1
|
Zhang L, Zhou R, Zhang J, Zhou P. Heat-induced denaturation and bioactivity changes of whey proteins. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
2
|
Nikoo S, Maghari A, Habibi-Rezaei M, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Mechanistic study of lysozyme glycation by fructose and modulation by curcumin derivatives. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
3
|
Abstract
Coronary artery atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic plaque rupture cause coronary artery disease (CAD). Advanced glycation end products (AGE) and its cell receptor RAGE, and soluble receptor (sRAGE) and endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. AGE and its interaction with RAGE are atherogenic, while sRAGE and esRAGE have antiatherogenic effects. AGE-RAGE stress is a ratio of AGE/sRAGE. A high AGE-RAGE stress results in development and progression of CAD and vice-versa. AGE levels in serum and skin, AGE/sRAGE in patients with CAD, and expression of RAGE in animal model of atherosclerosis were higher, while serum levels of esRAGE were lower in patients with CAD compared with controls. Serum levels of sRAGE in CAD patients were contradictory, increased or decreased. This contradictory data may be due to type of patients used, because the sRAGE levels are elevated in diabetics and end-stage renal disease. AGE/sRAGE ratio is elevated in patients with reduced or elevated levels of serum sRAGE. It is to stress that AGE, RAGE, sRAGE, or esRAGE individually cannot serve as universal biomarker. AGE and sRAGE should be measured simultaneously to assess the AGE-RAGE stress. The treatment of CAD should be targeted at reduction in AGE levels, prevention of AGE formation, degradation of AGE in vivo, suppression of RAGE expression, blockade of RAGE, elevation of sRAGE, and use of antioxidants. In conclusion, AGE-RAGE stress would initiate the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Treatment modalities would prevent, regress, and slow the progression of CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Prasad
- Department of Physiology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lim K, Kalim S. The Role of Nonenzymatic Post-translational Protein Modifications in Uremic Vascular Calcification. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2019; 26:427-436. [PMID: 31831121 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Considerable technological advances have enabled the identification and linkage of nonenzymatic post-translationally modified proteins to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with kidney failure. Through processes such as the nonenzymatic carbamylation reaction as well as the formation of advanced glycation end products, we now know that protein modifications are invariably associated with the development of CVD beyond a mere epiphenomenon and this has become an important focus of nephrology research in recent years. Although the specific mechanisms by which protein modifications occurring in kidney failure that may contribute to CVD are diverse and include pathways such as inflammation and fibrosis, vascular calcification has emerged as a distinct pathological sequelae of protein modifications. In this review, we consider the biological mechanisms and clinical relevance of protein carbamylation and advanced glycation end products in CVD development with a focus on vascular calcification.
Collapse
|
5
|
Xing H, Yaylayan V. Mechanochemically Induced Controlled Glycation of Lysozyme and Its Effect on Enzymatic Activity and Conformational Changes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3249-3255. [PMID: 30811194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycation through heating of a mixture of protein and reducing sugars is one of the most commonly used methods of protein modification; however, in most cases, this approach can lead to uncontrolled glycation. The hypothesis that mechanical energy supplied through ball milling can induce glycation of proteins was tested using a well-characterized enzyme lysozyme. The Q-TOF/MS analysis of the milled samples has indicated that the milling of sugar-protein mixtures in stainless steel jars for 30 min and at a frequency of 30 Hz generated mainly monoglycated proteins even with the highly reactive ribose. Increasing the sugar concentration or the milling time did not influence the overall yield or generate more glycoforms. Enzymatic activity measurements, FTIR, and fluorescence spectroscopic studies have indicated that milling of lysozyme alone leads to a significant loss in enzymatic activity and structural integrity in contrast to milling in the presence of sugars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Xing
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry , McGill University , 21111 Lakeshore , Ste Anne de Bellevue , Quebec Canada , H9X 3 V9
| | - Varoujan Yaylayan
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry , McGill University , 21111 Lakeshore , Ste Anne de Bellevue , Quebec Canada , H9X 3 V9
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dong L, Wu Y, Wang W, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Wang S. Structural modification and digestibility change of β-lactoglobulin modified by methylglyoxal with the simulated reheating of dairy products. Food Chem 2019; 288:276-282. [PMID: 30902293 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A methylglyoxal (MG)-β-lactoglobulin (bLG) model was established to simulate reheating conditions (60-100 °C) to investigate the modification effect that α-dicarbonyl compounds had on protein structure and on the digestibility of milk protein. The results showed that bLG can be modified by MG, and the modification degree increased with the increase in reheating temperature. The reacted lysine and arginine as well as the generated protein-bound NƐ-carboxymethyllysine and NƐ-carboxyethyllysine in the modified bLG also increased with temperature. The high-resolution mass spectrometry results revealed that the modification site is at the lysine and arginine residue of bLG. Additionally, nine types of modifications were detected, and NƐ-carboxyethyllysine was the dominant modification product. The in vitro digestibility of MG-modified bLG clearly decreased with the increase in reheating temperature. This result was consistent with the degree of structural modification and could be explained by the specific action sites (lysine and arginine) of the digestive enzyme, which were modified by MG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuekun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yajing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Valencia PL, Solis T, Rojas P, Ibañez F, Astudillo-Castro C, Pinto M, Almonacid S. Proteolytic susceptibility of food by-product proteins: An evaluation by means of a quantitative index. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
8
|
Fishman SL, Sonmez H, Basman C, Singh V, Poretsky L. The role of advanced glycation end-products in the development of coronary artery disease in patients with and without diabetes mellitus: a review. Mol Med 2018; 24:59. [PMID: 30470170 PMCID: PMC6251169 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional risk factors are insufficient to explain all cases of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and their receptors may play important roles in the development and progression of CAD. Body Hyperglycemia is the hallmark feature of DM. An increase in the incidence of both micro-and macrovascular complications of diabetes has been observed with increased duration of hyperglycemia. This association persists even after glycemic control has been achieved, suggesting an innate mechanism of “metabolic memory.” AGEs are glycated proteins that may serve as mediators of metabolic memory due to their increased production in the setting of hyperglycemia and generally slow turnover. Elevated AGE levels can lead to abnormal cross linking of extracellular and intracellular proteins disrupting their normal structure and function. Furthermore, activation of AGE receptors can induce complex signaling pathways leading to increased inflammation, oxidative stress, enhanced calcium deposition, and increased vascular smooth muscle apoptosis, contributing to the development of atherosclerosis. Through these mechanisms, AGEs may be important mediators of the development of CAD. However, clinical studies regarding the role of AGEs and their receptors in advancing CAD are limited, with contradictory results. Conclusion AGEs and their receptors may be useful biomarkers for the presence and severity of CAD. Further studies are needed to evaluate the utility of circulating and tissue AGE levels in identifying asymptomatic patients at risk for CAD or to identify patients who may benefit from invasive intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Louise Fishman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, 110 East 59th St #8B, New York, NY, 10022, USA
| | - Halis Sonmez
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, 111 Salem Tpke, Norwich, CT, 06360, USA
| | - Craig Basman
- Department of Cardiology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, 100 East 77th St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department of Cardiology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, 100 East 77th St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Leonid Poretsky
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, 110 East 59th St #8B, New York, NY, 10022, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Effect of Digestion and Digestibility on Allergenicity of Food. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091129. [PMID: 30134536 PMCID: PMC6164088 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Food allergy prevalence numbers are still on the rise. Apart from environmental influences, dietary habits, food availability and life-style factors, medication could also play a role. For immune tolerance of food, several contributing factors ensure that dietary compounds are immunologically ignored and serve only as source for energy and nutrient supply. Functional digestion along the gastrointestinal tract is essential for the molecular breakdown and a prerequisite for appropriate uptake in the intestine. Digestion and digestibility of carbohydrates and proteins thus critically affect the risk of food allergy development. In this review, we highlight the influence of amylases, gastric acid- and trypsin-inhibitors, as well as of food processing in the context of food allergenicity.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee J, Kim I, Yeo S, Kim D, Kim M. Dextran-Conjugated Lysozymes Inhibit the Growth of Shigella sonnei and Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2018; 23:60-69. [PMID: 29662849 PMCID: PMC5894787 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2018.23.1.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysozyme is well known as a natural antimicrobial agent, but its function is limited in that it only combats Gram-positive bacteria. We investigated the inhibitory effects of dextran-conjugated lysozymes (DLs) against some strains of Gram-negative bacteria and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). The Maillard reactions of the DL were performed at various pHs (3.0, 7.0, and 8.5) in the presence of saturated KBr solution for 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days. The growth inhibition effects against Gram-negative bacterial strains, such as Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sonnei, and Shigella flexneri were found only in some DLs. DLs incubated at pH 7.0 for 9 days strongly inhibited growth of S. sonnei (92.9%). Fathead minnow (FHM) cells were infected with VHSV. DLs treated at all pHs for 1 day resulted in more than 80% viability of VHSV-infected FHM cells. The results of this study suggest that our DLs can be useful in food preservatives, pharmaceuticals, or aquatic feed due to their inhibitory effects against pathogenic bacteria and viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joongjae Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, Korea.,Natural Nutraceuticals Industrialization Research Center, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, Korea
| | - Inyong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, Korea.,Natural Nutraceuticals Industrialization Research Center, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, Korea
| | - Seoungsoon Yeo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, Korea.,Natural Nutraceuticals Industrialization Research Center, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, Korea
| | - Duwoon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology and Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Misook Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, Korea.,Natural Nutraceuticals Industrialization Research Center, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Preetha Rani MR, Anupama N, Sreelekshmi M, Raghu KG. Chlorogenic acid attenuates glucotoxicity in H9c2 cells via inhibition of glycation and PKC α upregulation and safeguarding innate antioxidant status. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:467-477. [PMID: 29477910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of cardiovascular complications associated with hyperglycemia is a critical threat to the diabetic population. Here we elucidate the link between hyperglycemia and cardiovascular diseases onset, focusing on oxidative stress and associated cardiac dysfunctions. The contribution of advanced glycation end products (AGE) and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling is extensively studied. For induction of hyperglycemia, H9c2 cells were incubated with 33 mM glucose for 48 h to simulate the diabetic condition in in vitro system. Development of cardiac dysfunction was confirmed with the significant increase of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release to the medium and associated decrease in cell viability. Various parameters like free radical generation, alteration in innate antioxidant system, lipid peroxidation, AGE production and PKC α -ERK axis were investigated during hyperglycemia and with chlorogenic acid. Hyperglycemia has significantly enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS- 4 fold) generation, depleted SOD activity (1.3 fold) and expression of enzymes particularly CuZnSOD (SOD1) and MnSOD (SOD2), increased production of AGE (2.18 fold). Besides, PKC α dependent ERK signaling pathway was found activated (1.43 fold) leading to cardiac dysfunction during hyperglycemia. Chlorogenic acid (CA) was found beneficial against hyperglycemia most probably through its antioxidant mediated activity. The outcome of this preliminary study reveals the importance of integrated approach emphasizing redox status, glycation and signaling pathways like PKC α - ERK axis for control and management of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and potential of bioactives like CA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Preetha Rani
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Nair Anupama
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Mohan Sreelekshmi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India
| | - K G Raghu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Food Processing: The Influence of the Maillard Reaction on Immunogenicity and Allergenicity of Food Proteins. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080835. [PMID: 28777346 PMCID: PMC5579628 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of foods that are consumed in our developed society have been processed. Processing promotes a non-enzymatic reaction between proteins and sugars, the Maillard reaction (MR). Maillard reaction products (MRPs) contribute to the taste, smell and color of many food products, and thus influence consumers’ choices. However, in recent years, MRPs have been linked to the increasing prevalence of diet- and inflammation-related non-communicable diseases including food allergy. Although during the last years a better understanding of immunogenicity of MRPs has been achieved, still only little is known about the structural/chemical characteristics predisposing MRPs to interact with antigen presenting cells (APCs). This report provides a comprehensive review of recent studies on the influence of the Maillard reaction on the immunogenicity and allergenicity of food proteins.
Collapse
|
13
|
Food-advanced glycation end products aggravate the diabetic vascular complications via modulating the AGEs/RAGE pathway. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 14:844-855. [PMID: 27914528 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(16)30101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high-advanced glycation end products (AGEs) diet on diabetic vascular complications. The Streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were fed with high-AGEs diet. Diabetic characteristics, indicators of renal and cardiovascular functions, and pathohistology of pancreas, heart and renal were evaluated. AGEs/RAGE/ROS pathway parameters were determined. During the experiments, the diabetic mice exhibited typical characteristics including weight loss, polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, high-blood glucose, and low-serum insulin levels. However, high-AGEs diet effectively aggravated these diabetic characteristics. It also increased the 24-h urine protein levels, serum levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine, c-reactive protein (CRP), low density lipoprotein (LDL), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the diabetic mice. High-AGEs diet deteriorated the histology of pancreas, heart, and kidneys, and caused structural alterations of endothelial cells, mesangial cells and podocytes in renal cortex. Eventually, high-AGEs diet contributed to the high-AGE levels in serum and kidneys, high-levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and low-levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum, heart, and kidneys. It also upregulated RAGE mRNA and protein expression in heart and kidneys. Our results showed that high-AGEs diet deteriorated vascular complications in the diabetic mice. The activation of AGEs/RAGE/ROS pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of vascular complications in diabetes.
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu F, Teodorowicz M, Wichers HJ, van Boekel MAJS, Hettinga KA. Generation of Soluble Advanced Glycation End Products Receptor (sRAGE)-Binding Ligands during Extensive Heat Treatment of Whey Protein/Lactose Mixtures Is Dependent on Glycation and Aggregation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6477-6486. [PMID: 27460534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Heating of protein- and sugar-containing materials is considered the primary factor affecting the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). This study aimed to investigate the influence of heating conditions, digestion, and aggregation on the binding capacity of AGEs to the soluble AGE receptor (sRAGE). Samples consisting of mixtures of whey protein and lactose were heated at 130 °C. An in vitro infant digestion model was used to study the influence of heat treatment on the digestibility of whey proteins. The amount of sRAGE-binding ligands before and after digestion was measured by an ELISA-based sRAGE-binding assay. Water activity did not significantly affect the extent of digestibility of whey proteins dry heated at pH 5 (ranging from 3.3 ± 0.2 to 3.6 ± 0.1% for gastric digestion and from 53.5 ± 1.5 to 64.7 ± 1.1% for duodenal digestion), but there were differences in cleavage patterns of peptides among the samples heated at different pH values. Formation of sRAGE-binding ligands depended on the formation of aggregates and was limited in the samples heated at pH 5. Moreover, the sRAGE-binding activity of digested sample was changed by protease degradation and correlated with the digestibility of samples. In conclusion, generation of sRAGE-binding ligands during extensive heat treatment of whey protein/lactose mixtures is limited in acidic heating condition and dependent on glycation and aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahui Liu
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research Centre , 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Małgorzata Teodorowicz
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre , 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry J Wichers
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre , 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre , 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martinus A J S van Boekel
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research Centre , 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper A Hettinga
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research Centre , 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abbas G, Al-Harrasi AS, Hussain H, Hussain J, Rashid R, Choudhary MI. Antiglycation therapy: Discovery of promising antiglycation agents for the management of diabetic complications. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:198-206. [PMID: 25853955 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1028080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT During diabetes mellitus, non-enzymatic reaction between amino groups of protein and carbonyl of reducing sugars (Millard reaction) is responsible for the major diabetic complications. Various efforts have been made to influence the process of protein glycation. OBJECTIVES This review article provides an extensive survey of various studies published in scientific literature to understand the process of protein glycation and its measurement. Moreover, evaluation and identification of potential inhibitors (antiglycation agents) of protein glycation from natural and synthetic sources and their mechanism of action in vitro and in vivo are also addressed. METHOD In this review article, the mechanism involved in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is discussed, while in second and third parts, promising antiglycation agents of natural and synthetic sources have been reviewed, respectively. Finally, in vivo studies have been addressed. This review is mainly compiled from important databases such as Science, Direct, Chemical Abstracts, SciFinder, and PubMed. RESULTS During the last two decades, various attempts have been made to inhibit the process of protein glycation. New potent inhibitors of protein glycation belonging to different classes such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes, benzenediol Schiff bases, substituted indol, and thio compounds have been identified. CONCLUSION Antiglycation therapy will be an effective strategy in future to prevent the formation of AGEs for the management of late diabetic complications Current review article highlighted various compounds of natural and synthetic origins identified previously to inhibit the protein glycation and formation of AGEs in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Abbas
- a Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry , University of Nizwa , Nizwa , Sultanate of Oman
- b UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa , Nizwa , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Sulaiman Al-Harrasi
- b UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa , Nizwa , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- b UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa , Nizwa , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Javid Hussain
- a Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry , University of Nizwa , Nizwa , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rehana Rashid
- c Department of Chemistry , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Abbottabad , Pakistan , and
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- d HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Joubran Y, Moscovici A, Lesmes U. Antioxidant activity of bovine alpha lactalbumin Maillard products and evaluation of their in vitro gastro-duodenal digestive proteolysis. Food Funct 2015; 6:1229-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01165a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Maillard conjugation alters alpha lactalbumin antioxidant capacity, including during in vitro digestion, with different effect in adults versus infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Joubran
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000
- Israel
| | - Alice Moscovici
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000
- Israel
| | - Uri Lesmes
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000
- Israel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Villalonga ML, Díez P, Sánchez A, Gamella M, Pingarrón JM, Villalonga R. Neoglycoenzymes. Chem Rev 2014; 114:4868-917. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400290x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Díez
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Sánchez
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gamella
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Pingarrón
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA
Nanoscience, Cantoblanco Universitary City, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Reynaldo Villalonga
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA
Nanoscience, Cantoblanco Universitary City, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pinto MS, Léonil J, Henry G, Cauty C, Carvalho AF, Bouhallab S. Heating and glycation of β-lactoglobulin and β-casein: Aggregation and in vitro digestion. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
19
|
Arena S, Salzano AM, Renzone G, D'Ambrosio C, Scaloni A. Non-enzymatic glycation and glycoxidation protein products in foods and diseases: an interconnected, complex scenario fully open to innovative proteomic studies. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2014; 33:49-77. [PMID: 24114996 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Maillard reaction includes a complex network of processes affecting food and biopharmaceutical products; it also occurs in living organisms and has been strictly related to cell aging, to the pathogenesis of several (chronic) diseases, such as diabetes, uremia, cataract, liver cirrhosis and various neurodegenerative pathologies, as well as to peritoneal dialysis treatment. Dozens of compounds are involved in this process, among which a number of protein-adducted derivatives that have been simplistically defined as early, intermediate and advanced glycation end-products. In the last decade, various bottom-up proteomic approaches have been successfully used for the identification of glycation/glycoxidation protein targets as well as for the characterization of the corresponding adducts, including assignment of the modified amino acids. This article provides an updated overview of the mass spectrometry-based procedures developed to this purpose, emphasizing their partial limits with respect to current proteomic approaches for the analysis of other post-translational modifications. These limitations are mainly related to the concomitant sheer diversity, chemical complexity, and variable abundance of the various derivatives to be characterized. Some challenges to scientists are finally proposed for future proteomic investigations to solve main drawbacks in this research field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Arena
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Moscovici AM, Joubran Y, Briard-Bion V, Mackie A, Dupont D, Lesmes U. The impact of the Maillard reaction on the in vitro proteolytic breakdown of bovine lactoferrin in adults and infants. Food Funct 2014; 5:1898-908. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00248b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the Maillard reaction on proteolysis of the bioactive bovine lactoferrin is comparedin vitrobetween adults and infants for the first time, coupling proteomics to elucidate bioactive peptide formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice M. Moscovici
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yousef Joubran
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000, Israel
| | | | - Alan Mackie
- Food and Health Group
- Institute of Food Research
- Norwich Research Park
- Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | | | - Uri Lesmes
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Stirban A, Gawlowski T, Roden M. Vascular effects of advanced glycation endproducts: Clinical effects and molecular mechanisms. Mol Metab 2013; 3:94-108. [PMID: 24634815 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhanced generation and accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) have been linked to increased risk for macrovascular and microvascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus. AGEs result from the nonenzymatic reaction of reducing sugars with proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, potentially altering their function by disrupting molecular conformation, promoting cross-linking, altering enzyme activity, reducing their clearance, and impairing receptor recognition. AGEs may also activate specific receptors, like the receptor for AGEs (RAGE), which is present on the surface of all cells relevant to atherosclerotic processes, triggering oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of AGEs is paramount to develop strategies against diabetic and cardiovascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alin Stirban
- Profil Institut für Stoffwechselforschung GmbH, Hellersbergstrasse 9, 41460 Neuss, Germany
| | - Thomas Gawlowski
- University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany ; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Clinics Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Guedes-Martins L, Matos L, Soares A, Silva E, Almeida H. AGEs, contributors to placental bed vascular changes leading to preeclampsia. Free Radic Res 2013; 47 Suppl 1:70-80. [PMID: 23796030 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.815347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glycation of proteins or other biomolecules and their further long-term degradation result in the formation of advanced glycation end products, AGEs. AGEs and other ligands interact with their receptors, RAGEs, localized to a variety of tissues, but mainly in endothelium and vascular wall cells. This interaction triggers diverse signaling pathways that converge on the activation of NF-κB and the initiation of a local inflammatory reaction that, when prolonged, results in dysfunctional features. Preeclampsia is a serious vascular disorder centred at the placenta-uterine interface, the placental bed, but the condition extends to the mother's circulation. RAGEs have notorious expression in the placental bed tissues along pregnancy but, in addition, RAGEs and their ligands are expressed in the fetal membranes and are found in the amniotic fluid and the mother's serum. Disorders complicating pregnancies and having an important vascular involvement, as preeclampsia and diabetes mellitus, have additional enhanced AGE/RAGE expression variation. This indicates that for their assessment, the assay of RAGEs or their ligands may become useful diagnostic or prognostic procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Guedes-Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu G, Zhong Q. Thermal aggregation properties of whey protein glycated with various saccharides. Food Hydrocoll 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
24
|
Kielmas M, Kijewska M, Stefanowicz P, Szewczuk Z. Testing isotopic labeling with [13C6]glucose as a method of advanced glycation sites identification. Anal Biochem 2012; 431:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
25
|
Yang C, Wang R, Song H. The mechanism of peptide bonds cleavage and volatile compounds generated from pentapeptide to heptapeptide via Maillard reaction. Food Chem 2012; 133:373-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
26
|
Hegab Z, Gibbons S, Neyses L, Mamas MA. Role of advanced glycation end products in cardiovascular disease. World J Cardiol 2012; 4:90-102. [PMID: 22558488 PMCID: PMC3342583 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v4.i4.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are produced through the non enzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Enhanced formation of AGEs occurs particularly in conditions associated with hyperglycaemia such as diabetes mellitus (DM). AGEs are believed to have a key role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease in patients with DM through the modification of the structure, function and mechanical properties of tissues through crosslinking intracellular as well as extracellular matrix proteins and through modulating cellular processes through binding to cell surface receptors [receptor for AGEs (RAGE)]. A number of studies have shown a correlation between serum AGE levels and the development and severity of heart failure (HF). Moreover, some studies have suggested that therapies targeted against AGEs may have therapeutic potential in patients with HF. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of AGEs in cardiovascular disease and in particular in heart failure, focussing on both cellular mechanisms of action as well as highlighting how targeting AGEs may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Hegab
- Zeinab Hegab, Stephen Gibbons, Ludwig Neyses, Mamas A Mamas, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Seo S, Karboune S, Yaylayan V, L’Hocine L. Glycation of lysozyme with galactose, galactooligosaccharides and potato galactan through the Maillard reaction and optimization of the production of prebiotic glycoproteins. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
28
|
Corzo-Martínez M, Soria AC, Belloque J, Villamiel M, Moreno FJ. Effect of glycation on the gastrointestinal digestibility and immunoreactivity of bovine β-lactoglobulin. Int Dairy J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
29
|
Corzo-Martínez M, Lebrón-Aguilar R, Villamiel M, Quintanilla-López JE, Moreno FJ. Application of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the characterization of galactosylated and tagatosylated beta-lactoglobulin peptides derived from in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7205-12. [PMID: 19747681 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This article describes a comprehensive characterization of bovine beta-lactoglobulin peptides glycated with an aldohexose (galactose) or a ketohexose (tagatose), derived from in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, by liquid chromatography coupled to positive electrospray ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. In addition to the dissociation pathway previously described for aldohexoses-derived Amadori compounds, i.e. formation of the pyrylium ([M+H](+)-54) and furylium ions ([M+H](+)-84) via the oxonium ion ([M+H](+)-18), another and more direct fragmentation route involving the formation of the imminium ion ([M+H](+)-150) is also reported following extensive glycation rates of beta-lactoglobulin with both carbohydrates. These results indicated that the analysis of digested proteins by LC-ESI-MS(2) on a three-dimensional ion trap monitoring neutral losses is an efficient and direct method to identify peptides glycated not only through the Amadori rearrangement but also via the Heyns rearrangement. Nevertheless, as the predominating MS(2) fragmentation pattern of the glycated peptides is derived from the sugar moiety, the sequence-informative b- and y-ions resulting from peptide backbone cleavage were undetected. To overcome this drawback, and taking advantage of multi-stage fragmentation capabilities of ion traps, the indicative Amadori and Heyns-derived imminium ions were successfully used in MS(3) analyses to identify the peptide backbone, as well as the specific glycation site. In addition, further MS(4) analyses were needed to carry out the characterization of doubly glycated peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Corzo-Martínez
- Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pham VT, Ewing E, Kaplan H, Choma C, Hefford MA. Glycation improves the thermostability of trypsin and chymotrypsin. Biotechnol Bioeng 2008; 101:452-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.21919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
31
|
The effect of peptide glycation on local secondary structure. J Struct Biol 2008; 161:151-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2007.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Revised: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
32
|
McMillan N, Smith LV, de la Fuente JM, Parenty ADC, Gadegaard N, Pitt AR, Thomson K, Mackenzie C, Kelly SM, Cronin L. Incorporation of N-heterocyclic cations into proteins with a highly directed chemical modification. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:2581-3. [PMID: 17579744 DOI: 10.1039/b702575k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic cations are incorporated into proteins using 5-(2-bromoethyl)phenanthridinium bromide, which selectively reacts with either cysteine or lysine residues, resulting in ethylphenanthridinium (Phen) or highly stable cyclised dihydro-imidazo-phenanthridinium (DIP) adducts respectively; these modifications have been found to manipulate the observed structure of lysozyme and bovine serum albumin by AFM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola McMillan
- WestCHEM, Department of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Guy PA, Fenaille F. Contribution of mass spectrometry to assess quality of milk-based products. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2006; 25:290-326. [PMID: 16369930 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The vast knowledge of milk chemistry has been extensively used by the dairy manufacturing industry to develop and optimize the modern technology required to produce high-quality milk products to which we are accustomed. A thorough understanding of the chemistry of milk and its numerous components is essential for designing processing equipment and conditions needed for the manufacture and distribution of high-quality dairy products. Knowledge and application of milk chemistry is also indispensable for fractionating milk into its principal components for use as functional and nutritional ingredients by the food industry. For all these reasons, powerful analytical methods are required. Because of the complexity of the milk matrix, mass spectrometry, coupled or not to separation techniques, constitutes a key tool in this area. In the present manuscript, we review the contribution and potentialities of mass spectrometry-based techniques to assess quality of milk-based products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe A Guy
- Department of Quality and Safety Assurance, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sell DR, Monnier VM. Ornithine Is a Novel Amino Acid and a Marker of Arginine Damage by Oxoaldehydes in Senescent Proteins. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1043:118-28. [PMID: 16037230 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1333.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Long-lived proteins undergo age-related postsynthetic modifications by glycation and advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which destabilize them by altering their conformation and charge. It was accidentally discovered that ornithine (orn) increased with age in acid hydrolyzates of human skin collagen and lens crystallins which led us to investigate the source of orn. Here, we detected such modifications of orn in these proteins. Acid hydrolysis of arginine (arg)-base AGE standards produced orn at different yields. The data provide unequivocal evidence for the in vivo formation of orn and its own AGEs in aging proteins, and suggest that arg-based AGEs serve as precursors of orn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Sell
- Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, 2085 Adelbert Rd., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Effect of pH, temperature and sodium bisulfite or cysteine on the level of Maillard-based conjugation of lysozyme with dextran, galactomannan and mannan. Food Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|