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Prado NDR, Brilhante-DA-Silva N, Valentino Paloschi M, Andrade Roberto S, Cardim Barreto B, Fraga Vasconcelos J, Botelho Pereira Soares M, Monteiro de Carvalho R, Foschiera de Melo T, de Souza Santos E, Lima Dos Santos E, Eugenia Souza de Jesus B, Crhistina Santos de Araújo E, Martins Soares A, Guerino Stabeli R, Freire Celedonio Fernandes C, Pavan Zuliani J, Dos Santos Pereira S. Preclinical evaluation of single domain antibody efficacy in mitigating local tissue damage induced by Bothrops snake envenomation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112215. [PMID: 38744173 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Camelid single-domain antibodies (VHH) represent a promising class of immunobiologicals for therapeutic applications due to their remarkable stability, specificity, and therapeutic potential. To enhance the effectiveness of antivenoms for snakebites, various methods have been explored to address limitations associated with serum therapy, particularly focusing on mitigating local damage and ensuring sustainable production. Our study aimed to characterize the pharmacological profile and neutralization capacity of anti-Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) monomeric VHH (Genbank accessions: KC329718). Using a post-envenoming mouse model, we used intravital microscopy to assess leukocyte influx, measured CK and LDH levels, and conducted a histopathology analysis to evaluate VHH KC329718's ability to neutralize myotoxic activity. Our findings demonstrated that VHH KC329718 exhibited heterogeneous distribution in muscle tissue. Treatment with VHH KC329718 reduced leukocyte influx caused by BthTX-I (a Lys-49 PLA2) by 28 %, as observed through intravital microscopy. When administered at a 1:10 ratio [venom or toxin:VHH (w/w)], VHH KC329718 significantly decreased myotoxicity, resulting in a 35-40 % reduction in CK levels from BthTX-I and BthTX-II (an Asp-49 PLA2) and a 60 % decrease in CK levels from B. jararacussu venom. LDH levels also showed reductions of 60%, 80%, and 60% induced by BthTX-I, BthTX-II, and B. jararacussu venom, respectively. Histological analysis confirmed the neutralization potential, displaying a significant reduction in tissue damage and inflammatory cell count in mice treated with VHH KC329718 post B. jararacussu venom inoculation. This study underscores the potential of monomeric anti-PLA2 VHH in mitigating myotoxic effects, suggesting a promising avenue for the development of new generation antivenoms to address current therapeutic limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidiane Dantas Reis Prado
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, unidade Rondônia, 76812-245, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Nairo Brilhante-DA-Silva
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, unidade Rondônia, 76812-245, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Mauro Valentino Paloschi
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, unidade Rondônia, 76812-245, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Sibele Andrade Roberto
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, unidade Rondônia, 76812-245, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, Fiocruz Rondônia and Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, 76801-974 Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Breno Cardim Barreto
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, IGM, Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710, unidade Bahia, Salvador-BA, Brazil
| | - Juliana Fraga Vasconcelos
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, IGM, Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710, unidade Bahia, Salvador-BA, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, IGM, Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710, unidade Bahia, Salvador-BA, Brazil; Health Technology Institute, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, 41650-010, BA, Brazil
| | - Rainery Monteiro de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, unidade Rondônia, 76812-245, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, Fiocruz Rondônia and Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, 76801-974 Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Thifany Foschiera de Melo
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, unidade Rondônia, 76812-245, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle de Souza Santos
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, unidade Rondônia, 76812-245, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Eliza Lima Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, unidade Rondônia, 76812-245, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Bruna Eugenia Souza de Jesus
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, unidade Rondônia, 76812-245, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, Fiocruz Rondônia and Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, 76801-974 Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Erika Crhistina Santos de Araújo
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Educação Aplicadas à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho-RO and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental, INCT EpiAmO, 76812-245, Brazil
| | - Andreimar Martins Soares
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Educação Aplicadas à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho-RO and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental, INCT EpiAmO, 76812-245, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, Fiocruz Rondônia and Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, 76801-974 Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Guerino Stabeli
- Plataforma Bi-institucional de Medicina Translacional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-USP, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Freire Celedonio Fernandes
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz unidade Ceará, 61760-000, Eusebio- CE, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pavan Zuliani
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, unidade Rondônia, 76812-245, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, Fiocruz Rondônia and Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, 76801-974 Porto Velho-RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Soraya Dos Santos Pereira
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, unidade Rondônia, 76812-245, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, Fiocruz Rondônia and Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, 76801-974 Porto Velho-RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.
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Li C, Li T, Tian X, An W, Wang Z, Han B, Tao H, Wang J, Wang X. Research progress on the PEGylation of therapeutic proteins and peptides (TPPs). Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1353626. [PMID: 38523641 PMCID: PMC10960368 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1353626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
With the rapid advancement of genetic and protein engineering, proteins and peptides have emerged as promising drug molecules for therapeutic applications. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in the field of chemical modification technology to address challenges associated with their clinical use, including rapid clearance from circulation, immunogenicity, physical and chemical instabilities (such as aggregation, adsorption, deamination, clipping, oxidation, etc.), and enzymatic degradation. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification offers an effective solution to these issues due to its favorable properties. This review presents recent progress in the development and application of PEGylated therapeutic proteins and peptides (TPPs). For this purpose, firstly, the physical and chemical properties as well as classification of PEG and its derivatives are described. Subsequently, a detailed summary is provided on the main sites of PEGylated TPPs and the factors that influence their PEGylation. Furthermore, notable instances of PEG-modified TPPs (including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), interferon, asparaginase and antibodies) are highlighted. Finally, we propose the chemical modification of TPPs with PEG, followed by an analysis of the current development status and future prospects of PEGylated TPPs. This work provides a comprehensive literature review in this promising field while facilitating researchers in utilizing PEG polymers to modify TPPs for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Li
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinya Tian
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Wei An
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Han
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jinquan Wang
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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Zheng Y, Li Y, Ke C, Duan M, Zhu L, Zhou X, Yang M, Jiang ZX, Chen S. Jellyfish-inspired smart tetraphenylethene lipids with unique AIE fluorescence, thermal response, and cell membrane interaction. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2373-2383. [PMID: 38349037 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02068a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Smart lipids with fluorescence emission, thermal response, and polyethylene glycolation (PEGylation) functions can be highly valuable for formulation, image-traceable delivery, and targeted release of payloads. Herein, a series of jellyfish-shaped amphiphiles with a tetraphenylethene (TPE) core and four symmetrical amphiphilic side chains were conveniently synthesized and systematically investigated as smart lipids. Compared with regular amphiphilic TPE lipids and phospholipids, the unprecedented jellyfish-shaped molecular geometry was found to enable a series of valuable capabilities, including sensitive and responsive aggregation-induced emission of fluorescence (AIE FL) and real-time FL monitoring of drug uptake. Furthermore, the jellyfish-shaped geometry facilitated the concentration-dependent aggregation from unimolecular micelles at low concentrations to "side-by-side" spherical aggregates at high concentrations and a unique mode of AIE. In addition, the size and the arrangement of the amphiphilic side chains were found to dominate the aggregate stability, cell uptake, and thus the cytotoxicity of the amphiphiles. This study has unprecedentedly developed versatile smart TPE lipids with precise structures, and unique physicochemical and biological properties while the peculiar structure-property relationship may shed new light on the design and application of AIE fluorophores and functional lipids in biomedicine and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Changsheng Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mojie Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Lijun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Minghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
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Van Campenhout R, De Groof TWM, Kadam P, Kwak BR, Muyldermans S, Devoogdt N, Vinken M. Nanobody-based pannexin1 channel inhibitors reduce inflammation in acute liver injury. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:371. [PMID: 37821897 PMCID: PMC10566086 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The opening of pannexin1 channels is considered as a key event in inflammation. Pannexin1 channel-mediated release of adenosine triphosphate triggers inflammasome signaling and activation of immune cells. By doing so, pannexin1 channels play an important role in several inflammatory diseases. Although pannexin1 channel inhibition could represent a novel clinical strategy for treatment of inflammatory disorders, therapeutic pannexin1 channel targeting is impeded by the lack of specific, potent and/or in vivo-applicable inhibitors. The goal of this study is to generate nanobody-based inhibitors of pannexin1 channels. RESULTS Pannexin1-targeting nanobodies were developed as potential new pannexin1 channel inhibitors. We identified 3 cross-reactive nanobodies that showed affinity for both murine and human pannexin1 proteins. Flow cytometry experiments revealed binding capacities in the nanomolar range. Moreover, the pannexin1-targeting nanobodies were found to block pannexin1 channel-mediated release of adenosine triphosphate. The pannexin1-targeting nanobodies were also demonstrated to display anti-inflammatory effects in vitro through reduction of interleukin 1 beta amounts. This anti-inflammatory outcome was reproduced in vivo using a human-relevant mouse model of acute liver disease relying on acetaminophen overdosing. More specifically, the pannexin1-targeting nanobodies lowered serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and diminished liver damage. These effects were linked with alteration of the expression of several NLRP3 inflammasome components. CONCLUSIONS This study introduced for the first time specific, potent and in vivo-applicable nanobody-based inhibitors of pannexin1 channels. As demonstrated for the case of liver disease, the pannexin1-targeting nanobodies hold great promise as anti-inflammatory agents, yet this should be further tested for extrahepatic inflammatory disorders. Moreover, the pannexin1-targeting nanobodies represent novel tools for fundamental research regarding the role of pannexin1 channels in pathological and physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raf Van Campenhout
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Timo W M De Groof
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Prashant Kadam
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Bioengineering Sciences Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
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Mustafa MI, Mohammed A. Revolutionizing antiviral therapy with nanobodies: Generation and prospects. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 39:e00803. [PMID: 37332617 PMCID: PMC10276140 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
As the world continues to grapple with infectious diseases, scientists are constantly searching for effective ways to combat these deadly pathogens. One promising avenue of research is the use of nanobodies as neutralization agents. These small proteins, derived from camelid antibodies, have several unique advantages over traditional antibodies, including their small size. Nanobodies are much smaller than conventional antibodies, typically weighing in at around 15 kDa compared to the 150 kDa of a typical human antibody. This small size allows them to penetrate into tight spaces that larger molecules cannot reach, such as the crevices on the surface of viruses or bacteria. This makes them highly effective at neutralizing viruses by binding to and blocking their key functional sites. In this mini-review we discuss the construction approaches of nanobodies, and some methods to increase the half-life of nanobodies. Moreover, we discuss Nanobodies and their therapeutic potential for infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujahed I. Mustafa
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied and Industrial Sciences, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ahmed Mohammed
- Department of biotechnology, school of life sciences and technology, Omdurman Islamic university, Omdurman, Sudan
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Liang C, Huang W, Zhang Y, Zhang D, An S, Wu Q, Zhao H, Wang C, Huang G, Wei W, Liu J. ImmunoPET Imaging of CD47 with VHH-Derived Tracers in Pancreatic Cancers. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4184-4195. [PMID: 37403817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a malignant tumor with insidious onset, rapid progression, and a very poor prognosis. CD47 is a transmembrane protein associated with the development and poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of novel immunoPET tracers targeting CD47 in preclinical pancreatic cancer models. The association of CD47 expression with pancreatic cancer was analyzed using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis platform. Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays was performed to detect CD47 expression in PDAC. CD47 expression levels on BxPC-3 and AsPC-1 cell membranes were compared using flow cytometry. A VHH (C2)-targeting human CD47 and its albumin-binding derivative (ABDC2) were labeled with 68Ga or 89Zr, respectively. The developed tracers were evaluated by immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) imaging in tumor-bearing nude and CD47-humanized mice. [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-C2 effectively detected tumor lesions in nude mice models and further showed confirmative imaging capacity in CD47-humanized PDAC models. Compared with [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-C2, [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ABDC2 had a significantly prolonged circulation time, increased tumor uptake, and reduced accumulation in the kidneys. Finally, biodistribution and histological staining confirmed the results of the immunoPET imaging studies. In this study, we validated that two novel VHH-derived molecular imaging tracers for immunoPET imaging ([68Ga]Ga-NOTA-C2 and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ABDC2) can effectively annotate CD47 expression and diagnose PDAC in a target-specific manner. Clinical application of the imaging strategies may help select patients for CD47-targeted therapies and assess the response thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Liang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - You Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shuxian An
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qianyun Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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Vollmar BS, Fei M, Liang WC, Bravo DD, Wang J, Yu L, Corr N, Zhang G, McNamara E, Masih S, Chee E, Shin G, Ohri R, Leipold DD, Wu C, Dere E, Wang J, Huang H, Wu Y, Yan M. PEGylation of anti-MerTK Antibody Modulates Ocular Biodistribution. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1837-1851. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Breanna S. Vollmar
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mingjian Fei
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wei-Ching Liang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Daniel D. Bravo
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joy Wang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lanlan Yu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nick Corr
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gu Zhang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Erin McNamara
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shabkhaiz Masih
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Elin Chee
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gawon Shin
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rachana Ohri
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Douglas D. Leipold
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cong Wu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Edward Dere
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jianyong Wang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Haochu Huang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yan Wu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Minhong Yan
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Chen J, Huang C, Zhao W, Ren J, Ji F, Jia L. SnoopLigase Enables Highly Efficient Generation of C-C-Linked Bispecific Nanobodies Targeting TNF-α and IL-17A. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1446-1455. [PMID: 35938675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (bis-Nbs) have been extensively developed since the concept was devised over the decades. Taking advantage of the superior characteristics of nanobodies, bis-Nbs exhibit an emerging tendency to become the new generation of research and diagnostic tools. Traditional strategies to connect the homo- or heterogeneous monomers are commonly applied, but there are still technical issues to generate the bispecific molecules as efficiently as designed. Here, we utilize SnoopLigase to directly tether the C terminus (C-C) of the tagged nanobodies against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-17A (IL-17A). Under optimal conditions, the yield of C-C-linked bis-Nbs can reach as high as 70% due to the existence of SnoopLigase. The prepared bis-Nbs possessed similar or even higher affinity as the monomers and significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) induced by TNF-α and IL-17A. This study provides an innovative route for using SnoopLigase to realize a highly efficient generation of C-C-linked bis-Nbs. The approach can be applied to different and multicomponent systems for their potential applications in disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Chen
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Chundong Huang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ren
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Fangling Ji
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Jia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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9
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Moliner-Morro A, McInerney GM, Hanke L. Nanobodies in the limelight: Multifunctional tools in the fight against viruses. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 35579613 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are natural antivirals generated by the vertebrate immune system in response to viral infection or vaccination. Unsurprisingly, they are also key molecules in the virologist's molecular toolbox. With new developments in methods for protein engineering, protein functionalization and application, smaller antibody-derived fragments are moving in focus. Among these, camelid-derived nanobodies play a prominent role. Nanobodies can replace full-sized antibodies in most applications and enable new possible applications for which conventional antibodies are challenging to use. Here we review the versatile nature of nanobodies, discuss their promise as antiviral therapeutics, for diagnostics, and their suitability as research tools to uncover novel aspects of viral infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Moliner-Morro
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerald M McInerney
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Bivalent single domain antibody constructs for effective neutralization of Venezuelan equine encephalitis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:700. [PMID: 35027600 PMCID: PMC8758676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a mosquito borne alphavirus which leads to high viremia in equines followed by lethal encephalitis and lateral spread to humans. In addition to naturally occurring outbreaks, VEEV is a potential biothreat agent with no approved human vaccine or therapeutic currently available. Single domain antibodies (sdAb), also known as nanobodies, have the potential to be effective therapeutic agents. Using an immune phage display library derived from a llama immunized with an equine vaccine that included inactivated VEEV, five sdAb sequence families were identified that showed varying ability to neutralize VEEV. One of the sequence families had been identified previously in selections against chikungunya virus, a related alphavirus of public health concern. A key advantage of sdAb is the ability to optimize properties such as neutralization capacity through protein engineering. Neutralization of VEEV was improved by two orders of magnitude by genetically linking sdAb. One of the bivalent constructs showed effective neutralization of both VEEV and chikungunya virus. Several of the bivalent constructs neutralized VEEV in cell-based assays with reductions in the number of plaques by 50% at protein concentrations of 1 ng/mL or lower, making future evaluation of their therapeutic potential compelling.
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11
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Ruiz-López E, Schuhmacher AJ. Transportation of Single-Domain Antibodies through the Blood-Brain Barrier. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081131. [PMID: 34439797 PMCID: PMC8394617 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-domain antibodies derive from the heavy-chain-only antibodies of Camelidae (camel, dromedary, llama, alpaca, vicuñas, and guananos; i.e., nanobodies) and cartilaginous fishes (i.e., VNARs). Their small size, antigen specificity, plasticity, and potential to recognize unique conformational epitopes represent a diagnostic and therapeutic opportunity for many central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. However, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) poses a challenge for their delivery into the brain parenchyma. Nevertheless, numerous neurological diseases and brain pathologies, including cancer, result in BBB leakiness favoring single-domain antibodies uptake into the CNS. Some single-domain antibodies have been reported to naturally cross the BBB. In addition, different strategies and methods to deliver both nanobodies and VNARs into the brain parenchyma can be exploited when the BBB is intact. These include device-based and physicochemical disruption of the BBB, receptor and adsorptive-mediated transcytosis, somatic gene transfer, and the use of carriers/shuttles such as cell-penetrating peptides, liposomes, extracellular vesicles, and nanoparticles. Approaches based on single-domain antibodies are reaching the clinic for other diseases. Several tailoring methods can be followed to favor the transport of nanobodies and VNARs to the CNS, avoiding the limitations imposed by the BBB to fulfill their therapeutic, diagnostic, and theragnostic promises for the benefit of patients suffering from CNS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Ruiz-López
- Molecular Oncology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Alberto J. Schuhmacher
- Molecular Oncology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Fundación Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo (ARAID), 500018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence:
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12
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Li L, Zhu Y, Liu M, Jin D, Zhang L, Cheng J, Liu Y. Conjugation of oxaliplatin with PEGylated-nanobody for enhancing tumor targeting and prolonging circulation. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 223:111553. [PMID: 34340059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a platinum-based drug used in clinic for cancer chemotherapy. Despite of its success, the non-selective effect on normal cells causes severe side-effects and hampers its applications. Targeted delivery of oxaliplatin to cancer cells is an effective approach to enhance drug efficacy and reduce adverse effect. In this work, the Pt(IV) prodrug of oxaliplatin has been conjugated to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) modified nanobody in order to achieve tumor targeting as well as improved circulation in vivo. The Pt(IV) prodrug was site-specifically linked to an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) nanobody, so that the drug can be accumulated more pronounced in EGFR positive tumor cells than in normal cells. The effect of different length of PEG on the drug circulation has been investigated, while the fusion of anti-albumin nanobody was used for comparison. The result demonstrates that the prolonged drug circulation significantly increases the in vivo drug efficiency of the oxaliplatin-nanobody conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Manman Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Duo Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
| | - Junjie Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Yangzhong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
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13
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Van Campenhout R, Muyldermans S, Vinken M, Devoogdt N, De Groof TW. Therapeutic Nanobodies Targeting Cell Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins: A High-Risk/High-Gain Endeavor. Biomolecules 2021; 11:63. [PMID: 33418902 PMCID: PMC7825061 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell plasma membrane proteins are considered as gatekeepers of the cell and play a major role in regulating various processes. Transport proteins constitute a subclass of cell plasma membrane proteins enabling the exchange of molecules and ions between the extracellular environment and the cytosol. A plethora of human pathologies are associated with the altered expression or dysfunction of cell plasma membrane transport proteins, making them interesting therapeutic drug targets. However, the search for therapeutics is challenging, since many drug candidates targeting cell plasma membrane proteins fail in (pre)clinical testing due to inadequate selectivity, specificity, potency or stability. These latter characteristics are met by nanobodies, which potentially renders them eligible therapeutics targeting cell plasma membrane proteins. Therefore, a therapeutic nanobody-based strategy seems a valid approach to target and modulate the activity of cell plasma membrane transport proteins. This review paper focuses on methodologies to generate cell plasma membrane transport protein-targeting nanobodies, and the advantages and pitfalls while generating these small antibody-derivatives, and discusses several therapeutic nanobodies directed towards transmembrane proteins, including channels and pores, adenosine triphosphate-powered pumps and porters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raf Van Campenhout
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (R.V.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (R.V.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Timo W.M. De Groof
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium;
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14
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Lin SN, Wuite GJ, Dame RT. Effect of Different Crowding Agents on the Architectural Properties of the Bacterial Nucleoid-Associated Protein HU. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249553. [PMID: 33334011 PMCID: PMC7765392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
HU is a nucleoid-associated protein expressed in most eubacteria at a high amount of copies (tens of thousands). The protein is believed to bind across the genome to organize and compact the DNA. Most of the studies on HU have been carried out in a simple in vitro system, and to what extent these observations can be extrapolated to a living cell is unclear. In this study, we investigate the DNA binding properties of HU under conditions approximating physiological ones. We report that these properties are influenced by both macromolecular crowding and salt conditions. We use three different crowding agents (blotting grade blocker (BGB), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG8000)) as well as two different MgCl2 conditions to mimic the intracellular environment. Using tethered particle motion (TPM), we show that the transition between two binding regimes, compaction and extension of the HU protein, is strongly affected by crowding agents. Our observations suggest that magnesium ions enhance the compaction of HU–DNA and suppress filamentation, while BGB and BSA increase the local concentration of the HU protein by more than 4-fold. Moreover, BGB and BSA seem to suppress filament formation. On the other hand, PEG8000 is not a good crowding agent for concentrations above 9% (w/v), because it might interact with DNA, the protein, and/or surfaces. Together, these results reveal a complex interplay between the HU protein and the various crowding agents that should be taken into consideration when using crowding agents to mimic an in vivo system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ning Lin
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs J.L. Wuite
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (G.J.L.W.); (R.T.D.)
| | - Remus T. Dame
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Centre for Microbial Cell Biology, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (G.J.L.W.); (R.T.D.)
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15
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Bathula NV, Bommadevara H, Hayes JM. Nanobodies: The Future of Antibody-Based Immune Therapeutics. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 36:109-122. [PMID: 32936001 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.3941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy is a fast evolving treatment strategy to reduce unwanted damage to healthy tissues, while increasing efficacy and specificity. Driven by state-of-the-art technology, this therapeutic approach is especially true of cancer. Antibodies with their remarkable specificity have revolutionized therapeutic strategies for autoimmune conditions and cancer, particularly blood-borne cancers, but have severe limitations in treating solid tumors. This is mainly due to their large molecular size, low stability, tumor-tissue penetration difficulties, and pharmacokinetic properties. The tumor microenvironment, rich in immune-suppressing molecules is also a major barrier in targeting solid tumors by antibody-based drugs. Nanobodies have recently emerged as an alternative therapeutic agent to overcome some of the drawbacks of traditional antibody treatment. Nanobodies are the VHH domains found on the heavy-chain only antibodies of camelids and are the smallest naturally available antibody fragments with excellent antigen-binding specificity and affinity, equivalent to conventional antibodies but with molecular weights as low as 15 kDa. The compact size, high stability, enhanced hydrophilicity, particularly in framework regions, excellent epitope interactions with protruding CDR3 regions, and improved tissue penetration make nanobodies the next-generation therapeutics (Nano-BioDrugs). In this review, the authors discuss the interesting properties of nanobodies and their advantages over their conventional counterparts and provide insight into how nanobodies are being utilized as agonists and antagonists, bispecific constructs, and drug and enzyme-conjugates to combat the tumor microenvironment and treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuthan V Bathula
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hemashree Bommadevara
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jerrard M Hayes
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Ji X, Han T, Kang N, Huang S, Liu Y. Preparation of RGD4C fused anti-TNFα nanobody and inhibitory activity on triple-negative breast cancer in vivo. Life Sci 2020; 260:118274. [PMID: 32827545 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is not sensitive to current endocrine treatments, so new treatment strategies need to be explored. Based on previous antitumour studies on anti-TNFα nanobody, we designed a novel fusion nanobody to enhance antitumour activity of the anti-TNFα nanobody in TNBC. MAIN METHODS The RGD4C contains RGD sequence, which is the smallest recognition unit binding to the αvβ3 receptor on tumour cell membranes and involved in tumour cell adhesion, proliferation, and metastasis. RGD4C was fused to anti-TNFα nanobody to investigate the antitumour activity in vitro and in vivo. KEY FINDINGS The antitumour effects of fusion nanobody V-L-R-H could effectively bind to αvβ3 and inhibit cell migration and proliferation of MDA-MB-231, which had satisfying purification efficiency and approving antigen or receptor binding activity. V-L-R-H could inhibit the TNFα-mediated PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signal pathway and integrin αvβ3 correlative FAK focal adhesion signal pathway. Mouse xenograft tumour experiments showed that the V-L-R-H could inhibit tumour proliferation and metastasis; reduce the TNFα, HIFα, Ki67, and CD31 concentrations in tumour; and inhibit the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. SIGNIFICANCE The fusion nanobody enhanced antitumour activity of the anti-TNFα nanobody on TNBC. It provided a reference for the design of dual functional fusion proteins and development of tumour treatment strategies of antagonistic TNFα and αvβ3, and a new therapeutic strategy and research direction for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Ji
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Tianzhen Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Nannan Kang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Song Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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17
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Khodabakhsh F, Salimian M, Mehdizadeh A, Khosravy MS, Vafabakhsh A, Karami E, Cohan RA. New Proline, Alanine, Serine Repeat Sequence for Pharmacokinetic Enhancement of Anti-VEGF Single-Domain Antibody. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 375:69-75. [PMID: 32669367 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic fragmented antibodies show a poor pharmacokinetic profile that leads to frequent high-dose administration. In the current study, for the first time, a novel proline, alanine, serine (PAS) repeat sequence called PAS#208 was designed to extend the plasma half-life of a nanosized anti-vascular endothelial growth factor-A single-domain antibody. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, circular dichroism, dynamic light scattering, and electrophoretic light scattering were used to assess the physicochemical properties of the newly designed PAS sequence. The effect of PAS#208 on the biologic activity of a single-domain antibody was studied using an in vitro proliferation assay. The pharmacokinetic parameters, including terminal half-life, the volume of distribution, elimination rate constant, and clearance, were determined in mice model and compared with the native protein and PAS#1(200) sequence. The novel PAS repeat sequence showed comparable physicochemical, biologic, and pharmacokinetic features to the previously reported PAS#1(200) sequence. The PAS#208 increased the hydrodynamic radius and decreased significantly the electrophoretic mobility of the native protein without any change in zeta potential. Surprisingly, the fusion of PAS#208 to the single-domain antibody increased the binding potency. In addition, it did not alter the biologic activity and did not show any cytotoxicity on the normal cells. The PAS#208 sequence improved the terminal half-life (14-fold) as well as other pharmacokinetic parameters significantly. The simplicity as well as superior effects on half-life extension make PAS#208 sequence a novel sequence for in vivo pharmacokinetic enhancement of therapeutic fragmented antibodies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In the current study, a new proline, alanine, serine (PAS) sequence was developed that showed comparable physicochemical, biological, and pharmacokinetic features to the previously reported PAS#1(200) sequence. The simplicity as well as superior effects on half-life extension make PAS#208 sequence a novel sequence for in vivo pharmacokinetic enhancement of recombinant small proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Khodabakhsh
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (F.K.); Department of Medical Laboratory, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran (M.S.); Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (A.M.); Department of Rabies, Virology Research Group (S.K.) and Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group (R.A.C.), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; and Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (A.V., E.K.)
| | - Morteza Salimian
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (F.K.); Department of Medical Laboratory, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran (M.S.); Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (A.M.); Department of Rabies, Virology Research Group (S.K.) and Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group (R.A.C.), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; and Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (A.V., E.K.)
| | - Ardavan Mehdizadeh
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (F.K.); Department of Medical Laboratory, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran (M.S.); Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (A.M.); Department of Rabies, Virology Research Group (S.K.) and Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group (R.A.C.), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; and Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (A.V., E.K.)
| | - Mohammad Sadeq Khosravy
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (F.K.); Department of Medical Laboratory, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran (M.S.); Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (A.M.); Department of Rabies, Virology Research Group (S.K.) and Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group (R.A.C.), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; and Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (A.V., E.K.)
| | - Alireza Vafabakhsh
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (F.K.); Department of Medical Laboratory, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran (M.S.); Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (A.M.); Department of Rabies, Virology Research Group (S.K.) and Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group (R.A.C.), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; and Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (A.V., E.K.)
| | - Elmira Karami
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (F.K.); Department of Medical Laboratory, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran (M.S.); Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (A.M.); Department of Rabies, Virology Research Group (S.K.) and Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group (R.A.C.), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; and Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (A.V., E.K.)
| | - Reza Ahangari Cohan
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (F.K.); Department of Medical Laboratory, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran (M.S.); Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (A.M.); Department of Rabies, Virology Research Group (S.K.) and Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group (R.A.C.), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; and Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (A.V., E.K.)
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18
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Hebbrecht T, Liu J, Zwaenepoel O, Boddin G, Van Leene C, Decoene K, Madder A, Braeckmans K, Gettemans J. Nanobody click chemistry for convenient site-specific fluorescent labelling, single step immunocytochemistry and delivery into living cells by photoporation and live cell imaging. N Biotechnol 2020; 59:33-43. [PMID: 32659511 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While conventional antibodies have been an instrument of choice in immunocytochemistry for some time, their small counterparts known as nanobodies have been much less frequently used for this purpose. In this study we took advantage of the availability of nanobody cDNAs to site-specifically introduce a non-standard amino acid carrying an azide/alkyne moiety, allowing subsequent Cu(I)-catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Click Chemistry (CuAAC). This generated a fluorescently labelled nanobody that can be used in single step immunocytochemistry as compared to conventional two step immunocytochemistry. Two strategies were explored to label nanobodies with Alexa Fluor 488. The first involved enzymatic addition of an alkyne-containing peptide to nanobodies using sortase A, while the second consisted of incorporating para-azido phenylalanine at the nanobody C-terminus. Through these approaches, the fluorophore was covalently and site-specifically attached. It was demonstrated that cortactin and β-catenin, cytoskeletal and adherens junction proteins respectively, can be imaged in cells in this manner through single step immunocytochemistry. However, fixation and permeabilization of cells can alter native protein structure and form a dense cross-linked protein network, encumbering antibody binding. It was shown that photoporation prior to fixation not only allowed delivery of nanobodies into living cells, but also facilitated β-catenin nanobody Nb86 imaging of its target, which was not possible in fixed cells. Pharmacological inhibitors are lacking for many non-enzymatic proteins, and it is therefore expected that new biological information will be obtained through photoporation of fluorescent nanobodies, which allows the study of short term effects, independent of gene-dependent (intrabody) expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hebbrecht
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Jing Liu
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Olivier Zwaenepoel
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Boddin
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Chloé Van Leene
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Klaas Decoene
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium; Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Jan Gettemans
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium.
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19
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Zhang J, Yuan Y, Li Y, Yang H, Zhang H, Chen S, Zhou X, Yang Z, Jiang ZX. Synthesis of Branched Monodisperse Oligoethylene Glycols and 19F MRI-Traceable Biomaterials through Reductive Dimerization of Azides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6778-6787. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovative Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Huaibin Zhang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovative Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovative Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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20
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Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a paradigm-shifting molecular imaging modality combining the superior targeting specificity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) and the inherent sensitivity of PET technique. A variety of radionuclides and mAbs have been exploited to develop immunoPET probes, which has been driven by the development and optimization of radiochemistry and conjugation strategies. In addition, tumor-targeting vectors with a short circulation time (e.g., Nanobody) or with an enhanced binding affinity (e.g., bispecific antibody) are being used to design novel immunoPET probes. Accordingly, several immunoPET probes, such as 89Zr-Df-pertuzumab and 89Zr-atezolizumab, have been successfully translated for clinical use. By noninvasively and dynamically revealing the expression of heterogeneous tumor antigens, immunoPET imaging is gradually changing the theranostic landscape of several types of malignancies. ImmunoPET is the method of choice for imaging specific tumor markers, immune cells, immune checkpoints, and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the integration of immunoPET imaging in antibody drug development is of substantial significance because it provides pivotal information regarding antibody targeting abilities and distribution profiles. Herein, we present the latest immunoPET imaging strategies and their preclinical and clinical applications. We also emphasize current conjugation strategies that can be leveraged to develop next-generation immunoPET probes. Lastly, we discuss practical considerations to tune the development and translation of immunoPET imaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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21
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Glassman PM, Walsh LR, Villa CH, Marcos-Contreras OA, Hood ED, Muzykantov VR, Greineder CF. Molecularly Engineered Nanobodies for Tunable Pharmacokinetics and Drug Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1144-1155. [PMID: 32167754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of single-domain antibody fragments, or nanobodies, has gained popularity in recent years as an alternative to traditional monoclonal antibody-based approaches. Relatively little is known, however, about the utility of nanobodies as targeting agents for delivery of therapeutic cargoes, particularly to vascular epitopes or in the setting of acute inflammatory conditions. We used a nanobody (VCAMelid) directed against mouse vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and techniques for site-specific radiolabeling and bioconjugation to measure targeting to sites of constitutive and inducible antigen expression and investigate the impact of various characteristics (affinity, valence, circulation time) on nanobody biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. Engineering of VCAMelid for bivalent binding (BiVCAMelid) increased affinity by an order of magnitude and provided 2.8- and 3.6-fold enhancements in splenic and brain targeting in naive mice, with a further 2.6-fold increase in brain uptake in the setting of focal CNS inflammation. In contrast, introduction of an albumin-binding arm (VCAM/ALB8) did not affect binding affinity, but its prolonged circulation time resulted in 3.5-fold and 17.4-fold increases in splenic and brain uptake at 20 min post-dose and remarkable 40-, 25-, and 15-fold enhancements in overall exposure of blood, spleen, and brain, respectively, relative to both VCAMelid and BiVCAMelid. Both therapeutic protein (superoxide dismutase, SOD-1) and nanocarrier (liposome) delivery were enhanced by conjugation to VCAM-1 targeted nanobodies. The bispecific VCAM/ALB8 maintained its superiority over VCAMelid in enhancing both circulation time and organ targeting of SOD-1, but its advantages were largely blunted by conjugation to liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Glassman
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Landis R Walsh
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Carlos H Villa
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Oscar A Marcos-Contreras
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Elizabeth D Hood
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Colin F Greineder
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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22
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Synthesis of a metal-chelating polymer with NOTA pendants as a carrier for 64Cu, intended for radioimmunotherapy. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Khodabakhsh F, Behdani M, Rami A, Kazemi-Lomedasht F. Single-Domain Antibodies or Nanobodies: A Class of Next-Generation Antibodies. Int Rev Immunol 2019; 37:316-322. [DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2018.1526932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Khodabakhsh
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behdani
- Venom & Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab., Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rami
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kazemi-Lomedasht
- Venom & Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab., Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Li Y, Wang X, Chen Y, Yang Z, Jiang ZX. Monodisperse polyethylene glycol "brushes" with enhanced lipophilicity, and thermo and plasma stability. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1895-1898. [PMID: 30667418 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09151j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A convenient strategy was developed for highly branched and multifunctionalized peptidic monodisperse polyethylene glycol "brushes", which exhibit remarkable physicochemical and biological properties and potential as versatile biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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25
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Warnders FJ, Lub-de Hooge MN, de Vries EGE, Kosterink JGW. Influence of protein properties and protein modification on biodistribution and tumor uptake of anticancer antibodies, antibody derivatives, and non-Ig scaffolds. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1837-1873. [PMID: 29635825 DOI: 10.1002/med.21498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Newly developed protein drugs that target tumor-associated antigens are often modified in order to increase their therapeutic effect, tumor exposure, and safety profile. During the development of protein drugs, molecular imaging is increasingly used to provide additional information on their in vivo behavior. As a result, there are increasing numbers of studies that demonstrate the effect of protein modification on whole body distribution and tumor uptake of protein drugs. However, much still remains unclear about how to interpret obtained biodistribution data correctly. Consequently, there is a need for more insight in the correct way of interpreting preclinical and clinical imaging data. Summarizing the knowledge gained to date may facilitate this interpretation. This review therefore provides an overview of specific protein properties and modifications that can affect biodistribution and tumor uptake of anticancer antibodies, antibody fragments, and nonimmunoglobulin scaffolds. Protein properties that are discussed in this review are molecular size, target interaction, FcRn binding, and charge. Protein modifications that are discussed are radiolabeling, fluorescent labeling drug conjugation, glycosylation, humanization, albumin binding, and polyethylene glycolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank-Jan Warnders
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn N Lub-de Hooge
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth G E de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos G W Kosterink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology & Economy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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26
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Schumacher D, Helma J, Schneider AFL, Leonhardt H, Hackenberger CPR. Nanobodies: Chemical Functionalization Strategies and Intracellular Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2314-2333. [PMID: 28913971 PMCID: PMC5838514 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanobodies can be seen as next-generation tools for the recognition and modulation of antigens that are inaccessible to conventional antibodies. Due to their compact structure and high stability, nanobodies see frequent usage in basic research, and their chemical functionalization opens the way towards promising diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In this Review, central aspects of nanobody functionalization are presented, together with selected applications. While early conjugation strategies relied on the random modification of natural amino acids, more recent studies have focused on the site-specific attachment of functional moieties. Such techniques include chemoenzymatic approaches, expressed protein ligation, and amber suppression in combination with bioorthogonal modification strategies. Recent applications range from sophisticated imaging and mass spectrometry to the delivery of nanobodies into living cells for the visualization and manipulation of intracellular antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schumacher
- Chemical Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare, Pharmakologie and Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Department of Biology IILudwig Maximilians Universität München und Center for Integrated Protein Science MunichMartinsriedGermany
| | - Jonas Helma
- Department of Biology IILudwig Maximilians Universität München und Center for Integrated Protein Science MunichMartinsriedGermany
| | - Anselm F. L. Schneider
- Chemical Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare, Pharmakologie and Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Department of Biology IILudwig Maximilians Universität München und Center for Integrated Protein Science MunichMartinsriedGermany
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27
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Schumacher D, Helma J, Schneider AFL, Leonhardt H, Hackenberger CPR. Nanobodys: Strategien zur chemischen Funktionalisierung und intrazelluläre Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schumacher
- Chemische Biologie, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie; Institut für Chemie; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Deutschland
- Department Biologie II; Ludwig Maximilians Universität München und Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich; Martinsried Deutschland
| | - Jonas Helma
- Department Biologie II; Ludwig Maximilians Universität München und Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich; Martinsried Deutschland
| | - Anselm F. L. Schneider
- Chemische Biologie, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie; Institut für Chemie; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Deutschland
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Department Biologie II; Ludwig Maximilians Universität München und Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich; Martinsried Deutschland
| | - Christian P. R. Hackenberger
- Chemische Biologie, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie; Institut für Chemie; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Deutschland
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28
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Unilamellar polyion complex vesicles (PICsomes) with tunable permeabilities for macromolecular solutes with different shapes and sizes. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Wang X, Lv L, Qin K, Yuan H, Zhang F, Chen G, Xiu Z. Effects of linear and branched polyethylene glycol on PEGylation of recombinant hirudin: Reaction kinetics and in vitro and in vivo bioactivities. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Khodabakhsh F, Norouzian D, Vaziri B, Ahangari Cohan R, Sardari S, Mahboudi F, Behdani M, Mansouri K, Mehdizadeh A. Development of a novel nano-sized anti-VEGFA nanobody with enhanced physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:1402-1414. [PMID: 28841807 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1369426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Since physiological and pathological processes occur at nano-environments, nanotechnology has considered as an efficient tool for designing of next generation specific biomolecules with enhanced pharmacodynamic and pharmacodynamic properties. In the current investigation, by control of the size and hydrodynamic volume at the nanoscale, for the first time, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of an anti-VEGFA nanobody was remarkably improved by attachment of a Proline-Alanine-Serine (PAS) rich sequence. The results elucidated unexpected impressive effects of PAS sequence on physicochemical properties especially on size, hydrodynamics radius, and even solubility of nanobody. CD analysis revealed an increment in random coil structure of the PASylated protein in comparison to native one without any change in charge state or binding kinetic parameters of nanobody assessed by isoelectric focusing and surface plasmon resonance measurements, respectively. In vitro biological activities of nanobody were not affected by coupling of the PAS sequence. In contrast, the terminal half-life was significantly increased by a factor of 14 for the nanobody-PAS after single dose IV injection to the mice. Our study demonstrated that the control of size in the design of small therapeutic proteins has a promising effect on the stability and solubility, in addition to their physiochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. The designed new anti-VEGFA nanobody could promise a better therapeutic agent with a long administration intervals and lower dose, which in turn leads to a better patient compliance. Size adjustment of an anti-VEGF nanobody at the nanoscale by the attachment of a natural PAS polymer remarkably improves physicochemical properties, as well as a pharmacokinetic profile without any change in biological activity of the miniaturized antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Khodabakhsh
- a Department of Nanobiotechnology , Advanced Technology Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran.,b Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Dariush Norouzian
- a Department of Nanobiotechnology , Advanced Technology Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Behrouz Vaziri
- b Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Reza Ahangari Cohan
- a Department of Nanobiotechnology , Advanced Technology Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Soroush Sardari
- c Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology , Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fereidoun Mahboudi
- b Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mahdi Behdani
- d Venom & Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory , Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- e Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Ardavan Mehdizadeh
- f Department of Civil Engineering , Sharif University of Technology , Tehran , Iran
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31
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Chan LJ, Feeney OM, Leong NJ, McLeod VM, Porter CJ, Williams CC, Kaminskas LM. An Evaluation of Optimal PEGylation Strategies for Maximizing the Lymphatic Exposure and Antiviral Activity of Interferon after Subcutaneous Administration. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2866-2875. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Charlotte C. Williams
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Kaminskas
- School
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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32
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Kuan SL, Wang T, Weil T. Site-Selective Disulfide Modification of Proteins: Expanding Diversity beyond the Proteome. Chemistry 2016; 22:17112-17129. [PMID: 27778400 PMCID: PMC5600100 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic transformation of polypeptides with molecular accuracy holds great promise for providing functional and structural diversity beyond the proteome. Consequently, the last decade has seen an exponential growth of site-directed chemistry to install additional features into peptides and proteins even inside living cells. The disulfide rebridging strategy has emerged as a powerful tool for site-selective modifications since most proteins contain disulfide bonds. In this Review, we present the chemical design, advantages and limitations of the disulfide rebridging reagents, while summarizing their relevance for synthetic customization of functional protein bioconjugates, as well as the resultant impact and advancement for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seah Ling Kuan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry IIIUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry IIIUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031P.R. China
| | - Tanja Weil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry IIIUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
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33
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Wu J, Lu S, Zheng Z, Zhu L, Zhan X. Modification with polysialic acid–PEG copolymer as a new method for improving the therapeutic efficacy of proteins. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 46:788-797. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1135463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shaozeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiyong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Abstract
Clostridium difficile continues to be one of the most prevalent hospital-acquired bacterial infections in the developed world, despite the recent introduction of a novel and effective antibiotic agent (fidaxomicin). Alternative approaches under investigation to combat the anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria include fecal transplantation therapy, vaccines, and antibody-based immunotherapies. In this review, we catalog the recent advances in antibody-based approaches under development and in the clinic for the treatment of C. difficile infection. By and large, inhibitory antibodies that recognize the primary C. difficile virulence factors, toxin A and toxin B, are the most popular passive immunotherapies under investigation. We provide a detailed summary of the toxin epitopes recognized by various antitoxin antibodies and discuss general trends on toxin inhibition efficacy. In addition, antibodies to other C. difficile targets, such as surface-layer proteins, binary toxin, motility factors, and adherence and colonization factors, are introduced in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Hussack
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa
| | - Jamshid Tanha
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa; School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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35
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Massa S, Xavier C, Muyldermans S, Devoogdt N. Emerging site-specific bioconjugation strategies for radioimmunotracer development. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1149-63. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1178235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Massa
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catarina Xavier
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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36
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Isarov SA, Lee PW, Pokorski JK. “Graft-to” Protein/Polymer Conjugates Using Polynorbornene Block Copolymers. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:641-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Isarov
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Parker W. Lee
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Rashidian M, Wang L, Edens JG, Jacobsen JT, Hossain I, Wang Q, Victora GD, Vasdev N, Ploegh H, Liang SH. Enzyme-Mediated Modification of Single-Domain Antibodies for Imaging Modalities with Different Characteristics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:528-533. [PMID: 26630549 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are currently the fastest-growing class of therapeutics. Although naked antibodies have proven valuable as pharmaceutical agents, they have some limitations, such as low tissue penetration and a long circulatory half-life. They have been conjugated to toxic payloads, PEGs, or radioisotopes to increase and optimize their therapeutic efficacy. Although nonspecific conjugation is suitable for most in vitro applications, it has become evident that site specifically modified antibodies may have advantages for in vivo applications. Herein we describe a novel approach in which the antibody fragment is tagged with two handles: one for the introduction of a fluorophore or (18)F isotope, and the second for further modification of the fragment with a PEG moiety or a second antibody fragment to tune its circulatory half-life or its avidity. Such constructs, which recognize Class II MHC products and CD11b, showed high avidity and specificity. They were used to image cancers and could detect small tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 (USA)
| | - Jerre G Edens
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142 (USA)
| | | | - Intekhab Hossain
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142 (USA)
| | - Qifan Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 (USA)
| | - Gabriel D Victora
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142 (USA)
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 (USA)
| | - Hidde Ploegh
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142 (USA)
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 (USA)
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Rashidian M, Wang L, Edens JG, Jacobsen JT, Hossain I, Wang Q, Victora GD, Vasdev N, Ploegh H, Liang SH. Enzyme-Mediated Modification of Single-Domain Antibodies for Imaging Modalities with Different Characteristics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Podobnik B, Helk B, Smilović V, Škrajnar Š, Fidler K, Jevševar S, Godwin A, Williams P. Conjugation of PolyPEG to interferon alpha extends serum half-life while maintaining low viscosity of the conjugate. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:452-9. [PMID: 25629733 DOI: 10.1021/bc500523t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to therapeutic proteins is a commonly used approach for extending in vivo half-lives. A potential limitation of this PEGylation strategy is the adverse effect of PEG on conjugate viscosity. Interferon-alpha (IFN) was conjugated via its N-terminal amino group by reductive amination to α-aldehyde functional comb-shaped PolyPEG polymers (50 and 70 kDa) and to linear PEG (30 kDa). In vitro potencies of the purified PEGylated IFN conjugates were measured by reporter gene assay using a HEK293P/ISRE-SEAP cell line. IFN levels were measured in rats following intravenous injection. Viscosities of various linear PEG and PolyPEG polymers along with the polymer-IFN conjugates were determined using a rotational rheometer with cone-and-plate geometry. In vitro potencies and half-lives of the PEGylated IFN conjugates were compared with those of the marketed branched PEG-IFN conjugate PEGASYS. Both PolyPEG-IFN conjugates retained a similar potency as that of the marketed comparator, whereas the linear PEG-IFN conjugate potency was greater. All conjugates showed extended half-lives compared to that of naked IFN, with the PolyPEG conjugates exhibiting the longest half-lives and the linear PEG conjugate, the shortest. Viscosity analysis showed that the linear PEG-IFN conjugate was over twice as viscous as both PolyPEG conjugates. Taken together, this work demonstrates the potential of PolyPEG conjugation to therapeutic proteins as a novel tool for optimizing pharmacokinetic profiles in a way that potentially allows administration of high-dose formulations because of lower conjugate viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Podobnik
- †Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Mengeš, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, SI-1234 Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - B Helk
- ‡Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - V Smilović
- †Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Mengeš, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, SI-1234 Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - Š Škrajnar
- †Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Mengeš, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, SI-1234 Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - K Fidler
- †Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Mengeš, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, SI-1234 Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - S Jevševar
- †Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Mengeš, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, SI-1234 Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - A Godwin
- §PolyTherics Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - P Williams
- ∥PolyTherics Ltd, Unit 4, Vanguard Centre, University of Warwick Science Park, Coventry, CV4 7EZ, United Kingdom
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Cheng TC, Chuang KH, Chen M, Wang HE, Tzou SC, Su YC, Chuang CH, Kao CH, Chen BM, Chang LS, Roffler SR, Cheng TL. Sensitivity of PEGylated interferon detection by anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) antibodies depends on PEG length. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 24:1408-13. [PMID: 23837865 DOI: 10.1021/bc3006144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) to proteins can mask immune epitopes to increase serum half-life, reduce immunogenicity, and enhance in vivo biological efficacy. However, PEGylation mediated epitope-masking may also limit sensitivity and accuracy of traditional ELISA. We previously described an anti-PEG-based sandwich ELISA for universal assay of PEGylated molecules. Here, we compared the quantitative assessment of PEGylated interferons by anti-PEG and traditional anti-interferon sandwich ELISA. The detection limits for PEG-Intron (12k-PEG) and Pegasys (40k-PEG) were 1.9 and 0.03 ng/mL for anti-PEG ELISA compared to 0.18 and 0.42 ng/mL for traditional anti-interferon sandwich ELISA. These results indicate that the anti-PEG sandwich ELISA was insensitive to PEGylation mediated epitope-masking and the sensitivity increased in proportion to the length of PEG. By contrast, PEG-masking interfered with detection by traditional anti-interferon sandwich ELISA. Human and mouse serum did not affect the sensitivity of anti-PEG ELISA but impeded traditional anti-interferon sandwich ELISA. The anti-PEG sandwich ELISA was comparable to anti-interferon sandwich ELISA and radioassay of 131I-Pegasys in pharmacokinetic studies in mice. The anti-PEG sandwich ELISA provides a sensitive, accurate, and convenient quantitative measurement of PEGylated protein drugs.
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Massa S, Xavier C, De Vos J, Caveliers V, Lahoutte T, Muyldermans S, Devoogdt N. Site-specific labeling of cysteine-tagged camelid single-domain antibody-fragments for use in molecular imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:979-88. [PMID: 24815083 DOI: 10.1021/bc500111t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Site-specific labeling of molecular imaging probes allows the development of a homogeneous tracer population. The resulting batch-to-batch reproducible pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties are of great importance for clinical translation. Camelid single-domain antibody-fragments (sdAbs)-the recombinantly produced antigen-binding domains of heavy-chain antibodies, also called Nanobodies-are proficient probes for molecular imaging. To safeguard their intrinsically high binding specificity and affinity and to ensure the tracer's homogeneity, we developed a generic strategy for the site-specific labeling of sdAbs via a thio-ether bond. The unpaired cysteine was introduced at the carboxyl-terminal end of the sdAb to eliminate the risk of antigen binding interference. The spontaneous dimerization and capping of the unpaired cysteine required a reduction step prior to conjugation. This was optimized with the mild reducing agent 2-mercaptoethylamine in order to preserve the domain's stability. As a proof-of-concept the reduced probe was subsequently conjugated to maleimide-DTPA, for labeling with indium-111. A single conjugated tracer was obtained and confirmed via mass spectrometry. The specificity and affinity of the new sdAb-based imaging probe was validated in a mouse xenograft tumor model using a modified clinical lead compound targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) cancer biomarker. These data provide a versatile and standardized strategy for the site-specific labeling of sdAbs. The conjugation to the unpaired cysteine results in the production of a homogeneous group of tracers and is a multimodal alternative to the technetium-99m labeling of sdAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Massa
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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van Vught R, Pieters RJ, Breukink E. Site-specific functionalization of proteins and their applications to therapeutic antibodies. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2014; 9:e201402001. [PMID: 24757499 PMCID: PMC3995230 DOI: 10.5936/csbj.201402001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein modifications are often required to study structure and function relationships. Instead of the random labeling of lysine residues, methods have been developed to (sequence) specific label proteins. Next to chemical modifications, tools to integrate new chemical groups for bioorthogonal reactions have been applied. Alternatively, proteins can also be selectively modified by enzymes. Herein we review the methods available for site-specific modification of proteins and their applications for therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remko van Vught
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roland J Pieters
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology. Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eefjan Breukink
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Hassanzadeh-Ghassabeh G, Devoogdt N, De Pauw P, Vincke C, Muyldermans S. Nanobodies and their potential applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:1013-26. [PMID: 23730699 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanobodies are recombinant, antigen-specific, single-domain, variable fragments of camelid heavy chain-only antibodies. The innate supremacy of nanobodies as a renewable source of affinity reagents, together with their high production yield in a broad variety of expression systems, minimal size, great stability, reversible refolding and outstanding solubility in aqueous solutions, and ability to specifically recognize unique epitopes with subnanomolar affinity, have combined to make them a useful class of biomolecules for research and various medical diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This article speculates on a number of technological innovations that might be introduced in the nanobody identification platform to streamline the generation of more potent nanobodies and to expand their application range.
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De Vos J, Devoogdt N, Lahoutte T, Muyldermans S. Camelid single-domain antibody-fragment engineering for (pre)clinical in vivo molecular imaging applications: adjusting the bullet to its target. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13:1149-60. [PMID: 23675652 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.800478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Molecular imaging is a fast developing field and there is a growing need for specific imaging tracers in the clinic. Camelid single-domain antibody-fragments (sdAbs) recently emerged as a new class of molecular imaging tracers. AREAS COVERED We review the importance of molecular imaging in the clinic and the use of camelid sdAbs as in vivo molecular imaging tracers. Interest in imaging tracers based on antibody fragments or man-made protein scaffolds expanded over the last years. Camelid sdAbs are small, monomeric binding fragments that are derived from unique heavy-chain-only antibodies. In vivo imaging studies with sdAbs targeting various cell membrane receptors in different disease models have been reported and more sdAb imaging tracers are under development. The first clinical trial with a camelid sdAb as a molecular imaging tracer targeting the breast cancer marker Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 is currently ongoing. EXPERT OPINION We expect that the development and use of sdAbs as tracers for both preclinical and clinical molecular imaging applications will become widespread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens De Vos
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology (CMIM), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Building E.8, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Vugmeyster Y, Harrold J, Xu X. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) studies of biotherapeutics for autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. AAPS JOURNAL 2012; 14:714-27. [PMID: 22798020 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-012-9385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Biotherapeutics are becoming an increasingly common drug class used to treat autoimmune and other inflammatory conditions. Optimization of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) profiles of biotherapeutics is crucial for clinical, as well as commercial, success of these drugs. This review focuses on the common questions and challenges in ADME optimization of biotherapeutics for inflammatory conditions. For these immunomodulatory and/or immunosuppressive biotherapeutics, special consideration should be given to the assessment of the interdependency of ADME profiles, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships, and immunogenicity profiles across various preclinical species and humans, including the interdependencies both in biology and in assay readouts. The context of usage, such as dosing regimens, extent of disease, concomitant medications, and drug product characteristics may have a direct or indirect (via modulation of immunogenicity) impact on ADME profiles of biotherapeutics. Along these lines, emerging topics include assessments of preexisting reactivity to a biotherapeutic agent, impact of immunogenicity on tissue exposure, and analysis of penetration to normal versus inflamed tissues. Because of the above complexities and interdependences, it is essential to interpret PK, PD, and anti-drug antibody results in an integrated manner. In addition, because of the competitive landscape in autoimmune and inflammatory markets, many pioneering ADME-centric protein engineering and subsequent in vivo testing (such as optimization of novel modalities to extend serum and tissue exposures and to improve bioavailability) are being conducted with biotherapeutics in this therapeutic area. However, the ultimate challenge is demonstration of the clinical relevance (or lack thereof) of modified ADME and immunogenicity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Vugmeyster
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., One Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts, USA.
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