework and superbasic tetramethylguanidinyl residues (TMG). The cationic Cu(I) sites mediate catalytic nitrene-transfer reactions between the imidoiodinane PhI = NTs (Ts = tosyl) and a panel of styrenes in MeCN, to afford aziridines, demonstrating comparable reactivity profiles. The copper reagents have been further explored to execute C-H amination reactions with a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and two distinct nitrene sources PhI = NTs and PhI = NTces (Tces = 2,2,2-trichloroethylsulfamate) in benzene/HFIP (10:2 v/v). Good yields have been obtained for sec-benzylic and tert-C-H bonds of various substrates, especially with the more electron-deficient catalyst [(TMG2biphenN-Ar)CuI-NCMe](PF6). In conjunction with earlier studies, the order of reactivity of these bipodal cationic reagents as a function of the metal employed is established as Cu > Fe > Co ≥ Mn. However, as opposed to the base-metal analogues, the bipodal Cu reagents are less reactive than a similar tripodal Cu catalyst. The observed fluorophilicity of the bipodal Cu compounds may provide a deactivation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj
Kumar Sahoo
- Department
of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science
and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Brent Harfmann
- Department
of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science
and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Himanshu Bhatia
- Department
of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science
and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Harish Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science
and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Srikanth Balijapelly
- Department
of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science
and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Amitava Choudhury
- Department
of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science
and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Pericles Stavropoulos
- Department
of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science
and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
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3
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Mahato S, VandeVen W, MacNeil GA, Pulfer JM, Storr T. Untangling ancillary ligand donation versus locus of oxidation effects on metal nitride reactivity. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2211-2220. [PMID: 38332824 PMCID: PMC10848731 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05403a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We detail the relative role of ancillary ligand electron-donating ability in comparison to the locus of oxidation (either metal or ligand) on the electrophilic reactivity of a series of oxidized Mn salen nitride complexes. The electron-donating ability of the ancillary salen ligand was tuned via the para-phenolate substituent (R = CF3, H, tBu, OiPr, NMe2, NEt2) in order to have minimal effect on the geometry at the metal center. Through a suite of experimental (electrochemistry, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy) and theoretical (density functional theory) techniques, we have demonstrated that metal-based oxidation to [MnVI(SalR)N]+ occurs for R = CF3, H, tBu, OiPr, while ligand radical formation to [MnV(SalR)N]+˙ occurs with the more electron-donating substituents R = NMe2, NEt2. We next investigated the reactivity of the electrophilic nitride with triarylphosphines to form a MnIV phosphoraneiminato adduct and determined that the rate of reaction decreases as the electron-donating ability of the salen para-phenolate substituent is increased. Using a Hammett plot, we find a break in the Hammett relation between R = OiPr and R = NMe2, without a change in mechanism, consistent with the locus of oxidation exhibiting a dominant effect on nitride reactivity, and not the overall donating ability of the ancillary salen ligand. This work differentiates between the subtle and interconnected effects of ancillary ligand electron-donating ability, and locus of oxidation, on electrophilic nitride reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samyadeb Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Warren VandeVen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Gregory A MacNeil
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Jason M Pulfer
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
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4
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Stark F, Hoffmann A, Ihle N, Loderer C, Ansorge-Schumacher MB. Extended Scope and Understanding of Zinc-Dependent Alcohol Dehydrogenases for Reduction of Cyclic α-Diketones. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300290. [PMID: 37167138 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) are important tools for generating chiral α-hydroxyketones. Previously, only the ADH of Thauera aromatica was known to convert cyclic α-diketones with appropriate preference. Here, we extend the spectrum of suitable enzymes by three alcohol dehydrogenases from Citrifermentans bemidjiense (CibADH), Deferrisoma camini (DecADH), and Thauera phenylacetica (ThpADH). Of these, DecADH is characterized by very high thermostability; CibADH and ThpADH convert α-halogenated cyclohexanones with increased activity. Otherwise, however, the substrate spectrum of all four ADHs is highly conserved. Structural considerations led to the conclusion that conversion of diketones requires not only the expansion of the active site into a large binding pocket, but also the circumferential modification of almost all amino acid residues that form the first shell of the binding pocket. The constellation appears to be overall highly specific for the relative positioning of the carbonyl functions and the size of the C-ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Stark
- Professur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aaron Hoffmann
- Professur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadine Ihle
- Professur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Loderer
- Professur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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5
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Cosio MN, Powers DC. Prospects and challenges for nitrogen-atom transfer catalysis. NATURE REVIEWS. CHEMISTRY 2023:10.1038/s41570-023-00482-1. [PMID: 37117815 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of C-H bonds to C-N bonds via C-H amination promises to streamline the synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds. Nitrogen-group transfer (NGT) from metal nitrenes ([M]-NR complexes) has been the focus of intense research and development. By contrast, potentially complementary nitrogen-atom transfer (NAT) chemistry, in which a terminal metal nitride (an [M]-N complex) engages with a C-H bond, is underdeveloped. Although the earliest examples of stoichiometric NAT chemistry were reported 25 years ago, catalytic protocols are only now beginning to emerge. Here, we summarize the current state of the art in NAT chemistry and discuss opportunities and challenges for its development. We highlight the synthetic complementarity of NGT and NAT and discuss critical aspects of nitride electronic structure that dictate the philicity of the metal-supported nitrogen atom. We also examine the characteristic reactivity of metal nitrides and present emerging strategies and remaining obstacles to harnessing NAT for selective, catalytic nitrogenation of unfunctionalized organic small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario N Cosio
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - David C Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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6
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Pain T, Mondal S, Jena S, Dutta Gupta D, Biswal HS, Kar S. Synthesis, Characterization, and the N Atom Transfer Reactivity of a Nitridochromium(V) Complex Stabilized by a Corrolato Ligand. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:28138-28147. [PMID: 35990448 PMCID: PMC9386825 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal complexes bearing nitrido ligands (M≡N) are at the forefront of current scientific research due to their resemblances with the metal complexes involved in the nitrogen fixation reactions. An oxo(corrolato)chromium(V) complex was used as a precursor complex for the facile synthesis of a new nitrido(corrolato)chromium(V) complex. The nitrido(corrolato)chromium(V) complex was characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed on the nitrido(corrolato)chromium(V) complex to assign the vibrational and electronic transitions of this complex. The chromium-nitrogen (nitrido) bond distance obtained in the DFT-optimized structure is 1.530 Å and matches well with the earlier reported authentic Cr≡N bond distances obtained from the single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. This nitrido(corrolato)chromium(V) compound exhibited a sharp Soret band at 438 nm and a Q band at 608 nm. DFT calculations deliver that the origin of the bands at 438 and 608 nm is due to the intraligand charge transfer transitions. The nitrido(corrolato)chromium(V) complex showed one reversible oxidation and one reversible reduction couple at +0.53 and -0.06 V, respectively, vs the Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The simulation of the electron paramagnetic resonance data of the nitrido(corrolato)chromium(V) compound provided the following parameters: g iso = 1.987, A 53Cr = 26 G, and A 14N = 2.71 G. From all these analyses, we can conclude that the electronic configuration in the native state of nitrido(corrolato)chromium(V) can be best described as [(cor3-)CrV(N3-)]-. Reactions of nitrido(corrolato)chromium(V) with the chloro(porphyrinato)chromium(III) complex resulted in a complete intermetal N atom transfer reaction between chromium corrole and chromium porphyrin complexes. A second-order rate constant of 4.29 ± 0.10 M-1 s-1 was obtained for this reaction. It was also proposed that this reaction proceeds via a bimetallic μ-nitrido intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Pain
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Training School
Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sruti Mondal
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Training School
Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Subhrakant Jena
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Training School
Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Dwaipayan Dutta Gupta
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Training School
Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Himansu S. Biswal
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Training School
Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sanjib Kar
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Training School
Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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7
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Cook BJ, Barona M, Johnson SI, Raugei S, Bullock RM. Weakening the N-H Bonds of NH 3 Ligands: Triple Hydrogen-Atom Abstraction to Form a Chromium(V) Nitride. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11165-11172. [PMID: 35829761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Weakening and cleaving N-H bonds is crucial for improving molecular ammonia (NH3) oxidation catalysts. We report the synthesis and H-atom-abstraction reaction of bis(ammonia)chromium porphyrin complexes Cr(TPP)(NH3)2 and Cr(TMP)(NH3)2 (TPP = 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-meso-porphyrin and TMP = 5,10,15,20-tetramesityl-meso-porphyrin) using bulky aryloxyl radicals. The triple H-atom-abstraction reaction results in the formation of CrV(por)(≡N), with the nitride derived from NH3, as indicated by UV-vis and IR and single-crystal structural determination of Cr(TPP)(≡N). Subsequent oxidation of this chromium(V) nitrido complex results in the formation of CrIII(por), with scission of the Cr≡N bond. Computational analysis illustrates the progression from CrII to CrV and evaluates the energetics of abstracting H atoms from CrII-NH3 to generate CrV≡N. The formation and isolation of CrV(por)(≡N) illustrates the stability of these species and the need to chemically activate the nitride ligand for atom transfer or N-N coupling reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Cook
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Melissa Barona
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Samantha I Johnson
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Simone Raugei
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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8
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Martelino D, Mahato S, VandeVen W, Hein NM, Clarke RM, MacNeil GA, Thomas F, Storr T. Chromium Nitride Umpolung Tuned by the Locus of Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11594-11607. [PMID: 35749669 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of a series of CrV nitride salen complexes (CrVNSalR) with different para-phenolate substituents (R = CF3, tBu, NMe2) was investigated to determine how the locus of oxidation (either metal or ligand) dictates reactivity at the nitride. Para-phenolate substituents were chosen to provide maximum variation in the electron-donating ability of the tetradentate ligand at a site remote from the metal coordination sphere. We show that one-electron oxidation affords CrVI nitrides ([CrVINSalR]+; R = CF3, tBu) and a localized CrV nitride phenoxyl radical for the more electron-donating NMe2 substituent ([CrVNSalNMe2]•+). The facile nitride homocoupling observed for the MnVI analogues was significantly attenuated for the CrVI complexes due to a smaller increase in nitride character in the M≡N π* orbitals for Cr relative to Mn. Upon oxidation, both the calculated nitride natural population analysis (NPA) charge and energy of molecular orbitals associated with the {Cr≡N} unit change to a lesser extent for the CrV ligand radical derivative ([CrVNSalNMe2]•+) in comparison to the CrVI derivatives ([CrVINSalR]+; R = CF3, tBu). As a result, [CrVNSalNMe2]•+ reacts with B(C6F5)3, thus exhibiting similar nucleophilic reactivity to the neutral CrV nitride derivatives. In contrast, the CrVI derivatives ([CrVINSalR]+; R = CF3, tBu) act as electrophiles, displaying facile reactivity with PPh3 and no reaction with B(C6F5)3. Thus, while oxidation to the ligand radical does not change the reactivity profile, metal-based oxidation to CrVI results in umpolung, a switch from nucleophilic to electrophilic reactivity at the terminal nitride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Martelino
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Samyadeb Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Warren VandeVen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Nicholas M Hein
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Ryan M Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Gregory A MacNeil
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Fabrice Thomas
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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9
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Li JR, Xu LP, Jiang HM, Wang FQ, Xie J, Man WL, Wang Q, Zhuo S, Lau TC. Oxidation of Hypophosphorous Acid by a Ruthenium(VI) Nitrido Complex in Aqueous Acidic Solution. Evidence for a Proton-Coupled N-Atom Transfer Mechanism. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10567-10574. [PMID: 35748889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2) by a ruthenium(VI) nitrido complex, [(L)RuVI(N)(OH2)]+ (RuVIN; L = N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-o-cyclohexyldiamine dianion), has been studied in aqueous acidic solutions at pH 0-2.50. The reaction has the following stoichiometry: 2[(L)RuVI(N)(OH2)]+ + 3H3PO2 + H2O → 2[(L)RuIII(NH2P(OH)2)(OH2)]+ + H3PO3. The pseudo-first-order rate constant, kobs, depends linearly on [H3PO2], and the second-order rate constant k2 depends on [H+] according to the relationship k2 = k[H+]/([H+] + Ka), where k is the rate constant for the oxidation of H3PO2 molecule and Ka is the dissociation constant of H3PO2. At 298.0 K and I = 1.0 M, k = (2.04 ± 0.19) × 10-2 M-1 s-1 and Ka = (6.38 ± 0.63) × 10-2 M. A kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of 2.9 ± 0.1 was obtained when kinetic studies were carried out with D3PO2 at pH 1.16, suggesting P-H bond cleavage in the rate-determining step. On the other hand, when the kinetics were determined in D2O, an inverse KIE of 0.21 ± 0.03 (H3PO2 in H2O vs H3PO2 in D2O) was found. On the basis of experimental results and DFT calculations, the proposed mechanism involves an acid-catalyzed tautomerization of H2P(O)(OH) to HP(OH)2; the latter molecule is the reacting species which reacts with RuVIN via a proton-coupled N-atom transfer pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Rui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Mei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Qin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai-Lun Man
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuping Zhuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tai-Chu Lau
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
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10
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Sun H, Shang H, Cui B. (Salen)Mn(III)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Haloamination of Alkenes through Chiral Aziridinium Ion Ring-Opening Sequence. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijian Shang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Cui
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Shi H, Liang R, Phillips DL, Lee HK, Man WL, Lau KC, Yiu SM, Lau TC. Structure and Reactivity of One- and Two-Electron Oxidized Manganese(V) Nitrido Complexes Bearing a Bulky Corrole Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7588-7593. [PMID: 35442033 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As a strategy to design stable but highly reactive metal nitrido species, we have synthesized a manganese(V) nitrido complex bearing a bulky corrole ligand, [MnV(N)(TTPPC)]- (1, TTPPC is the trianion of 5,10,15-Tris(2,4,6-triphenylphenyl)corrole). Complex 1 is readily oxidized by 1 equiv of Cp2Fe+ to give the neutral complex 2, which can be further oxidized by 1 equiv of [(p-Br-C6H4)3N•+][B(C6F5)4] to afford the cationic complex 3. All three complexes are stable in the solid state and in CH2Cl2 solution, and their molecular structures have been determined by X-ray crystallography. Spectroscopic and theoretical studies indicate that complexes 2 and 3 are best formulated as Mn(V) nitrido π-cation corrole [MnV(N)(TTPPC+•)] and Mn(V) nitrido π-dication corrole [MnV(N)(TTPPC2+)]+, respectively. Complex 3 is the most reactive N atom transfer reagent among isolated nitrido complexes; it reacts with PPh3 and styrene with second-order rate constants of 2.12 × 105 and 1.95 × 10-2 M-1 s-1, respectively, which are >107 faster than that of 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huatian Shi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Runhui Liang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong999077, People's Republic of China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Hung Kay Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Central Avenue, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai-Lun Man
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Chung Lau
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Tai-Chu Lau
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong999077, People's Republic of China
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12
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Hsueh FC, Barluzzi L, Keener M, Rajeshkumar T, Maron L, Scopelliti R, Mazzanti M. Reactivity of Multimetallic Thorium Nitrides Generated by Reduction of Thorium Azides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3222-3232. [PMID: 35138846 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thorium nitrides are likely intermediates in the reported cleavage and functionalization of dinitrogen by molecular thorium complexes and are attractive compounds for the study of multiple bond formation in f-element chemistry, but only one example of thorium nitride isolable from solution was reported. Here, we show that stable multimetallic azide/nitride thorium complexes can be generated by reduction of thorium azide precursors─a route that has failed so far to produce Th nitrides. Once isolated, the thorium azide/nitride clusters, M3Th═N═Th (M = K or Cs), are stable in solutions probably due to the presence of alkali ions capping the nitride, but their synthesis requires a careful control of the reaction conditions (solvent, temperature, nature of precursor, and alkali ion). The nature of the cation plays an important role in generating a nitride product and results in large structural differences with a bent Th═N═Th moiety found in the K-bound nitride as a result of a strong K-nitride interaction and a linear arrangement in the Cs-bound nitride. Reactivity studies demonstrated the ability of Th nitrides to cleave CO in ambient conditions yielding CN-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Che Hsueh
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Barluzzi
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Megan Keener
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Léonard NG, Chantarojsiri T, Ziller JW, Yang JY. Cationic Effects on the Net Hydrogen Atom Bond Dissociation Free Energy of High-Valent Manganese Imido Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1503-1508. [PMID: 35041788 PMCID: PMC9118977 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Local electric fields can alter energy landscapes to impart enhanced reactivity in enzymes and at surfaces. Similar fields can be generated in molecular systems using charged functionalities. Manganese(V) salen nitrido complexes (salen = N,N'-ethylenebis(salicylideneaminato)) appended with a crown ether unit containing Na+ (1-Na), K+, (1-K), Ba2+ (1-Ba), Sr2+ (1-Sr), La3+ (1-La), or Eu3+ (1-Eu) cation were investigated to determine the effect of charge on pKa, E1/2, and the net bond dissociation free energy (BDFE) of N-H bonds. The series, which includes the manganese(V) salen nitrido without an appended crown, spans 4 units of charge. Bounds for the pKa values of the transient imido complexes were used with the Mn(VI/V) reduction potentials to calculate the N-H BDFEs of the imidos in acetonitrile. Despite a span of >700 mV and >9 pKa units across the series, the hydrogen atom BDFE only spans ∼6 kcal/mol (between 73 and 79 kcal/mol). These results suggest that the incorporation of cationic functionalities is an effective strategy for accessing wide ranges of reduction potentials and pKa values while minimally affecting the BDFE, which is essential to modulating electron, proton, or hydrogen atom transfer pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia G Léonard
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Teera Chantarojsiri
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jenny Y Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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14
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Schmidt‐Räntsch T, Verplancke H, Lienert JN, Demeshko S, Otte M, Van Trieste GP, Reid KA, Reibenspies JH, Powers DC, Holthausen MC, Schneider S. Nitrogen Atom Transfer Catalysis by Metallonitrene C−H Insertion: Photocatalytic Amidation of Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Till Schmidt‐Räntsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Hendrik Verplancke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Goethe-Universität Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jonas N. Lienert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Goethe-Universität Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Matthias Otte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | | | - Kaleb A. Reid
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | | | - David C. Powers
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Max C. Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Goethe-Universität Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Sven Schneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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15
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Pan Y, Cheng L, Yi PAN, Man WL, Yiu SM, Xie J, LAU KC, Lau TC. Facile C-N Bond Cleavage of Primary Aliphatic Amines by (Salen)ruthenium(VI) Nitrido Complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5404-5408. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00600f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the first example of oxidative cleavage of the strong C-N bonds of primary amines by a ruthenium(VI) nitrido complex. The driving force for this very fast C-N cleavage...
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16
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Schmidt-Räntsch T, Verplancke H, Lienert JN, Demeschko S, Otte M, Van Trieste GP, Reid KA, Reibenspies JH, Powers DC, Holthausen MC, Schneider S. Nitrogen Atom Transfer Catalysis by Metallonitrene C-H Insertion: Photocatalytic Amidation of Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115626. [PMID: 34905281 PMCID: PMC9305406 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
C−H amination and amidation by catalytic nitrene transfer are well‐established and typically proceed via electrophilic attack of nitrenoid intermediates. In contrast, the insertion of (formal) terminal nitride ligands into C−H bonds is much less developed and catalytic nitrogen atom transfer remains unknown. We here report the synthesis of a formal terminal nitride complex of palladium. Photocrystallographic, magnetic, and computational characterization support the assignment as an authentic metallonitrene (Pd−N) with a diradical nitrogen ligand that is singly bonded to PdII. Despite the subvalent nitrene character, selective C−H insertion with aldehydes follows nucleophilic selectivity. Transamidation of the benzamide product is enabled by reaction with N3SiMe3. Based on these results, a photocatalytic protocol for aldehyde C−H trimethylsilylamidation was developed that exhibits inverted, nucleophilic selectivity as compared to typical nitrene transfer catalysis. This first example of catalytic C−H nitrogen atom transfer offers facile access to primary amides after deprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Schmidt-Räntsch
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Hendrik Verplancke
- Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Jonas N Lienert
- Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Serhiy Demeschko
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Matthias Otte
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, GERMANY
| | | | - Kaleb A Reid
- Texas A&M University, Department of Chemistry, UNITED STATES
| | | | - David C Powers
- Texas A&M University, Department of Chemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Max C Holthausen
- Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Sven Schneider
- University of Goettingen, Institute for inorganic Chemistry, Tammannstr. 4, 37077, Göttingen, GERMANY
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17
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Thadathil DA, Varghese A, Radhakrishnan KV. The Renaissance of Electro‐Organic Synthesis for the Difunctionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes: A Sustainable Approach. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ditto Abraham Thadathil
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Anitha Varghese
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Kokkuvayil Vasu Radhakrishnan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
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18
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Hong D, Liu Y, Wu L, Lo VK, Toy PH, Law S, Huang J, Che C. Ru
V
‐Acylimido Intermediate in [Ru
IV
(Por)Cl
2
]‐Catalyzed C–N Bond Formation: Spectroscopic Characterization, Reactivity, and Catalytic Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan‐Yan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Vanessa Kar‐Yan Lo
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Patrick H. Toy
- Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Siu‐Man Law
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Jie‐Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Chi‐Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation Shenzhen 518053 China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited Units 1503–1511, 15/F., Building 17W, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, New Territories Hong Kong SAR China
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19
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Kalra A, Bagchi V, Paraskevopoulou P, Das P, Ai L, Sanakis Y, Raptopoulos G, Mohapatra S, Choudhury A, Sun Z, Cundari TR, Stavropoulos P. Is the Electrophilicity of the Metal Nitrene the Sole Predictor of Metal-Mediated Nitrene Transfer to Olefins? Secondary Contributing Factors as Revealed by a Library of High-Spin Co(II) Reagents. Organometallics 2021; 40:1974-1996. [PMID: 35095166 PMCID: PMC8797515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted the key role played by the electron affinity of the active metal-nitrene/imido oxidant as the driving force in nitrene additions to olefins to afford valuable aziridines. The present work showcases a library of Co(II) reagents that, unlike the previously examined Mn(II) and Fe(II) analogues, demonstrate reactivity trends in olefin aziridinations that cannot be solely explained by the electron affinity criterion. A family of Co(II) catalysts (17 members) has been synthesized with the assistance of a trisphenylamido-amine scaffold decorated by various alkyl, aryl, and acyl groups attached to the equatorial amidos. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, cyclic voltammetry and EPR data reveal that the high-spin Co(II) sites (S = 3/2) feature a minimal [N3N] coordination and span a range of 1.4 V in redox potentials. Surprisingly, the Co(II)-mediated aziridination of styrene demonstrates reactivity patterns that deviate from those anticipated by the relevant electrophilicities of the putative metal nitrenes. The representative L4Co catalyst (-COCMe3 arm) is operating faster than the L8Co analogue (-COCF3 arm), in spite of diminished metal-nitrene electrophilicity. Mechanistic data (Hammett plots, KIE, stereocontrol studies) reveal that although both reagents follow a two-step reactivity path (turnover-limiting metal-nitrene addition to the C b atom of styrene, followed by product-determining ring-closure), the L4Co catalyst is associated with lower energy barriers in both steps. DFT calculations indicate that the putative [L4Co]NTs and [L8Co]NTs species are electronically distinct, inasmuch as the former exhibits a single-electron oxidized ligand arm. In addition, DFT calculations suggest that including London dispersion corrections for L4Co (due to the polarizability of the tert-Bu substituent) can provide significant stabilization of the turnover-limiting transition state. This study highlights how small ligand modifications can generate stereoelectronic variants that in certain cases are even capable of overriding the preponderance of the metal-nitrene electrophilicity as a driving force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Kalra
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Vivek Bagchi
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States; Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Patrina Paraskevopoulou
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Purak Das
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Lin Ai
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiannis Sanakis
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Physicochemical Processes, Nanotechnology and Microsystems, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Grigorios Raptopoulos
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Sudip Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Amitava Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Zhicheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Thomas R Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Pericles Stavropoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
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20
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Hong DY, Liu Y, Wu L, Lo VKY, Toy PH, Law SM, Huang JS, Che CM. Ru V -Acylimido Intermediate in [Ru IV (Por)Cl 2 ]-Catalyzed C-N Bond Formation: Spectroscopic Characterization, Reactivity, and Catalytic Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18619-18629. [PMID: 33847064 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed C-N bond formation reactions via acylnitrene transfer have recently attracted much attention, but direct detection of the proposed acylnitrenoid/acylimido M(NCOR) (R=aryl or alkyl) species in these reactions poses a formidable challenge. Herein, we report on Ru(NCOR) intermediates in C-N bond formation catalyzed by [RuIV (Por)Cl2 ]/N3 COR, a catalytic method applicable to aziridine/oxazoline formation from alkenes, amination of substituted indoles, α-amino ketone formation from silyl enol ethers, amination of C(sp3 )-H bonds, and functionalization of natural products and carbohydrate derivatives (up to 99 % yield). Experimental studies, including HR-ESI-MS and EPR measurements, coupled with DFT calculations, lend evidence for the formulation of the Ru(NCOR) acylnitrenoids as a RuV -imido species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vanessa Kar-Yan Lo
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick H Toy
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu-Man Law
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, 518053, China.,Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F., Building 17W, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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21
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22
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Berger G, Wach A, Sá J, Szlachetko J. Reduction Mechanisms of Anticancer Osmium(VI) Complexes Revealed by Atomic Telemetry and Theoretical Calculations. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6663-6671. [PMID: 33871984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy (RXES) has developed in the past decade as a powerful tool to probe the chemical state of a metal center and in situ study chemical reactions. We have used it to monitor spectral changes associated with the reduction of osmium(VI) nitrido complexes to the osmium(III) ammine state by the biologically relevant reducing agent, glutathione. RXES difference maps are consistent with the proposed DFT mechanism and the formation of two stable osmium(IV) intermediates, thereby supporting the overall pathway for the reduction of these high-valent anticancer metal complexes for which reduction by thiols within cells may be essential to the antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Berger
- Microbiology, Bioorganic & Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anna Wach
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31342 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacinto Sá
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.,Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jakub Szlachetko
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31342 Krakow, Poland
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23
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Wang H, Wu L, Zheng B, Du L, To W, Ko C, Phillips DL, Che C. C−H Activation by an Iron‐Nitrido Bis‐Pocket Porphyrin Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Bin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Lili Du
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Wai‐Pong To
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Cheng‐Hoi Ko
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Chi‐Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation Shenzhen China
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24
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Wang HX, Wu L, Zheng B, Du L, To WP, Ko CH, Phillips DL, Che CM. C-H Activation by an Iron-Nitrido Bis-Pocket Porphyrin Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4796-4803. [PMID: 33205509 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High-valent iron-nitrido species are nitrogen analogues of iron-oxo species which are versatile reagents for C-H oxidation. Nonetheless, C-H activation by iron-nitrido species has been scarcely explored, as this is often hampered by their instability and short lifetime in solutions. Herein, the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactivity of an Fe porphyrin nitrido species (2 c) toward C-H substrates was studied in solutions at room temperature, which was achieved by nanosecond laser flash photolysis (LFP) of its FeIII -azido precursor (1 c) supported by a bulky bis-pocket porphyrin ligand. C-H bonds with bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) of up to ≈84 kcal mol-1 could be activated, and the second-order rate constants (k2 ) are on the order of 102 -104 s-1 m-1 . The Fe-amido product formed after HAT could further release ammonia upon protonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lili Du
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-Pong To
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng-Hoi Ko
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation, Shenzhen, China
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25
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Wolgemuth DK, Elmore SD, Cope JD, Sheridan PE, Stokes SL, Emerson JP. Manganese-catalyzed aziridination of olefins with chloramine-T in water and buffered aqueous solutions. CATAL COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2020.106275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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26
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Khatua H, Das SK, Roy S, Chattopadhyay B. Dual Reactivity of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrazole: Manganese‐Catalyzed Click Reaction and Denitrogenative Annulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:304-312. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hillol Khatua
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Sandip Kumar Das
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Satyajit Roy
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
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27
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Khatua H, Das SK, Roy S, Chattopadhyay B. Dual Reactivity of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrazole: Manganese‐Catalyzed Click Reaction and Denitrogenative Annulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hillol Khatua
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Sandip Kumar Das
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Satyajit Roy
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
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28
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Pandit NR, Bej S, Mondal A, Ghosh M, Kostakis GE, Powell AK, Banerjee P, Biswas B. Exploratory studies on azido-bridged complexes (Ni 2+ and Mn 2+) as dual colourimetric chemosensors for S 2- and Ag +: combined experimental and theoretical outcomes with real field applications. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13090-13099. [PMID: 32929443 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02846k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report two isostructural dinuclear transition metal complexes [M2(HL)2(N3)4], where M = Ni2+ (BS-1), Mn2+ (BS-2), and HL is (2-methyl-2-((pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)propan-1-ol) and investigate them as molecular sensors towards hazardous entities. BS-1 shows high selectivity towards the S2- and Ag+ ions, easily observed by the naked eye colour change and its detection limit in aqueous solutions for the S2- ion was calculated as 0.55 μM with a binding constant of 3.28 × 105 M-1, while the limit for the Ag+ ion is 21.8 μM. Notably, BS-2 shows good selectivity towards the Ag+ ion with a detection limit of 10.84 μM. Spectroscopic and DFT studies shed light on the mechanistic course of interaction between the host and guest entities, suggesting a sulphide-mediated reduction of the azide mechanism. In a nutshell, these simple transition metal complexes were exploited for discriminately detecting hazardous analytes with real field applications in analytical science (via. "Dip-Stick" approach) as well as engineering science, which provides a significant contribution in the recent advancement of supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithun Ranjan Pandit
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata 700073, India.
| | - Sourav Bej
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, India. and Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad - 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ananya Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata 700073, India. and Vidyasagar College for Women, 39 Sankar Ghosh Lane, Kolkata, 6, West Bengal, India
| | - Meenakshi Ghosh
- Vidyasagar College for Women, 39 Sankar Ghosh Lane, Kolkata, 6, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Annie K Powell
- InstitutfürAnorganischeChemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Priyabrata Banerjee
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, India. and Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad - 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Biplab Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata 700073, India.
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30
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Yu D, Shing KP, Liu Y, Liu H, Che CM. Ruthenium porphyrin catalysed intermolecular amino-oxyarylation of alkenes to give primary amines via a ruthenium nitrido intermediate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 56:137-140. [PMID: 31799545 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08043k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium porphyrin catalysed direct intermolecular amino-oxyarylation of alkenes including styrenes and 1,3-dienes to give primary amines with O-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydroxylamine as the amine source was achieved in moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions. Spectroscopic analyses revealed that a ruthenium nitrido complex was the key reaction intermediate for the amino-oxyarylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
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31
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Ishizuka T, Kogawa T, Makino M, Shiota Y, Ohara K, Kotani H, Nozawa S, Adachi SI, Yamaguchi K, Yoshizawa K, Kojima T. Formation of a Ruthenium(V)-Imido Complex and the Reactivity in Substrate Oxidation in Water through the Nitrogen Non-Rebound Mechanism. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12815-12824. [PMID: 31553593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A RuII-NH3 complex, 2, was oxidized through a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism with a CeIV complex in water at pH 2.5 to generate a RuV═NH complex, 5. Complex 5 was characterized with various spectroscopies, and the spin state was determined by the Evans method to be S = 1/2. The reactivity of 5 in substrate C-H oxidation was scrutinized in acidic water, using water-soluble organic substrates such as sodium ethylbenzene-sulfonate (EBS), which gave the corresponding 1-phenylethanol derivative as the product. In the substrate oxidation, complex 5 was converted to the corresponding RuIII-NH3 complex, 3. The formation of 1-phenylethanol derivative from EBS and that of 3 indicate that complex 5 as the oxidant does not perform nitrogen-atom transfer, in sharp contrast to other high-valent metal-imido complexes reported so far. Oxidation of cyclobutanol by 5 afforded only cyclobutanone as the product, indicating that the substrate oxidation by 5 proceeds through a hydride-transfer mechanism. In the kinetic analysis on the C-H oxidation, we observed kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) on the C-H oxidation with use of deuterated substrates and remarkably large solvent KIE (sKIE) in D2O. These positive KIEs indicate that the rate-determining step involves not only cleavage of the C-H bond of the substrate but also proton transfer from water molecules to 5. The unique hydride-transfer mechanism in the substrate oxidation by 5 is probably derived from the fact that the RuIV-NH2 complex (4) formed from 5 by 1e-/1H+ reduction is unstable and quickly disproportionates into 3 and 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennoudai , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8571 , Japan
| | - Taichi Kogawa
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennoudai , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8571 , Japan
| | - Misaki Makino
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennoudai , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8571 , Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering , Kyushu University , Motooka, Nishi-Ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus , Tokushima Bunri University , 1314-1 Shido , Sanuki , Kagawa 769-2193 , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kotani
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennoudai , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8571 , Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nozawa
- Photon Factory , Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , 1-1 Oho , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0801 , Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Adachi
- Photon Factory , Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , 1-1 Oho , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0801 , Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus , Tokushima Bunri University , 1314-1 Shido , Sanuki , Kagawa 769-2193 , Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering , Kyushu University , Motooka, Nishi-Ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennoudai , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8571 , Japan
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32
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Shi H, Xie J, Lam WWY, Man WL, Mak CK, Yiu SM, Lee HK, Lau TC. Generation and Reactivity of a One-Electron-Oxidized Manganese(V) Imido Complex with a Tetraamido Macrocyclic Ligand. Chemistry 2019; 25:12895-12899. [PMID: 31325369 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and X-ray structure of a new manganese(V) mesitylimido complex with a tetraamido macrocyclic ligand (TAML), [MnV (TAML)(N-Mes)]- (1), are reported. Compound 1 is oxidized by [(p-BrC6 H4 )3 N]+. [SbCl6 ]- and the resulting MnVI species readily undergoes H-atom transfer and nitrene transfer reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huatian Shi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - William W Y Lam
- Department of Food and Health Sciences, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Tsing Yi Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Wai-Lun Man
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Keung Mak
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Hung Kay Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Tai-Chu Lau
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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33
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Wang D, Loose F, Chirik PJ, Knowles RR. N-H Bond Formation in a Manganese(V) Nitride Yields Ammonia by Light-Driven Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4795-4799. [PMID: 30803234 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A method for the reduction of a manganese nitride to ammonia is reported, where light-driven proton-coupled electron transfer enables the formation of weak N-H bonds. Photoreduction of (saltBu)MnVN to ammonia and a Mn(II) complex has been accomplished using 9,10-dihydroacridine and a combination of an appropriately matched photoredox catalyst and weak Brønsted acid. Acid-reductant pairs with effective bond dissociation free energies between 35 and 46 kcal/mol exhibited high efficiencies. This light-driven method may provide a blueprint for new approaches to catalytic homogeneous ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Florian Loose
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Robert R Knowles
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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34
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Hunt C, Peterson M, Anderson C, Chang T, Wu G, Scheiner S, Ménard G. Switchable Aromaticity in an Isostructural Mn Phthalocyanine Series Isolated in Five Separate Redox States. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2604-2613. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camden Hunt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Madeline Peterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Cassidy Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Tieyan Chang
- ChemMatCARS, University of Chicago, Argonne, Illinois 60493, United States
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Gabriel Ménard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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35
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Cook BJ, Johnson SI, Chambers GM, Kaminsky W, Bullock RM. Triple hydrogen atom abstraction from Mn–NH3 complexes results in cyclophosphazenium cations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14058-14061. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06915a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
All three H atoms of the NH3 ligand of [Mn(depe)2(CO)(NH3)]+ are abstracted by an organic radical, giving a rare cyclophosphazenium cation; computations suggest that insertion of NHx into a Mn–P bond provides a strong thermodynamic driving force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Cook
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999
- Richland
- USA
| | - Samantha I. Johnson
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999
- Richland
- USA
| | - Geoffrey M. Chambers
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999
- Richland
- USA
| | | | - R. Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999
- Richland
- USA
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36
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Chantarojsiri T, Reath AH, Yang JY. Cationic Charges Leading to an Inverse Free‐Energy Relationship for N−N Bond Formation by Mn
VI
Nitrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14037-14042. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teera Chantarojsiri
- Department of Chemistry University of California Irvine CA USA
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Jenny Y. Yang
- Department of Chemistry University of California Irvine CA USA
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37
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Chantarojsiri T, Reath AH, Yang JY. Cationic Charges Leading to an Inverse Free‐Energy Relationship for N−N Bond Formation by Mn
VI
Nitrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teera Chantarojsiri
- Department of Chemistry University of California Irvine CA USA
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Jenny Y. Yang
- Department of Chemistry University of California Irvine CA USA
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38
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Bagchi V, Kalra A, Das P, Paraskevopoulou P, Gorla S, Ai L, Wang Q, Mohapatra S, Choudhury A, Sun Z, Cundari TR, Stavropoulos P. Comparative Nitrene-Transfer Chemistry to Olefinic Substrates Mediated by a Library of Anionic Mn(II) Triphenylamido-Amine Reagents and M(II) Congeners (M = Fe, Co, Ni) Favoring Aromatic over Aliphatic Alkenes. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Bagchi
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Anshika Kalra
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Purak Das
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Patrina Paraskevopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Saidulu Gorla
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Lin Ai
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuwen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Sudip Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Amitava Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Zhicheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Pericles Stavropoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
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39
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Wang Q, Man WL, Lam WWY, Yiu SM, Tse MK, Lau TC. Reduction of Ru VI≡N to Ru III-NH 3 by Cysteine in Aqueous Solution. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5850-5858. [PMID: 29708333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of metal nitride to ammonia is a key step in biological and chemical nitrogen fixation. We report herein the facile reduction of a ruthenium(VI) nitrido complex [(L)RuVI(N)(OH2)]+ (1, L = N, N'-bis(salicylidene)- o-cyclohexyldiamine dianion) to [(L)RuIII(NH3)(OH2)]+ by l-cysteine (Cys), an ubiquitous biological reductant, in aqueous solution. At pH 1.0-5.3, the reaction has the following stoichiometry: [(L)RuVI(N)(OH2)]+ + 3HSCH2CH(NH3)CO2 → [(L)RuIII(NH3)(OH2)]+ + 1.5(SCH2CH(NH3)CO2)2. Kinetic studies show that at pH 1 the reaction consists of two phases, while at pH 5 there are three distinct phases. For all phases the rate law is rate = k2[1][Cys]. Studies on the effects of acidity indicate that both HSCH2CH(NH3+)CO2- and -SCH2CH(NH3+)CO2- are kinetically active species. At pH 1, the reaction is proposed to go through [(L)RuIV(NHSCH2CHNH3CO2H)(OH2)]2+ (2a), [(L)RuIII(NH2SCH2CHNH3CO2H)(OH2)]2+ (3), and [(L)RuIV(NH2)(OH2)]+ (4) intermediates. On the other hand, at pH around 5, the proposed intermediates are [(L)RuIV(NHSCH2CHNH3CO2)(OH2)]+ (2b) and [(L)RuIV(NH2)(OH2)]+ (4). The intermediate ruthenium(IV) sulfilamido species, [(L)RuIV(NHSCH2CHNH3CO2H)(OH2)]2+ (2a) and the final ruthenium(III) ammine species, [(L)RuIII(NH3)(MeOH)]+ (5) (where H2O was replaced by MeOH) have been isolated and characterized by various spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University of Technology , Zibo 255049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wai-Lun Man
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong
| | - William W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong.,Department of Food and Health Sciences , Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong , Tsing Yi Road , New Territories , Hong Kong
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong
| | - Man-Kit Tse
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong
| | - Tai-Chu Lau
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong
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40
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Chiu WH, Cheung WM, Chong MC, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Leung WH. Tetranuclear Ruthenium Cyclopentadienyl and Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Complexes Containing Bridging Nitrido Ligands. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Hang Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wai-Man Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man-Chun Chong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Herman H.-Y. Sung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ian D. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wa-Hung Leung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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41
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Krewald V, González L. A Valence-Delocalised Osmium Dimer capable of Dinitrogen Photocleavage: Ab Initio Insights into Its Electronic Structure. Chemistry 2018; 24:5112-5123. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Krewald
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Vienna; Währingerstr. 17 1090 Vienna Austria
- Department of Chemistry; University of Bath; Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Leticia González
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Vienna; Währingerstr. 17 1090 Vienna Austria
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42
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Huang JQ, Nairoukh Z, Marek I. Electrophilic Oxidation of Stereodefined Polysubstituted Silyl Ketone Aminals. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qiang Huang
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Schulich Faculty of Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Technion City 32000 Haifa Israel
| | - Zackaria Nairoukh
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Schulich Faculty of Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Technion City 32000 Haifa Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Schulich Faculty of Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Technion City 32000 Haifa Israel
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43
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44
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Maity AK, Murillo J, Metta-Magaña AJ, Pinter B, Fortier S. A Terminal Iron(IV) Nitride Supported by a Super Bulky Guanidinate Ligand and Examination of Its Electronic Structure and Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15691-15700. [PMID: 28953380 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing the bulky guanidinate ligand [LAr*]- (LAr* = (Ar*N)2C(R), Ar* = 2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-tert-butylphenyl, R = NCtBu2) for kinetic stabilization, the synthesis of a rare terminal Fe(IV) nitride complex is reported. UV irradiation of a pyridine solution of the Fe(II) azide [LAr*]FeN3(py) (3-py) at 0 °C cleanly generates the Fe(IV) nitride [LAr*]FeN(py) (1). The 15N NMR spectrum of the 115N (50% Fe≡15N) isotopomer shows a resonance at 1016 ppm (vs externally referenced CH3NO2 at 380 ppm), comparable to that known for other terminal iron nitrides. Notably, the computed structure of 1 reveals an iron center with distorted tetrahedral geometry, τ4 = 0.72, featuring a short Fe≡N bond (1.52 Å). Inspection of the frontier orbital ordering of 1 shows a relatively small HOMO/LUMO gap with the LUMO comprised by Fe(dxz,yz)N(px,y) π*-orbitals, a splitting that is manifested in the electronic absorption spectrum of 1 (λ = 610 nm, ε = 1375 L·mol-1·cm-1; λ = 613 nm (calcd)). Complex 1 persists in low-temperature solutions of pyridine but becomes unstable at room temperature, gradually converting to the Fe(II) hydrazide product [κ2-(tBu2CN)C(η6-NAr*)(N-NAr*)]Fe (4) upon standing via intramolecular N-atom insertion. This reactivity of the Fe≡N moiety was assessed through molecular orbital analysis, which suggests electrophilic character at the nitride functionality. Accordingly, treatment of 1 with the nucleophiles PMe2Ph and Ar-N≡C (Ar = 2,6-dimethylphenyl) leads to partial N-atom transfer and formation of the Fe(II) addition products [LAr*]Fe(N═PMe2Ph)(py) (5) and [LAr*]Fe(N═C═NAr)(py) (6). Similarly, 1 reacts with PhSiH3 to give [LAr*]Fe[N(H)(SiH2Ph)](py) (7) which Fukui analysis shows to proceed via electrophilic insertion of the nitride into the Si-H bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab K Maity
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Jesse Murillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | | | - Balazs Pinter
- Computational OrganoMetallic and Inorganic Chemistry Group, Eenheid Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Skye Fortier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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Ren W, Fang X, Sun W, Gu D, Yu Y. A magnesium complex containing a reduced 2,2′-bipyridyl ligand: Synthesis, structure, reactivity, and computational studies. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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46
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Sommer MG, Marx R, Schweinfurth D, Rechkemmer Y, Neugebauer P, van der Meer M, Hohloch S, Demeshko S, Meyer F, van Slageren J, Sarkar B. Control of Complex Formation through Peripheral Substituents in Click-Tripodal Ligands: Structural Diversity in Homo- and Heterodinuclear Cobalt-Azido Complexes. Inorg Chem 2016; 56:402-413. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Sommer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raphael Marx
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - David Schweinfurth
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne Rechkemmer
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Petr Neugebauer
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Margarethe van der Meer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Hohloch
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstraße
4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstraße
4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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47
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Clarke RM, Storr T. Tuning Electronic Structure To Control Manganese Nitride Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15299-15302. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b09576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S4
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S4
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48
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49
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Xie J, Man WL, Wong CY, Chang X, Che CM, Lau TC. Four-Electron Oxidation of Phenols to p-Benzoquinone Imines by a (Salen)ruthenium(VI) Nitrido Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5817-20. [PMID: 27111432 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Proton-coupled electron-transfer reactions of phenols have received considerable attention because of their fundamental interest and their relevance to many biological processes. Here we describe a remarkable four-electron oxidation of phenols by a (salen)ruthenium(VI) complex in the presence of pyridine in CH3OH to afford (salen)ruthenium(II) p-benzoquinone imine complexes. Mechanistic studies indicate that this reaction occurs in two phases. The first phase is proposed to be a two-electron transfer process that involves electrophilic attack by Ru≡N at the phenol aromatic ring, followed by proton shift to generate a Ru(IV) p-hydroxyanilido intermediate. In the second phase the intermediate undergoes intramolecular two-electron transfer, followed by rapid deprotonation to give the Ru(II) p-benzoquinone imine product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Xie
- Department of Biology and Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-Lun Man
- Department of Biology and Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Yuen Wong
- Department of Biology and Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tai-Chu Lau
- Department of Biology and Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
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50
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Beaumier EP, Billow BS, Singh AK, Biros SM, Odom AL. A complex with nitrogen single, double, and triple bonds to the same chromium atom: synthesis, structure, and reactivity. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2532-2536. [PMID: 28660023 PMCID: PMC5477034 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04608d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex with single, double and triple bonds between nitrogen and the same metal center has been synthesized, [NCr(NPh)(NPri2)2]–. The complex shows differential activity, with some electrophiles attacking the imido and others the nitrido.
A nitrogen-based analogue of the Schrock and Clark “yl-ene-yne” complex, W(CBut)(CHBut)(CH2But)(dmpe), has been prepared. The new complex is the nitrido, imido, amido anion [NCr(NPh)(NPri2)2]–, which was structurally characterized with the [K(crypt-2.2.2)]+ counterion. The “Cr–N 1-2-3” complex was prepared from NCr(NHPh)(NPri2)2, which exists as this nitrido–amido tautomer, rather than the bis(imido) Cr(NH)(NPh)(NPri2)2. By selection of electrophile, the nitrido–imido salt K[NCr(NPh)(NPri2)2] can undergo reaction at either the imido or the nitrido to form unusual examples of nitrido or bis(imido) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P Beaumier
- Michigan State University , Department of Chemistry , 578 S. Shaw Ln , East Lansing , MI 48824 , USA .
| | - Brennan S Billow
- Michigan State University , Department of Chemistry , 578 S. Shaw Ln , East Lansing , MI 48824 , USA .
| | - Amrendra K Singh
- Michigan State University , Department of Chemistry , 578 S. Shaw Ln , East Lansing , MI 48824 , USA .
| | - Shannon M Biros
- Grand Valley State University , Department of Chemistry , Allendale , MI 49401 , USA
| | - Aaron L Odom
- Michigan State University , Department of Chemistry , 578 S. Shaw Ln , East Lansing , MI 48824 , USA .
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