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Wang Y, Yuan H, Tang S, Liu Y, Cai P, Liu N, Chen Y, Zhou Z. The effects of novel macrocyclic chelates on the targeting properties of the 68Ga-labeled Gastrin releasing peptide receptor antagonist RM2. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:56. [PMID: 37285007 PMCID: PMC10247930 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPr) is a molecular target for the visualization of prostate cancer. Bombesin (BN) analogs are short peptides with a high affinity for GRPr. RM2 is a bombesin-based antagonist. It has been demonstrated that RM2 have superior in vivo biodistribution and targeting properties than high-affinity receptor agonists. This study developed new RM2-like antagonists by introducing the novel bifunctional chelators AAZTA5 and DATA5m to RM2. RESULTS The effects of different macrocyclic chelating groups on drug targeting properties and the possibility of preparing 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals in a kit-based protocol were investigated using 68Ga-labeled entities. Both new RM2 variants were labelled with 68Ga3+ resulting in high yields, stability, and low molarity of the ligand. DATA5m-RM2 and AAZTA5-RM2 incorporated 68Ga3+ nearly quantitatively at room temperature within 3-5 min, and the labelling yield for 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 was approximately 10% under the same conditions. 68Ga-AAZTA5-RM2 showed stronger hydrophilicity according to partition coefficient. Although the maximal cellular uptake values of the three compounds were similar, 68Ga-AAZTA5-RM2 and 68Ga-DATA5m-RM2 peaked more rapidly. Biodistribution studies showed high and specific tumor uptake, with a maximum of 9.12 ± 0.81 percentage injected activity per gram of tissue (%ID/g) for 68Ga-DATA5m-RM2 and 7.82 ± 0.61%ID/g for 68Ga-AAZTA5-RM2 at 30 min after injection. CONCLUSIONS The conditions for complexation of DATA5m-RM2 and AAZTA5-RM2 with gallium-68 are milder, faster and require less amount of precursors than DOTA-RM2. Chelators had an evident influence on the pharmacokinetics and targeting properties of 68Ga-X-RM2 derivatives. Positively charged 68Ga-DATA5m-RM2 provided a high tumor uptake, high image contrast and good capability of targeting GRPr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinwen Wang
- The Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongmei Yuan
- The Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Sufan Tang
- The Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Cai
- The Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Chen
- The Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- The Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Wilden A, Kowalski PM, Klaß L, Kraus B, Kreft F, Modolo G, Li Y, Rothe J, Dardenne K, Geist A, Leoncini A, Huskens J, Verboom W. Unprecedented Inversion of Selectivity and Extraordinary Difference in the Complexation of Trivalent f Elements by Diastereomers of a Methylated Diglycolamide. Chemistry 2019; 25:5507-5513. [PMID: 30720905 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
When considering f elements, solvent extraction is primarily used for the removal of lanthanides from ore and their recycling, as well as for the separation of actinides from used nuclear fuel. Understanding the complexation mechanism of metal ions with organic extractants, particularly the influence of their molecular structure on complex formation is of fundamental importance. Herein, we report an extraordinary (up to two orders of magnitude) change in the extraction efficiency of f elements with two diastereomers of dimethyl tetraoctyl diglycolamide (Me2 -TODGA), which only differ in the orientation of a single methyl group. Solvent extraction techniques, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) based ab initio calculations were used to understand their complex structures and to explain their complexation mechanism. We show that the huge differences observed in extraction selectivity results from a small change in the complexation of nitrate counter-ions caused by the different orientation of one methyl group in the backbone of the extractant. The obtained results give a significant new insight into metal-ligand complexation mechanisms, which will promote the development of more efficient separation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wilden
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung-Nukleare Entsorgung, und Reaktorsicherheit- (IEK-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse 1, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,JARA High-Performance Computing, Schinkelstrasse 2, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Piotr M Kowalski
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung-Nukleare Entsorgung, und Reaktorsicherheit- (IEK-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse 1, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,JARA High-Performance Computing, Schinkelstrasse 2, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Larissa Klaß
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung-Nukleare Entsorgung, und Reaktorsicherheit- (IEK-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse 1, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,JARA High-Performance Computing, Schinkelstrasse 2, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kraus
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung-Nukleare Entsorgung, und Reaktorsicherheit- (IEK-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse 1, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,JARA High-Performance Computing, Schinkelstrasse 2, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kreft
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung-Nukleare Entsorgung, und Reaktorsicherheit- (IEK-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse 1, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,JARA High-Performance Computing, Schinkelstrasse 2, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Modolo
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung-Nukleare Entsorgung, und Reaktorsicherheit- (IEK-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse 1, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,JARA High-Performance Computing, Schinkelstrasse 2, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yan Li
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung-Nukleare Entsorgung, und Reaktorsicherheit- (IEK-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse 1, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,JARA High-Performance Computing, Schinkelstrasse 2, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg Rothe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kathy Dardenne
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Geist
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrea Leoncini
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanofabrication, Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanofabrication, Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Verboom
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanofabrication, Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Holik HA, Uehara T, Nemoto S, Rokugawa T, Tomizawa Y, Sakuma A, Mizuno Y, Suzuki H, Arano Y. Coordination-Mediated Synthesis of 67Ga-Labeled Purification-Free Trivalent Probes for in Vivo Imaging of Saturable Systems. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2909-2919. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Holis A. Holik
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 46363, Indonesia
| | - Tomoya Uehara
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Soki Nemoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takemi Rokugawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuumi Tomizawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Ayako Sakuma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuki Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yasushi Arano
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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Reich D, Wurzer A, Wirtz M, Stiegler V, Spatz P, Pollmann J, Wester HJ, Notni J. Dendritic poly-chelator frameworks for multimeric bioconjugation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:2586-2589. [PMID: 28191563 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc10169k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Starting from multifunctional triazacyclononane-triphosphinate chelator cores, dendritic molecules with the ability to bind metal ions within their framework were synthesized. A cooperative interaction of the chelator cages resulted in a markedly increased affinity towards 67/68GaIII. A hexameric PSMA inhibitor conjugate with high affinity (IC50 = 1.2 nM) and favorable in vivo PET imaging properties demonstrated practical applicability. The novel scaffolds are useful for synthesis of structurally well-defined multimodal imaging probes or theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Reich
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Alexander Wurzer
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Martina Wirtz
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Veronika Stiegler
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Philipp Spatz
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Julia Pollmann
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Johannes Notni
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
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5
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Spang P, Herrmann C, Roesch F. Bifunctional Gallium-68 Chelators: Past, Present, and Future. Semin Nucl Med 2016; 46:373-94. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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6
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Seelam SR, Lee JY, Lee YS, Hong MK, Kim YJ, Banka VK, Lee DS, Chung JK, Jeong JM. Development of (68)Ga-labeled multivalent nitroimidazole derivatives for hypoxia imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7743-50. [PMID: 26643217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabeled nitroimidazole (NI) derivatives have been extensively studied for imaging hypoxia. To increase the hypoxic tissue uptake, we developed (68)Ga-labeled agents based on mono-, bis-, and trisnitroimidazole conjugates with the chelating agent 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-tris[methyl(2-carboxyethyl)phosphinic acid] (TRAP). All the three agents showed high radiolabeling yields (>96%) and were found to be stable up to 4h in prepared medium at room temperature and in human serum at 37°C. The trivalent agent showed a significant increase in hypoxic to normoxic uptake ratio (p <0.005) according to the in vitro cell uptake experiments. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the presence of hypoxia in xenografted CT26 tumor tissue. The trivalent derivative ((68)Ga-3: 0.17±0.04, (68)Ga-4: 0.33±0.04, (68)Ga-5: 0.45±0.09, and (68)Ga-6: 0.47±0.05% ID/g) showed the highest uptake by tumor cells according to the biodistribution studies in CT-26 xenografted mice. All the nitroimidazole derivatives showed significantly higher uptake by tumor cells than the control agent (p <0.05) at 1h post-injection. The trivalent derivative ((68)Ga-3: 0.10±0.06; (68)Ga-4: 0.20±0.06; (68)Ga-5: 0.33±0.08; (68)Ga-6: 0.59±0.09) also showed the highest standard uptake value for tumor cells at 1h post-injection in animal PET studies using CT-26 xenografted mice. In conclusion, we successfully synthesized multivalent (68)Ga-labeled NI derivatives for imaging hypoxia. Among them, the trivalent agent showed the highest tumor uptake in biodistribution and animal PET studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakara Reddy Seelam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Applied Life Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Youn Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Applied Life Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Vinay Kumar Banka
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Applied Life Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Máté G, Šimeček J, Pniok M, Kertész I, Notni J, Wester HJ, Galuska L, Hermann P. The influence of the combination of carboxylate and phosphinate pendant arms in 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-based chelators on their 68Ga labelling properties. Molecules 2015. [PMID: 26197305 PMCID: PMC6331800 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200713112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to compare the coordination properties of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tacn) derivatives bearing varying numbers of phosphinic/carboxylic acid pendant groups towards 68Ga, 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-7-acetic-1,4-bis(methylenephosphinic) acid (NOPA) and 1,4,7- triazacyclononane-4,7-diacetic-1-[methylene(2-carboxyethyl)phosphinic] acid (NO2AP) were synthesized using Mannich reactions with trivalent or pentavalent forms of H-phosphinic acids as phosphorus components. Stepwise protonation constants logK1-3 12.06, 3.90 and 1.95, and stability constants with GaIII and CuII, logKGaL 24.01 and logKCuL 16.66, were potentiometrically determined for NOPA. Both ligands were labelled with 68Ga and compared with NOTA (tacn-N,N',N″-triacetic acid) and NOPO, a TRAP-type [tacn-N,N',N″- tris(methylenephosphinic acid)] chelator. At pH 3, NOPO and NOPA showed higher labelling efficiency (binding with lower ligand excess) at both room temperature and 95 °C, compared to NO2AP and NOTA. Labelling efficiency at pH = 0-3 correlated with a number of phosphinic acid pendants: NOPO >> NOPA > NO2AP >> NOTA; however, it was more apparent at 95 °C than at room temperature. By contrast, NOTA was found to be labelled more efficiently at pH > 4 compared to the ligands with phosphinic acids. Overall, replacement of a single phosphinate donor with a carboxylate does not challenge 68Ga labelling of TRAP-type chelators. However, the presence of carboxylates facilitates labelling at neutral or weakly acidic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Máté
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; E-Mails: (G.M.); (I.K.); (L.G.)
| | - Jakub Šimeček
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany; E-Mails: (J.Š.); (J.N.); (H.-J.W.)
| | - Miroslav Pniok
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague 2, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
| | - István Kertész
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; E-Mails: (G.M.); (I.K.); (L.G.)
| | - Johannes Notni
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany; E-Mails: (J.Š.); (J.N.); (H.-J.W.)
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany; E-Mails: (J.Š.); (J.N.); (H.-J.W.)
| | - László Galuska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; E-Mails: (G.M.); (I.K.); (L.G.)
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague 2, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +420-221-951-263; Fax: +420-221-951-253
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Baranyai Z, Reich D, Vágner A, Weineisen M, Tóth I, Wester HJ, Notni J. A shortcut to high-affinity Ga-68 and Cu-64 radiopharmaceuticals: one-pot click chemistry trimerisation on the TRAP platform. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:11137-46. [PMID: 25999035 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00576k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to its 3 carbonic acid groups being available for bioconjugation, the TRAP chelator (1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-tris(methylene(2-carboxyethylphosphinic acid))) is chosen for the synthesis of trimeric bioconjugates for radiolabelling. We optimized a protocol for bio-orthogonal TRAP conjugation via Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen-cycloaddition of terminal azides and alkynes (CuAAC), including a detailed investigation of kinetic properties of Cu(II)-TRAP complexes. TRAP building blocks for CuAAC, TRAP(alkyne)3 and TRAP(azide)3 were obtained by amide coupling of propargylamine/3-azidopropyl-1-amine, respectively. For Cu(II) complexes of neat and triply amide-functionalized TRAP, the equilibrium properties as well as pseudo-first-order Cu(II)-transchelation, using 10 to 30 eq. of NOTA and EDTA, were studied by UV-spectrophotometry. Dissociation of any Cu(II)-TRAP species was found to be independent on the nature or excess of a competing chelator, confirming a proton-driven two-step mechanism. The respective thermodynamic stability constants (log K(ML): 19.1 and 17.6) and dissociation rates (k: 38 × 10(-6) and 7 × 10(-6) s(-1), 298 K, pH 4) show that the Cu(II) complex of the TRAP-conjugate possesses lower thermodynamic stability but higher kinetic inertness. At pH 2-3, its demetallation with NOTA was complete within several hours/days at room temperature, respectively, enabling facile Cu(II) removal after click coupling by direct addition of NOTA trihydrochloride to the CuAAC reaction mixture. Notwithstanding this, an extrapolated dissociation half life of >100 h at 37 °C and pH 7 confirms the suitability of TRAP-bioconjugates for application in Cu-64 PET (cf. t(1/2)(Cu-64) = 12.7 h). To showcase advantages of the method, TRAP(DUPA-Pep)3, a trimer of the PSMA inhibitor DUPA-Pep, was synthesized using 1 eq. TRAP(alkyne)3, 3.3 eq. DUPA-Pep-azide, 10 eq. Na ascorbate, and 1.2 eq. Cu(II)-acetate. Its PSMA affinity (IC50), determined by the competition assay on LNCaP cells, was 18-times higher than that of the corresponding DOTAGA monomer (IC50: 2 ± 0.1 vs. 36 ± 4 nM), resulting in markedly improved contrast in Ga-68-PET imaging. In conclusion, the kinetic inertness profile of Cu(II)-TRAP conjugates allows for simple Cu(II) removal after click functionalisation by means of transchelation, but also confirms their suitability for Cu-64-PET as demonstrated previously (Dalton Trans., 2012, 41, 13803).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Baranyai
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
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Seemann J, Waldron BP, Roesch F, Parker D. Approaching 'Kit-Type' Labelling with (68)Ga: The DATA Chelators. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1019-26. [PMID: 25899500 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The DATA chelators are a novel class of tri-anionic ligands based on 6-amino-1,4-diazepine-triacetic acid, which have been introduced recently for the chelation of (68)Ga. Compared with macrocyclic chelators based on the cyclen scaffold (i.e., DOTA, DO3A, and DO2A derivatives), DATA chelators undergo quantitative radiolabelling more rapidly and under milder conditions. In this study, a systematic evaluation of the labelling of four DATA chelators--DATA(M), DATA(P), DATA(Ph), and DATA(PPh)--with (68)Ga is presented. The results highlight the extraordinary potential of this new class of chelators for application in molecular imaging using (68)Ga positron emission tomography (PET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Seemann
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz (Germany).
| | - Bradley P Waldron
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz (Germany).,Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE (UK)
| | - Frank Roesch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz (Germany)
| | - David Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE (UK)
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10
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Uehara T, Rokugawa T, Kinoshita M, Nemoto S, Fransisco Lazaro GG, Hanaoka H, Arano Y. (67/68)Ga-labeling agent that liberates (67/68)Ga-NOTA-methionine by lysosomal proteolysis of parental low molecular weight polypeptides to reduce renal radioactivity levels. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:2038-45. [PMID: 25303645 DOI: 10.1021/bc5004058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The renal localization of gallium-67 or gallium-68 ((67/68)Ga)-labeled low molecular weight (LMW) probes such as peptides and antibody fragments constitutes a problem in targeted imaging. Wu et al. previously showed that (67)Ga-labeled S-2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (SCN-Bz-NOTA)-conjugated methionine ((67)Ga-NOTA-Met) was rapidly excreted from the kidney in urine following lysosomal proteolysis of the parental (67)Ga-NOTA-Bz-SCN-disulfide-stabilized Fv fragment (Bioconjugate Chem., (1997) 8, 365-369). In the present study, a new (67/68)Ga-labeling reagent for LMW probes that liberates (67/68)Ga-NOTA-Met was designed, synthesized, and evaluated using longer-lived (67)Ga in order to reduce renal radioactivity levels. We employed a methionine-isoleucine (MI) dipeptide bond as the cleavable linkage. The amine residue of MI was coupled with SCN-Bz-NOTA for (67)Ga-labeling, while the carboxylic acid residue of MI was derivatized to maleimide for antibody conjugation in order to synthesize NOTA-MI-Mal. A Fab fragment of the anti-Her2 antibody was thiolated with iminothiolane, and NOTA-MI-Mal was conjugated with the antibody fragment by maleimide-thiol chemistry. The Fab fragment was also conjugated with SCN-Bz-NOTA (NOTA-Fab) for comparison. (67)Ga-NOTA-MI-Fab was obtained at radiochemical yields of over 95% and was stable in murine serum for 24 h. In the biodistribution study using normal mice, (67)Ga-NOTA-MI-Fab registered significantly lower renal radioactivity levels from 1 to 6 h postinjection than those of (67)Ga-NOTA-Fab. An analysis of urine samples obtained 6 h after the injection of (67)Ga-NOTA-MI-Fab showed that the majority of radioactivity was excreted as (67)Ga-NOTA-Met. In the biodistribution study using tumor-bearing mice, the tumor to kidney ratios of (67)Ga-NOTA-MI-Fab were 4 times higher (6 h postinjection) than those of (67)Ga-NOTA-Fab. Although further studies including the structure of radiometabolites and/or cleavable linkages are required, the results of the present study indicate that the current chemical design is applicable to the development of (67)Ga-labeled Fabs for low renal radioactivity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Uehara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 263-8675, Japan
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Enantiopure bifunctional chelators for copper radiopharmaceuticals – Does chirality matter in radiotracer design? Eur J Med Chem 2014; 80:308-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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12
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Burke BP, Clemente GS, Archibald SJ. Recent advances in chelator design and labelling methodology for (68) Ga radiopharmaceuticals. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:239-43. [PMID: 24497011 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gallium-68 has the potential to become the technetium-99m of positron emission tomography with ideal decay characteristics and a long-lived parent isotope for generator production. The work in the area of (68) Ga is focused on two key areas: (1) synthesis of a library of bifunctional chelators, which can be quickly radiolabelled to form kinetically inert complexes under mild conditions compatible with biomolecules and (2) development of radiosynthetic methodologies for clinical use and to facilitate radiolabelling of a wide range of chelators under mild conditions. Recent advances in these areas, with particular focus on the past 3 years, are covered herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK; Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
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Šimeček J, Zemek O, Hermann P, Notni J, Wester HJ. Tailored Gallium(III) Chelator NOPO: Synthesis, Characterization, Bioconjugation, and Application in Preclinical Ga-68-PET Imaging. Mol Pharm 2013; 11:3893-903. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400642s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Šimeček
- Lehrstuhl
für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner-Str. 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ondřej Zemek
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Notni
- Lehrstuhl
für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner-Str. 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Lehrstuhl
für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner-Str. 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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Šimeček J, Hermann P, Havlíčková J, Herdtweck E, Kapp TG, Engelbogen N, Kessler H, Wester HJ, Notni J. A cyclen-based tetraphosphinate chelator for the preparation of radiolabeled tetrameric bioconjugates. Chemistry 2013; 19:7748-57. [PMID: 23613345 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The cyclen-based tetraphosphinate chelator 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis[methylene(2-carboxyethyl)phosphinic acid] (DOTPI) comprises four additional carboxylic acid moieties for bioconjugation. The thermodynamic stability constants (logK(ML)) of metal complexes, as determined by potentiometry, were 23.11 for Cu(II), 20.0 for Lu(III), 19.6 for Y(III), and 21.0 for Gd(III). DOTPI was functionalized with four cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Lys) (RGD) peptides through polyethylene glycol (PEG4) linkers. The resulting tetrameric conjugate DOTPI(RGD)4 was radiolabeled with (177)Lu and (64)Cu and showed improved labeling efficiency compared with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA). The labeled compounds were fully stable in transchelation challenges against trisodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) and disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (ETDA), in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and human plasma. Integrin αvβ3 affinities of the non-radioactive Lu(III) and Cu(II) complexes of DOTPI(RGD)4 were 18 times higher (both IC50 about 70 picomolar) than that of the c(RGDfK) peptide (IC50 = 1.3 nanomolar). Facile access to tetrameric conjugates and the possibility of radiolabeling with therapeutic and diagnostic radionuclides render DOTPI suitable for application in peptide receptor radionuclide imaging (PRRI) and therapy (PRRT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Šimeček
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner Strasse 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
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