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Arafa WAA, Ghoneim AA, Mourad AK. N-Naphthoyl Thiourea Derivatives: An Efficient Ultrasonic-Assisted Synthesis, Reaction, and In Vitro Anticancer Evaluations. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:6210-6222. [PMID: 35224384 PMCID: PMC8867804 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the optimization of an efficient, mild, and environmentally friendly synthetic approach to access a diverse library of N-naphthoyl thioureas. These derivatives could be exploited as precursor scaffolds for designing valuable heterocycles with anticipated biological activities. Additionally, the utilization of a copper complex derived from the newly synthesized N-naphthoyl thiourea ligand in the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) dye was explored. The antiproliferative effect of the synthesized derivatives was examined against MCF-7, HCT116, and A549 cancer cell lines. Most of the assembled derivatives revealed a significant cytotoxic effect, in some cases, greater than doxorubicin. Of these, the copper complex demonstrated significant antitumor activities (IC50 < 1.3 μM) and lesser cytotoxic impact (IC50 > 76 μM), indicating its possibility as a pioneering candidate for future carcinogenic pharmaceutics. Relations between the structure and activity also have been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Abdelgayed Ahmed Arafa
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P. O. Box 2014, Sakaka 2014 Jouf, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira Atef Ghoneim
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P. O. Box 2014, Sakaka 2014 Jouf, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa K. Mourad
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, P.O. Box 63514, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
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Curcumin encapsulation in functional PLGA nanoparticles: A promising strategy for cancer therapies. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 300:102582. [PMID: 34953375 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have emerged as promising drug delivery systems for the treatment of several diseases. Novel cancer therapies have exploited these particles as alternative adjuvant therapies to overcome the traditional limitations of radio and chemotherapy. Curcumin is a natural bioactive compound found in turmeric, that has been reported to show anticancer activity against several types of tumors. Despite some biological limitations regarding its absorption in the human body, curcumin encapsulation in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), a non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, represents an effective strategy to deliver a drug to a tumor site. Furthermore, PLGA nanoparticles can be engineered with targeting moieties to reach specific cancer cells, thus enhancing the antitumor effects of curcumin. We herein aim to bring an up-to-date summary of the recently developed strategies for curcumin delivery to different types of cancer cells through encapsulation in PLGA nanoparticles, correlating their effects with those of curcumin on the biological capabilities acquired by cancer cells (cancer hallmarks). We discuss the targeting strategies proposed for advanced curcumin delivery and the respective improvements achieved for each cancer cell analyzed, in addition to exploring the encapsulation techniques employed. The conjugation of correct encapsulation techniques with tumor-oriented targeting design can result in curcumin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles that can successfully integrate the elaborate network of development of alternative cancer treatments along with traditional ones. Finally, the current challenges and future demands to launch these nanoparticles in oncology are comprehensively examined.
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Ou Z, Xu M, Gao Y, Hu R, Li Q, Cai W, Wang Z, Qian Y, Yang G. Synthesis, G-quadruplex binding properties and cytotoxicity of naphthalimide–thiourea conjugates. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02366a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogen bonding between a thiourea moiety and a G-quadruplex plays a crucial role in the sequence-specific DNA binding of naphthalimide–thiourea conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhize Ou
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Moheng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Yunyan Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Rui Hu
- CAS Key laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Wenjiao Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Ziji Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Yimeng Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- CAS Key laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Spherulites are onion-like structures composed of phospholipids and excipients. Initially discovered in an academic laboratory, these autoassembled nano-objects have been developed further by the start-up Capsulis (Bordeaux, France), and commercialized for veterinary and dermatological applications. Owing to economical strategies, the development of these objects have not been pursued, however, they are very interesting systems, which should be exploited further. The autoassembly of amphiphiles followed by a shear stress allows the formation of nano- to micrometer range nanoparticles, which could be interesting either for systemic or local delivery. Small molecules to macromolecules have been encapsulated in spherulites in the nanometer range. All have shown promising results. Hence, spherulite-encapsulated oligonucleotides have shown increased cell internalization. DNA was shown to be encapsulated in these neutral nanoparticles. Proof-of-concept of protein encapsulation was obtained leading to immune stimulation. This review summarizes the different ways to obtain spherulites, the results of the various investigations performed to date and indicates the limits and the interests of theses nanocarriers and proposes future prospects.
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Seguin J, Dhotel H, Kai-Luen R, Bessodes M, Mignet N. Fine tuning of mixed ionic and hydrogen bond interactions for plasmid delivery using lipoplexes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 90:63-9. [PMID: 25448076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Non viral gene transfection has been mostly reached via cationic polymer and lipid, required for DNA complexation and cell internalisation. However, cationic charges often induce cytotoxicity and limit the efficacy of the lipoplexes in vivo due to their fast elimination from the blood stream. Few years ago, we had developed noncationic lipid interacting with DNA via hydrogen bond interactions. To take advantage of both the internalisation efficacy of cationic complexes and the higher DNA release efficacy of non cationic lipids, we chose to mix both ionic and hydrogen bond interactions within one lipoplex. The idea behind this strategy would be to reduce the overall charge while maintaining a high level of transfection. Four mixed formulations of cationic lipid and thiourea lipid were prepared. We found that decreasing ionic interactions and increasing hydrogen bond interactions improved cationic lipoplexes properties. Indeed, we showed that replacement of net positive charges by hydrogen bond interactions with DNA phosphates led to efficient lipoplexes for in vitro DNA transfection at lower cationic charge content, which consequently reduced lipoplex cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Seguin
- Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Team Vectors for Targeted Therapy and Molecular Imaging, CNRS UMR 8258, INSERM U1022, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Hélène Dhotel
- Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Team Vectors for Targeted Therapy and Molecular Imaging, CNRS UMR 8258, INSERM U1022, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - René Kai-Luen
- Cell and Molecular Imaging Platform, CRP2 - UMS 3612 CNRS - US25 Inserm-IRD - Université Paris Descartes Paris Sorbonne Cité, Faculty of Pharmacy, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Michel Bessodes
- Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Team Vectors for Targeted Therapy and Molecular Imaging, CNRS UMR 8258, INSERM U1022, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Team Vectors for Targeted Therapy and Molecular Imaging, CNRS UMR 8258, INSERM U1022, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France.
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6
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Zhao Y, Lin D, Wu F, Guo L, He G, Ouyang L, Song X, Huang W, Li X. Discovery and in vivo evaluation of novel RGD-modified lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:17565-76. [PMID: 25268623 PMCID: PMC4227178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151017565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, the lipid-shell and polymer-core hybrid nanoparticles (lpNPs) modified by Arg–Gly–Asp(RGD) peptide, loaded with curcumin (Cur), were developed by emulsification-solvent volatilization method. The RGD-modified hybrid nanoparticles (RGD–lpNPs) could overcome the poor water solubility of Cur to meet the requirement of intravenous administration and tumor active targeting. The obtained optimal RGD-lpNPs, composed of PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid))–mPEG (methoxyl poly(ethylene- glycol)), RGD–polyethylene glycol (PEG)–cholesterol (Chol) copolymers and lipids, had good entrapment efficiency, submicron size and negatively neutral surface charge. The core-shell structure of RGD–lpNPs was verified by TEM. Cytotoxicity analysis demonstrated that the RGD–lpNPs encapsulated Cur retained potent anti-tumor effects. Flow cytometry analysis revealed the cellular uptake of Cur encapsulated in the RGD–lpNPs was increased for human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Furthermore, Cur loaded RGD–lpNPs were more effective in inhibiting tumor growth in a subcutaneous B16 melanoma tumor model. The results of immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical studies by Cur loaded RGD–lpNPs therapies indicated that more apoptotic cells, fewer microvessels, and fewer proliferation-positive cells were observed. In conclusion, RGD–lpNPs encapsulating Cur were developed with enhanced anti-tumor activity in melanoma, and Cur loaded RGD–lpNPs represent an excellent tumor targeted formulation of Cur which might be an attractive candidate for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinbo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Pharmacy and Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Dayong Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Fengbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Pharmacy and Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Li Guo
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Gu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Pharmacy and Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Pharmacy and Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiangrong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Pharmacy and Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Pharmacy and Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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7
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Li QL, Gu WX, Gao H, Yang YW. Self-assembly and applications of poly(glycidyl methacrylate)s and their derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:13201-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03036b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Zeng S, Wu F, Li B, Song X, Zheng Y, He G, Peng C, Huang W. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of a novel amphiphilic polymer RGD-PEG-Chol for target drug delivery system. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:546176. [PMID: 24578646 PMCID: PMC3918714 DOI: 10.1155/2014/546176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An amphiphilic polymer RGD-PEG-Chol which can be produced in large scale at a very low cost has been synthesized successfully. The synthesized intermediates and final products were characterized and confirmed by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (¹H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). The paclitaxel- (PTX-) loaded liposomes based on RGD-PEG-Chol were then prepared by film formation method. The liposomes had a size within 100 nm and significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of paclitaxel to B16F10 cell as demonstrated by MTT test (IC₅₀ = 0.079 μg/mL of RGD-modified PTX-loaded liposomes compared to 9.57 μg/mL of free PTX). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the cellular uptake of coumarin encapsulated in the RGD-PEG-Chol modified liposome was increased for HUVEC cells. This work provides a reasonable, facile, and economic approach to prepare peptide-modified liposome materials with controllable performances and the obtained linear RGD-modified PTX-loaded liposomes might be attractive as a drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Fengbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiangrong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Gu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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Li Y, Tian H, Ding J, Dong X, Chen J, Chen X. Thiourea modified polyethylenimine for efficient gene delivery mediated by the combination of electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01781h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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García Fernández JM, Benito JM, Ortiz Mellet C. Cyclodextrin-scaffolded glycotransporters for gene delivery. PURE APPL CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-12-10-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Conventional drugs consist of a formulation of a bioactive species and a carrier, the former accounting for most of the sophistication of the design. In the case of biomolecular drugs, however, the role of the carrier becomes decisive in enabling the load to reach its target to carry out its designed therapeutic function. Thus, the clinical success of gene therapy, where the active principles are nucleic acids, critically depends on the use of efficient and safe delivery systems. Carbohydrates have proven particularly useful in this regard. Glycocoating, similarly to poly(ethylene)glycol (PEG)-coating (pegylation), can stabilize colloidal aggregates by improving solvation and preventing nonspecific interactions, for example, with serum proteins. Moreover, glycoconjugates can drive specific recognition and receptor-mediated internalization in target cells. Actually, the inherent flexibility of carbohydrate and glycoconjugate chemistry has greatly contributed to enlarging the range of functional materials that can be rationally conceived for gene delivery. Herein, this is illustrated with selected examples that focus on controlling the architectural parameters of the vectors to make them suitable for structure–activity relationship (SAR) and optimization studies. The members of the cyclomaltooligosaccharide (cyclodextrin, CD) family will be the central actors of the story.
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11
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Li C, Yang YW, Liang ZX, Wu GL, Gao H. Post-modification of poly(glycidyl methacrylate)s with alkyl amine and isothiocyanate for effective pDNA delivery. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00573a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Bienvenu C, Martínez Á, Jiménez Blanco JL, Di Giorgio C, Vierling P, Ortiz Mellet C, Defaye J, García Fernández JM. Polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrins as gene vectors: effect of the macrocyclic ring size on the DNA complexing and delivery properties. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5570-81. [PMID: 22733369 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25786f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bienvenu
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis - CNRS, 28, Avenue de Valrose, F-06100 Nice, France
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Lipothioureas as Lipids for Gene Transfection: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2011; 4:1381-1399. [PMID: 27721329 PMCID: PMC4060130 DOI: 10.3390/ph4101381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-viral gene therapy requires innovative strategies to achieve higher transfection efficacy. A few years ago, our group proposed bioinspired lipids whose interaction with DNA was not based on ionic interactions, but on hydrogen bonds. We thus developed lipids bearing a thiourea head which allowed an interaction with DNA phosphates through hydrogen bonds. After a proof of concept with a lipid bearing three thiourea functions, a molecular and cellular screening was performed by varying all parts of the lipids: the hydrophobic anchor, the spacer, the linker, and the thiourea head. Two lipothiourea-based structures were identified as highly efficient in vitro transfecting agents. The lipothioureas were shown to reduce non specific interactions with cell membranes and deliver their DNA content intracellularly more efficiently, as compared to cationic lipoplexes. These lipids could deliver siRNA efficiently and allowed specific cell targeting in vitro. In vivo, thiourea lipoplexes presented a longer retention time in the blood and less accumulation in the lungs after an intravenous injection in mice. They also induced luciferase gene expression in muscle and tumor after local administration in mice. Therefore, these novel lipoplexes represent an excellent alternative to cationic lipoplexes as transfecting agents. In this review we will focus on the structure activity studies that permitted the identification of the two most efficient thiourea lipids.
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Méndez-Ardoy A, Guilloteau N, Di Giorgio C, Vierling P, Santoyo-González F, Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM. β-Cyclodextrin-Based Polycationic Amphiphilic “Click” Clusters: Effect of Structural Modifications in Their DNA Complexing and Delivery Properties. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5882-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2007785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Méndez-Ardoy
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nicolas Guilloteau
- LCMBA UMR 6001CNRS - Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis 28, Avenue de Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Christophe Di Giorgio
- LCMBA UMR 6001CNRS - Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis 28, Avenue de Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Pierre Vierling
- LCMBA UMR 6001CNRS - Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis 28, Avenue de Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Francisco Santoyo-González
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M. García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, A2mérico Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Abstract
Integrins have become key targets for molecular imaging and for selective delivery of anti-cancer agents. Here we review recent work concerning the targeted delivery of antisense and siRNA oligonucleotides via integrins. A variety of approaches have been used to link oligonucleotides to ligands capable of binding integrins with high specificity and affinity. This includes direct chemical conjugation, incorporating oligonucleotides into lipoplexes, and use of various polymeric nanocarriers including dendrimers. The ligand-oligonucleotide conjugate or complex associates selectively with the integrin, followed by internalization into endosomes and trafficking through subcellular compartments. Escape of antisense or siRNA from the endosome to the cytosol and nucleus may come about through endogenous trafficking mechanisms, or because of membrane disrupting capabilities built into the conjugate or complex. Thus a variety of useful strategies are available for using integrins to enhance the pharmacological efficacy of therapeutic oligonucleotides.
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Nucleic acids such as plasmid DNA, antisense oligonucleotide, and RNA interference (RNAi) molecules, have a great potential to be used as therapeutics for the treatment of various genetic and acquired diseases. To design a successful nucleic acid delivery system, the pharmacological effect of nucleic acids, the physiological condition of the subjects or sites, and the physicochemical properties of nucleic acid and carriers have to be thoroughly examined. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW The commonly used lipids, polymers and corresponding delivery systems are reviewed in terms of their characteristics, applications, advantages and limitations. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This article aims to provide an overview of biological barriers and strategies to overcome these barriers by properly designing effective synthetic carriers for nucleic acid delivery. TAKE HOME MESSAGE A thorough understanding of biological barriers and the structure-activity relationship of lipid and polymeric carriers is the key for effective nucleic acid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 South Manassas St, Cancer Research Building RM 226, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
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Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM, Benito JM. Cyclodextrin-based gene delivery systems. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 40:1586-608. [PMID: 21042619 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00019a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin (CD) history has been largely dominated by their unique ability to form inclusion complexes with guests fitting in their hydrophobic cavity. Chemical funcionalization was soon recognized as a powerful mean for improving CD applications in a wide range of fields, including drug delivery, sensing or enzyme mimicking. However, 100 years after their discovery, CDs are still perceived as novel nanoobjects of undeveloped potential. This critical review provides an overview of different strategies to promote interactions between CD conjugates and genetic material by fully exploiting the inside-outside/upper-lower face anisotropy of the CD nanometric platform. Covalent modification, self-assembling and supramolecular ligation can be put forward with the ultimate goal to build artificial viruses for programmed and efficient gene therapy (222 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 553, E-41071 Sevilla, Spain.
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Breton M, Leblond J, Seguin J, Midoux P, Scherman D, Herscovici J, Pichon C, Mignet N. Comparative gene transfer between cationic and thiourea lipoplexes. J Gene Med 2010; 12:45-54. [PMID: 19937995 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously developed lipopolythiourea lipids as neutral DNA condensing agents for systemic gene delivery. Optimization of the lipopolythiourea structure led to efficient transfecting agents. To further evaluate these lipids, we investigated the internalization process of the thiourea lipoplexes and their intracellular mechanism of transfection versus that of cationic lipoplexes. METHODS The MTT test was used for cytotoxicity assessment. Transfection efficiency was determined by luciferase read-out. Permeation to propidium iodide and enhanced green fluorescent protein was evaluated by flow cytometry. Kinetics of internalization and DNA release were monitored by confocal microscopy with labelled DNA. Endocytosis inhibitors were used to study the mechanisms of lipoplex internalization. RESULTS Although thiourea/DNA complexes exhibit an almost similar level of transfection compared to that of cationic complexes, the thiourea lipoplexes were shown to be six-fold less internalized. Complexes were able to permeabilize the cytoplasmic membrane to 30 kDa molecules. Finally, DNA was shown to be released in less than 10 min in the cellular cytoplasm versus 30 min for cationic lipoplexes. CONCLUSIONS Despite a weaker internalization compared to cationic lipids, the thiourea lipoplexes were able to transfect cells at a similar level as a result of its greater ability to destabilize the cytoplasmic membrane and release DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Breton
- Inserm, U640, CNRS, UMR8151, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
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19
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Lipopolythiourea/DNA interaction: a biophysical study. Biophys Chem 2010; 148:68-73. [PMID: 20227164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 02/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolythioureas (LPT) are original non cationic systems representing an alternative to cationic lipids. Their high transfection efficiency prompted us to investigate further their biophysical properties, and in particular how thiourea lipids interact with DNA. The interaction of lipopolythiourea with DNA was investigated by fluorescence correlation microscopy (FCS). Influence of the lipid length and nature of the thiourea head on the thiourea/DNA interaction were studied. FCS revealed a strong interaction between lipopolythiourea and DNA, occurring at 1 equivalent of a thiourea lipid by a DNA phosphate group, and leading to a condensed plasmid state. From previous in vitro experiments, we could conclude that the lipid leading to the more condensed state of DNA was also the more efficient to transfect cells.
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Polycationic Amphiphilic Cyclodextrins for Gene Delivery: Synthesis and Effect of Structural Modifications on Plasmid DNA Complex Stability, Cytotoxicity, and Gene Expression. Chemistry 2009; 15:12871-88. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Breton M, Bessodes M, Bouaziz S, Herscovici J, Scherman D, Mignet N. Iminothiol/thiourea tautomeric equilibrium in thiourea lipids impacts DNA compaction by inducing a cationic nucleation for complex assembly. Biophys Chem 2009; 145:7-16. [PMID: 19744766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Our research on lipidic vectors for transfection led us to develop thiourea lipids able to interact with DNA. Hence, we developed a series of lipopolythioureas based on the strong hydrogen bond donor ability of thiourea. More recently we have reported a branched hydroxylated bis-thiourea derivative with interesting transfecting properties. The last step of the syntheses involved a strong acidic condition, leading to an unstable product upon storage. Therefore we designed a new synthesis in mild acidic conditions. Though they exhibit the same mass, the lipids obtained in the two different conditions differ by their interaction with DNA. We therefore explored the physicochemical properties of these two lipids by different means that we describe in this article. In order to insure easier and reliable (13)C-NMR studies of the thiourea group we have designed the synthesis of the corresponding (13)C-labeled thiourea lipids. We have thus shown that when the lipid was submitted to mildly acidic medium; only the thiourea group was observed; while a thiourea/charged and/or uncharged iminothiol tautomeric equilibrium formed when the last step of the synthesis was submitted to low pH. NMR experiments showed that this tautomeric equilibrium could not form in polar solvents. However, UV experiments on the liposomal form of the lipopolythiourea showed the presence of the tautomers. Lipid/DNA interaction consequently differed according to the acidic treatment applied. Eventually, these results revealed that on this particular thiourea lipid, electrostatic interactions due to cationic thioureas are likely to be responsible for DNA compaction and that this tautomeric form of the thiourea could be stabilised by hydrogen bonds in a supramolecular assembly. Nevertheless, this does not reflect a general thiourea lipid/DNA interaction as other thiourea lipids that are able to compact DNA do not undergo an acidic treatment during the final stage of their synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Breton
- Inserm U640, CNRS UMR8151, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie, 4 rue de l'observatoire, 75005 Paris, France
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Ragusa A, García I, Penadés S. Nanoparticles as nonviral gene delivery vectors. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2008; 6:319-30. [PMID: 18217625 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2007.908996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy, as therapeutic treatment to genetic or acquired diseases, is attracting much interest in the research community, leading to noteworthy developments over the past two decades. Although this field is still dominated by viral vectors, nonviral vectors have recently received an ever increasing attention in order to overcome the safety problems of their viral counterpart. This review presents the biological aspects involved in the gene delivery process and explores the recent developments and achievements of nonviral gene carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ragusa
- Laboratory of Glyconanotechnology, IIQ-CSIC, Americo Vespucio 49, 41092 Seville, Spain.
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Díaz-Moscoso A, Balbuena P, Gómez-García M, Ortiz Mellet C, Benito JM, Le Gourriérec L, Di Giorgio C, Vierling P, Mazzaglia A, Micali N, Defaye J, García Fernández JM. Rational design of cationic cyclooligosaccharides as efficient gene delivery systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:2001-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b718672j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Leblond J, Mignet N, Largeau C, Seguin J, Scherman D, Herscovici J. Lipopolythiourea Transfecting Agents: Lysine Thiourea Derivatives. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 19:306-14. [DOI: 10.1021/bc7001924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Leblond
- Inserm, U640, Paris F-75006, France, CNRS, UMR8151, Paris F-75006, France, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Paris F-75005, France, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, France, Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris F-75270, France, and Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre, CNRS, FR 2769, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Inserm, U640, Paris F-75006, France, CNRS, UMR8151, Paris F-75006, France, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Paris F-75005, France, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, France, Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris F-75270, France, and Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre, CNRS, FR 2769, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Céline Largeau
- Inserm, U640, Paris F-75006, France, CNRS, UMR8151, Paris F-75006, France, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Paris F-75005, France, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, France, Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris F-75270, France, and Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre, CNRS, FR 2769, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Johanne Seguin
- Inserm, U640, Paris F-75006, France, CNRS, UMR8151, Paris F-75006, France, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Paris F-75005, France, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, France, Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris F-75270, France, and Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre, CNRS, FR 2769, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Inserm, U640, Paris F-75006, France, CNRS, UMR8151, Paris F-75006, France, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Paris F-75005, France, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, France, Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris F-75270, France, and Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre, CNRS, FR 2769, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Jean Herscovici
- Inserm, U640, Paris F-75006, France, CNRS, UMR8151, Paris F-75006, France, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Paris F-75005, France, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, France, Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris F-75270, France, and Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre, CNRS, FR 2769, Paris F-75005, France
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