1
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Gonnot C, Scalabrini M, Roubinet B, Ziane C, Boeda F, Deniaud D, Landemarre L, Gouin SG, Fontaine L, Montembault V. ROMP-based Glycopolymers with High Affinity for Mannose-Binding Lectins. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3689-3699. [PMID: 37471408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined, highly reactive poly(norbornenyl azlactone)s of controlled length (number-average degree of polymerization D P n ¯ = 10 to 1,000) were made by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of pure exo-norbornenyl azlactone. These were converted into glycopolymers using a facile postpolymerization modification (PPM) strategy based on click aminolysis of azlactone side groups by amino-functionalized glycosides. Pegylated mannoside, heptyl-mannoside, and pegylated glucoside were used in the PPM. Binding inhibition of the resulting glycopolymers was evaluated against a lectin panel (Bc2L-A, FimH, langerin, DC-SIGN, ConA). Inhibition profiles depended on the sugars and the degrees of polymerization. Glycopolymers from pegylated-mannoside-functionalized polynorbornene, with D P n ¯ = 100, showed strong binding inhibition, with subnanomolar range inhibitory concentrations (IC50s). Polymers surpassed the inhibitory potential of their monovalent analogues by four to five orders of magnitude thanks to a multivalent (synergistic) effect. Sugar-functionalized poly(norbornenyl azlactone)s are therefore promising tools to study multivalent carbohydrate-lectin interactions and for applications against lectin-promoted bacterial/viral binding to host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Gonnot
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 France
| | | | | | - Célia Ziane
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 France
| | - Fabien Boeda
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 France
| | - David Deniaud
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Laurent Fontaine
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 France
| | - Véronique Montembault
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 France
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2
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Huang L, Carter MJ, Pelet JM, Putnam D. An amphiphilic polymer for the synthesis of diverse polymer libraries exemplified using conjugates with lower critical solution temperatures that span water's liquid state. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Huang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Madeline J. Carter
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Jeisa M. Pelet
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - David Putnam
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
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3
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Zhang X, Li Z, Lin S, Théato P. Fibrous Materials Based on Polymeric Salicyl Active Esters as Efficient Adsorbents for Selective Removal of Anionic Dye. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:21100-21113. [PMID: 32281366 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To increase the performance efficiency and decrease the costs for organic dye wastewater purification, two fibrous adsorbents based on polymeric salicyl active esters were developed by means of a simple two-step approach. For the first time, salicyl-based active ester polymers were electrospun into fibrous membranes and subsequently postmodified with the desired functional groups under simple and mild reaction conditions. The morphology of the produced fibrous adsorbents was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the surface properties were analyzed by nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms and contact angle measurements, and the completeness of the postmodification process was determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and elemental analyses. The adsorbents were further tested for their adsorption and selectivity performance of different organic dyes as well as for their recyclability. To explore the adsorption mechanism, four kinetic models and three isotherm models were used to analyze the adsorption data. The results indicated that the fibrous adsorbents showed an extremely high adsorption capacity for the anionic dye methyl blue. The fibrous adsorbents were also able to selectively adsorb anionic dyes from a mixture of anionic and cationic dyes, and they could be recycled at least 10 times. The simple and cost-efficient development process of these fibrous adsorbents and their excellent performance make them promising materials for further research and application in the area of water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zengwen Li
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Shaojian Lin
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Théato
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institute for Biological Interfaces III, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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4
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Mai BT, Barthel MJ, Lak A, Avellini T, Panaite AM, Rodrigues EM, Goldoni L, Pellegrino T. Photo-induced copper mediated copolymerization of activated-ester methacrylate polymers and their use as reactive precursors to prepare multi-dentate ligands for the water transfer of inorganic nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00212g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Polymers bearing activated ester groups are synthesized using photo-ATRP and used as precursors for direct synthesis of multi-phosphonic acid functionalized ligands which are able to transfer different nanoparticles with distinct cores into water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh T. Mai
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)
- 16163 Genoa
- Italy
| | | | - Aidin Lak
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)
- 16163 Genoa
- Italy
| | | | | | | | - Luca Goldoni
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)
- 16163 Genoa
- Italy
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5
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Hannewald N, Enke M, Nischang I, Zechel S, Hager MD, Schubert US. Mechanical Activation of Terpyridine Metal Complexes in Polymers. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-019-01274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Ho HT, Bénard A, Forcher G, Le Bohec M, Montembault V, Pascual S, Fontaine L. Azlactone-based heterobifunctional linkers with orthogonal clickable groups: efficient tools for bioconjugation with complete atom economy. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:7124-7128. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01807c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
New azlactone-based heterobifunctional linkers that proceed in orthogonal click-like reactions for chemical ligations in biologically relevant medium without releasing any byproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien The Ho
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans cedex 9
- France
| | - Alexandre Bénard
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans cedex 9
- France
| | - Gwenaël Forcher
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans cedex 9
- France
| | - Maël Le Bohec
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans cedex 9
- France
| | - Véronique Montembault
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans cedex 9
- France
| | - Sagrario Pascual
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans cedex 9
- France
| | - Laurent Fontaine
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans cedex 9
- France
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7
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Wong SY, Putnam D. The stochastic effect of polydispersity on polymeric DNA delivery vectors. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Y. Wong
- Meinig School of Biomedical EngineeringCornell UniversityIthaca New York 14853
| | - David Putnam
- Meinig School of Biomedical EngineeringCornell UniversityIthaca New York 14853
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringCornell UniversityIthaca New York 14853
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8
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Gegenhuber T, Abt D, Welle A, Özbek S, Goldmann AS, Barner-Kowollik C. Spatially resolved photochemical coding of reversibly anchored cysteine-rich domains. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:4993-5000. [PMID: 32264016 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00962c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel methodology to generate recodable surfaces using cysteine-rich domains (CRD) via a combination of photolithography and reversible covalently peptide-driven disulfide formation. Therefore, two 21mer CRD peptide derivatives were synthesized, one bearing an electron deficient fumarate group for immobilization via nitrile imine-ene mediated cycloaddition (NITEC) to a tetrazole-functional surface. Secondly, a bromine moiety is introduced to the CRD for analytic labelling purposes to detect surface encoding. The photolithography is conducted by selectively passivating the surface with a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-fumarate via NITEC using a photomask in a dotted pattern. Consecutively, the CRD-fumarate is immobilized via NITEC adjacent to the PEG-functional areas to the unaffected tetrazole covered surface layer. Subsequently, the CRD-bromide is covalently linked to the CRD-fumarate by forming disulfide bonds under mild reoxidative conditions in a buffer solution. The CRD-bromide is released from the surface upon reduction to recover the prior state of the surface without the bromine marker. The analysis of the CRD precursors is based on electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The surface analytics were carried out via time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), unambiguously verifying the successful immobilization as well as coding and decoding of the CRD-bromide on the surface based on dynamically reversible disulfide bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gegenhuber
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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9
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Blasco E, Sims MB, Goldmann AS, Sumerlin BS, Barner-Kowollik C. 50th Anniversary Perspective: Polymer Functionalization. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Blasco
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie
und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael B. Sims
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Anja S. Goldmann
- School of Chemistry,
Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St., Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie
und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry,
Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St., Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie
und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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10
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Cooper BM, Putnam D. Polymers for siRNA Delivery: A Critical Assessment of Current Technology Prospects for Clinical Application. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1837-1850. [PMID: 33440520 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The number of polymer-based vectors for siRNA delivery in clinical trials lags behind other delivery strategies; however, the molecular architectures and chemical compositions available to polymers make them attractive candidates for further exploration. Polymer vectors are extensively investigated in academic laboratories worldwide with fundamental progress having recently been made in the areas of high-throughput screening, synthetic methods, cellular internalization, endosomal escape and computational prediction and analysis. This review assesses recent advances within the field and highlights relevant developments from within the complementary fields of nanotechnology and protein chemistry with the intent to propose future work that addresses key gaps within the current body of knowledge, potentially advancing the development of the next generation of polymeric vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey M Cooper
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - David Putnam
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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11
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Das A, Theato P. Activated Ester Containing Polymers: Opportunities and Challenges for the Design of Functional Macromolecules. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1434-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Das
- Institute
for Technical and
Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Theato
- Institute
for Technical and
Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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12
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13
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Shi Y, Kunjachan S, Wu Z, Gremse F, Moeckel D, van Zandvoort M, Kiessling F, Storm G, van Nostrum CF, Hennink WE, Lammers T. Fluorophore labeling of core-crosslinked polymeric micelles for multimodal in vivo and ex vivo optical imaging. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:1111-25. [PMID: 25929568 PMCID: PMC4523499 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To enable multimodal in vivo and ex vivo optical imaging of the biodistribution and tumor accumulation of core-crosslinked polymeric micelles (CCPMs). MATERIALS & METHODS mPEG-b-p(HPMAm-Lac)-based polymeric micelles, core-crosslinked via cystamine and covalently labeled with two different fluorophores (Dy-676/488), were synthesized. The CCPMs were intravenously injected into CT26 tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS Upon intravenous injection, the CCPMs accumulated in CT26 tumors reasonably efficiently, with values reaching approximately 4%ID at 24 h. Ex vivo two-photon laser scanning microscopy confirmed efficient extravasation of the image-guided CCPMs out of tumor blood vessels and relatively deep penetration into the tumor interstitium. CONCLUSION CCPMs were labeled with multiple fluorophores, and the results obtained exemplify that combining several different in vivo and ex vivo optical imaging techniques is highly useful for analyzing the biodistribution and tumor accumulation of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sijumon Kunjachan
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zhuojun Wu
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Felix Gremse
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Diana Moeckel
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc van Zandvoort
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelus F. van Nostrum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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14
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Arslan M, Gok O, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Clickable Poly(ethylene glycol)-Based Copolymers Using Azide-Alkyne Click Cycloaddition-Mediated Step-Growth Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arslan
- Department of Chemistry; Bogazici University; Bebek 34342 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ozgul Gok
- Department of Chemistry; Bogazici University; Bebek 34342 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry; Bogazici University; Bebek 34342 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry; Bogazici University; Bebek 34342 Istanbul Turkey
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15
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Ilibi M, de Queiroz TB, Ren J, De Cola L, de Camargo ASS, Eckert H. Luminescent hybrid materials based on covalent attachment of Eu(iii)-tris(bipyridinedicarboxylate) in the mesoporous silica host MCM-41. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:8318-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52096j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Controlled radical copolymerization of acid chloride-containing monomers via RAFT enabled direct synthesis of well-defined reactive polymers and their block polymers which can be readily functionalized further by postpolymerization modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungeun Seo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
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17
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Dhal PK, Polomoscanik SC, Gianolio DA, Starremans PG, Busch M, Alving K, Chen B, Miller RJ. Well-Defined Aminooxy Terminated N-(2-Hydroxypropyl) Methacrylamide Macromers for Site Specific Bioconjugation of Glycoproteins. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:865-77. [DOI: 10.1021/bc300472e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K. Dhal
- Polymer & Biomaterial R&D, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Genzyme Corporation—A Sanofi Company, 270 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Steven C. Polomoscanik
- Polymer & Biomaterial R&D, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Genzyme Corporation—A Sanofi Company, 270 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Diego A. Gianolio
- Polymer & Biomaterial R&D, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Genzyme Corporation—A Sanofi Company, 270 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Patrick G. Starremans
- Polymer & Biomaterial R&D, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Genzyme Corporation—A Sanofi Company, 270 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michelle Busch
- Polymer & Biomaterial R&D, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Genzyme Corporation—A Sanofi Company, 270 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kim Alving
- Polymer & Biomaterial R&D, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Genzyme Corporation—A Sanofi Company, 270 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bo Chen
- Polymer & Biomaterial R&D, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Genzyme Corporation—A Sanofi Company, 270 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robert J. Miller
- Polymer & Biomaterial R&D, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Genzyme Corporation—A Sanofi Company, 270 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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18
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Bañuls MJ, Puchades R, Maquieira Á. Chemical surface modifications for the development of silicon-based label-free integrated optical (IO) biosensors: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 777:1-16. [PMID: 23622959 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing interest has been paid to label-free biosensors in recent years. Among them, refractive index (RI) optical biosensors enable high density and the chip-scale integration of optical components. This makes them more appealing to help develop lab-on-a-chip devices. Today, many RI integrated optical (IO) devices are made using silicon-based materials. A key issue in their development is the biofunctionalization of sensing surfaces because they provide a specific, sensitive response to the analyte of interest. This review critically discusses the biofunctionalization procedures, assay formats and characterization techniques employed in setting up IO biosensors. In addition, it provides the most relevant results obtained from using these devices for real sample biosensing. Finally, an overview of the most promising future developments in the fields of chemical surface modification and capture agent attachment for IO biosensors follows.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-José Bañuls
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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19
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Günay KA, Theato P, Klok HA. Standing on the shoulders of Hermann Staudinger: Post-polymerization modification from past to present. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Arnold RM, Sheppard GR, Locklin J. Comparative Aminolysis Kinetics of Different Active Ester Polymer Brush Platforms in Postpolymerization Modification with Primary and Aromatic Amines. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3005839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle M. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Engineering, and
the Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Gareth R. Sheppard
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Engineering, and
the Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jason Locklin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Engineering, and
the Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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21
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Danial M, Root MJ, Klok HA. Polyvalent side chain peptide-synthetic polymer conjugates as HIV-1 entry inhibitors. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1438-47. [PMID: 22455441 DOI: 10.1021/bm300150q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the synthesis and properties of a series of polyvalent side chain peptide-synthetic polymer conjugates designed to block the CD4 binding site on gp120 and inhibit HIV-1 entry into a host cell. The peptide sequences in the conjugates are based on the CDR H3 region of the neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibody IgG1 b12. Using a consecutive ester-amide/thiol-ene postpolymerization modification strategy, a library of polymer conjugates was prepared. Evaluation of the HIV-1 inhibitory properties revealed that midsized polymer conjugates displayed the highest antiviral activity, while shorter and longer conjugates proved to be less efficacious inhibitors. The lower molecular weight conjugates may not have sufficient length to span the distance between two neighboring gp120 containing spikes, while the higher molecular weight conjugates may be compromised due to a higher entropic penalty that would accompany their binding to the viral envelope. Although the IC(50) values for these polymer conjugates are higher than that of the parent IgG1 b12 antibody, the strategy presented here may represent an interesting antiviral approach due to the attractive properties of such polymer therapeutics (relatively inexpensive production and purification costs, high thermal and chemical stability in storage conditions, long half-life in biological tissues, low immunogenicity, and protection from proteolytic degradation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Danial
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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Sung D, Park S, Jon S. Facile immobilization of biomolecules onto various surfaces using epoxide-containing antibiofouling polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:4507-4514. [PMID: 22309129 DOI: 10.1021/la204898y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The surface modifications of plastic or glass substrate and the subsequent immobilization of biomolecules onto the surfaces has been a central feature of the fabrication of biochips. To this end, we designed and synthesized new epoxide-containing random copolymers that form stable polymer adlayers on plastic or glass surface and subsequently react with amine or sulfhydryl functional groups of biomolecules under aqueous conditions. Epoxide-containing random copolymers were synthesized by radical polymerization of three functional monomers: a monomer acting as an anchor to the surfaces, a PEG group for preventing nonspecific protein adsorption, and an epoxide group for conjugating to biomolecules. Polymer coating layers were facilely formed on cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) or glass substrate by simply dipping each substrate into a solution of each copolymer. The polymer-coated surfaces characterized by a contact angle analyzer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed very low levels of nonspecific immunoglobulin G (IgG) adsorption compared to the uncoated bare surface (control). Using a microcontact printing (μCP) method, antibodies as representative biomolecules could be selectively attached onto the copolymers-coated glass or COC surface with high signal-to-noise ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daekyung Sung
- Department of Medical System Engineering (DMSE), School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Schüwer N, Klok HA. Tuning the pH sensitivity of poly(methacrylic acid) brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:4789-4796. [PMID: 21425827 DOI: 10.1021/la200347u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The pH-induced swelling and collapse of surface-tethered, weak polyelectrolyte brushes is of interest for the development of actuators or to allow pH controlled transport or adsorption. This contribution discusses results of an extensive series of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) experiments that aimed at (i) further understanding the influence of brush thickness and density on the pH responsiveness of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brushes and (ii) developing strategies that allow one to engineer the pH responsiveness and dynamic response range of PMAA based brushes. It was observed that, due to their high grafting density, the apparent pK(a) of surface-tethered PMAA differs from that of the corresponding free polymer in solution and also covers a broader pH range. The pK(a) of the PMAA brushes was found to depend on both brush thickness and density; thicker brushes showed a higher pK(a) value, and brushes of higher density started to swell at higher pH. The second part of the paper demonstrates the feasibility of the N-hydroxysuccinimide-mediated post-polymerization modification to engineer the pH responsiveness of the PMAA brushes. By using appropriate amine functionalized acids, it was possible to tune both the pH of maximum response as well as the dynamic response range of these PMAA based polyelectrolyte brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Schüwer
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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25
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Pelet JM, Putnam D. An in-depth analysis of polymer-analogous conjugation using DMTMM. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:329-37. [PMID: 21309584 DOI: 10.1021/bc100125r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial libraries have become increasingly popular in the field of functional biomaterials. One approach for creating diverse polymer libraries is polymer-analogous conjugation of functional groups to polymer scaffolds. In this study, we show that a water-soluble condensing agent, 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMTMM), can be employed to conjugate two disparate model ligands, d-(+)-galactosamine (Gal) and agmatine (Agm), to the side chains of either poly(methacrylic acid) (pMAA) or poly(acrylic acid) (pAA) at various substitution ratios. The degree of substitution was found to be directly influenced by media pH, polymer concentration, structure of ligands, and polymer precursor. A nearly 2-fold increase in conjugation efficiencies for both ligands to pAA was achieved as compared to pMAA under identical conditions reaching up to 56% and 78% of Gal and Agm of total content, respectively. These two structurally similar polymers showed remarkably different performances, which reveals that the selection of a polymer precursor is crucial for the optimal design of polymeric libraries, particularly when complex structural ligands are involved. The approach employed provides a basis from which larger and more diverse combinatorial libraries of functionalized polymers with multiple moieties can be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeisa M Pelet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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26
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Orozco-Guareño E, Santiago-Gutiérrez F, Morán-Quiroz JL, Hernandez-Olmos SL, Soto V, Cruz WDL, Manríquez R, Gomez-Salazar S. Removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous streams using poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) hydrogels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 349:583-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Orski SV, Fries KH, Sheppard GR, Locklin J. High density scaffolding of functional polymer brushes: surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of active esters. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:2136-2143. [PMID: 20099926 DOI: 10.1021/la902553f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this Article, we describe a method for the polymerization of active esters based on N-hydroxysuccinimide 4-vinyl benzoate (NHS4VB) using surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). Poly(NHS4VB) brushes have high grafting density and a uniform and smooth morphology, and film thickness increases linearly with reaction time. Block copolymer brushes with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, and styrene were synthesized from surface bound poly(NHS4VB) macroinitiators. The active ester brushes show rapid and quantitative conversion under aminolysis conditions with primary amines, which was studied using grazing incidence attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (GATR-FTIR) and UV-vis spectroscopy. UV-vis was also used to quantify the amount of reactive groups in polymer brush layers of differing thickness. Functionalization of the active ester pendant groups with chromophores containing primary amines showed a linear correlation between the amount of chromophore incorporated into the brush layer and brush thickness. Grafting densities as high as 25.7 nmol/cm(2) were observed for a 50 nm brush. Block copolymer brushes with buried active ester functional moieties also undergo quantitative conversion with primary amines as confirmed by GATR-FTIR. We discuss the potential of activated ester brushes as universal scaffolds for sensor and microarray surfaces, where the twofold control of functionalizable active ester polymer and block copolymers provides well-ordered, tunable microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara V Orski
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, and the Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Seo J, Schattling P, Lang T, Jochum F, Nilles K, Theato P, Char K. Covalently bonded layer-by-layer assembly of multifunctional thin films based on activated esters. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:1830-1836. [PMID: 19761256 DOI: 10.1021/la902574z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that chemically stable, multifunctional polymer thin films can be obtained using the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition based on covalent bonds between adsorbing chains. Poly(pentafluorophenyl-4-vinylbenzoate) (P1) or poly(pentafluorophenylacrylate) (P2) polymers were assembled with poly(allyl amine) (PAAm) to yield LbL multilayer films through amide bond formation by the reaction between activated esters of P1 or P2 and amine groups in PAAm, which was quantitatively monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). It was found that the difference in the solubility of P1 and P2 against ethanol, which was used as the solvent for PAAm, during the LbL deposition yields different reaction conversion for the activated esters in either P1 or P2: the reaction conversion of P2 is higher than the conversion with P1. In addition, free (or unreacted) activated esters and amine groups remaining in the PAAm/P1 LbL film were further utilized for the incorporation of multiple functional materials (5-((2-aminoethyl)amino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (EDANS) and Rhodamine B dyes in the present case) by post-treatments in order to further tailor the film properties. It was also demonstrated that the surface functional groups (activated esters) in the LbL films can also be utilized for surface patterning with one functional material, followed by functionalization with a second functional material during the post-treatment throughout the whole film. Finally, the PAAm/P1 and PAAm/P2 LbL films were shown to be quite stable in the extreme pH range, and free-standing films can easily be obtained by the treatment of the films with mild acidic conditions. The versatility of incorporating multiple functional materials into a single multilayer film as well as the excellent physicochemical stability of the covalently bonded multilayer free-standing films proves to be quite useful to design flexible and multifunctional thin film structures for many chemical and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhwa Seo
- Center for Functional Polymer Thin Films and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, Korea
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Barbey R, Lavanant L, Paripovic D, Schüwer N, Sugnaux C, Tugulu S, Klok HA. Polymer brushes via surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization: synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications. Chem Rev 2010; 109:5437-527. [PMID: 19845393 DOI: 10.1021/cr900045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1226] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Barbey
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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30
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Flores JD, Shin J, Hoyle CE, McCormick CL. Direct RAFT polymerization of an unprotected isocyanate-containing monomer and subsequent structopendant functionalization using “click”-type reactions. Polym Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b9py00294d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Wan F, Tang Z, He W, Chu B. A chemistry/physics pathway with nanofibrous scaffolds for gene delivery. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:12379-89. [DOI: 10.1039/c002515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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32
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Gibson MI, Fröhlich E, Klok HA. Postpolymerization modification of poly(pentafluorophenyl methacrylate): Synthesis of a diverse water-soluble polymer library. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ou M, Xu R, Kim SH, Bull DA, Kim SW. A family of bioreducible poly(disulfide amine)s for gene delivery. Biomaterials 2009; 30:5804-14. [PMID: 19615739 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A family of bioreducible poly(disulfide amine)s, which differ in the length of polymethylene spacer [-(CH(2))(n)-] in the main chain and the side chain, has been synthesized. These bioreducible poly(disulfide amine)s exhibit local environment specific degradability and are associated with lower cytotoxicity than branched poly(ethylenimine) (bPEI, 25 kDa). These cationic polymers also show higher buffering capacity and protonation degree than bPEI, facilitating the endosomal escape of carried genetic materials. The transfection efficiency of these agents is oligomethylene length dependent. Poly(cystaminebisacrylamide-spermine) [poly(CBA-SP)], poly(cystaminebisacrylamide-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-propanediamine) [poly(CBA-APPD)], and poly(cyxtaminebisacrylamide-bis(3-aminopropyl)-ethylenediamine) [ploy(CBA-APED)] with longer propylene [-(CH(2))(3)-] side spacer, demonstrate higher transfection efficacy than the counterpart poly(cystaminebisacrylamide-bis(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-propanediamine) [poly(CBA-AEPD)] and poly(cystaminebisacrylamide-triethylenetetramine) [poly(CBA-TETA)], which have shorter ethylene [-(CH(2))(2)-] side spacer. The poly(CBA-SP), poly(CBA-APPD), poly(CBA-APED) with the main chain spacer of -(CH(2))(4)-, -(CH(2))(3)-, -(CH(2))(2)- demonstrate similar transfection efficiency, indicating the length of polymer main chain spacer has less influence on transfection efficiency. However, with the same short ethylene [-(CH(2))(2)-] side spacer, poly(CBA-AEPD), with the longer main chain oligomethylene units [-(CH(2))(3)-], showed relatively higher transfection efficiency than poly(CBA-TETA), having shorter main chain oligomethylene units [-(CH(2))(2)-]. Of these polymeric carriers, poly(CBA-SP) demonstrated the highest transfection in the C2C12 cell line, while poly(CBA-APED) showed the highest transfection in the HeLa cell line. All of these agents showed greater transfection activity than commercialized bPEI 25 kDa. The poly(disulfide amine)s are promising safe and efficient non-viral vectors for gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ou
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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34
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Messman JM, Lokitz BS, Pickel JM, Kilbey SM. Highly Tailorable Materials based on 2-Vinyl-4,4-dimethyl Azlactone: (Co)Polymerization, Synthetic Manipulation and Characterization. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900316t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M. Messman
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6494
| | - Bradley S. Lokitz
- Neutron Scattering Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6494
| | - Joseph M. Pickel
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6494
| | - S. Michael Kilbey
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6494
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
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Wong SY, Sood N, Putnam D. Combinatorial evaluation of cations, pH-sensitive and hydrophobic moieties for polymeric vector design. Mol Ther 2009; 17:480-90. [PMID: 19142180 PMCID: PMC2835077 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2008.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Three combinatorial libraries of polymeric vectors were evaluated to investigate the functional roles of molecular weight (MW), cations, pH-sensitive moieties, and hydrophobic derivitization in polymer-mediated gene delivery. Four cationic and pH-sensitive moieties (imidazole, primary, secondary, and tertiary amino) and three hydrophobic residues (C4 butyl, C6 hexyl, and C8 octyl) were assessed in single and serially incremented, binary combinations. Three MWs were evaluated-10, 30, and 50 kDa. The highest levels of transfection, comparable to branched PEI (25 kDa), were achieved by 30 kDa and 50 kDa formulations containing primary amino and imidazole groups. Primary amino groups offered superior charge-neutralizing and size-condensing capacity, while imidazole groups appeared to bind with DNA via nonelectrostatically mediated interactions to produce stable polyplexes that were resistant to premature dissociation. Eight of the 10 highest-transfecting polymers possessed IC(50) values greater than the maximum concentration of free polymers exposed to cells (200 microg/ml). The results herein have identified highly efficient polymeric formulations with superb toxicity profiles and have revealed the functional roles that the investigated pendant groups play in the transfection process. The reported polymeric system offers a versatile and robust platform upon which future structure-function studies may be based to create safer and more efficient polymeric vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Y Wong
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Barringer JE, Messman JM, Banaszek AL, Meyer HM, Kilbey SM. Immobilization of biomolecules on poly(vinyldimethylazlactone)-containing surface scaffolds. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:262-268. [PMID: 19115868 DOI: 10.1021/la802925g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We describe the successful development of a procedure for the step-by-step formation of a reactive, multilayer polymer scaffold incorporating polymers based on 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone (VDMA) on a silicon wafer and the characterization of these materials. Also discussed is the development of a procedure for the nonsite specific attachment of a biomolecule to a modified silicon wafer, including scaffolds modified via drop-on-demand (DOD) inkjet printing. VDMA-based polymers were used because of their hydrolytic stability and ability of the pendant azlactone rings to form stable covalent bonds with primary amines without byproducts via nucleophilic addition. This reaction proceeds without a catalyst and at room temperature, yielding a stable amide linkage, which adds to the ease of construction expected when using VDMA-based polymers. DOD inkjet printing was explored as an interesting method for creating surfaces with one or more patterns of biomolecules because of the flexibility and ease of pattern design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Barringer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
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Gauthier M, Gibson M, Klok HA. Synthesis of Functional Polymers by Post-Polymerization Modification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 48:48-58. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 681] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Gauthier M, Gibson M, Klok HA. Synthese funktioneller Polymere durch polymeranaloge Reaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Gauthier MA, Klok HA. Peptide/protein-polymer conjugates: synthetic strategies and design concepts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:2591-611. [PMID: 18535687 DOI: 10.1039/b719689j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This feature article provides a compilation of tools available for preparing well-defined peptide/protein-polymer conjugates, which are defined as hybrid constructs combining (i) a defined number of peptide/protein segments with uniform chain lengths and defined monomer sequences (primary structure) with (ii) a defined number of synthetic polymer chains. The first section describes methods for post-translational, or direct, introduction of chemoselective handles onto natural or synthetic peptides/proteins. Addressed topics include the residue- and/or site-specific modification of peptides/proteins at Arg, Asp, Cys, Gln, Glu, Gly, His, Lys, Met, Phe, Ser, Thr, Trp, Tyr and Val residues and methods for producing peptides/proteins containing non-canonical amino acids by peptide synthesis and protein engineering. In the second section, methods for introducing chemoselective groups onto the side-chain or chain-end of synthetic polymers produced by radical, anionic, cationic, metathesis and ring-opening polymerization are described. The final section discusses convergent and divergent strategies for covalently assembling polymers and peptides/proteins. An overview of the use of chemoselective reactions such as Heck, Sonogashira and Suzuki coupling, Diels-Alder cycloaddition, Click chemistry, Staudinger ligation, Michael's addition, reductive alkylation and oxime/hydrazone chemistry for the convergent synthesis of peptide/protein-polymer conjugates is given. Divergent approaches for preparing peptide/protein-polymer conjugates which are discussed include peptide synthesis from synthetic polymer supports, polymerization from peptide/protein macroinitiators or chain transfer agents and the polymerization of peptide side-chain monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Gauthier
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Synthesis of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) and poly(acrylic acid) block copolymers via post-functionalization of poly(N-methacryloxysuccinimide). POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Abstract
Block copolymers with sequences of differential reactivity were synthesized, and the step-wise and selective derivatization to form a new block copolymer was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
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