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Farrokhi T, Gkikas M. NanoGraphene Clot: A New Fibrinogen-Mimic Hemostatic Material. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:34783-34797. [PMID: 38949260 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Trauma is the leading cause of death for adults under the age of 44. Internal bleeding remains a significant challenge in medical emergencies, necessitating the development of effective hemostatic materials that could be administered by paramedics before a patient is in the hospital and treated by surgeons. In this study, we introduce a graphene oxide (GO)-based PEGylated synthetic hemostatic nanomaterial with an average size of 211 ± 83 nm designed to target internal bleeding by mimicking the role of fibrinogen. Functionalization of GO-g-PEG with peptides derived from the α-chain of fibrinogen, such as GRGDS, or the γ-chain of fibrinogen, such as HHLGGAKQAGDV:H12, was achieved with peptide loadings of 72 ± 6 and 68 ± 15 μM, respectively. In vitro studies with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) under confinement demonstrated aggregation enhancement of 39 and 24% for GO-g-PEG-GRGDS and GO-g-PEG-H12, respectively, compared to buffer, while adenosine diphosphate (ADP) alone induced a 5% aggregation. Compared to the same materials in the absence of ADP, GO-g-PEG-GRGDS achieved a 47% aggregation enhancement, while GO-g-PEG-H12 a 25% enhancement. This is particularly important for injectable hemostats and highlights the fact that our nanographene-based materials can only act as hemostats in the presence of agonists, reducing the possibility of unwanted clotting during circulation. Further studies on collagen-coated wells under dynamic flow revealed statistically significant augmentation of PRP fluorescence signal using GRGDS- or H12-coated GO-g-PEG compared to controls. Hemolysis studies showed <1% lysis of red blood cells (RBCs) at the highest PEGylated nanographene concentration. Finally, whole human blood coagulation studies reveal faster and more pronounced clotting using our nanohemostats vs PBS control from 3 min and below (blood is clotted with 10% CaCl2 within 4-5 min), with the biggest differences to be shown at 2 and 1 min. At 1 min, the clot weight was found to be ∼45% of that between 4 and 5 min, while no clot was formed in PBS-treated blood. Reduction of CaCl2 to 5 and 3%, or utilization of prostaglandin E1, an anticoagulant, still leads to clots but of smaller weight. The findings highlight the potential of our fibrinogen-mimic PEGylated nanographene as a promising non-hemolytic injectable scaffold for targeting internal bleeding, offering insights into its platelet aggregation capabilities under confinement and under dynamic flow as well as its pronounced coagulation abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Farrokhi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Manos Gkikas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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Adhalrao SB, Jadhav KR, Patil PL, Kadam VJ, Nirmal MK. Engineering Platelet Membrane Imitating Nanoparticles for Targeted Therapeutic Delivery. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1230-1244. [PMID: 37539932 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230804140926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Platelet Membrane Imitating Nanoparticles (PMINs) is a novel drug delivery system that imitates the structure and functionality of platelet membranes. PMINs imitate surface markers of platelets to target specific cells and transport therapeutic cargo. PMINs are engineered by incorporating the drug into the platelet membrane and encapsulating it in a nanoparticle scaffold. This allows PMINs to circulate in the bloodstream and bind to target cells with high specificity, reducing off-target effects and improving therapeutic efficacy. The engineering of PMINs entails several stages, including the separation and purification of platelet membranes, the integration of therapeutic cargo into the membrane, and the encapsulation of the membrane in a nanoparticle scaffold. In addition to being involved in a few pathological conditions including cancer, atherosclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, platelets are crucial to the body's physiological processes. This study includes the preparation and characterization of platelet membrane-like nanoparticles and focuses on their most recent advancements in targeted therapy for conditions, including cancer, immunological disorders, atherosclerosis, phototherapy, etc. PMINs are a potential drug delivery system that combines the advantages of platelet membranes with nanoparticles. The capacity to create PMMNs with particular therapeutic cargo and surface markers provides new possibilities for targeted medication administration and might completely change the way that medicine is practiced. Despite the need for more studies to optimize the engineering process and evaluate the effectiveness and safety of PMINs in clinical trials, this technology has a lot of potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha B Adhalrao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Sector 8 CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai - 400614, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kisan R Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Sector 8 CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai - 400614, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant L Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Sector 8 CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai - 400614, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vilasrao J Kadam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Sector 8 CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai - 400614, Maharashtra, India
| | - M Kasekar Nirmal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Sector 8 CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai - 400614, Maharashtra, India
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3
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Li Y, Zhang B, Liu X, Wan H, Qin Y, Yan H, Wang Y, An Y, Yang Y, Dai Y, Yang L, Wang Y. A bio-inspired nanoparticle coating for vascular healing and immunomodulatory by cGMP-PKG and NF-kappa B signaling pathways. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122288. [PMID: 37677917 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Drug-eluting stents (DESs) implantation is an effective method to tackle in-stent restenosis (ISR), which has been considered as an efficient treatment for coronary atherosclerosis. Although fruitful results have been achieved in treating coronary artery diseases (CAD), concern has arisen regarding the long-term safety and efficacy of DESs, primarily due to adverse events such as delayed re-endothelialization, persistent inflammatory response, and late stent thrombosis (LST). Taking inspiration from the immunomodulatory functions of camouflage strategies, this study designed a bio-inspired nanoparticle-coated stent. Briefly, the platelet membrane-coated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/Rapamycin nanoparticles (PNP) were sprayed onto stents, forming a homogenous nanoparticle coating. The bilayer of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and platelet membrane works synergistically to promote the sustained-release effect of rapamycin. In vitro studies revealed that the PNP-coated surfaces promoted the competitive adhesion of endothelia cells while inhibiting smooth muscle cells. Subsequent in vivo studies demonstrated that these surfaces expedite re-endothelialization and elicit immunomodulatory effects by regulating the cGMP-PKG and NF-kappa B signaling pathways, influencing the biosynthesis cofactors and immune system signaling. The study successfully deviced a novel and biomimetic drug-eluting stent system, unraveling its detailed functions and molecular mechanism of action for enhanced vascular healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Xiyu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Huining Wan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Yumei Qin
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Hui Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongqi An
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Sichuan Xingtai Pule Medical Technology Co Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610045, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Sichuan Xingtai Pule Medical Technology Co Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610045, China
| | - Li Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China.
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Li XF, Lu P, Jia HR, Li G, Zhu B, Wang X, Wu FG. Emerging materials for hemostasis. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Chen Z, Han L, Meng G, Li H, Shan C, Du G, Li M. Intravenous Hemostats: Foundation, Targeting, and Controlled-Release. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:2269-2289. [PMID: 36404605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrollable blood loss is the greatest cause of mortality in prehospital patients and the main source of disability and death in hospital care. Compared with external hemostats, intravenous hemostats are more appropriate for preventing and treating uncontrolled bleeding in vivo and large bleeding on the body surface. This Review initially establishes intravenous hemostats' response basis, including the coagulation mechanism, fibrinolytic pathway, and protein corona. Second, the study of advancement of intravenous hemostat targeting was expanded from two perspectives, cellular hemostatic agents and synthetic hemostatic agents. Meanwhile, after discussing the progress of controlled-release intravenous hemostats with platelets as the stimuli, this Review offers insight into the possibility of controlled-release intravenous hemostats with microenvironment as the stimuli, combining the studies of controlled-release targeted thrombolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Chen
- Department of Special Operations Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Special Operations Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Guo Meng
- Department of Special Operations Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Huaiyong Li
- Department of Special Operations Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chao Shan
- Department of Special Operations Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ge Du
- Department Of Geriatric Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Minggao Li
- Department of Special Operations Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
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Platelet-rich plasma: a comparative and economical therapy for wound healing and tissue regeneration. Cell Tissue Bank 2022; 24:285-306. [PMID: 36222966 PMCID: PMC9555256 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-022-10039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rise in the incidences of chronic degenerative diseases with aging makes wound care a socio-economic burden and unceasingly necessitates a novel, economical, and efficient wound healing treatment. Platelets have a crucial role in hemostasis and thrombosis by modulating distinct mechanistic phases of wound healing, such as promoting and stabilizing the clot. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains a high concentration of platelets than naïve plasma and has an autologous origin with no immunogenic adverse reactions. As a consequence, PRP has gained significant attention as a therapeutic to augment the healing process. Since the past few decades, a robust volume of research and clinical trials have been performed to exploit extensive role of PRP in wound healing/tissue regeneration. Despite these rigorous studies and their application in diversified medical fields, efficacy of PRP-based therapies is continuously questioned owing to the paucity of large samplesizes, controlled clinical trials, and standard protocols. This review systematically delineates the process of wound healing and involvement of platelets in tissue repair mechanisms. Additionally, emphasis is laid on PRP, its preparation methods, handling, classification,application in wound healing, and PRP as regenerative therapeutics combined with biomaterials and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
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7
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Raghunathan S, Rayes J, Sen Gupta A. Platelet-inspired nanomedicine in hemostasis thrombosis and thromboinflammation. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:1535-1549. [PMID: 35435322 PMCID: PMC9323419 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are anucleate cell-fragments derived predominantly from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and released in the blood circulation, with a normal count of 150 000-40 000 per μl and a lifespan of approximately 10 days in humans. A primary role of platelets is to aid in vascular injury site-specific clot formation to stanch bleeding, termed hemostasis. Platelets render hemostasis by a complex concert of mechanisms involving platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation, coagulation amplification, and clot retraction. Additionally, platelet secretome can influence coagulation kinetics and clot morphology. Therefore, platelet defects and dysfunctions result in bleeding complications. Current treatment for such complications involve prophylactic or emergency transfusion of platelets. However, platelet transfusion logistics constantly suffer from limited donor availability, challenges in portability and storage, high bacterial contamination risks, and very short shelf life (~5 days). To address these issues, an exciting area of research is focusing on the development of microparticle- and nanoparticle-based platelet surrogate technologies that can mimic various hemostatic mechanisms of platelets. On the other hand, aberrant occurrence of the platelet mechanisms lead to the pathological manifestation of thrombosis and thromboinflammation. The treatments for this are focused on inhibiting the mechanisms or resolving the formed clots. Here, platelet-inspired technologies can provide unique platforms for disease-targeted drug delivery to achieve high therapeutic efficacy while avoiding systemic side-effects. This review will provide brief mechanistic insight into the role of platelets in hemostasis, thrombosis and thromboinflammation, and present the current state-of-art in the design of platelet-inspired nanomedicine for applications in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Raghunathan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
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8
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A review of treatments for non-compressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH) and internal bleeding. Biomaterials 2022; 283:121432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Luc NF, Rohner N, Girish A, Sekhon UDS, Neal MD, Gupta AS. Bioinspired artificial platelets: past, present and future. Platelets 2022; 33:35-47. [PMID: 34455908 PMCID: PMC8795470 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1967916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are anucleate blood cells produced from megakaryocytes predominantly in the bone marrow and released into blood circulation at a healthy count of 150,000-400,00 per μL and circulation lifespan of 7-9 days. Platelets are the first responders at the site of vascular injury and bleeding, and participate in clot formation via injury site-specific primary mechanisms of adhesion, activation and aggregation to form a platelet plug, as well as secondary mechanisms of augmenting coagulation via thrombin amplification and fibrin generation. Platelets also secrete various granule contents that enhance these mechanisms for clot growth and stability. The resultant clot seals the injury site to stanch bleeding, a process termed as hemostasis. Due to this critical role, a reduction in platelet count or dysregulation in platelet function is associated with bleeding risks and hemorrhagic complications. These scenarios are often treated by prophylactic or emergency transfusion of platelets. However, platelet transfusions face significant challenges due to limited donor availability, difficult portability and storage, high bacterial contamination risks, and very short shelf life (~5-7 days). These are currently being addressed by a robust volume of research involving reduced temperature storage and pathogen reduction processes on donor platelets to improve shelf-life and reduce contamination, as well as bioreactor-based approaches to generate donor-independent platelets from stem cells in vitro. In parallel, a complementary research field has emerged that involves the design of artificial platelets utilizing biosynthetic particle constructs that functionally emulate various hemostatic mechanisms of platelets. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the history and the current state-of-the-art artificial platelet approaches, along with discussing the translational opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman F. Luc
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nathan Rohner
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Aditya Girish
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - Matthew D. Neal
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15123, USA
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Wang L, You X, Dai C, Tong T, Wu J. Hemostatic nanotechnologies for external and internal hemorrhage management. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:4396-4412. [PMID: 32658944 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00781a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An uncontrolled hemorrhage can easily lead to death during surgery and military operations. Despite the significant advances in hemostatic research, there is still an urgent and increasing need for safer and more effective hemostatic materials. Recently, nanotechnologies have been receiving increasing interest owing to their unique advantages and have been propelling the developement of hemostatic materials. This review summarizes the fundamentals of hemostasis and emphasizes the recent developments regarding hemorrhage-related hemostatic nanotechnologies. In terms of external accessible hemorrhage management, natural and synthetic polymers and inorganic components that have been used in traditional hemostats provide novel nanoscale solutions. Regarding internal noncompressible hemorrhage management, current research endeavors are dedicated to the development of substitutes for blood components, and nanoformulated hemostatic drugs. This review also briefly discusses the main and persistent problems of hemostatic nanomaterials, including safety concerns and clinical translation challenges. This review is hoped to provide critical insight into hemostatic nanomaterial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
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11
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Platelet-inspired therapeutics: current status, limitations, clinical implications, and future potential. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 11:24-48. [PMID: 32323161 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has been successful in demonstrating the importance of the addition of platelets to the field of cell-mediated therapeutics, by making use of different platelet forms to design modalities able to positively impact a wide range of diseases. A key obstacle hindering the success of conventional therapeutic interventions is their inability to produce targeted treatment, resulting in a number of systemic side effects and a longer duration for the onset of action to occur. An additional challenge facing current popular therapeutic interventions is biocompatibility of the system, resulting in the decline of patient compliance to treatment. In an attempt to address these challenges, the past few decades have been witness to the discovery and innovation of precision therapy, in order to achieve targeted treatment for an array of conditions, thereby superseding alternative mechanisms of treatment. Platelet-mediated therapeutics, as well as employing platelets as drug delivery vehicles, are key components in advancing precision therapy within research and in clinical settings. This novel approach is designed with the objective that the platelets retain their original structure and functions within the body, thereby mitigating biocompatibility challenges. In this article, we review the current significant impact that the addition of platelet-inspired systems has made on the field of therapeutics; explore certain limitations of each system, together with ideas on how to overcome them; and discuss the clinical implications and future potential of platelet-inspired therapeutics. Graphical abstract.
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12
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Yang H, Song Y, Chen J, Pang Z, Zhang N, Cao J, Wang Q, Li Q, Zhang F, Dai Y, Li C, Huang Z, Qian J, Ge J. Platelet Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles Target Sclerotic Aortic Valves in ApoE -/- Mice by Multiple Binding Mechanisms Under Pathological Shear Stress. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:901-912. [PMID: 32103945 PMCID: PMC7020933 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s224024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aortic valve disease is the most common valvular heart disease leading to valve replacement. The efficacy of pharmacological therapy for aortic valve disease is limited by the high mechanical stress at the aortic valves impairing the binding rate. We aimed to identify nanoparticle coating with entire platelet membranes to fully mimic their inherent multiple adhesive mechanisms and target the sclerotic aortic valve of apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice based on their multiple sites binding capacity under high shear stress. Methods Considering the potent interaction of platelet membrane glycoproteins with components present in sclerotic aortic valves, platelet membrane-coated nanoparticles (PNPs) were synthetized and the binding capacity under high shear stress was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results PNPs demonstrated effectively adhering to von Willebrand factor, collagen and fibrin under shear stresses in vitro. In an aortic valve disease model established in ApoE−/− mice, PNPs exhibited good targeting to sclerotic aortic valves by mimicking platelet multiple adhesive mechanisms. Conclusion PNPs could provide a promising platform for the molecular diagnosis and targeting treatment of aortic valve disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Song
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiatian Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaozi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenguang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheyong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Juying Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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Wang X, Liu Q, Sui J, Ramakrishna S, Yu M, Zhou Y, Jiang X, Long Y. Recent Advances in Hemostasis at the Nanoscale. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900823. [PMID: 31697456 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and effective hemostatic materials have received wide attention not only in the battlefield but also in hospitals and clinics. Traditional hemostasis relies on materials with little designability which has many limitations. Nanohemostasis has been proposed since the use of peptides in hemostasis. Nanomaterials exhibit excellent adhesion, versatility, and designability compared to traditional materials, laying a good foundation for future hemostatic materials. This review first summarizes current hemostatic methods and materials, and then introduces several cutting-edge designs and applications of nanohemostatic materials such as polypeptide assembly, electrospinning of cyanoacrylate, and nanochitosan. Particularly, their advantages and working mechanisms are introduced. Finally, the challenges and prospects of nanohemostasis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Xiong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & DevicesCollege of PhysicsQingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Qi Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & DevicesCollege of PhysicsQingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Jin‐Xia Sui
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & DevicesCollege of PhysicsQingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & DevicesCollege of PhysicsQingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
- Center for Nanofibers & NanotechnologyNational University of Singapore Singapore 119077 Singapore
| | - Miao Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & DevicesCollege of PhysicsQingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringColumbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesQingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Xing‐Yu Jiang
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials & NanosafetyNational Center for Nanoscience & Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yun‐Ze Long
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & DevicesCollege of PhysicsQingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
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14
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Sproul EP, Nandi S, Chee E, Sivadanam S, Igo BJ, Schreck L, Brown AC. Development of biomimetic antimicrobial platelet-like particles comprised of microgel nanogold composites. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 6:299-309. [PMID: 33225044 PMCID: PMC7678143 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A blood clot is formed in response to bleeding by platelet aggregation and adherence to fibrin fibers. Platelets contract over time, stabilizing the clot, which contributes to wound healing. We have developed platelet-like particles (PLPs) that augment clotting and induce clot retraction by mimicking the fibrin-binding capabilities and morphology of native platelets. Wound repair following hemostasis can be complicated by infection; therefore, we aim to augment wound healing by combining PLPs with antimicrobial gold to develop nanogold composites (NGCs). PLPs were synthesized with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm)/co-acrylic acid in a precipitation polymerization reaction and conjugated to a fibrin-specific antibody. Two methods were employed to create NGCs: 1) noncovalent swelling with aqueous gold nanospheres, and 2) covalent seeding and growth. Since the ability of PLPs to mimic platelet morphology and clot retraction requires a high degree of particle deformability, we investigated how PLPs created from NGCs affected these properties. Cryogenic Scanning Electron Microscopy (cryoSEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated that particle deformability, platelet-mimetic morphology and clot retraction were maintained in NGC-based PLPs. The effect of NGCs on bacterial adhesion and growth was assessed with antimicrobial assays. These results demonstrate NGCs fabricated through noncovalent and covalent methods retain deformability necessary for clot collapse and exhibit some antimicrobial potential. Therefore, NGCs are promising materials for preventing hemorrhage and infection following trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin P. Sproul
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at UNC-Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Seema Nandi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at UNC-Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Eunice Chee
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at UNC-Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Supriya Sivadanam
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at UNC-Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University
| | - Benjamin J. Igo
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at UNC-Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University
| | - Luisa Schreck
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ashley C. Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at UNC-Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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15
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Gkikas M, Peponis T, Mesar T, Hong C, Avery RK, Roussakis E, Yoo HJ, Parakh A, Patino M, Sahani DV, Watkins MT, Oklu R, Evans CL, Albadawi H, Velmahos G, Olsen BD. Systemically Administered Hemostatic Nanoparticles for Identification and Treatment of Internal Bleeding. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2563-2576. [PMID: 33405762 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Internal bleeding is an injury that can be difficult to localize and effectively treat without invasive surgeries. Injectable polymeric nanoparticles have been developed that can reduce clotting times and blood loss, but they have yet to incorporate sufficient diagnostic capabilities to assist in identifying bleeding sources. Herein, polymeric nanoparticles were developed to simultaneously treat internal bleeding while incorporating tracers for visualization of the nanoparticles by standard clinical imaging modalities. Addition of 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine perchlorate (DiD; a fluorescent dye), biotin functionality, and gold nanoparticles to hemostatic polymeric nanoparticles resulted in nanoparticles amenable to imaging with near-infrared (NIR) imaging, immunohistochemistry, and X-ray computed tomography (CT), respectively. Following a lethal liver resection injury, visualization of accumulated nanoparticles by multiple imaging methods was achieved in rodents, with the highest accumulation observed at the liver injury site, resulting in improved survival rates. Tracer addition to therapeutic nanoparticles allows for an expansion of their applicability, during stabilization by first responders to diagnosis and identification of unknown internal bleeding sites by clinicians using standard clinical imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manos Gkikas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Thomas Peponis
- Department of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02144, United States
| | - Tomaz Mesar
- Department of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02144, United States
| | - Celestine Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Reginald K Avery
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Emmanuel Roussakis
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Hyung-Jin Yoo
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02144, United States
| | - Anushri Parakh
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02144, United States
| | - Manuel Patino
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02144, United States
| | - Dushyant V Sahani
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02144, United States
| | - Michael T Watkins
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02144, United States
| | - Rahmi Oklu
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, United States
| | - Conor L Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Hassan Albadawi
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, United States
| | - George Velmahos
- Department of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02144, United States
| | - Bradley D Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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16
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He Y, Xu J, Sun X, Ren X, Maharjan A, York P, Su Y, Li H, Zhang J. Cuboidal tethered cyclodextrin frameworks tailored for hemostasis and injured vessel targeting. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2489-2504. [PMID: 31131049 PMCID: PMC6525997 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs or imaging agents to injured blood vessels via nanocarriers is likely to be dependent on the particle shape, yet cubic nanoparticle carriers have not been reported for vascular targeting. Here, we demonstrate that cuboidal cyclodextrin frameworks possess superior hemostasis effect and injured vessels targeting compared with spherical counterpart. Methods: Cuboidal and biocompatible γ-cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks (CD-MOFs) are synthesized, tethered via crosslinking and surface modification with GRGDS peptide (GS5-MOFs). The specific interactions of cubic GS5-MOF nanoparticles with activated platelets were investigated by in vitro platelet aggregation assay and atomic force microscopy measurements (AFM). The hemostatic capacity and injured vessel targeting efficacy were evaluated in vivo. Results: Cuboidal GS5-MOF nanoparticles exhibit enhanced adhesion and aggregation with activated platelets in vitro under static condition and a physiologically relevant flow environment. The cubic GS5-MOF nanoparticles show efficient hemostatic effects with bleeding time and blood loss decrease of 90% and strong injured vessel targeting in vivo, markedly superior to spherical γ-CD nanosponges with the same chemical composition. Conclusions: These results clearly highlight the contribution of the cuboidal shape of GS5-MOFs to the enhanced aggregation of activated platelets and high targeting to damaged vessels. The cuboidal nanoparticle system provides an innovative delivery platform for the treatment and diagnosis of vascular diseases.
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17
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Mao X, Liu L, Cheng L, Cheng R, Zhang L, Deng L, Sun X, Zhang Y, Sarmento B, Cui W. Adhesive nanoparticles with inflammation regulation for promoting skin flap regeneration. J Control Release 2019; 297:91-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Nandi S, Sproul EP, Nellenbach K, Erb M, Gaffney L, Freytes DO, Brown AC. Platelet-like particles dynamically stiffen fibrin matrices and improve wound healing outcomes. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:669-682. [PMID: 30608063 PMCID: PMC6385160 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01201f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Native platelets perform several critical functions within the context of wound healing, including participating in initial hemostasis and interacting with fibrin at the wound site to induce clot retraction. Platelet depletion or dysfunction due to trauma or disease can inhibit robust wound healing responses. There has been a focus recently on developing synthetic, non-immunogenic platelet mimetic technologies for the purpose of augmenting hemostatic responses in cases of deficient native platelet functionality. Here we describe the application of synthetic platelet-like particles (PLPs), capable of recapitulating the deformable platelet body and fibrin specificity found in native platelets, to enhance healing outcomes. We first demonstrate PLPs mimic activated platelet morphology and induce fibrin clot retraction. During clot retraction, native platelets generate forces within a fibrin network to stiffen the fibrin matrix; therefore, we hypothesized that our PLPs will likewise be able to stiffen provisional fibrin matrices. Due to previous studies indicating that increased matrix stiffness is linked to increased cellular migration, we further hypothesize that PLP-mediated fibrin stiffening will enhance cell migration and improve healing outcomes within in vitro and in vivo models of wound healing. PLPs were found to enhance fibroblast migration in in vitro models of early wound healing and enhance healing outcomes in an in vivo murine model of wound healing. These studies demonstrate the utility of PLPs for enhancing wound repair and also provide insight into the role of native platelet-mediated clot retraction in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Nandi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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19
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Sproul EP, Nandi S, Roosa C, Schreck L, Brown AC. Biomimetic microgels with controllable deformability improve healing outcomes. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 2:1800042. [PMID: 33564714 PMCID: PMC7869964 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelets mediate hemostasis by aggregating and binding to fibrin to promote clotting. Over time, platelets contract the fibrin network to induce clot retraction, which contributes to wound healing outcomes by increasing clot stability and improving blood flow to ischemic tissue. In this study, we describe the development of hollow platelet-like particles (PLPs) that mimic the native platelet function of clot retraction in a controlled manner and demonstrate that clot retraction-inducing PLPs promote healing in vivo. PLPs are created by coupling fibrin-binding antibodies to CoreShell (CS) or hollow N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) microgels with varying degrees of shell crosslinking. We demonstrate that hollow microgels with loosely crosslinked shells display a high degree of deformability and mimic activated platelet morphology, while intact CS microgels and hollow microgels with increased crosslinking in the shell do not. When coupled to a fibrin-binding antibody to create PLPs, hollow particles with low degrees of shell crosslinking cause fibrin clot collapse in vitro, recapitulating the clot retraction function of platelets, while other particle types do not. Furthermore, hollow PLPs with low degrees of shell crosslinking improve some wound healing outcomes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin P. Sproul
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Seema Nandi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Colleen Roosa
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Luisa Schreck
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ashley C. Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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20
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Song Y, Huang Z, Liu X, Pang Z, Chen J, Yang H, Zhang N, Cao Z, Liu M, Cao J, Li C, Yang X, Gong H, Qian J, Ge J. Platelet membrane-coated nanoparticle-mediated targeting delivery of Rapamycin blocks atherosclerotic plaque development and stabilizes plaque in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE -/-) mice. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 15:13-24. [PMID: 30171903 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although certain success has been achieved in atherosclerosis treatment, tremendous challenges remain in developing more efficient strategies to treat atherosclerosis. Platelets have inherent affinity to plaques and naturally home to atherosclerotic sites. Rapamycin features potent anti-atherosclerosis effect, but its clinical utility is limited by its low concentration at the atherosclerotic site and severe systemic toxicity. In the present study, we used platelet membrane-coated nanoparticles (PNP) as a targeted drug delivery platform to treat atherosclerosis through mimicking platelets' inherent targeting to plaques. PNP displayed 4.98-fold greater radiant efficiency than control nanoparticles in atherosclerotic arterial trees, indicating its effective homing to atherosclerotic plaques in vivo. In an atherosclerosis model established in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, PNP encapsulating rapamycin significantly attenuated the progression of atherosclerosis and stabilized atherosclerotic plaques. These results demonstrated the perfect efficacy and pro-resolving potential of PNP as a targeted drug delivery platform for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Song
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheyong Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonglian Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiatian Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenguang Li
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juying Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Lu M, Zhao X, Xing H, Xun Z, Yang T, Cai C, Wang D, Ding P. Liposome-chaperoned cell-free synthesis for the design of proteoliposomes: Implications for therapeutic delivery. Acta Biomater 2018; 76:1-20. [PMID: 29625253 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free (CF) protein synthesis has emerged as a powerful technique platform for efficient protein production in vitro. Liposomes have been widely studied as therapeutic carriers due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, flexible surface manipulation, easy preparation, and higher cargo encapsulation capability. However, rapid immune clearance, insufficient targeting capacity, and poor cytoplasmic delivery efficiency substantially restrict their clinical application. The incorporation of functional membrane proteins (MPs) or peptides allows the transfer of biological properties to liposomes and imparts them with improved circulation, increased targeting, and efficient intracellular delivery. Liposome-chaperoned CF synthesis enables production of proteoliposomes in one-step reaction, which not only substantially simplifies the production procedure but also keeps protein functionality intact. Building off these observations, proteoliposomes with integrated MPs represent an excellent candidate for therapeutic delivery. In this review, we describe recent advances in CF synthesis with emphasis on detailing key factors for improving CF expression efficiency. Furthermore, we provide insights into strategies for rational design of proteoliposomal nanodelivery systems via CF synthesis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Liposome-chaperoned CF synthesis has emerged as a powerful approach for the design of recombinant proteoliposomes in one-step reaction. The incorporation of bioactive MPs or peptides into liposomes via CF synthesis can facilitate the development of proteoliposomal nanodelivery systems with improved circulation, increased targeting, and enhanced cellular delivery capacity. Moreover, by adapting lessons learned from natural delivery vehicles, novel bio-inspired proteoliposomes with enhanced delivery properties could be produced in CF systems. In this review, we first give an overview of CF synthesis with focus on enhancing protein expression in liposome-chaperoned CF systems. Furthermore, we intend to provide insight into harnessing CF-synthesized proteoliposomes for efficient therapeutic delivery.
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22
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Onwukwe C, Maisha N, Holland M, Varley M, Groynom R, Hickman D, Uppal N, Shoffstall A, Ustin J, Lavik E. Engineering Intravenously Administered Nanoparticles to Reduce Infusion Reaction and Stop Bleeding in a Large Animal Model of Trauma. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2436-2447. [PMID: 29965731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bleeding from traumatic injury is the leading cause of death for young people across the world, but interventions are lacking. While many agents have shown promise in small animal models, translating the work to large animal models has been exceptionally difficult in great part because of infusion-associated complement activation to nanomaterials that leads to cardiopulmonary complications. Unfortunately, this reaction is seen in at least 10% of the population. We developed intravenously infusible hemostatic nanoparticles that were effective in stopping bleeding and improving survival in rodent models of trauma. To translate this work, we developed a porcine liver injury model. Infusion of the first generation of hemostatic nanoparticles and controls 5 min after injury led to massive vasodilation and exsanguination even at extremely low doses. In naïve animals, the physiological changes were consistent with a complement-associated infusion reaction. By tailoring the zeta potential, we were able to engineer a second generation of hemostatic nanoparticles and controls that did not exhibit the complement response at low and moderate doses but did at the highest doses. These second-generation nanoparticles led to cessation of bleeding within 10 min of administration even though some signs of vasodilation were still seen. While the complement response is still a challenge, this work is extremely encouraging in that it demonstrates that when the infusion-associated complement response is managed, hemostatic nanoparticles are capable of rapidly stopping bleeding in a large animal model of trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimdiya Onwukwe
- University of Maryland Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore , Maryland 21050 , United States
| | - Nuzhat Maisha
- University of Maryland Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore , Maryland 21050 , United States
| | - Mark Holland
- University of Maryland Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore , Maryland 21050 , United States
| | - Matt Varley
- Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Rebecca Groynom
- Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - DaShawn Hickman
- Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Nishant Uppal
- Harvard Medical School , 25 Shattuck Street , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Andrew Shoffstall
- Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Jeffrey Ustin
- Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Erin Lavik
- University of Maryland Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore , Maryland 21050 , United States
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23
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Wang S, Yuan J, Yang J, Li N, Liu R, Luan J, Ye D. Advancement of platelet-inspired nanomedicine. Platelets 2018; 29:690-694. [PMID: 29883255 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1475633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Nanjing General Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Nanjing General Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Hematology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Nanjing General Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Hematology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfeng Luan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Nanjing General Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Ye
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Nanjing General Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, China
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24
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Hickman DA, Pawlowski CL, Sekhon UDS, Marks J, Gupta AS. Biomaterials and Advanced Technologies for Hemostatic Management of Bleeding. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:10.1002/adma.201700859. [PMID: 29164804 PMCID: PMC5831165 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bleeding complications arising from trauma, surgery, and as congenital, disease-associated, or drug-induced blood disorders can cause significant morbidities and mortalities in civilian and military populations. Therefore, stoppage of bleeding (hemostasis) is of paramount clinical significance in prophylactic, surgical, and emergency scenarios. For externally accessible injuries, a variety of natural and synthetic biomaterials have undergone robust research, leading to hemostatic technologies including glues, bandages, tamponades, tourniquets, dressings, and procoagulant powders. In contrast, treatment of internal noncompressible hemorrhage still heavily depends on transfusion of whole blood or blood's hemostatic components (platelets, fibrinogen, and coagulation factors). Transfusion of platelets poses significant challenges of limited availability, high cost, contamination risks, short shelf-life, low portability, performance variability, and immunological side effects, while use of fibrinogen or coagulation factors provides only partial mechanisms for hemostasis. With such considerations, significant interdisciplinary research endeavors have been focused on developing materials and technologies that can be manufactured conveniently, sterilized to minimize contamination and enhance shelf-life, and administered intravenously to mimic, leverage, and amplify physiological hemostatic mechanisms. Here, a comprehensive review regarding the various topical, intracavitary, and intravenous hemostatic technologies in terms of materials, mechanisms, and state-of-art is provided, and challenges and opportunities to help advancement of the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- DaShawn A Hickman
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Christa L Pawlowski
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Ujjal D S Sekhon
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Joyann Marks
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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25
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Hangge P, Stone J, Albadawi H, Zhang YS, Khademhosseini A, Oklu R. Hemostasis and nanotechnology. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2017; 7:S267-S275. [PMID: 29399530 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2017.08.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhage accounts for significant morbidity and mortality. Various techniques have been employed to augment hemostasis from simple tourniquets to self-assembling nanoparticles. A growing understanding of the natural clotting cascade has allowed agents to become more targeted for potential use in different clinical scenarios. This review discusses current and developing hemostatic techniques, including matrix agents, external agents, biologically inspired agents, and synthetic and cell-derived nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Hangge
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan Stone
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Hassan Albadawi
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rahmi Oklu
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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26
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Sen Gupta A. Bio-inspired nanomedicine strategies for artificial blood components. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 9:10.1002/wnan.1464. [PMID: 28296287 PMCID: PMC5599317 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Blood is a fluid connective tissue where living cells are suspended in noncellular liquid matrix. The cellular components of blood render gas exchange (RBCs), immune surveillance (WBCs) and hemostatic responses (platelets), and the noncellular components (salts, proteins, etc.) provide nutrition to various tissues in the body. Dysfunction and deficiencies in these blood components can lead to significant tissue morbidity and mortality. Consequently, transfusion of whole blood or its components is a clinical mainstay in the management of trauma, surgery, myelosuppression, and congenital blood disorders. However, donor-derived blood products suffer from issues of shortage in supply, need for type matching, high risks of pathogenic contamination, limited portability and shelf-life, and a variety of side-effects. While robust research is being directed to resolve these issues, a parallel clinical interest has developed toward bioengineering of synthetic blood substitutes that can provide blood's functions while circumventing the above problems. Nanotechnology has provided exciting approaches to achieve this, using materials engineering strategies to create synthetic and semi-synthetic RBC substitutes for enabling oxygen transport, platelet substitutes for enabling hemostasis, and WBC substitutes for enabling cell-specific immune response. Some of these approaches have further extended the application of blood cell-inspired synthetic and semi-synthetic constructs for targeted drug delivery and nanomedicine. The current study provides a comprehensive review of the various nanotechnology approaches to design synthetic blood cells, along with a critical discussion of successes and challenges of the current state-of-art in this field. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1464. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1464 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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27
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Nellenbach K, Brown AC. Peptide Mimetic Drugs for Modulating Thrombosis and Hemostasis. Drug Dev Res 2017; 78:236-244. [PMID: 28815651 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research Hemostasis is the complex physiological process that stems bleeding at an injury site while simultaneously maintaining unobstructed circulation in other areas of the body. This system is kept in balance with finely tuned regulation by pro- and antithrombotic agents. When this balance is thrown out of equilibrium, uncontrolled bleeding, or thrombotic complications can occur. Because of the high number of hemostatic disorders, researchers are continually searching for improved technologies for controlling coagulation. Recently, peptide mimetic strategies have been employed to target and regulate various stages of the coagulation cascade. In this review, we present an overview of the coagulation cascade and provide a summary of various peptide-mimetic approaches for its modulation. Drug Dev Res 78 : 236-244, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Nellenbach
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel-Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606
| | - Ashley C Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel-Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606
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Hansen CE, Myers DR, Baldwin WH, Sakurai Y, Meeks SL, Lyon LA, Lam WA. Platelet-Microcapsule Hybrids Leverage Contractile Force for Targeted Delivery of Hemostatic Agents. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5579-5589. [PMID: 28541681 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report a cell-mediated, targeted drug delivery system utilizing polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules that hybridize with the patient's own platelets upon intravenous administration. The hybridized platelets function as the sensor and actuator for targeted drug delivery and controlled release in our system. These capsules are biochemically and mechanically tuned to enable platelet adhesion and capsule rupture upon platelet activation and contraction, enabling the targeted and controlled "burst" release of an encapsulated biotherapeutic. As platelets are the "first responders" in the blood clot formation process, this platelet-hybridized system is ideal for the targeted delivery of clot-augmenting biotherapeutics wherein immediate therapeutic efficacy is required. As proof-of-concept, we tailored this system to deliver the pro-clotting biotherapeutic factor VIII for hemophilia A patients that have developed inhibitory antifactor VIII antibodies. The polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules physically shield the encapsulated factor VIII from the patient's inhibitors during circulation, preserving its bioactivity until it is delivered at the target site via platelet contractile force. Using an in vitro microfluidic vascular injury model with factor VIII-inhibited blood, we demonstrate a 3.8× increase in induced fibrin formation using capsules loaded with factor VIII at a concentration an order of magnitude lower than that used in systemic delivery. We further demonstrate that clot formation occurs 18 min faster when factor VIII loaded capsules are used compared to systemic delivery at the same concentration. Because platelets are integral in the pathophysiology of thrombotic disorders, cancer, and innate immunity, this paradigm-shifting smart drug delivery system can be similarly applied to these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Hansen
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - David R Myers
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - W Hunter Baldwin
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yumiko Sakurai
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Shannon L Meeks
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - L Andrew Lyon
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University , Orange, California 92866, United States
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Sekhon UDS, Sen Gupta A. Platelets and Platelet-Inspired Biomaterials Technologies in Wound Healing Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:1176-1192. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ujjal Didar Singh Sekhon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44102, United States
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44102, United States
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Cheng J, Feng S, Han S, Zhang X, Chen Y, Zhou X, Wang R, Li X, Hu H, Zhang J. Facile Assembly of Cost-Effective and Locally Applicable or Injectable Nanohemostats for Hemorrhage Control. ACS NANO 2016; 10:9957-9973. [PMID: 27736084 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is still unmet demand for effective and safe hemostats to control abnormal bleeding in different conditions. With the aim to develop affordable, safe, effective, easily stored, and low-cost hemostats, we developed a series of positively charged nanoparticles by a facile one-pot assembly approach. In this strategy, nanoparticles were formed by cholic-acid-mediated self-assembly of polyethylenimine (PEI). Regardless of different structures of cholic acids and PEIs, well-defined nanoparticles could be successfully formed. The assembly process was dominated by multiple interactions between cholic acid and PEI, including electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic forces. In vitro studies showed that assembled nanoparticles effectively induced aggregation and activation of platelets. Local application of aqueous solution containing nanoparticles assembled by different cholic acids and PEIs significantly reduced bleeding times in different rodent models including tail transection in mice as well as liver bleeding and femoral artery bleeding in rats or rabbits. Moreover, intravenous (i.v.) injection of this type of positively charged nanoparticles notably prevented bleeding in the femoral artery in rats by targeting the injured site via opsonization of nanoparticles with fibrinogen. By contrast, a control negatively charged nanoparticle showed no hemostatic activity after i.v. delivery. Also, preliminary evaluations in rats revealed a good safety profile after i.v. administration of assembled nanoparticles at a dose 4-fold higher than that used for hemostasis. These results demonstrated that cholic acid/PEI-assembled positive nanoparticles may function as cost-effective and locally applicable or injectable nanohemostats for hemorrhage control in the civilian setting and on the battlefield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Taipa, Macau, China
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Nanoparticles responsive to the inflammatory microenvironment for targeted treatment of arterial restenosis. Biomaterials 2016; 105:167-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Nandi S, Brown AC. Platelet-mimetic strategies for modulating the wound environment and inflammatory responses. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1138-48. [PMID: 27190260 PMCID: PMC4950360 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216647126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets closely interface with the immune system to fight pathogens, target wound sites, and regulate tissue repair. Natural platelet levels within the body can be depleted for a variety of reasons, including excessive bleeding following traumatic injury, or diseases such as cancer and bacterial or viral infections. Platelet transfusions are commonly used to improve platelet count and hemostatic function in these cases, but transfusions can be complicated by the contamination risks and short storage life of donated platelets. Lyophilized platelets that can be freeze-dried and stored for longer periods of time and synthetic platelet-mimetic technologies that can enhance or replace the functions of natural platelets, while minimizing adverse immune responses have been explored as alternatives to transfusion. Synthetic platelets typically comprise nanoparticles surface-decorated with peptides or ligands to recreate specific biological characteristics of platelets, including targeting of wound and disease sites and facilitating platelet aggregation. Recent efforts in synthetic platelet design have additionally focused on matching platelet shape and mechanics to recreate the marginalization and clot contraction capabilities of natural platelets. The ability to specifically tune the properties of synthetic platelet-mimetic materials has shown utility in a variety of applications including hemostasis, drug delivery, and targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Nandi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel-Hill, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Ashley C Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel-Hill, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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33
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Anselmo AC, Mitragotri S. A chemical engineering perspective of nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery: A unit process approach. AIChE J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C. Anselmo
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering; University of California; Santa Barbara CA 93106 and Editor-in-Chief, Bioengineering & Translational Medicine
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34
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Chan LW, Wang X, Wei H, Pozzo LD, White NJ, Pun SH. A synthetic fibrin cross-linking polymer for modulating clot properties and inducing hemostasis. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:277ra29. [PMID: 25739763 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3010383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Clotting factor replacement is the standard management of acute bleeding in congenital and acquired bleeding disorders. We present a synthetic approach to hemostasis using an engineered hemostatic polymer (PolySTAT) that circulates innocuously in the blood, identifies sites of vascular injury, and promotes clot formation to stop bleeding. PolySTAT induces hemostasis by cross-linking the fibrin matrix within clots, mimicking the function of the transglutaminase factor XIII. Furthermore, synthetic PolySTAT binds specifically to fibrin monomers and is uniformly integrated into fibrin fibers during fibrin polymerization, resulting in a fortified, hybrid polymer network with enhanced resistance to enzymatic degradation. In vivo hemostatic activity was confirmed in a rat model of trauma and fluid resuscitation in which intravenous administration of PolySTAT improved survival by reducing blood loss and resuscitation fluid requirements. PolySTAT-induced fibrin cross-linking is a novel approach to hemostasis using synthetic polymers for noninvasive modulation of clot architecture with potentially wide-ranging therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie W Chan
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue Northeast, Box 355061, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hua Wei
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue Northeast, Box 355061, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lilo D Pozzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nathan J White
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue Northeast, Box 355061, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Abstract
While there are currently many well-established topical hemostatic agents for field administration, there are still limited tools to staunch bleeding at less accessible injury sites. Current clinical methods to restore hemostasis after large volume blood loss include platelet and clotting factor transfusion, which have respective drawbacks of short shelf life and risk of viral transmission. Therefore, synthetic hemostatic agents that can be delivered intravenously and encourage stable clot formation after localizing to sites of vascular injury are particularly appealing. In the past three decades, platelet substitutes have been prepared using drug delivery vehicles such as liposomes and PLGA nanoparticles that have been modified to mimic platelet properties. Additionally, structural considerations such as particle size, shape, and flexibility have been addressed in a number of reports. Since platelets are the first responders after vascular injury, platelet substitutes represent an important class of intravenous hemostats under development. More recently, materials affecting fibrin formation have been introduced to induce faster or more stable blood clot formation through fibrin cross-linking. Fibrin represents a major structural component in the final blood clot, and a fibrin-based hemostatic mechanism acting downstream of initial platelet plug formation may be a safer alternative to platelets to avoid undesired thrombotic activity. This Review explores intravenous hemostats under development and strategies to optimize their clotting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie W Chan
- †Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Nathan J White
- ‡Department of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Suzie H Pun
- †Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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36
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Anselmo AC, Modery-Pawlowski CL, Menegatti S, Kumar S, Vogus DR, Tian LL, Chen M, Squires TM, Sen Gupta A, Mitragotri S. Platelet-like nanoparticles: mimicking shape, flexibility, and surface biology of platelets to target vascular injuries. ACS NANO 2014; 8:11243-53. [PMID: 25318048 PMCID: PMC4246005 DOI: 10.1021/nn503732m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents in the vascular compartment represents a significant hurdle in using nanomedicine for treating hemorrhage, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis. While several types of nanoparticles have been developed to meet this goal, their utility is limited by poor circulation, limited margination, and minimal targeting. Platelets have an innate ability to marginate to the vascular wall and specifically interact with vascular injury sites. These platelet functions are mediated by their shape, flexibility, and complex surface interactions. Inspired by this, we report the design and evaluation of nanoparticles that exhibit platelet-like functions including vascular injury site-directed margination, site-specific adhesion, and amplification of injury site-specific aggregation. Our nanoparticles mimic four key attributes of platelets, (i) discoidal morphology, (ii) mechanical flexibility, (iii) biophysically and biochemically mediated aggregation, and (iv) heteromultivalent presentation of ligands that mediate adhesion to both von Willebrand Factor and collagen, as well as specific clustering to activated platelets. Platelet-like nanoparticles (PLNs) exhibit enhanced surface-binding compared to spherical and rigid discoidal counterparts and site-selective adhesive and platelet-aggregatory properties under physiological flow conditions in vitro. In vivo studies in a mouse model demonstrated that PLNs accumulate at the wound site and induce ∼65% reduction in bleeding time, effectively mimicking and improving the hemostatic functions of natural platelets. We show that both the biochemical and biophysical design parameters of PLNs are essential in mimicking platelets and their hemostatic functions. PLNs offer a nanoscale technology that integrates platelet-mimetic biophysical and biochemical properties for potential applications in injectable synthetic hemostats and vascularly targeted payload delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C. Anselmo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | | | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Sunny Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Douglas R. Vogus
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Lewis L. Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Todd M. Squires
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Address correspondence to
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Haji-Valizadeh H, Modery-Pawlowski CL, Sen Gupta A. A factor VIII-derived peptide enables von Willebrand factor (VWF)-binding of artificial platelet nanoconstructs without interfering with VWF-adhesion of natural platelets. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:4765-73. [PMID: 24658160 PMCID: PMC4300948 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr06400j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There is substantial clinical interest in synthetic platelet analogs for potential application in transfusion medicine. To this end, our research is focused on self-assembled peptide-lipid nanoconstructs that can undergo injury site-selective adhesion and subsequently promote site-directed active platelet aggregation, thus mimicking platelet's primary hemostatic actions. For injury site-selective adhesion, we have utilized a coagulation factor FVIII-derived VWF-binding peptide (VBP). FVIII binds to VWF's D'-D3 domain while natural platelet GPIbα binds to VWF's A1 domain. Therefore, we hypothesized that the VBP-decorated nanoconstructs will adhere to VWF without mutual competition with natural platelets. We further hypothesized that the adherent VBP-decorated constructs can enhance platelet aggregation when co-decorated with a fibrinogen-mimetic peptide (FMP). To test these hypotheses, we used glycocalicin to selectively block VWF's A1 domain and, using fluorescence microscopy, studied the binding of fluorescently labeled VBP-decorated nanoconstructs versus platelets to ristocetin-treated VWF. Subsequently, we co-decorated the nanoconstructs with VBP and FMP and incubated them with human platelets to study construct-mediated enhancement of platelet aggregation. Decoration with VBP resulted in substantial construct adhesion to ristocetin-treated VWF even if the A1-domain was blocked by glycocalicin. In comparison, such A1-blocking resulted in significant reduction of platelet adhesion. Without A1-blocking, the VBP-decorated constructs and natural platelets could adhere to VWF concomitantly. Furthermore, the constructs co-decorated with VBP and FMP enhanced active platelet aggregation. The results indicate significant promise in utilizing the FVIII-derived VBP in developing synthetic platelet analogs that do not interfere with VWF-binding of natural platelets but allow site-directed enhancement of platelet aggregation when combined with FMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Haji-Valizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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Modery-Pawlowski CL, Kuo HH, Baldwin WM, Sen Gupta A. A platelet-inspired paradigm for nanomedicine targeted to multiple diseases. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 8:1709-27. [PMID: 24074391 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are megakaryocyte-derived anucleated cells found in the blood. They are mainly responsible for rendering hemostasis or clotting to prevent bleeding complications. Decreased platelet numbers or deficiencies in platelet functions can lead to various acute or chronic bleeding conditions and hemorrhage. On the other hand, dysregulated hyperactivity of the clotting process can lead to thrombosis and vascular occlusion. There is significant evidence that beyond hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets play crucial mechanistic roles in other disease scenarios such as inflammation, immune response and cancer metastasis by mediating several cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, as well as aiding the disease microenvironment via secretion of multiple soluble factors. Therefore, elucidating these mechanistic functions of platelets can provide unique avenues for developing platelet-inspired nanomedicine strategies targeted to these diseases. To this end, the current review provides detailed mechanistic insight into platelets' disease-relevant functions and discusses how these mechanisms can be utilized to engineer targeted nanomedicine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa L Modery-Pawlowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2071 Martin Luther King Jr Drive, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Modery-Pawlowski CL, Gupta AS. Heteromultivalent ligand-decoration for actively targeted nanomedicine. Biomaterials 2014; 35:2568-79. [PMID: 24411677 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Active targeting has become an important component of nanomedicine design where nanovehicles are surface-decorated with cell receptor-specific or disease matrix-specific ligands to enable site-selective binding, retention and delivery of theranostic cargo. In this context, there have been numerous reports regarding surface-modification of nanovehicles with antibodies, antibody fragments, carbohydrates, aptamers and peptides as targeting ligands. However, majority of these reports have focused on using a single type of targeting moiety on the vehicle surface. In any disease development and progression, multiple receptors and proteins are often spatio-temporally upregulated simultaneously and heterogeneously. Rationalizing from this, a significant advantage can be envisioned in targeting multiple entities simultaneously using vehicle co-decoration with multiple types of ligands, to enhance binding activity and targeting specificity. To this end, we present a comprehensive up-to-date review on research endeavors in heteromultivalent ligand-modification of nanovehicles and provide a mechanistic rationale as well as an insightful discussion of this promising area, including findings from our own research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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40
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Behrens AM, Sikorski MJ, Kofinas P. Hemostatic strategies for traumatic and surgical bleeding. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:4182-94. [PMID: 24307256 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Wide interest in new hemostatic approaches has stemmed from unmet needs in the hospital and on the battlefield. Many current commercial hemostatic agents fail to fulfill the design requirements of safety, efficacy, cost, and storage. Academic focus has led to the improvement of existing strategies as well as new developments. This review will identify and discuss the three major classes of hemostatic approaches: biologically derived materials, synthetically derived materials, and intravenously administered hemostatic agents. The general class is first discussed, then specific approaches discussed in detail, including the hemostatic mechanisms and the advancement of the method. As hemostatic strategies evolve and synthetic-biologic interactions are more fully understood, current clinical methodologies will be replaced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Behrens
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 2330 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, College Park, Maryland, 20742
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41
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Li Y, Yu SM. Targeting and mimicking collagens via triple helical peptide assembly. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:968-75. [PMID: 24210894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As the major structural component of the extracellular matrix, collagen plays a crucial role in tissue development and regeneration. Since structural and metabolic abnormalities of collagen are associated with numerous debilitating diseases and pathologic conditions, the ability to target collagens of diseased tissues could lead to new diagnostics and therapeutics. Collagen is also a natural biomaterial widely used in drug delivery and tissue engineering, and construction of synthetic collagen-like materials is gaining interests in the biomaterials community. The unique triple helical structure of collagen has been explored for targeting collagen strands, and for engineering collagen-like functional assemblies and conjugates. This review focuses on the forefront of research activities in the use of the collagen mimetic peptide for both targeting and mimicking collagens via its triple helix mediated strand hybridization and higher order assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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42
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Okamura Y, Takeoka S. [Development of nanoparticle for coagulant]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 116:673-8. [PMID: 24024266 DOI: 10.3950/jibiinkoka.116.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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43
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Liang H, Tuppurainen JP, Lehtinen J, Viitala T, Yliperttula M. Non-labeled monitoring of targeted liposome interactions with a model receptor surface: effect of flow rate and water content. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 50:492-501. [PMID: 23981331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present a novel in vitro approach that utilizes two surface-sensitive and label-free techniques, i.e. surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), to study the interfacial events during liposome-target surface interactions. The flow channels of SPR and QCM devices were first synchronized via hydrodynamic modeling. Biotin-streptavidin was used as a model pair and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were utilized as model surfaces for targeted liposome-surface interaction studies. The interactions between biotin-liposomes and the streptavidin-biotin-SAM surfaces were investigated under controlled shear flows using the synchronized SPR and QCM devices. The response of the liposome interaction was monitored as a function of the flow rate. The affinity and the amount of bound liposome indicated that the increased flow rate improved the binding of the targeted liposomes to the model membrane surfaces. The combined use of the synchronized SPR and QCM devices for nanoparticle interaction studies clearly demonstrates the effect of the flow rate (or the shear stress) on the liposome binding. Our results suggest that the binding of liposomes to the model membranes is flow rate and shear stress regulated. Thus, the flow rate (or the shear stress), which is usually neglected, should be taken into account during the development and optimization of targeted liposome formulations. In addition, the water content within the liposome layer (including the water inside the liposomes and the water between the liposomes) had a significant influence on the visco-elasticity and the binding kinetics to the SAM surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Liang
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Shoffstall AJ, Everhart LM, Varley ME, Soehnlen ES, Shick AM, Ustin JS, Lavik EB. Tuning ligand density on intravenous hemostatic nanoparticles dramatically increases survival following blunt trauma. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:2790-7. [PMID: 23841817 DOI: 10.1021/bm400619v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeted nanoparticles are being pursued for a range of medical applications. Here we utilized targeted nanoparticles (synthetic platelets) to halt bleeding in acute trauma. One of the major questions that arises in the field is the role of surface ligand density in targeted nanoparticles' performance. We developed intravenous hemostatic nanoparticles (GRGDS-NP1) and previously demonstrated their ability to reduce bleeding following femoral artery injury and increase survival after lethal liver trauma in the rat. These nanoparticles are made from block copolymers, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-poly L-lysine-b-poly(ethylene glycol). Surface-conjugated targeting ligand density can be tightly controlled with this system, and here we investigated the effect of varying density on hemostasis and biodistribution. We increased the targeting peptide (GRGDS) concentration 100-fold (GRGDS-NP100) and undertook an in vitro dose-response study using rotational thromboelastometry, finding that GRGDS-NP100 hemostatic nanoparticles were efficacious at doses at least 10 times lower than the GRGDS-NP1. These results were recapitulated in vivo, demonstrating efficacy at eight-fold lower concentration after lethal liver trauma. 1 h survival increased to 92% compared with a scrambled peptide control, 45% (OR = 14.4, 95% CI = [1.36, 143]), a saline control, 47% (OR = 13.5, 95% CI = [1.42, 125]), and GRGDS-NP1, 80% (OR = 1.30, n.s.). This work demonstrates the impact of changing synthetic platelet ligand density on hemostasis and lays the foundation for methods to determine optimal ligand concentration parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Shoffstall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Modery-Pawlowski CL, Tian LL, Ravikumar M, Wong TL, Gupta AS. In vitro and in vivo hemostatic capabilities of a functionally integrated platelet-mimetic liposomal nanoconstruct. Biomaterials 2013; 34:3031-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Modery-Pawlowski CL, Tian LL, Pan V, McCrae KR, Mitragotri S, Sen Gupta A. Approaches to synthetic platelet analogs. Biomaterials 2013; 34:526-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ravikumar M, Modery CL, Wong TL, Gupta AS. Peptide-decorated liposomes promote arrest and aggregation of activated platelets under flow on vascular injury relevant protein surfaces in vitro. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1495-502. [PMID: 22468641 DOI: 10.1021/bm300192t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-mimetic synthetic hemostats are highly attractive in transfusion medicine. To this end, past research reports have described particles that either amplify platelet aggregation or mimic platelet adhesion. However, a construct design that effectively combines both functionalities has not been reported. Here we describe the design of a liposomal construct simultaneously surface-decorated with three peptides (a vWF-binding peptide (VBP), a collagen-binding peptide (CBP), and an active platelet clustering cyclic-RGD (cRGD) peptide), that can integrate platelet-mimetic dual hemostatic activities of adhesion and aggregation. We first demonstrate that surface-immobilized cRGD-liposomes are capable of aggregating activated platelets onto themselves. Subsequently, we demonstrate that hetero-multivalent liposomes bearing VBP, CBP, and cRGD, when introduced in flow with ≈ 20,000 activated platelets per microliter, are capable of adhering to vWF/collagen surfaces and promoting the recruitment/aggregation of platelets onto themselves. We envision that optimizing this construct can lead to a highly refined synthetic hemostat design for potential application in transfusion medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumitha Ravikumar
- Case Western Reserve University, Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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