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Funahashi Y, Park SH, Hebert J, Eiwaz MB, Munhall AC, Groat T, Zeng L, Kim J, Choi HS, Hutchens MP. Nanotherapeutic kidney cell-specific targeting to ameliorate acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 2024:S0085-2538(24)00480-0. [PMID: 39067856 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) increases the risk of in-hospital death, adds to expense of care, and risk of early chronic kidney disease. AKI often follows an acute event such that timely treatment could ameliorate AKI and potentially reduce the risk of additional disease. Despite therapeutic success of dexamethasone in animal models, clinical trials have not demonstrated broad success. To improve the safety and efficacy of dexamethasone for AKI, we developed and characterized a novel, kidney-specific nanoparticle enabling specific within-kidney targeting to proximal tubular epithelial cells provided by the megalin ligand cilastatin. Cilastatin and dexamethasone were complexed to H-Dot nanoparticles, which were constructed from generally recognized as safe components. Cilastatin/Dexamethasone/H-Dot nanotherapeutics were found to be stable at plasma pH and demonstrated salutary release kinetics at urine pH. In vivo, they were specifically biodistributed to the kidney and bladder, with 75% recovery in the urine and with reduced systemic toxicity compared to native dexamethasone. Cilastatin complexation conferred proximal tubular epithelial cell specificity within the kidney in vivo, and enabled dexamethasone delivery to the proximal tubular epithelial cell nucleus in vitro. The Cilastatin/Dexamethasone/H-Dot nanotherapeutic improved kidney function and reduced kidney cellular injury when administered to male C57BL/6 mice in two translational models of AKI (rhabdomyolysis and bilateral ischemia reperfusion). Thus, our design-based targeting and therapeutic loading of a kidney-specific nanoparticle resulted in preservation of the efficacy of dexamethasone, combined with reduced off-target disposition and toxic effects. Hence, our study illustrates a potential strategy to target AKI and other diseases of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Funahashi
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239.
| | - Seung Hun Park
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Jessica Hebert
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239.
| | - Mahaba B Eiwaz
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239.
| | - Adam C Munhall
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239.
| | - Tahnee Groat
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239.
| | - Lingxue Zeng
- Department of Biomedical & Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA.
| | - Jonghan Kim
- Department of Biomedical & Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA.
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Michael P Hutchens
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239; Operative Care Division, Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239.
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2
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Asar M, Newton-Northup J, Soendergaard M. Improving Pharmacokinetics of Peptides Using Phage Display. Viruses 2024; 16:570. [PMID: 38675913 PMCID: PMC11055145 DOI: 10.3390/v16040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phage display is a versatile method often used in the discovery of peptides that targets disease-related biomarkers. A major advantage of this technology is the ease and cost efficiency of affinity selection, also known as biopanning, to identify novel peptides. While it is relatively straightforward to identify peptides with optimal binding affinity, the pharmacokinetics of the selected peptides often prove to be suboptimal. Therefore, careful consideration of the experimental conditions, including the choice of using in vitro, in situ, or in vivo affinity selections, is essential in generating peptides with high affinity and specificity that also demonstrate desirable pharmacokinetics. Specifically, in vivo biopanning, or the combination of in vitro, in situ, and in vivo affinity selections, has been proven to influence the biodistribution and clearance of peptides and peptide-conjugated nanoparticles. Additionally, the marked difference in properties between peptides and nanoparticles must be considered. While peptide biodistribution depends primarily on physiochemical properties and can be modified by amino acid modifications, the size and shape of nanoparticles also affect both absorption and distribution. Thus, optimization of the desired pharmacokinetic properties should be an important consideration in biopanning strategies to enable the selection of peptides and peptide-conjugated nanoparticles that effectively target biomarkers in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Asar
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA;
| | | | - Mette Soendergaard
- Cell Origins LLC, 1601 South Providence Road Columbia, Columbia, MO 65203, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455, USA
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3
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Lee D, Li M, Liu D, Baumhover NJ, Sagastume EA, Marks BM, Rastogi P, Pigge FC, Menda Y, Johnson FL, Schultz MK. Structural modifications toward improved lead-203/lead-212 peptide-based image-guided alpha-particle radiopharmaceutical therapies for neuroendocrine tumors. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:1147-1162. [PMID: 37955792 PMCID: PMC10881741 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06494-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The lead-203 (203Pb)/lead-212 (212Pb) elementally identical radionuclide pair has gained significant interest in the field of image-guided targeted alpha-particle therapy for cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that 212Pb-labeled peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals targeting somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) may provide improved effectiveness compared to beta-particle-based therapies for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). This study aims to improve the performance of SSTR2-targeted radionuclide imaging and therapy through structural modifications to Tyr3-octreotide (TOC)-based radiopharmaceuticals. METHODS New SSTR2-targeted peptides were designed and synthesized with the goal of optimizing the incorporation of Pb isotopes through the use of a modified cyclization technique; the introduction of a Pb-specific chelator (PSC); and the insertion of polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkers. The binding affinity of the peptides and the cellular uptake of 203Pb-labeled peptides were evaluated using pancreatic AR42J (SSTR2+) tumor cells and the biodistribution and imaging of the 203Pb-labeled peptides were assessed in an AR42J tumor xenograft mouse model. A lead peptide was identified (i.e., PSC-PEG2-TOC), which was then further evaluated for efficacy in 212Pb therapy studies. RESULTS The lead radiopeptide drug conjugate (RPDC) - [203Pb]Pb-PSC-PEG2-TOC - significantly improved the tumor-targeting properties, including receptor binding and tumor accumulation and retention as compared to [203Pb]Pb-DOTA0-Tyr3-octreotide (DOTATOC). Additionally, the modified RPDC exhibited faster renal clearance than the DOTATOC counterpart. These advantageous characteristics of [212Pb]Pb-PSC-PEG2-TOC resulted in a dose-dependent therapeutic effect with minimal signs of toxicity in the AR42J xenograft model. Fractionated administrations of 3.7 MBq [212Pb]Pb-PSC-PEG2-TOC over three doses further improved anti-tumor effectiveness, resulting in 80% survival (70% complete response) over 120 days in the mouse model. CONCLUSION Structural modifications to chelator and linker compositions improved tumor targeting and pharmacokinetics (PK) of 203/212Pb peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals for NET theranostics. These findings suggest that PSC-PEG2-TOC is a promising candidate for Pb-based targeted radionuclide therapy for NETs and other types of cancers that express SSTR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyoul Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mengshi Li
- Perspective Therapeutics, Inc., Coralville, IA, USA
| | - Dijie Liu
- Perspective Therapeutics, Inc., Coralville, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Prerna Rastogi
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - F Christopher Pigge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, ML B180 FRRBP, 500 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52240, USA
| | - Yusuf Menda
- Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Michael K Schultz
- Perspective Therapeutics, Inc., Coralville, IA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, ML B180 FRRBP, 500 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52240, USA.
- Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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4
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Lu J, Xu X, Sun X, Du Y. Protein and peptide-based renal targeted drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2024; 366:65-84. [PMID: 38145662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Renal diseases have become an increasingly concerned public health problem in the world. Kidney-targeted drug delivery has profound transformative potential on increasing renal efficacy and reducing extra-renal toxicity. Protein and peptide-based kidney targeted drug delivery systems have garnered more and more attention due to its controllable synthesis, high biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. At the same time, the targeting methods based on protein/peptide are also abundant, including passive renal targeting based on macromolecular protein and active targeting mediated by renal targeting peptide. Here, we review the application and the drug loading strategy of different proteins or peptides in targeted drug delivery, including the ferritin family, albumin, low molecular weight protein (LMWP), different peptide sequence and antibodies. In addition, we summarized the factors influencing passive and active targeting in drug delivery system, the main receptors related to active targeting in different kidney diseases, and a variety of nano forms of proteins based on the controllable synthesis of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- College of Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Shuren University, 8 Shuren Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China.
| | - Xuanrong Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Yongzhong Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Innovation Center of Translational Pharmacy, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China.
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5
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Targeting galectin-driven regulatory circuits in cancer and fibrosis. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:295-316. [PMID: 36759557 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of endogenous glycan-binding proteins that have crucial roles in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes. As a group, these proteins use both extracellular and intracellular mechanisms as well as glycan-dependent and independent pathways to reprogramme the fate and function of numerous cell types. Given their multifunctional roles in both tissue fibrosis and cancer, galectins have been identified as potential therapeutic targets for these disorders. Here, we focus on the therapeutic relevance of galectins, particularly galectin 1 (GAL1), GAL3 and GAL9 to tumour progression and fibrotic diseases. We consider an array of galectin-targeted strategies, including small-molecule carbohydrate inhibitors, natural polysaccharides and their derivatives, peptides, peptidomimetics and biological agents (notably, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and truncated galectins) and discuss their mechanisms of action, selectivity and therapeutic potential in preclinical models of fibrosis and cancer. We also review the results of clinical trials that aim to evaluate the efficacy of galectin inhibitors in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cancer. The rapid pace of glycobiology research, combined with the acute need for drugs to alleviate fibrotic inflammation and overcome resistance to anticancer therapies, will accelerate the translation of anti-galectin therapeutics into clinical practice.
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6
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Wang Y, Jiang H, Zhang L, Yao P, Wang S, Yang Q. Nanosystems for oxidative stress regulation in the anti-inflammatory therapy of acute kidney injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1120148. [PMID: 36845189 PMCID: PMC9949729 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1120148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome that results from a rapid decline in renal structure or renal functional impairment with the main pathological feature of sublethal and lethal damage to renal tubular cells. However, many potential therapeutic agents cannot achieve the desired therapeutic effect because of their poor pharmacokinetics and short retention time in the kidneys. With the recent emergence and progress of nanotechnology, nanodrugs with unique physicochemical properties could prolong circulation time, enhance efficient targeted delivery, and elevate the accumulation of therapeutics that can cross the glomerular filtration barrier and indicate comprehensive application prospects in the prevention and treatment of AKI. In this review, various types of nanosystems (such as liposomes, polymeric nanosystems, inorganic nanoparticles and cell-derived extracellular vesicles) are designed and applied to improve the pharmacokinetics of drug formation, which could further relieve the burden on the kidneys caused by the final cumulative dose of drugs in conventional treatments. Moreover, the passive or active targeting effect of nanosystems can also reduce the total therapeutic dose and off-target adverse effects on other organs. Nanodelivery systems for treating AKI that alleviate oxidative stress-induced renal cell damage and regulate the inflammatory kidney microenvironment are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Center of Scientific Research, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Center of Scientific Research, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Longyao Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Center of Scientific Research, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Yao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaoqing Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Shaoqing Wang, ; Qian Yang,
| | - Qian Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Center of Scientific Research, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Shaoqing Wang, ; Qian Yang,
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7
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The potential of RNA-based therapy for kidney diseases. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:327-344. [PMID: 35507149 PMCID: PMC9066145 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05352-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Inherited kidney diseases (IKDs) are a large group of disorders affecting different nephron segments, many of which progress towards kidney failure due to the absence of curative therapies. With the current advances in genetic testing, the understanding of the molecular basis and pathophysiology of these disorders is increasing and reveals new potential therapeutic targets. RNA has revolutionized the world of molecular therapy and RNA-based therapeutics have started to emerge in the kidney field. To apply these therapies for inherited kidney disorders, several aspects require attention. First, the mRNA must be combined with a delivery vehicle that protects the oligonucleotides from degradation in the blood stream. Several types of delivery vehicles have been investigated, including lipid-based, peptide-based, and polymer-based ones. Currently, lipid nanoparticles are the most frequently used formulation for systemic siRNA and mRNA delivery. Second, while the glomerulus and tubules can be reached by charge- and/or size-selectivity, delivery vehicles can also be equipped with antibodies, antibody fragments, targeting peptides, carbohydrates or small molecules to actively target receptors on the proximal tubule epithelial cells, podocytes, mesangial cells or the glomerular endothelium. Furthermore, local injection strategies can circumvent the sequestration of RNA formulations in the liver and physical triggers can also enhance kidney-specific uptake. In this review, we provide an overview of current and potential future RNA-based therapies and targeting strategies that are in development for kidney diseases, with particular interest in inherited kidney disorders.
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8
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Chade AR, Bidwell GL. Novel Drug Delivery Technologies and Targets for Renal Disease. Hypertension 2022; 79:1937-1948. [PMID: 35652363 PMCID: PMC9378601 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.17944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The burden of acute and chronic kidney diseases to the health care system is exacerbated by the high mortality that this disease carries paired with the still limited availability of comprehensive therapies. A reason partially resides in the complexity of the kidney, with multiple potential target cell types and a complex structural environment that complicate strategies to protect and recover renal function after injury. Management of both acute and chronic renal disease, irrespective of the cause, are mainly focused on supportive treatments and renal replacement strategies when needed. Emerging preclinical evidence supports the feasibility of drug delivery technology for the kidney, and recent studies have contributed to building a robust catalog of peptides, proteins, nanoparticles, liposomes, extracellular vesicles, and other carriers that may be fused to therapeutic peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, or small molecule drugs. These fusions can display a precise renal uptake, an enhanced circulating time, and a directed intraorgan biodistribution while protecting their cargo to improve therapeutic efficacy. However, several hurdles that slow the transition towards clinical applications are still in the way, such as solubility, toxicity, and sub-optimal renal targeting. This review will discuss the feasibility and current limitations of drug delivery technologies for the treatment of renal disease, offering an update on their potential and the future directions of these promising strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R. Chade
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
- Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Gene L. Bidwell
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
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9
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Tang TT, Wang B, Lv LL, Dong Z, Liu BC. Extracellular vesicles for renal therapeutics: State of the art and future perspective. J Control Release 2022; 349:32-50. [PMID: 35779658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With the ever-increasing burden of kidney disease, the need for developing new therapeutics to manage this disease has never been greater. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural membranous nanoparticles present in virtually all organisms. Given their excellent delivery capacity in the body, EVs have emerged as a frontier technology for drug delivery and have the potential to usher in a new era of nanomedicine for kidney disease. This review is focused on why EVs are such compelling drug carriers and how to release their fullest potentiality in renal therapeutics. We discuss the unique features of EVs compared to artificial nanoparticles and outline the engineering technologies and steps in developing EV-based therapeutics, with an emphasis on the emerging approaches to target renal cells and prolong kidney retention. We also explore the applications of EVs as natural therapeutics or as drug carriers in the treatment of renal disorders and present our views on the critical challenges in manufacturing EVs as next-generation renal therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Tao Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin-Li Lv
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Nanjing, China.
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10
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Merlin JPJ, Li X. Role of Nanotechnology and Their Perspectives in the Treatment of Kidney Diseases. Front Genet 2022; 12:817974. [PMID: 35069707 PMCID: PMC8766413 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.817974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are differing in particle size, charge, shape, and compatibility of targeting ligands, which are linked to improved pharmacologic characteristics, targetability, and bioavailability. Researchers are now tasked with developing a solution for enhanced renal treatment that is free of side effects and delivers the medicine to the active spot. A growing number of nano-based medication delivery devices are being used to treat renal disorders. Kidney disease management and treatment are currently causing a substantial global burden. Renal problems are multistep processes involving the accumulation of a wide range of molecular and genetic alterations that have been related to a variety of kidney diseases. Renal filtration is a key channel for drug elimination in the kidney, as well as a burgeoning topic of nanomedicine. Although the use of nanotechnology in the treatment of renal illnesses is still in its early phases, it offers a lot of potentials. In this review, we summarized the properties of the kidney and characteristics of drug delivery systems, which affect a drug’s ability should focus on the kidney and highlight the possibilities, problems, and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Jose Merlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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11
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Renal Nano-drug delivery for acute kidney Injury: Current status and future perspectives. J Control Release 2022; 343:237-254. [PMID: 35085695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes considerable morbidity and mortality, particularly in the case of post-cardiac infarction or kidney transplantation; however, the site-specific accumulation of small molecule reno-protective agents for AKI has often proved ineffective due to dynamic fluid and solute excretion and non-selectivity, which impedes therapeutic efficacy. This article reviews the current status and future trajectories of renal nanomedicine research for AKI management from pharmacological and clinical perspectives, with a particular focus on appraising nanosized drug carrier (NDC) use for the delivery of reno-protective agents of different pharmacological classes and the effectiveness of NDCs in improving renal tissue targeting selectivity and efficacy of said agents. This review reveals the critical shift in the role of the small molecule reno-protective agents in AKI pharmacotherapy - from prophylaxis to treatment - when using NDCs for delivery to the kidney. We also highlight the need to identify the accumulation sites of NDCs carrying reno-protective agents in renal tissues during in vivo assessments and detail the less-explored pharmacological classes of reno-protective agents whose efficacies may be improved via NDC-based delivery. We conclude the paper by outlining the challenges and future perspectives of NDC-based reno-protective agent delivery for better clinical management of AKI.
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12
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Bellat V, Michel AO, Thomas C, Stokol T, Choi B, Law B. A urinary drug-disposing approach as an alternative to intravesical chemotherapy for treating non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1409-1422. [PMID: 35039320 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The standard treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is transurethral resection of the tumors, followed by intravesical therapy (IT), which comprises a direct instillation of a solution of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine or chemotherapy into the bladder. However, the recurrence rate in this disease remains unacceptably high. IT is a local treatment that fails to reach tumors developed in the upper urinary tract (ureter and renal pelvis). The catheterization procedure required for IT is invasive, painful, and poses an increased infection risk resulting in poor patient quality of life and compliance. There is an unmet need for a potent, comprehensive, and non-invasive option. Without chemical modifications, peptides are rapidly removed by renal clearance. This "shortcoming" can be advantageous when used as a drug carrier for directing therapy to NMIBC. Here we develop a urinary drug-disposing (UDD) approach to improve NMIBC treatment. A 12-amino acid bio-inert peptide (Bdd) that can be exclusively eliminated via renal filtration was generated for delivering the microtubule inhibitor DM1 to NMIBC with minimal non-specific accumulation in other organs. The UDD approach prolonged survival of mice bearing human bladder tumors. Unlike IT, the treatment was given non-invasively (intravenously). Furthermore, it was more effective at suppressing tumor growth than clinically used IT (mitomycin) and safer than free DM1. The application of this urinary drug-disposing approach to treat kidney tumors and deliver other drugs such as doxorubicin was also demonstrated. Overall, the rapid renal clearance of peptides can be exploited to direct cancer therapies to the urinary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bellat
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | | | | | - Tracy Stokol
- Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University
| | | | - Benedict Law
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine
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13
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Casagrande V, Federici M, Menghini R. TIMP3 involvement and potentiality in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:1587-1594. [PMID: 34181080 PMCID: PMC8542557 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease, one of the most severe complications associated with diabetes, is characterized by albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis and progressive loss of renal function. Loss of TIMP3, an Extracellular matrix-bound protein, is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy in human and mouse models, suggesting its pivotal role in renal diseases associated to diabetes. There is currently no specific therapy for diabetic nephropathy, and the ability to restore high TIMP3 activity specifically in the kidney may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the amelioration of renal injury under conditions in which its reduction is directly related to the disease. Increasing evidence shows that diabetic nephropathy is also regulated by epigenetic mechanisms, including noncoding RNA. This review recapitulates the pathological, diagnostic and therapeutic potential roles of TIMP3 and the noncoding RNA (microRNA, long noncoding RNA) related to its expression, in the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Casagrande
- Departments of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Departments of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Center for Atherosclerosis, Department of Medical Sciences, Policlinico Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Menghini
- Departments of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
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The application progress of peptides in drug delivery systems in the past decade. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Yu H, Liu D, Shu G, Jin F, Du Y. Recent advances in nanotherapeutics for the treatment and prevention of acute kidney injury. Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 16:432-443. [PMID: 34703493 PMCID: PMC8520043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious kidney disease without specific medications currently except for expensive dialysis treatment. Some potential drugs are limited due to their high hydrophobicity, poor in vivo stability, low bioavailability and possible adverse effects. Besides, kidney-targeted drugs are not common and small molecules are cleared too quickly to achieve effective drug concentrations in injured kidneys. These problems limit the development of pharmacological therapy for AKI. Nanotherapeutics based on nanotechnology have been proved to be an emerging and promising treatment strategy for AKI, which may solve the pharmacological therapy dilemma. More and more nanotherapeutics with different physicochemical properties are developed to efficiently deliver drugs, increase accumulation and control release of drugs in injury kidneys and also directly as effective antioxidants. Here, we discuss the recent nanotherapeutics applied in the treatment and prevention of AKI with improved effectiveness and few side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gaofeng Shu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feiyang Jin
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongzhong Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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16
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Casagrande V, Iuliani G, Menini S, Pugliese G, Federici M, Menghini R. Restoration of renal TIMP3 levels via genetics and pharmacological approach prevents experimental diabetic nephropathy. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e305. [PMID: 33634991 PMCID: PMC7862169 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN), one of the major complications of diabetes, is characterized by albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis, and progressive loss of renal function. Loss of TIMP3, an Extracellular Matrix bound protein affecting both inflammation and fibrosis, is a hallmark of DN in human subjects and mouse models. METHODS This study was designed to provide evidences that the modulation of the system involving TIMP3 and its target A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), may rescue kidney pathology in diabetic mice. Mice with cell-targeted overexpression of TIMP3 in myeloid cells (MacT3), podocyte-specific ADAM17 knockout mice (∆PodA17), and DBA/2J mice, were rendered diabetic at 8 weeks of age with a low-dose streptozotocin protocol. DBA/2J mice were administered new peptides based on the human TIMP3 N-terminal domain, specifically conjugated with G3C12, a carrier peptide highly selective and efficient for transport to the kidney. Twelve weeks after Streptozotocin injections, 24-hour albuminuria was determined by ELISA, kidney morphometry was analyzed by periodic acid-shift staining, and Real Time-PCR and western blot analysis were performed on mRNA and protein extracted from kidney cortex. RESULTS Our results showed that both genetic modifications and peptides treatment positively affect renal function and structure in diabetic mice, as indicated by a significant and consistent decline in albuminuria along with reduction in glomerular lesions, as indicated by reduced mesangial expansion and glomerular hypertrophy, decreased deposition of extracellular matrix in the mesangium, diminished protein expression of the NADPH oxidases 4 (NOX4), and the improvement of podocyte structural markers such as WT1, nephrin, and podocin. Moreover, the positive effects were exerted through a mechanism independent from glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS In diabetic mice the targeting of TIMP3 system improved kidney structure and function, representing a valid approach to develop new avenues to treat this severe complication of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Casagrande
- Departments of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine DiseasesFondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”San Giovanni RotondoItaly
| | - Giulia Iuliani
- Departments of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
| | - Stefano Menini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine“Sapienza” UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine“Sapienza” UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Massimo Federici
- Departments of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
- Center for AtherosclerosisDepartment of Medical Sciences Policlinico Tor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Rossella Menghini
- Departments of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
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17
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van Asbeck AH, Dieker J, Boswinkel M, van der Vlag J, Brock R. Kidney-targeted therapies: A quantitative perspective. J Control Release 2020; 328:762-775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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18
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Wang J, Tripathy N, Chung EJ. Targeting and therapeutic peptide-based strategies for polycystic kidney disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 161-162:176-189. [PMID: 32866560 PMCID: PMC7736157 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is characterized by progressive cyst growth and is a leading cause of renal failure worldwide. Currently, there are limited therapeutic options available to PKD patients, and only one drug, tolvaptan, has been FDA-approved to slow cyst progression. Similar to other small molecule drugs, however, tolvaptan is costly, only moderately effective, and causes adverse events leading to high patient dropout rates. Peptides may mitigate many drawbacks of small molecule drugs, as they can be highly tissue-specific, biocompatible, and economically scaled-up. Peptides can function as targeting ligands that direct therapies to diseased renal tissue, or be potent as therapeutic agents themselves. This review discusses various aberrant signaling pathways in PKD and renal receptors that can be potential targets of peptide-mediated strategies. Additionally, peptides utilized in other kidney applications, but may prove useful in the context of PKD, are highlighted. Insights into novel peptide-based solutions that have potential to improve clinical management of PKD are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nirmalya Tripathy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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19
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Chen Z, Peng H, Zhang C. Advances in kidney-targeted drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119679. [PMID: 32717283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The management and treatment of kidney diseases currently have caused a huge global burden. Although the application of nanotechnology for the therapy of kidney diseases is still at an early stages, it has profound potential of development. More and more nano-based drug delivery systems provide novel solutions for the treatment of kidney diseases. This article summarizes the physiological and anatomical properties of the kidney and the biological and physicochemical characters of drug delivery systems, which affects the ability of drug to target the kidney, and highlights the prospects, opportunities, and challenges of nanotechnology in the therapy of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, 1 Xinyang Rd, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Haisheng Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, 1 Xinyang Rd, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Changmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, 1 Xinyang Rd, Daqing 163319, China.
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20
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Shetab Boushehri MA, Dietrich D, Lamprecht A. Nanotechnology as a Platform for the Development of Injectable Parenteral Formulations: A Comprehensive Review of the Know-Hows and State of the Art. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060510. [PMID: 32503171 PMCID: PMC7356945 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Within recent decades, the development of nanotechnology has made a significant contribution to the progress of various fields of study, including the domains of medical and pharmaceutical sciences. A substantially transformed arena within the context of the latter is the development and production of various injectable parenteral formulations. Indeed, recent decades have witnessed a rapid growth of the marketed and pipeline nanotechnology-based injectable products, which is a testimony to the remarkability of the aforementioned contribution. Adjunct to the ability of nanomaterials to deliver the incorporated payloads to many different targets of interest, nanotechnology has substantially assisted to the development of many further facets of the art. Such contributions include the enhancement of the drug solubility, development of long-acting locally and systemically injectable formulations, tuning the onset of the drug’s release through the endowment of sensitivity to various internal or external stimuli, as well as adjuvancy and immune activation, which is a desirable component for injectable vaccines and immunotherapeutic formulations. The current work seeks to provide a comprehensive review of all the abovementioned contributions, along with the most recent advances made within each domain. Furthermore, recent developments within the domains of passive and active targeting will be briefly debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam A. Shetab Boushehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-736428; Fax: +49-228-735268
| | - Dirk Dietrich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany;
- PEPITE EA4267, Institute of Pharmacy, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
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21
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Lee S, Pham TC, Bae C, Choi Y, Kim YK, Yoon J. Nano theranostics platforms that utilize proteins. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Oroojalian F, Charbgoo F, Hashemi M, Amani A, Yazdian-Robati R, Mokhtarzadeh A, Ramezani M, Hamblin MR. Recent advances in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for the kidney. J Control Release 2020; 321:442-462. [PMID: 32067996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The application of nanotechnology in medicine has the potential to make a great impact on human health, ranging from prevention to diagnosis and treatment of disease. The kidneys are the main organ of the human urinary system, responsible for filtering the blood, and concentrating metabolic waste into urine by means of the renal glomerulus. The glomerular filtration apparatus presents a barrier against therapeutic agents based on charge and/or molecular size. Therefore, drug delivery to the kidneys faces significant difficulties resulting in treatment failure in several renal disorders. Accordingly, different strategies have recently being explored for enhancing the delivery of therapeutic agents across the filtration barrier of the glomerulus. Nanosystems with different physicochemical properties, including size, shape, surface, charge, and possessing biological features such as high cellular internalization, low cytotoxicity, controllable pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, have shown promising results for renal therapy. Different types of nanoparticles (NPs) have been used to deliver drugs to the kidney. In this review, we discuss nanotechnology-based drug delivery approaches for acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, renovascular hypertension and kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Oroojalian
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Charbgoo
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Maryam Hashemi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Amani
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Yazdian-Robati
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
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23
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Stayner C, Brooke DG, Bates M, Eccles MR. Targeted Therapies for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3081-3102. [PMID: 29737248 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180508095654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common life-threatening genetic disease in humans, affecting approximately 1 in 500 people. ADPKD is characterized by cyst growth in the kidney leading to progressive parenchymal damage and is the underlying pathology in approximately 10% of patients requiring hemodialysis or transplantation for end-stage kidney disease. The two proteins that are mutated in ADPKD, polycystin-1 and polycystin-2, form a complex located on the primary cilium and the plasma membrane to facilitate calcium ion release in the cell. There is currently no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapy to cure or slow the progression of the disease. Rodent ADPKD models do not completely mimic the human disease, and therefore preclinical results have not always successfully translated to the clinic. Moreover, the toxicity of many of these potential therapies has led to patient withdrawals from clinical trials. RESULTS Here, we review compounds in clinical trial for treating ADPKD, and we examine the feasibility of using a kidney-targeted approach, with potential for broadening the therapeutic window, decreasing treatment-associated toxicity and increasing the efficacy of agents that have demonstrated activity in animal models. We make recommendations for integrating kidney- targeted therapies with current treatment regimes, to achieve a combined approach to treating ADPKD. CONCLUSION Many compounds are currently in clinical trial for ADPKD yet, to date, none are FDA-approved for treating this disease. Patients could benefit from efficacious pharmacotherapy, especially if it can be kidney-targeted, and intensive efforts continue to be focused on this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie Stayner
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 270 Great King Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Darby G Brooke
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
| | - Michael Bates
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 270 Great King Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Michael R Eccles
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 270 Great King Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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24
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Peptide Conjugates with Small Molecules Designed to Enhance Efficacy and Safety. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101855. [PMID: 31091786 PMCID: PMC6572008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides constitute molecular diversity with unique molecular mechanisms of action that are proven indispensable in the management of many human diseases, but of only a mere fraction relative to more traditional small molecule-based medicines. The integration of these two therapeutic modalities offers the potential to enhance and broaden pharmacology while minimizing dose-dependent toxicology. This review summarizes numerous advances in drug design, synthesis and development that provide direction for next-generation research endeavors in this field. Medicinal studies in this area have largely focused upon the application of peptides to selectively enhance small molecule cytotoxicity to more effectively treat multiple oncologic diseases. To a lesser and steadily emerging extent peptides are being therapeutically employed to complement and diversify the pharmacology of small molecule drugs in diseases other than just cancer. No matter the disease, the purpose of the molecular integration remains constant and it is to achieve superior therapeutic outcomes with diminished adverse effects. We review linker technology and conjugation chemistries that have enabled integrated and targeted pharmacology with controlled release. Finally, we offer our perspective on opportunities and obstacles in the field.
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25
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Sengee M, Eksteen JJ, Nergård SL, Vasskog T, Sydnes LK. Preparation and Assessment of Self-Immolative Linkers for Therapeutic Bioconjugates with Amino- and Hydroxyl-Containing Cargoes. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1489-1499. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myagmarsuren Sengee
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, P.O. Box
6434, Tromsø Science Park, NO-9294 Tromsø, Norway
| | - J. Johannes Eksteen
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, P.O. Box
6434, Tromsø Science Park, NO-9294 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Silje Lillemark Nergård
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, P.O. Box 6050, Langnes, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Vasskog
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, P.O. Box
6434, Tromsø Science Park, NO-9294 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, P.O. Box 6050, Langnes, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Leiv K. Sydnes
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, P.O. Box
6434, Tromsø Science Park, NO-9294 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway
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26
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Andrieu J, Re F, Russo L, Nicotra F. Phage-displayed peptides targeting specific tissues and organs. J Drug Target 2018; 27:555-565. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1531419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josu Andrieu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Re
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Russo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicotra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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27
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Sancho-Martínez SM, Prieto-García L, Prieto M, Fuentes-Calvo I, López-Novoa JM, Morales AI, Martínez-Salgado C, López-Hernández FJ. N-acetylcysteine transforms necrosis into apoptosis and affords tailored protection from cisplatin cytotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 349:83-93. [PMID: 29679655 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is the main limitation to the dosage and anticancer efficacy of cisplatin. Cisplatin produces tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and necrosis depending on the concentration of the drug. Protection from cisplatin nephrotoxicity must therefore tackle both cell death modes. For its ability to reduce cisplatin reactivity, in addition to its antioxidant effect, we tested and found that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was most effective at inhibiting cisplatin cytotoxicity. NAC has no significant effect on cell death induced by either cycloheximide or Fas activation, indicating a rather selective action. Pt-DNA-binding experiments suggest that the differential effectiveness of NAC is due to its capacity to quench cisplatin reactivity inside the cell. NAC abolishes cisplatin-induced apoptosis, and transforms the necrosis induced by high concentrations of cisplatin into apoptosis. In fact, NAC allows the anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 to reduce the cell death caused by pro-necrotic concentrations of cisplatin, to a significantly greater extent than in the absence of NAC. In rats, a dosage of NAC that significantly ameliorates cisplatin nephrotoxicity, has little effect on gentamicin nephrotoxicity. These characteristics provide NAC with a rationale as a potential nephroprotectant specifically tailored to and especially effective for therapeutic courses with platinated antineoplastics, which prompts to deepening into further preclinical knowledge, and to initiate clinical studies with NAC and mixed therapies composed of NAC and antiapoptotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Sancho-Martínez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain; Group of Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine (BioCritic), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Laura Prieto-García
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain; Group of Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine (BioCritic), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marta Prieto
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain; Group of Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine (BioCritic), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Isabel Fuentes-Calvo
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M López-Novoa
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana I Morales
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain; Group of Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine (BioCritic), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez-Salgado
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León, Soria, Spain; Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain; Group of Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine (BioCritic), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Francisco J López-Hernández
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León, Soria, Spain; Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain; Group of Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine (BioCritic), Valladolid, Spain.
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28
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Liang Y, Li S, Wang X, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang X, He B, Dai W, Zhang H, Wang X, Zhang Q. A comparative study of the antitumor efficacy of peptide-doxorubicin conjugates with different linkers. J Control Release 2018; 275:129-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Wang J, Masehi-Lano JJ, Chung EJ. Peptide and antibody ligands for renal targeting: nanomedicine strategies for kidney disease. Biomater Sci 2018; 5:1450-1459. [PMID: 28516997 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00271h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The kidney is one of the body's main filtration organs, and hence, opportunity exists for designing nanomedicine that can naturally accumulate in the kidneys for renal diseases. In addition to traditional physiochemical properties for kidney accumulation, such as size and charge, synthesized nanoparticles can be conjugated with targeting ligands which further home the nanocarriers to cell types of interest. In this review, we highlight key studies that have shown success in utilizing peptide- or antibody-based ligands in nanoparticles to target the glomerulus, podocytes, or renal tubule cells in the kidney. In addition, other ligand candidates which have shown renal affinity, but have not yet been integrated into a nanoparticle are also presented. These studies can provide insight into the design of novel clinical solutions for improved detection, prevention, and treatment of renal diseases using nanomedicine efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Jacqueline J Masehi-Lano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Abstract
The phenomenal advances in pharmaceutical sciences over the last few decades have led to the development of new therapeutics like peptides, proteins, RNAs, DNAs and highly potent small molecules. Fruitful applications of these therapeutics have been challenged by several anatomical and physiological barriers that limit adequate drug disposition at the site-of-action and by off-target drug distribution to undesired tissues, which together result in the reduced effectiveness and increased side effects of therapeutic agents. As such, the development of drug delivery and targeting systems has been recognised as a cornerstone for future drug development. Research in pharmaceutical sciences is now devoted to tackling delivery challenges through engineering delivery systems that move beyond conventional dosage forms and regimens into state-of-the-art targeted drug delivery tailored toward specific therapeutic needs. Modern drug delivery systems comprise passive and active targeting approaches. While passive targeting relies on the natural course of distribution of drugs or drug carriers in the body, as governed by their physicochemical properties, active targeting often exploits targeting moieties that home preferentially into target tissues. Here, we provide an overview of theories of and approaches to passive and active drug delivery. As the design of drug delivery is dependent on the unique structure of target tissues and organs, we present our discussion in an organ-specific manner with the aim to inspire the development of new strategies for curing disease with high accuracy and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alsaggar
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy , Jordon University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Dexi Liu
- b Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
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Hu JB, Kang XQ, Liang J, Wang XJ, Xu XL, Yang P, Ying XY, Jiang SP, Du YZ. E-selectin-targeted Sialic Acid-PEG-dexamethasone Micelles for Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy for Acute Kidney Injury. Theranostics 2017; 7:2204-2219. [PMID: 28740545 PMCID: PMC5505054 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI) is currently limited, and care is primarily supportive. Sialic acid (SA) is main component of Sialyl Lewisx antigen on the mammalian cell surface, which participates in E-selectin binding. Therefore, dexamethasone(DXM)-loaded E-selectin-targeting sialic acid-polyethylene glycol-dexamethasone (SA-PEG-DXM/DXM) conjugate micelles are designed for ameliorating AKI. The conjugates are synthesized via the esterification reaction between PEG and SA or DXM, and can spontaneously form micelles in an aqueous solution with a 65.6 µg/mL critical micelle concentration. Free DXM is incorporated into the micelles with 6.28 ± 0.21% drug loading content. In vitro DXM release from SA-PEG-DXM/DXM micelles can be prolonged to 48h. Much more SA-PEG-DXM micelles can be internalized by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in comparison to PEG-DXM micelles due to specific interaction between SA and E-selectin expressed on HUVECs, and consequently more SA-PEG-DXM micelles are accumulated in the kidney of AKI murine model. Furthermore, SA in SA-PEG-DXM conjugates can significantly ameliorate LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines via suppressing LPS-activated Beclin-1/Atg5-Atg12-mediated autophagy to attenuate toxicity. Compared with free DXM and PEG-DXM/DXM micelles, SA-PEG-DXM/DXM micelles show better therapeutical effects, as reflected by the improved renal function, histopathological changes, pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and expression of apoptotic related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo Hu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xu-Qi Kang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Ying
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sai-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yong-Zhong Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Bidwell GL, Mahdi F, Shao Q, Logue OC, Waller JP, Reese C, Chade AR. A kidney-selective biopolymer for targeted drug delivery. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F54-F64. [PMID: 27784692 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00143.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving drug delivery to the kidney using renal-targeted therapeutics is a promising but underdeveloped area. We aimed to develop a kidney-targeting construct for renal-specific drug delivery. Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are nonimmunogenic protein-based carriers that can stabilize attached small-molecule and peptide therapeutics. We modified ELP at its NH2-terminus with a cyclic, seven-amino acid kidney-targeting peptide (KTP) and at its COOH-terminus with a cysteine residue for tracer conjugation. Comparative in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in rat and swine models and in vitro cell binding studies using human renal cells were performed. KTP-ELP had a longer plasma half-life than ELP in both animal models and was similarly accumulated in kidneys at levels fivefold higher than untargeted ELP, showing renal levels 15- to over 150-fold higher than in other major organs. Renal fluorescence histology demonstrated high accumulation of KTP-ELP in proximal tubules and vascular endothelium. Furthermore, a 14-day infusion of a high dose of ELP or KTP-ELP did not affect body weight, glomerular filtration rate, or albuminuria, or induce renal tissue damage compared with saline-treated controls. In vitro experiments showed higher binding of KTP-ELP to human podocytes, proximal tubule epithelial, and glomerular microvascular endothelial cells than untargeted ELP. These results show the high renal selectivity of KTP-ELP, support the notion that the construct is not species specific, and demonstrate that it does not induce acute renal toxicity. The plasticity of ELP for attachment of any class of therapeutics unlocks the possibility of applying ELP technology for targeted treatment of renal disease in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene L Bidwell
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Fakhri Mahdi
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Qingmei Shao
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Omar C Logue
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jamarius P Waller
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Caleb Reese
- Belhaven University, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Alejandro R Chade
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Medicine, and Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Janzer M, Larbig G, Kübelbeck A, Wischnjow A, Haberkorn U, Mier W. Drug Conjugation Affects Pharmacokinetics and Specificity of Kidney-Targeted Peptide Carriers. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2441-2449. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Janzer
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse
250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gregor Larbig
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse
250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Armin Kübelbeck
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse
250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Artjom Wischnjow
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Sarko D. Kidney-Specific Drug Delivery: Review of Opportunities, Achievements, and Challenges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15406/japlr.2016.02.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mainini F, Larsen DS, Webster GA, Young SL, Eccles MR. Bridging Small Molecules to Modified Bacterial Microparticles Using a Disulphide Linkage: MIS416 as a Cargo Delivery System. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145403. [PMID: 26695183 PMCID: PMC4687933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MIS416 is an intact minimal cell wall skeleton derived from Proprionibacterium acnes that is phagocytosed by antigen presenting cells, including dendritic cells (DCs). This property allows MIS416 to be exploited as a vehicle for the delivery of peptide antigens or other molecules (for example, nucleic acids) to DCs. We previously showed that covalent (non-cleavable) conjugation of OVA, a model antigen derived from ovalbumin, to MIS416 enhanced immune responses in DCs in vivo, compared to unconjugated MIS416 and OVA. Intracellular trafficking promotes the lysosomal degradation of MIS416, leading to the destruction of MIS416 plus the associated cargos conjugated to MIS416. However, lysosomal degradation of cargo may not be desired for some MIS416 conjugates. Here we have investigated whether a cleavable linkage could facilitate release of the cargo in the cytoplasm of DCs to avoid lysosomal degradation. DCs were treated in vitro with disulfide-containing conjugates, and as hypothesised faster release of SIINFEKL peptide in the cytoplasm of DCs was observed with the inclusion of a disulfide bond between MIS416 and cargo. The inclusion of a cleavable disulfide bond in the conjugates did not significantly alter the amount of SIINFEKL antigens presented on MHC I molecules on DCs as compared with conjugates without a disulfide bond. However, the conjugates containing disulfide-linkages performed either slightly better (p<0.05) than, or the same as conjugates without a disulfide bond with respect to in vitro OT-1 T-cell proliferation induced by the presentation of SIINFEKL antigens on DCs, or DC activation studies, respectively. However, disulfide-containing conjugates were less effective than conjugates without a disulfide bond in in vivo cytotoxicity assays. In conclusion, inclusion of a disulfide bond in MIS416-peptide conjugates was associated with efficient release of peptides in the cytoplasm of DCs, an important consideration for MIS416-mediated delivery of degradation-sensitive cargoes. However, treatment of DCs with disulfide-containing conjugates did not significantly alter the presentation of peptide antigens on MHC class I molecules to T-cells, or greatly enhance antigen-associated T-cell proliferation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David S. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gill A. Webster
- Innate Immunotherapeutics Ltd, 4B Walls Rd, Penrose, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah L. Young
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael R. Eccles
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
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Wu XJ, Tang EK, Xu CQ, Yuan ZX. Hemocompatibility evaluation for peptide fragments of human serum albumin cleaved by cyanogens bromide. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:974-82. [PMID: 26482572 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215608018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that peptide fragments of human serum albumin can be developed into potential renal targeting drug carriers. However, the interactions of these peptide fragments with red blood cells and plasma components are not evaluated well and there is yet no report on the evaluation of the hemocompatibility of peptide fragments. In this study, three kinds of peptide fragments were prepared and identified by amino acid analysis, and the blood compatibility of the peptide fragments was investigated by measuring blood coagulation, platelet and complement activation and hemolysis activity. Results indicated that all the peptide fragments prepared were highly hemocompatible without causing any clot formation, red blood cell aggregation or immune response. In addition, data from the cytotoxicity assay using HeLa cells and Madin-Darby canine kidney cells suggested that these peptide fragments do not induce toxicity towards either cell lines at concentrations up to 5 mg/ml. Therefore, it can be concluded that peptide fragments exhibit good hemocompatibility with no unwanted effect on the viability of renal cells, preliminarily demonstrating that it is safe to use peptide fragments as renal targeting drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-juan Wu
- Integrative Traditional and Western Medicine Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Edith Kai Tang
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, the University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chao-qun Xu
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi-xiang Yuan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Rabanal F, Grau-Campistany A, Vila-Farrés X, Gonzalez-Linares J, Borràs M, Vila J, Manresa A, Cajal Y. A bioinspired peptide scaffold with high antibiotic activity and low in vivo toxicity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10558. [PMID: 26024044 PMCID: PMC4603705 DOI: 10.1038/srep10558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to almost all available antibiotics is an important public health issue. A major goal in antimicrobial drug discovery is the generation of new chemicals capable of killing pathogens with high selectivity, particularly multi-drug-resistant ones. Here we report the design, preparation and activity of new compounds based on a tunable, chemically accessible and upscalable lipopeptide scaffold amenable to suitable hit-to-lead development. Such compounds could become therapeutic candidates and future antibiotics available on the market. The compounds are cyclic, contain two D-amino acids for in vivo stability and their structures are reminiscent of other cyclic disulfide-containing peptides available on the market. The optimized compounds prove to be highly active against clinically relevant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In vitro and in vivo tests show the low toxicity of the compounds. Their antimicrobial activity against resistant and multidrug-resistant bacteria is at the membrane level, although other targets may also be involved depending on the bacterial strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Rabanal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona
| | | | - Xavier Vila-Farrés
- Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - University of Barcelona
| | | | - Miquel Borràs
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology Unit /CERETOX, Barcelona Science Park
| | - Jordi Vila
- Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - University of Barcelona
| | - Angeles Manresa
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona
| | - Yolanda Cajal
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical EngineeringCharles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and SciencesStevens Institute of TechnologyHobokenNJUSA
| | - Jun F. Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical EngineeringCharles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and SciencesStevens Institute of TechnologyHobokenNJUSA
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Song Q, Chuan X, Chen B, He B, Zhang H, Dai W, Wang X, Zhang Q. A smart tumor targeting peptide-drug conjugate, pHLIP-SS-DOX: synthesis and cellular uptake on MCF-7 and MCF-7/Adr cells. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:1734-46. [PMID: 25853477 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1028601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anticancer drug for the treatment of tumors, but the poor specificity and multi-drug resistance (MDR) on tumor cells have restricted its application. Here, a pH and reduction-responsive peptide-drug conjugate (PDC), pHLIP-SS-DOX, was synthesized to overcome these drawbacks. pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP) is a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) with pH-dependent transmembrane ability. And because of the unique cell membrane insertion pattern, it might reverse the MDR. The cellular uptake study showed that on both drug-sensitive MCF-7 and drug-resistant MCF-7/Adr cells, pHLIP-SS-DOX obviously facilitated the uptake of DOX at pH 6.0 and the uptake level on MCF-7/Adr cells was similar with that on MCF-7 cells, indicating that pHLIP-SS-DOX had the ability to target acidic tumor cells and reverse MDR. In vitro cytotoxicity study mediated by GSH-OEt demonstrated that the cytotoxic effect of pHLIP-SS-DOX was reduction responsive, with obvious cytotoxicity at pH 6.0; while it had poor cytotoxicity at pH 7.4, no matter with or without GSH-OEt pretreatment. This illustrated that pHLIP could deliver DOX into tumor cells with acidic microenvironment specifically and could not deliver drugs into normal cells with neutral microenvironment. In summary, pHLIP-SS-DOX is a promising strategy to target drugs to tumors and provides a possibility to overcome MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Song
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Xingxing Chuan
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Binlong Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Bing He
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Hua Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Wenbing Dai
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
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40
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Fan M, Yang D, Liang X, Ao J, Li Z, Wang H, Shi B. Design and biological activity of epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted peptide doxorubicin conjugate. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 70:268-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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41
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Tan H, Zhao L, Liu W, Ren L, Xu S, Chen L, Li W. Synthesis of thermo-responsive polymer–protein conjugates through disulfide bonding. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06813k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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42
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Blanchard H, Yu X, Collins PM, Bum-Erdene K. Galectin-3 inhibitors: a patent review (2008–present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2014; 24:1053-65. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.947961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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43
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Wu X, Sun X, Guo Z, Tang J, Shen Y, James TD, Tian H, Zhu W. In vivo and in situ tracking cancer chemotherapy by highly photostable NIR fluorescent theranostic prodrug. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3579-88. [PMID: 24524232 DOI: 10.1021/ja412380j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In vivo monitoring of the biodistribution and activation of prodrugs is urgently required. Near infrared (NIR) fluorescence-active fluorophores with excellent photostability are preferable for tracking drug release in vivo. Herein, we describe a NIR prodrug DCM-S-CPT and its polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid (PEG-PLA) loaded nanoparticles as a potent cancer therapy. We have conjugated a dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran derivative as the NIR fluorophore with camptothecin (CPT) as the anticancer drug using a disulfide linker. In vitro experiments verify that the high intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentrations in tumor cells cause cleavage of the disulfide linker, resulting in concomitantly the active drug CPT release and significant NIR fluorescence turn-on with large Stokes shift (200 nm). The NIR fluorescence of DCM-S-CPT at 665 nm with fast response to GSH can act as a direct off-on signal reporter for the GSH-activatable prodrug. Particularly, DCM-S-CPT possesses much better photostability than ICG, which is highly desirable for in situ fluorescence-tracking of cancer chemotherapy. DCM-S-CPT has been successfully utilized for in vivo and in situ tracking of drug release and cancer therapeutic efficacy in living animals by NIR fluorescence. DCM-S-CPT exhibits excellent tumor-activatable performance when intravenously injected into tumor-bearing nude mice, as well as specific cancer therapy with few side effects. DCM-S-CPT loaded in PEG-PLA nanoparticles shows even higher antitumor activity than free CPT, and is also retained longer in the plasma. The tumor-targeting ability and the specific drug release in tumors make DCM-S-CPT as a promising prodrug, providing significant advances toward deeper understanding and exploration of theranostic drug-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumeng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
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Zhou P, Sun X, Zhang Z. Kidney-targeted drug delivery systems. Acta Pharm Sin B 2014; 4:37-42. [PMID: 26579362 PMCID: PMC4590725 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney-targeted drug delivery systems represent a promising technology to improve drug efficacy and safety in the treatment of renal diseases. In this review, we summarize the strategies that have been employed to develop kidney-targeted drug delivery systems. We also describe how macromolecular carriers and prodrugs play crucial roles in targeting drugs to particular target cells in the kidney. New technologies render it possible to create renal targeting conjugates and other delivery systems including nanoparticles and liposomes present promising strategies to achieve the goal of targeting drugs to the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xun Sun
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 28 85502307; fax: +86 28 85501615.
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45
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Blanchard H, Bum-Erdene K, Hugo MW. Inhibitors of Galectins and Implications for Structure-Based Design of Galectin-Specific Therapeutics. Aust J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of galactoside-specific lectins that are involved in a myriad of metabolic and disease processes. Due to roles in cancer and inflammatory and heart diseases, galectins are attractive targets for drug development. Over the last two decades, various strategies have been used to inhibit galectins, including polysaccharide-based therapeutics, multivalent display of saccharides, peptides, peptidomimetics, and saccharide-modifications. Primarily due to galectin carbohydrate binding sites having high sequence identities, the design and development of selective inhibitors targeting particular galectins, thereby addressing specific disease states, is challenging. Furthermore, the use of different inhibition assays by research groups has hindered systematic assessment of the relative selectivity and affinity of inhibitors. This review summarises the status of current inhibitors, strategies, and novel scaffolds that exploit subtle differences in galectin structures that, in conjunction with increasing available data on multiple galectins, is enabling the feasible design of effective and specific inhibitors of galectins.
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46
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Wang X, Lin Y, Zeng Y, Sun X, Gong T, Zhang Z. Effects of mycophenolic acid–glucosamine conjugates on the base of kidney targeted drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2013; 456:223-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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47
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Meier SM, Novak M, Kandioller W, Jakupec MA, Arion VB, Metzler-Nolte N, Keppler BK, Hartinger CG. Identification of the structural determinants for anticancer activity of a ruthenium arene peptide conjugate. Chemistry 2013; 19:9297-307. [PMID: 23712572 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Organometallic Ru(arene)-peptide bioconjugates with potent in vitro anticancer activity are rare. We have prepared a conjugate of a Ru(arene) complex with the neuropeptide [Leu(5)]-enkephalin. [Chlorido(η(6)-p-cymene)(5-oxo-κO-2-{(4-[(N-tyrosinyl-glycinyl-glycinyl-phenylalanyl-leucinyl-NH2)propanamido]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl}-4H-pyronato-κO)ruthenium(II)] (8) shows antiproliferative activity in human ovarian carcinoma cells with an IC50 value as low as 13 μM, whereas the peptide or the Ru moiety alone are hardly cytotoxic. The conjugation strategy for linking the Ru(cym) (cym=η(6)-p-cymene) moiety to the peptide involved N-terminal modification of an alkyne-[Leu(5)]-enkephalin with a 2-(azidomethyl)-5-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one linker, using Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC), and subsequent metallation with the Ru(cym) moiety. The ruthenium-bioconjugate was characterized by high resolution top-down electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) with regard to peptide sequence, linker modification and metallation site. Notably, complete sequence coverage was obtained and the Ru(cym) moiety was confirmed to be coordinated to the pyronato linker. The ruthenium-bioconjugate was analyzed with respect to cytotoxicity-determining constituents, and through the bioconjugate models [{2-(azidomethyl)-5-oxo-κO-4H-pyronato-κO}chloride (η(6)-p-cymene)ruthenium(II)] (5) and [chlorido(η(6)-p-cymene){5-oxo-κO-2-([(4-(phenoxymethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]methyl)-4H-pyronato-κO}ruthenium(II)] (6) the Ru(cym) fragment with a triazole-carrying pyronato ligand was identified as the minimal unit required to achieve in vitro anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Meier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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