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Singh A, Maity A, Singh N. Structure and Dynamics of dsDNA in Cell-like Environments. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1587. [PMID: 36359677 PMCID: PMC9689892 DOI: 10.3390/e24111587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a fundamental biomolecule for correct cellular functioning and regulation of biological processes. DNA's structure is dynamic and has the ability to adopt a variety of structural conformations in addition to its most widely known double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) helix structure. Stability and structural dynamics of dsDNA play an important role in molecular biology. In vivo, DNA molecules are folded in a tightly confined space, such as a cell chamber or a channel, and are highly dense in solution; their conformational properties are restricted, which affects their thermodynamics and mechanical properties. There are also many technical medical purposes for which DNA is placed in a confined space, such as gene therapy, DNA encapsulation, DNA mapping, etc. Physiological conditions and the nature of confined spaces have a significant influence on the opening or denaturation of DNA base pairs. In this review, we summarize the progress of research on the stability and dynamics of dsDNA in cell-like environments and discuss current challenges and future directions. We include studies on various thermal and mechanical properties of dsDNA in ionic solutions, molecular crowded environments, and confined spaces. By providing a better understanding of melting and unzipping of dsDNA in different environments, this review provides valuable guidelines for predicting DNA thermodynamic quantities and for designing DNA/RNA nanostructures.
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2
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Complexation of DNA with Thermoresponsive Charged Microgels: Role of Swelling State and Electrostatics. Gels 2022; 8:gels8030184. [PMID: 35323297 PMCID: PMC8955517 DOI: 10.3390/gels8030184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro- and nanogels are being increasingly used to encapsulate bioactive compounds. Their soft structure allows large loading capacity while their stimuli responsiveness makes them extremely versatile. In this work, the complexation of DNA with thermoresponsive microgels is presented. To this end, PEGylated charged microgels based on poly-N-isopropylacrylamide have been synthesized, allowing one to explore the electrostatics of the complexation. Cationic microgels complexate spontaneously by electrostatic attraction to oppositely charged DNA as demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility of the complexes. Then, Langmuir monolayers reveal an increased interaction of DNA with swollen microgels (20 °C). Anionic microgels require the presence of multivalent cations (Ca2+) to promote the complexation, overcoming the electrostatic repulsion with negatively charged DNA. Then again, Langmuir monolayers evidence their complexation at the surface. However, the presence of Ca2+ seems to induce profound changes in the interaction and surface conformation of anionic microgels. These alterations are further explored by measuring adsorbed films with the pendant drop technique. Conformational changes induced by Ca2+ on the structure of the microgel can ultimately affect the complexation with DNA and should be considered in the design. The combination of microstructural and surface properties for microgels offers a new perspective into complexation of DNA with soft particles with biomedical applications.
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Melting of DNA in confined geometries. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2020; 49:561-569. [PMID: 32920665 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The stability of DNA molecules during viral or biotechnological encapsulation is a topic of active current research. We studied the thermal stability of double-stranded DNA molecules of different lengths in a confined space. Using a statistical model, we evaluate the melting profile of DNA molecules in two geometries: conical and cylindrical. Our results show that not only the confinement, but also the geometry of the confined space plays a prominent role in the stability and opening of the DNA duplex. We find that for more confined spaces, cylindrical confinement stabilizes the DNA, but for less confined spaces conical geometry stabilizes the DNA overall. We also analyse the interaction between DNA sequence and stability, and the evenness with which strand separation occurs. Cylindrical and conical geometries enable a better controlled tuning of the stability of DNA encapsulation and the efficiency of its eventual release, compared to spherical or quasi-spherical geometries.
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Pérez-Mas L, Martín-Molina A, Quesada-Pérez M. Coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulations of nanogel-polyelectrolyte complexes: electrostatic effects. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:3022-3028. [PMID: 32129421 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00173b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coarse-grained Monte-Carlo simulations of nanogel-polyelectrolyte complexes have been carried out. The results presented here capture two phenomena reported in experiments with real complexes: (i) the reduction in size after absorbing just a few chains and (ii) the charge inversion detected through electrophoretic mobility data. Our simulations reveal that charge inversion occurs if the polyelectrolyte charge is large enough. In addition, the distribution of chains inside the nanogel strongly depends on whether charge inversion takes place. It should also be stressed that the chain topology has little influence on most of the properties studied here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Pérez-Mas
- Departamento de Física, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Linares, Universidad de Jaén, 23700, Linares, Jaén, Spain.
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5
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Li Y, Kohane DS. Microparticles. Biomater Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816137-1.00030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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Bartneck M, Wang J. Therapeutic Targeting of Neutrophil Granulocytes in Inflammatory Liver Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2257. [PMID: 31616430 PMCID: PMC6764082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil granulocytes are the most numerous type of leukocyte in humans bearing an enormous, yet largely unexplored therapeutic potential. Scientists have very recently increased their efforts to study and understand these cells which contribute to various types of inflammatory diseases and cancer. The mechanisms that regulate neutrophil recruitment to inflamed tissues and neutrophil cytotoxic activities against host tissues and pathogens require more attention. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a popular source of cellular stress and organ injury, and are critically expressed by neutrophils. By combating pathogens using molecular combat factors such as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), these are immobilized and killed i.e., by ROS. NETs and ROS are essential for the immune defense, but upon excessive activation, may also harm healthy tissue. Thus, exploring new routes for modulating their migration and activation is highly desired for creating novel anti-inflammatory treatment options. Leukocyte transmigration represents a key process for inflammatory cell infiltration to injury sites. In this review, we briefly summarize the differentiation and roles of neutrophils, with a spotlight on intravital imaging. We further discuss the potential of nanomedicines, i.e., selectin mimetics to target cell migration and influence liver disease outcome in animal models. Novel perspectives further arise from formulations of the wide array of options of small non-coding RNA such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro-RNA (miR) which exhibit enzymatic functions: while siRNA binds and degrades a single mRNA based on full complementarity of binding, miR can up and down-regulate multiple targets in gene transcription and translation, mediated by partial complementarity of binding. Notably, miR is known to regulate at least 60% of the protein-coding genes and thus includes a potent strategy for a large number of targets in neutrophils. Nanomedicines can combine properties of different drugs in a single formulation, i.e., combining surface functionalization with ligands and drug delivery. Inevitably, nanomedicines accumulate in other phagocytes, a fact that should be controlled for every novel formulation to restrain activation of macrophages or modifications of the immunological synapse. Controlled drug release enabled by nanotechnological delivery systems may advance the options of modulating neutrophil activation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bartneck
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jing Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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7
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Toll-Like Receptors and Relevant Emerging Therapeutics with Reference to Delivery Methods. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11090441. [PMID: 31480568 PMCID: PMC6781272 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The built-in innate immunity in the human body combats various diseases and their causative agents. One of the components of this system is Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes and/or endogenous molecules. Nonetheless, under certain conditions, these TLRs become hypofunctional or hyperfunctional, thus leading to a disease-like condition because their normal activity is compromised. In this regard, various small-molecule drugs and recombinant therapeutic proteins have been developed to treat the relevant diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn’s disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and allergy. Some drugs for these diseases have been clinically approved; however, their efficacy can be enhanced by conventional or targeted drug delivery systems. Certain delivery vehicles such as liposomes, hydrogels, nanoparticles, dendrimers, or cyclodextrins can be employed to enhance the targeted drug delivery. This review summarizes the TLR signaling pathway, associated diseases and their treatments, and the ways to efficiently deliver the drugs to a target site.
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8
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Chen Y, Shan G, Pan P. Role of added amphiphilic cationic polymer in the stabilization of inverse emulsions. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Bartneck M. Immunomodulatory Nanomedicine. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bartneck
- Department of Medicine III; Medical Faculty; RWTH Aachen; Pauwelsstr. 30 52074 Aachen Germany
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10
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Tardy A, Nicolas J, Gigmes D, Lefay C, Guillaneuf Y. Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization: Scope, Limitations, and Application to (Bio)Degradable Materials. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1319-1406. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Tardy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
UMR 7273, campus Saint Jérôme,
Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Case 542, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté
de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
UMR 7273, campus Saint Jérôme,
Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Case 542, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Catherine Lefay
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
UMR 7273, campus Saint Jérôme,
Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Case 542, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Yohann Guillaneuf
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
UMR 7273, campus Saint Jérôme,
Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Case 542, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 236 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yanhang Hong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 236 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Wenjuan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 236 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 7-105 Hasselmo
Hall, 312 Church Street S. E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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12
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Zhang J, Cui J, Deng Y, Jiang Z, Saltzman WM. Multifunctional Poly(amine- co-ester- co-ortho ester) for Efficient and Safe Gene Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016. [PMID: 28649641 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polymers are used for non-viral gene delivery, but current materials lack the functionality to address the multiple barriers involved in gene delivery. Here we describe the rational design and synthesis of a new family of quaterpolymers with unprecedented multifunctionality: acid sensitivity, low cationic charge, high hydrophobicity, and biodegradability, all of which are essential for efficient and safe gene delivery. The polymers were synthesized via lipase-catalyzed polymerization of ortho ester diester, lactone, dialkyl diester, and amino diol monomers. Polymers containing ortho ester groups exhibited acid-sensitive degradation at endosomal pH (4~5), facilitated efficient endosomal escape and unpackaging of the genes, and were efficient in delivering genetic materials to HEK293 cells, human glioma cells, primary mouse melanoma cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We also developed a highly efficient lyophilized formulation of the nanoparticles, which could be stored for a month without loss of efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jiajia Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Yang Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Zhaozhong Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Innovations Center, Yale University, 600 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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13
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Guo X, Wang L, Wei X, Zhou S. Polymer-based drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 China
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14
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Delplace V, Nicolas J. Degradable vinyl polymers for biomedical applications. Nat Chem 2015; 7:771-84. [PMID: 26391076 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vinyl polymers have been the focus of intensive research over the past few decades and are attractive materials owing to their ease of synthesis and their broad diversity of architectures, compositions and functionalities. Their carbon-carbon backbones are extremely resistant to degradation, however, and this property limits their uses. Degradable polymers are an important field of research in polymer science and have been used in a wide range of applications spanning from (nano)medicine to microelectronics and environmental protection. The development of synthetic strategies to enable complete or partial degradation of vinyl polymers is, therefore, of great importance because it will offer new opportunities for the application of these materials. This Review captures the most recent and promising approaches to the design of degradable vinyl polymers and discusses the potential of these materials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianney Delplace
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
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15
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Maximova ED, Faizuloev EB, Nikonova AA, Kotova SL, Solov’eva AB, Izumrudov VA, Litmanovich EA, Kudryashova EV, Melik-Nubarov NS. Cross-linking as a tool for enhancement of transfection efficiency of cationic vectors. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Lee DJ. Intraocular Implants for the Treatment of Autoimmune Uveitis. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:650-66. [PMID: 26264035 PMCID: PMC4598676 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveitis is the third leading cause of blindness in developed countries. Currently, the most widely used treatment of non-infectious uveitis is corticosteroids. Posterior uveitis and macular edema can be treated with intraocular injection of corticosteroids, however, this is problematic in chronic cases because of the need for repeat injections. Another option is systemic immunosuppressive therapies that have their own undesirable side effects. These systemic therapies result in a widespread suppression of the entire immune system, leaving the patient susceptible to infection. Therefore, an effective localized treatment option is preferred. With the recent advances in bioengineering, biodegradable polymers that allow for a slow sustained-release of a medication. These advances have culminated in drug delivery implants that are food and drug administration (FDA) approved for the treatment of non-infectious uveitis. In this review, we discuss the types of ocular implants available and some of the polymers used, implants used for the treatment of non-infectious uveitis, and bioengineered alternatives that are on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren J Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI PA404, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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17
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Fleischmann C, Gopez J, Lundberg P, Ritter H, Killops KL, Hawker CJ, Klinger D. A robust platform for functional microgels via thiol-ene achemistry with reactive polyether-based nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2015; 6:2029-2037. [PMID: 26005499 PMCID: PMC4437636 DOI: 10.1039/c4py01766h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We herein report the development of crosslinked polyether particles as a reactive platform for the preparation of functional microgels. Thiol-ene crosslinking of poly(allyl glycidyl ether) in miniemulsion droplets - stabilized by a surface active, bio-compatible polyethylene glycol block copolymer - resulted in colloidal gels with a PEG corona and an inner polymeric network containing reactive allyl units. The stability of the allyl groups allows the microgels to be purified and stored before a second, subsequent thiol-ene functionalization step allows a wide variety of pH- and chemically-responsive groups to be introduced into the nanoparticles. The facile nature of this synthetic platform enables the preparation of microgel libraries that are responsive to different triggers but are characterized by the same size distribution, surface functionality, and crosslinking density. In addition, the utilization of a crosslinker containing cleavable ester groups renders the resulting hydrogel particles degradable at elevated pH or in the presence of esterase under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Fleischmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Materials Department, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gopez
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Materials Department, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Pontus Lundberg
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Materials Department, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Helmut Ritter
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kato L. Killops
- Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, U.S. Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Materials Department, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Daniel Klinger
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Materials Department, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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18
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Banerjee R, Parida S, Maiti C, Mandal M, Dhara D. pH-degradable and thermoresponsive water-soluble core cross-linked polymeric nanoparticles as potential drug delivery vehicle for doxorubicin. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17158j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin release at preferred lysosomal pH of the cancer cells due to pH-induced de-crosslinking of polymer nanoparticle core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- India
| | - Sheetal Parida
- School of Medical Science and Technology
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- India
| | - Chiranjit Maiti
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- India
| | - Dibakar Dhara
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- India
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19
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Hosseinkhani H, Abedini F, Ou KL, Domb AJ. Polymers in gene therapy technology. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseinkhani
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering; National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech); Taipei 10607 Taiwan
- Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine; National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech); Taipei 10607 Taiwan
- Research Center for Biomedical Devices and Prototyping Production, Research Center for Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Dentistry; Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital; Taipei 235 Taiwan
| | - Fatemeh Abedini
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute; Karaj Alborz IRAN
| | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Research Center for Biomedical Devices and Prototyping Production, Research Center for Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Dentistry; Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital; Taipei 235 Taiwan
| | - Abraham J. Domb
- Institute of Drug Research, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 91120 Israel
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Binauld S, Stenzel MH. Acid-degradable polymers for drug delivery: a decade of innovation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2082-102. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36589h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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21
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Klinger D, Landfester K. Stimuli-responsive microgels for the loading and release of functional compounds: Fundamental concepts and applications. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Ahmed M, Narain R. Intracellular delivery of DNA and enzyme in active form using degradable carbohydrate-based nanogels. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:3160-70. [PMID: 22970989 DOI: 10.1021/mp300255p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The facile encapsulation of biomolecules along with efficient formulation and storage makes nanogels ideal candidates for drug and gene delivery. So far, nanogels have not been used for the codelivery of plasmid DNA and proteins due to several limitations, including low encapsulation efficacy of biomolecule of similar charges and the size of cargo materials. In this study, temperature and pH sensitive carbohydrate-based nanogels are synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique and are studied in detail for their capacity to encapsulate and codeliver plasmid DNA and proteins. The temperature sensitive property of nanogels allows the facile encapsulation of biomaterials, while its acid-degradable profile allows the burst release of biomolecules in endosomes. Hence these materials are expected to serve as efficient vectors to deliver biomolecules of choice either alone or as codelivery system. The nanogels produced are relatively monodisperse and are around 30-40 nm in diameter at 37 °C. DNA condensation efficacy of the nanogels is dependent on the hydrophobic property of the core of the nanogels. The DNA-nanogel complexes are formed by the interaction of carbohydrate residues of nanogels with the DNA, and complexes are further stabilized with linear cationic glycopolymers. The DNA-nanogels complexes are also studied for their protein loading capacity. The degradation of the nanogels and the controlled release of DNA and proteins are then studied in vitro. Furthermore, the addition of a nontoxic, cationic glycopolymer to the nanogel-DNA complexes is found to improve the cellular uptake and hence to improve gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marya Ahmed
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, 116 St and 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G6, Canada
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Sunasee R, Wattanaarsakit P, Ahmed M, Lollmahomed FB, Narain R. Biodegradable and nontoxic nanogels as nonviral gene delivery systems. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1925-33. [PMID: 22931440 DOI: 10.1021/bc300314u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of polymeric systems with tailored properties as nonviral gene carriers continues to be a challenging and exciting field of research. We report here the synthesis and characterization of biodegradable, temperature- and pH-sensitive carbohydrate-based cationic nanogels as effective gene delivery carriers to Hep G2 cells. The temperature-sensitive property of the nanogels allows their facile complexation of DNA, while the pH-sensitive property allows the degradation of nanogels followed by the release of plasmid in the endosome. The nanogels are synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) technique and are evaluated for their DNA condensation efficacy. The gene delivery efficacies of these nanogels are subsequently studied and it is found that these cationic glyconanogels can serve as potent gene delivery vectors in hepatocytes. It is found that the gene delivery efficacies of this system are similar to that of branched poly(ethyleneimine), which is used as a positive control. Moreover, these nanogels show desirable properties for systemic applications including low toxicity and degradation in acidic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Sunasee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G6, Canada
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24
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Wu Y, Hu H, Hu J, Liu S. Glucose-Regulated Insulin Release from Acid-Disintegrable Microgels Covalently Immobilized with Glucose Oxidase and Catalase. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:1852-60. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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25
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Ornelas-Megiatto C, Wich PR, Fréchet JMJ. Polyphosphonium polymers for siRNA delivery: an efficient and nontoxic alternative to polyammonium carriers. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:1902-5. [PMID: 22239619 DOI: 10.1021/ja207366k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble polyphosphonium polymer was synthesized and directly compared with its ammonium analog in terms of siRNA delivery. The triethylphosphonium polymer shows transfection efficiency up to 65% with 100% cell viability, whereas the best result obtained for the ammonium analog reaches only 25% transfection with 85% cell viability. Moreover, the nature of the alkyl substituents on the phosphonium cations is shown to have an important influence on the transfection efficiency and toxicity of the polyplexes. The present results show that the use of positively charged phosphonium groups is a worthy choice to achieve a good balance between toxicity and transfection efficiency in gene delivery systems.
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26
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Klinger D, Landfester K. Enzymatic- and light-degradable hybrid nanogels: Crosslinking of polyacrylamide with acrylate-functionalized Dextrans containing photocleavable linkers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.25845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Klinger D, Landfester K. Dual Stimuli-Responsive Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) Microgels Based on Photo-Cleavable Cross-Linkers: pH-Dependent Swelling and Light-Induced Degradation. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201706r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Klinger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Soukasene S, Toft DJ, Moyer TJ, Lu H, Lee HK, Standley SM, Cryns VL, Stupp SI. Antitumor activity of peptide amphiphile nanofiber-encapsulated camptothecin. ACS NANO 2011; 5:9113-21. [PMID: 22044255 PMCID: PMC3229267 DOI: 10.1021/nn203343z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembling peptide amphiphile (PA) nanofibers were used to encapsulate camptothecin (CPT), a naturally occurring hydrophobic chemotherapy agent, using a solvent evaporation technique. Encapsulation by PA nanofibers was found to improve the aqueous solubility of the CPT molecule by more than 50-fold. PAs self-assembled into nanofibers in the presence of CPT as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy. Small-angle X-ray scattering results suggest a slight increase in diameter of the nanofiber to accommodate the hydrophobic cargo. In vitro studies using human breast cancer cells show an enhancement in antitumor activity of the CPT when encapsulated by the PA nanofibers. In addition, using a mouse orthotopic model of human breast cancer, treatment with PA nanofiber-encapsulated CPT inhibited tumor growth. These results highlight the potential of this model PA system to be adapted for delivery of hydrophobic therapies to treat a variety of diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Soukasene
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208
| | - Daniel J. Toft
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
- Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Tyson J. Moyer
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208
| | - Hsuming Lu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208
| | - Hyung-Kun Lee
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208
| | - Stephany M. Standley
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208
| | - Vincent L. Cryns
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
- Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208
- Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
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Ulery BD, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Biomedical Applications of Biodegradable Polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE. PART B, POLYMER PHYSICS 2011; 49:832-864. [PMID: 21769165 PMCID: PMC3136871 DOI: 10.1002/polb.22259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1179] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of polymers as biomaterials has greatly impacted the advancement of modern medicine. Specifically, polymeric biomaterials that are biodegradable provide the significant advantage of being able to be broken down and removed after they have served their function. Applications are wide ranging with degradable polymers being used clinically as surgical sutures and implants. In order to fit functional demand, materials with desired physical, chemical, biological, biomechanical and degradation properties must be selected. Fortunately, a wide range of natural and synthetic degradable polymers has been investigated for biomedical applications with novel materials constantly being developed to meet new challenges. This review summarizes the most recent advances in the field over the past 4 years, specifically highlighting new and interesting discoveries in tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret D. Ulery
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Institute of Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Lakshmi S. Nair
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Institute of Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Department of Chemical, Materials & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06268
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Institute of Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Department of Chemical, Materials & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06268
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Clark MR, Aliyar HA, Lee CW, Jay JI, Gupta KM, Watson KM, Stewart RJ, Buckheit RW, Kiser PF. Enzymatic triggered release of an HIV-1 entry inhibitor from prostate specific antigen degradable microparticles. Int J Pharm 2011; 413:10-18. [PMID: 21511017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the design, construction and characterization of the first anti-HIV drug delivery system that is triggered to release its contents in the presence of human semen. Microgel particles were synthesized with a crosslinker containing a peptide substrate for the seminal serine protease prostate specific antigen (PSA) and were loaded with the HIV-1 entry inhibitor sodium poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) (pSS). The particles were composed of N-2-hydroxyproplymethacrylamide and bis-methacrylamide functionalized peptides based on the PSA substrates GISSFYSSK and GISSQYSSK. Exposure to human seminal plasma (HSP) degraded the microgel network and triggered the release of the entrapped antiviral polymer. Particles with the crosslinker composed of the substrate GISSFYSSK showed 17 times faster degradation in seminal plasma than that of the crosslinker composed of GISSQYSSK. The microgel particles containing 1 mol% GISSFYSSK peptide crosslinker showed complete degradation in 30 h in the presence of HSP at 37°C and pSS released from the microgels within 30 min reached a concentration of 10 μg/mL, equivalent to the published IC(90) for pSS. The released pSS inactivated HIV-1 in the presence of HSP. The solid phase synthesis of the crosslinkers, preparation of the particles by inverse microemulsion polymerization, HSP-triggered release of pSS and inactivation of HIV-1 studies are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith R Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Biopolymers Research Building, 20 South 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
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Smith MH, Herman ES, Lyon LA. Network deconstruction reveals network structure in responsive microgels. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:3761-4. [PMID: 21425815 DOI: 10.1021/jp111634k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Detailed characterization of hydrogel particle erosion revealed critical physicochemical differences between spheres, where network decomposition was informative of network structure. Real-time, in situ monitoring of the triggered erosion of colloidal hydrogels (microgels) was performed via multiangle light scattering. The solution-average molar mass and root-mean-square radii of eroding particles were measured as a function of time for microgels prepared from N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) or N-isopropylmethacrylamide (NIPMAm), copolymerized with a chemically labile cross-linker (1,2-dihydroxylethylene)bisacrylamide (DHEA). Precipitation polymerization was employed to yield particles of comparable dimensions but with distinct topological features. Heterogeneous cross-linker incorporation resulted in a heterogeneous network structure for pNIPAm microgels. During the erosion reaction, mass loss proceeded from the exterior toward the interior of the polymer. In contrast, pNIPMAm microgels had a more homogeneous network structure, which resulted in a more uniform mass loss throughout the particle during erosion. Although both particle types degraded into low molar mass products, pNIPAm microgels were incapable of complete dissolution due to the presence of nondegradable cross-links arising from chain transfer and branching during particle synthesis. The observations described herein provide insight into key design parameters associated with the synthesis of degradable hydrogel particles, which may be of use in various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Smith
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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32
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Cho SK, Kwon YJ. Polyamine/DNA polyplexes with acid-degradable polymeric shell as structurally and functionally virus-mimicking nonviral vectors. J Control Release 2011; 150:287-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shuaibu MN, Cherif MS, Kurosaki T, Helegbe GK, Kikuchi M, Yanagi T, Sasaki H, Hirayama K. Effect of nanoparticle coating on the immunogenicity of plasmid DNA vaccine encoding P. yoelii MSP-1 C-terminal. Vaccine 2011; 29:3239-47. [PMID: 21354479 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to assess a new strategy for DNA vaccine formulation and delivery, plasmid encoding Plasmodium yoelii MSP-1 C-terminal was formulated with newly designed nanoparticle-an anionic ternary complex of polyethylenimine and γ-polyglutamic acid (pVAX-MSP-1/PEI/γ-PGA), and intravenously administered to C57BL/6 mice in four different doses, three times at 3-week interval. Antibody response as determined by ELISA, IFA and Western blot, was dose-dependent and subsequent challenge with 10(5)P. yoelii-infected red blood cells revealed 33-60% survival in repeated experiments at a dose of 80 μg pDNA/mouse. IgG subtypes and cytokine levels in the serum and culture supernatants of stimulated spleen cells were also measured. Antigen-specific IgG response provoked by the DNA vaccination was dominated by IgG1 and IgG2b. Although the elevation of IL-12p40 and IFN-γ was marginal (P≥0.354) in the coated group, interleukin-4 levels were significantly higher (P≥0.013) in the coated group than in the naked or control group, suggesting a predominant Th2-type CD4(+) T cell response. These results therefore, overall indicate the possibility of selection and optimization of DNA vaccine formulation for intravenous delivery and may be useful in designing a nanoparticle-coated DNA vaccine that could optimally elicit a desired antibody response for various disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Shuaibu
- Department of Immunogenetics, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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34
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Kim TI, Rothmund T, Kissel T, Kim SW. Bioreducible polymers with cell penetrating and endosome buffering functionality for gene delivery systems. J Control Release 2011; 152:110-9. [PMID: 21352876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bioreducible cationic polymers (p(DAH(a)-R/API(b))s) composed of different ratios (a:b=2:1, 1:1, 1:2) between arginine-grafted diaminohexane (DAH-R) (cell penetrating functionality) and 1-(3-aminopropyl) imidazole (API) (endosome buffering functionality) monomers were synthesized by Michael reaction of N,N'-cystaminebisacrylamide (CBA) with them, in order to study the effect of endosome buffering moiety on arginine-grafted bioreducible polymeric gene carriers. Several experiments displayed a distinct correlation between monomer composition ratios of p(DAH-R/API)s and the polymer features. Increased endosome buffering capacities proportional to API portions was evaluated for p(DAH-R/API)s due to the imidazole group (pKa=6) of API. Increased portions of API non-ionized at physiological pH and resultant decrease of arginine residues also reduced cytotoxicities of the polymers due to less interaction of cellular compartments with less positively charged polymers but decreased pDNA condensing abilities, Zeta-potential values, cellular uptakes of polyplexes, and finally transfection efficiencies as well. Thus, the predominance of arginine residues over endosome buffering moieties was revealed regarding efficient gene delivery for p(DAH-R/API)s. From transfection results with chloroquine or nigericin, it can be deduced that the endosomal escape of p(DAH-R/API) polyplexes occurs by direct endosome membrane penetration of arginine moieties as well as endosome buffering of the polymers after cellular uptake, which emphasizes the importance of arginine moieties for polymeric gene delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-il Kim
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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35
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van den Berg JH, Nuijen B, Schumacher TN, Haanen JBAG, Storm G, Beijnen JH, Hennink WE. Synthetic vehicles for DNA vaccination. J Drug Target 2010; 18:1-14. [PMID: 19814658 DOI: 10.3109/10611860903278023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccination is an attractive immunization method able to induce robust cellular immune responses in pre-clinical models. However, clinical DNA vaccination trials performed thus far have resulted in marginal responses. Consequently, strategies are currently under development to improve the efficacy of DNA vaccines. A promising strategy is the use of synthetic particle formulations as carrier systems for DNA vaccines. This review discusses commonly used synthetic carriers for DNA vaccination and provides an overview of in vivo studies that use this strategy. Future recommendations on particle characteristics, target cell types and evaluation models are suggested for the potential improvement of current and novel particle delivery systems. Finally, hurdles which need to be tackled for clinical evaluation of these systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost H van den Berg
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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36
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Tan JP, Tan MB, Tam MK. Application of nanogel systems in the administration of local anesthetics. Local Reg Anesth 2010; 3:93-100. [PMID: 22915875 PMCID: PMC3417954 DOI: 10.2147/lra.s7977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanogels are robust nanoparticles that could be used to deliver active drug compounds in controlled drug delivery applications. This review discusses the design, synthesis, loading, and release of local anesthetics using polymeric nanoparticles produced via various types of polymerization techniques. The strategy of using layer-by-layer approach to control the burst release of procaine hydrochloride (PrHy; a local anesthetic drug of the amino ester group) is described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Pk Tan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
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37
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Cohen JA, Beaudette TT, Cohen JL, Broaders KE, Bachelder EM, Fréchet JMJ. Acetal-modified dextran microparticles with controlled degradation kinetics and surface functionality for gene delivery in phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:3593-7. [PMID: 20518040 PMCID: PMC3379559 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
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38
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Oh JK. Engineering of nanometer-sized cross-linked hydrogels for biomedical applications. CAN J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1139/v09-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microgels/nanogels (micro/nanogels) are promising drug-delivery systems (DDS) because of their unique properties, including tunable chemical and physical structures, good mechanical properties, high water content, and biocompatibility. They also feature sizes tunable to tens of nanometers, large surface areas, and interior networks. These properties demonstrate the great potential of micro/nanogels for drug delivery, tissue engineering, and bionanotechnology. This mini-review describes the current approaches for the preparation and engineering of effective micro/nanogels for drug-delivery applications. It emphasizes issues of degradability and bioconjugation, as well as loading/encapsulation and release of therapeutics from customer-designed micro/nanogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Kwon Oh
- Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI 48674, USA. (e-mail: )
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Liu Y, Ibricevic A, Cohen JA, Cohen JL, Gunsten SP, Fréchet JMJ, Walter MJ, Welch MJ, Brody SL. Impact of hydrogel nanoparticle size and functionalization on in vivo behavior for lung imaging and therapeutics. Mol Pharm 2010; 6:1891-902. [PMID: 19852512 DOI: 10.1021/mp900215p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymer chemistry offers the possibility of synthesizing multifunctional nanoparticles which incorporate moieties that enhance diagnostic and therapeutic targeting of cargo delivery to the lung. However, since rules for predicting particle behavior following modification are not well-defined, it is essential that probes for tracking fate in vivo are also included. Accordingly, we designed polyacrylamide-based hydrogel particles of differing sizes, functionalized with a nona-arginine cell-penetrating peptide (Arg(9)), and labeled with imaging components to assess lung retention and cellular uptake after intratracheal administration. Radiolabeled microparticles (1-5 microm diameter) and nanoparticles (20-40 nm diameter) without and with Arg(9) showed diffuse airspace distribution by positron emission tomography imaging. Biodistribution studies revealed that particle clearance and extrapulmonary distribution was, in part, size dependent. Microparticles were rapidly cleared by mucociliary routes but, unexpectedly, also through the circulation. In contrast, nanoparticles had prolonged lung retention enhanced by Arg(9) and were significantly restricted to the lung. For all particle types, uptake was predominant in alveolar macrophages and, to a lesser extent, lung epithelial cells. In general, particles did not induce local inflammatory responses, with the exception of microparticles bearing Arg(9). Whereas microparticles may be advantageous for short-term applications, nanosized particles constitute an efficient high-retention and non-inflammatory vehicle for the delivery of diagnostic imaging agents and therapeutics to lung airspaces and alveolar macrophages that can be enhanced by Arg(9). Importantly, our results show that minor particle modifications may significantly impact in vivo behavior within the complex environments of the lung, underscoring the need for animal modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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40
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Smith MH, South AB, Gaulding JC, Lyon LA. Monitoring the erosion of hydrolytically-degradable nanogels via multiangle light scattering coupled to asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation. Anal Chem 2010; 82:523-30. [PMID: 20000662 PMCID: PMC2810709 DOI: 10.1021/ac901725m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and characterization of degradable nanogels that display bulk erosion under physiologic conditions (pH = 7.4, 37 degrees C). Erodible poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) nanogels were synthesized by copolymerization with N,O-(dimethacryloyl) hydroxylamine, a cross-linker previously used in the preparation of nontoxic and biodegradable bulk hydrogels. To monitor particle degradation, we employed multiangle light scattering and differential refractometry detection following asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation. This approach allowed the detection of changes in nanogel molar mass and topology as a function of both temperature and pH. Particle erosion was evident from both an increase in nanogel swelling and a decrease in scattering intensity as a function of time. Following these analyses, the samples were recovered for subsequent characterization by direct particle tracking, which yields hydrodynamic size measurements and enables number density determination. Additionally, we confirmed the conservation of nanogel stimuli-responsivity through turbidity measurements. Thus, we have demonstrated the synthesis of degradable nanogels that erode under conditions and on time scales that are relevant for many drug delivery applications. The combined separation and light scattering detection method is demonstrated to be a versatile means to monitor erosion and should also find applicability in the characterization of other degradable particle constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Smith
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Antoinette B. South
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jeffrey C. Gaulding
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - L. Andrew Lyon
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
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43
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Kim TI, Lee M, Kim SW. A guanidinylated bioreducible polymer with high nuclear localization ability for gene delivery systems. Biomaterials 2009; 31:1798-804. [PMID: 19854504 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Guanidinylated bioreducible polymer (GBP) was developed for gene delivery systems utilizing cellular penetrating ability of guanidine groups. GBP could retard pDNA from a weight ratio of 5 completely in agarose gel electrophoresis but pDNA was released from GBP polyplexes even at a weight ratio of 20 in reducing condition (2.5mm DTT) due to their biodegradation. GBP also could construct 200 nm-sized and positively charged (approximately 30 mV) polyplex nanoparticles with pDNA. The cytotoxicity of GBP was found to be minimal and GBP showed about 8 folds improved transfection efficiency than a scaffold polymer, poly(cystaminebisacrylamide-diaminohexane) (poly(CBA-DAH)) and even higher transfection efficiency than PEI25k in mammalian cell lines. Its high cellular uptake efficiency (96.1%) and strong nuclear localization ability for pDNA delivery due to the structural advantage of bioreducible polymer and guanidine groups were also identified, suggesting GBP is a promising candidate for efficient gene delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-il Kim
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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44
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Oh JK, Bencherif SA, Matyjaszewski K. Atom transfer radical polymerization in inverse miniemulsion: A versatile route toward preparation and functionalization of microgels/nanogels for targeted drug delivery applications. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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45
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Nagahama K, Hashizume M, Yamamoto H, Ouchi T, Ohya Y. Hydrophobically modified biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers that form temperature-responsive Nanogels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:9734-9740. [PMID: 19705882 DOI: 10.1021/la901092x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable copolymers consisting of a hydrophilic poly[l-aspartic acid-alt-poly(ethylene glycol)] (poly(l-Asp-alt-PEG)) backbone and hydrophobic capryl units as side chains were synthesized. The amphiphilic copolymer was found to form nanosized hydrogel particles (nanogels) of approximately 15 nm in size by self-assembly at 20 degrees C in aqueous media, and the nanogel solutions displayed phase-transition in response to temperature. The transition of the nanogel solution was reversible and tunable in the range from 19 to 55 degrees C by variation of the amounts of capryl units introduced and the solution concentration. The nanogels were gradually degraded within days in a phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at 37 degrees C. Temperature-responsive biodegradable nanogel systems consisting of biocompatible PEG may have potential utility for high biocompatibility temperature-responsive nanodevices such as microreactor systems, molecular-chaperones, and drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nagahama
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering and High Technology Research Center, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
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Abstract
Silicon and its oxides are widely used in biomaterials research, tissue engineering and drug delivery. These materials are highly biocompatible, easily surface functionalized, degrade into nontoxic silicic acid and can be processed into various forms such as micro- and nano-particles, monoliths, membranes and micromachined structures. The large surface area of porous forms of silicon and silica (up to 1200 m2/g) permits high drug loadings. The degradation kinetics of silicon- and silica-based materials can be tailored by coating or grafting with polymers. Incorporation of polymers also improves control over drug-release kinetics. The use of stimuli-responsive polymers has enabled environmental stimuli-triggered drug release. Simultaneously, silicon microfabrication techniques have facilitated the development of sophisticated implantable drug-delivery microdevices. This paper reviews the synthesis, novel properties and biomedical applications of silicon–polymer hybrid materials with particular emphasis on drug delivery. The biocompatible and bioresorptive properties of mesoporous silica and porous silicon make these materials attractive candidates for use in biomedical applications. The combination of polymers with silicon-based materials has generated a large range of novel hybrid materials tailored to applications in localized and systemic drug delivery.
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Siegwart DJ, Srinivasan A, Bencherif SA, Karunanidhi A, Oh JK, Vaidya S, Jin R, Hollinger JO, Matyjaszewski K. Cellular uptake of functional nanogels prepared by inverse miniemulsion ATRP with encapsulated proteins, carbohydrates, and gold nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:2300-9. [PMID: 19572639 PMCID: PMC5305297 DOI: 10.1021/bm9004904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was used to produce a versatile drug delivery system capable of encapsulating a range of molecules. Inverse miniemulsion ATRP permitted the synthesis of biocompatible and uniformly cross-linked poly(ethylene oxide)-based nanogels entrapping gold nanoparticles, bovine serum albumin, rhodamine B isothiocyanate-dextran, or fluoresceine isothiocyanate-dextran. These moieties were entrapped to validate several biological outcomes and to model delivery of range of molecules. Cellular uptake of nanogels was verified by transmission electron microscopy, gel electrophoresis, Western blotting, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. Fluorescent colocalization of nanogels with a fluorophore-conjugated antibody for clathrin indicated clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, internalization of nanogels either with or without GRGDS cell attachment-mediating peptides was quantified using flow cytometry. After 45 min of incubation, the uptake of unmodified FITC-Dx-loaded nanogels was 62%, whereas cellular uptake increased to >95% with the same concentration of GRGDS-modified FITC-Dx nanogels. In addition, a spheroidal coculture of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) validated cell endocytosis. Application of ATRP enabled the synthesis of a functionalized drug delivery system with a uniform network that is capable of encapsulating and delivering inorganic, organic, and biological molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Siegwart
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Abiraman Srinivasan
- Bone Tissue Engineering Center, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Anuradha Karunanidhi
- Bone Tissue Engineering Center, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Jung Kwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Swaroopa Vaidya
- Bone Tissue Engineering Center, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Jeffrey O. Hollinger
- Bone Tissue Engineering Center, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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Kabanov A, Vinogradov S. Nanogele als pharmazeutische Trägersysteme: winzige Netzwerke mit großen Möglichkeiten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Kabanov AV, Vinogradov SV. Nanogels as pharmaceutical carriers: finite networks of infinite capabilities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:5418-29. [PMID: 19562807 PMCID: PMC2872506 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 876] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanogels are swollen nanosized networks composed of hydrophilic or amphiphilic polymer chains. They are developed as carriers for the transport of drugs, and can be designed to spontaneously incorporate biologically active molecules through formation of salt bonds, hydrogen bonds, or hydrophobic interactions. Polyelectrolyte nanogels can readily incorporate oppositely charged low-molecular-mass drugs and biomacromolecules such as oligo- and polynucleotides (siRNA, DNA) as well as proteins. The guest molecules interact electrostatically with the ionic polymer chains of the gel and become bound within the finite nanogel. Multiple chemical functionalities can be employed in the nanogels to introduce imaging labels and to allow targeted drug delivery. The latter can be achieved, for example, with degradable or cleavable cross-links. Recent studies suggest that nanogels have a very promising future in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Kabanov
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830 (United States); Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Serguei V. Vinogradov
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830 (United States)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric E. Simanek
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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