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Chen J, Zhang X, Millican R, Creutzmann JE, Martin S, Jun HW. High density lipoprotein mimicking nanoparticles for atherosclerosis. NANO CONVERGENCE 2020; 7:6. [PMID: 31984429 PMCID: PMC6983461 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-019-0214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major contributor to many cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and peripheral arterial disease, making it the leading cause of death worldwide. High-density lipoproteins (HDL), also known as "good cholesterol", have been shown to demonstrate anti-atherosclerotic efficacy through the removal of cholesterol from foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques. Because of the excellent anti-atherosclerotic properties of HDL, in the past several years, there has been tremendous attention in designing HDL mimicking nanoparticles (NPs) of varying functions to image, target, and treat atherosclerosis. In this review, we are summarizing the recent progress in the development of HDL mimicking NPs and their applications for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Xixi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Reid Millican
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Jacob Emil Creutzmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Sean Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Ho-Wook Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
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2
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Mulder WJM, van Leent MMT, Lameijer M, Fisher EA, Fayad ZA, Pérez-Medina C. High-Density Lipoprotein Nanobiologics for Precision Medicine. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:127-137. [PMID: 29281244 PMCID: PMC11162759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nature is an inspirational source for biomedical engineering developments. Particularly, numerous nanotechnological approaches have been derived from biological concepts. For example, among many different biological nanosized materials, viruses have been extensively studied and utilized, while exosome research has gained much traction in the 21st century. In our body, fat is transported by lipoproteins, intriguing supramolecular nanostructures that have important roles in cell function, lipid metabolism, and disease. Lipoproteins' main constituents are phospholipids and apolipoproteins, forming a corona that encloses a hydrophobic core of triglycerides and cholesterol esters. Within the lipoprotein family, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), primarily composed of apolipoprotein A1 (apoA-I) and phospholipids, measuring a mere 10 nm, is the smallest and densest particle. Its endogenous character makes HDL particularly suitable as a nanocarrier platform to target a range of inflammatory diseases. For a decade and a half, our laboratories have focused on HDL's exploitation, repurposing, and reengineering for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, generating versatile hybrid nanomaterials, referred to as nanobiologics, that are inherently biocompatible and biodegradable, efficiently cross different biological barriers, and intrinsically interact with immune cells. The latter is facilitated by HDL's intrinsic ability to interact with the ATP-binding cassette receptor A1 (ABCA1) and ABCG1, as well as scavenger receptor type B1 (SR-BI). In this Account, we will provide an up-to-date overview on the available methods for extraction, isolation, and purification of apoA-I from native HDL, as well as its recombinant production. ApoA-I's subsequent use for the reconstitution of HDL (rHDL) and other HDL-derived nanobiologics, including innovative microfluidic-based production methods, and their characterization will be discussed. The integration of different hydrophobic and amphiphilic imaging labels, including chelated radioisotopes and paramagnetic or fluorescent lipids, renders HDL nanobiologics suitable for diagnostic purposes. Nanoengineering also allows HDL reconstitution with core payloads, such as diagnostically active nanocrystals, as well as hydrophobic drugs or controlled release polymers for therapeutic purposes. The platform technology's specificity for inflammatory myeloid cells and methods to modulate specificity will be highlighted. This Account will build toward examples of in vivo studies in cardiovascular disease and cancer models, including diagnostic studies by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography (PET). A translational success story about the escalation of zirconium-89 radiolabeled HDL (89Zr-HDL) PET imaging from atherosclerotic mice to rabbits and pigs and all the way to cardiovascular disease patients is highlighted. Finally, recent advances in nanobiologic-facilitated immunotherapy of inflammation are spotlighted. Lessons, success stories, and perspectives on the use of these nature-inspired HDL mimetics are an integral part of this Account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem J. M. Mulder
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mandy M. T. van Leent
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marnix Lameijer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Zahi A. Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Carlos Pérez-Medina
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
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Banik B, Wen R, Marrache S, Kumar A, Kolishetti N, Howerth EW, Dhar S. Core hydrophobicity tuning of a self-assembled particle results in efficient lipid reduction and favorable organ distribution. NANOSCALE 2017; 10:366-377. [PMID: 29218349 PMCID: PMC5744677 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06295h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the deadliest disease in the United States, arises due to the build up of plaques in the arteries as a result of excessive cholesterol deposition and an impaired cholesterol removal process. High density lipoproteins (HDL), popularly known as "good cholesterol", are naturally occurring nano-sized particles that, along with apolipoproteins, are deployed to maintain cholesterol homeostasis in the body. Both cholesterol efflux, from the fat-laden macrophages in the arteries, and intracellular lipid transport, to deliver cholesterol to the mitochondria of liver cells for metabolism, hold key responsibilities to maintain healthy lipid levels inside the body. We designed a library of nine mitochondria targeted polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (NPs), comprised of completely synthetic yet biodegradable components, that are capable of performing HDL-like functions. Using this library, we optimized a superior mitochondria targeted NP candidate, which can show favourable organ distribution, therapeutic potential, and non-toxic properties. Two targeted NP formulations with optimum NP size, zeta potential, and cholesterol binding and release properties were identified. Lipid reduction and anti-oxidative properties of these two NPs demonstrated cholesterol removal ability. In vivo therapeutic evaluation of the targeted-NP formulations in apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE-/-) mice indicated lipid reduction and anti-inflammatory properties compared to non-targeted NPs. This synthetic targeted NP with potential abilities to participate in both extra- and intracellular cholesterol transport might potentiate therapeutic interventions for heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhabatosh Banik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Thaxton CS, Rink JS, Naha PC, Cormode DP. Lipoproteins and lipoprotein mimetics for imaging and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:116-131. [PMID: 27133387 PMCID: PMC5086317 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipoproteins are a set of natural nanoparticles whose main role is the transport of fats within the body. While much work has been done to develop synthetic nanocarriers to deliver drugs or contrast media, natural nanoparticles such as lipoproteins represent appealing alternatives. Lipoproteins are biocompatible, biodegradable, non-immunogenic and are naturally targeted to some disease sites. Lipoproteins can be modified to act as contrast agents in many ways, such as by insertion of gold cores to provide contrast for computed tomography. They can be loaded with drugs, nucleic acids, photosensitizers or boron to act as therapeutics. Attachment of ligands can re-route lipoproteins to new targets. These attributes render lipoproteins attractive and versatile delivery vehicles. In this review we will provide background on lipoproteins, then survey their roles as contrast agents, in drug and nucleic acid delivery, as well as in photodynamic therapy and boron neutron capture therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shad Thaxton
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan S Rink
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pratap C Naha
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David P Cormode
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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5
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Ramos-Cabrer P, Fay F, Sanchez-Gaytan BL, Tang J, Castillo J, Fayad ZA, Mulder WM. Conformational Changes in High-Density Lipoprotein Nanoparticles Induced by High Payloads of Paramagnetic Lipids. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:470-475. [PMID: 27713933 PMCID: PMC5046173 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) nanoparticles doped with gadolinium lipids can be used as magnetic resonance imaging diagnostic agents for atherosclerosis. In this study, HDL nanoparticles with different molar fractions of gadolinium lipids (0 < xGd-lipids < 0.33) were prepared, and the MR relaxivity values (r1 and r2) for all compositions were measured. Both r1 and r2 parameters reached a maximal value at a molar fraction of approximately xGd-lipids = 0.2. Higher payloads of gadolinium did not significantly increase relaxivity values but induced changes in the structure of HDL, increasing the size of the particles from dH = 8.2 ± 1.6 to 51.7 ± 7.3 nm. High payloads of gadolinium lipids trigger conformational changes in HDL, with potential effects on the in vivo behavior of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ramos-Cabrer
- Molecular
Imaging Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
- Clinical
Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Clinical Hospital Santiago, Health Sciences
Institute (IDIS), Travesa
da choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francois Fay
- Translational
and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School
of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United
States
| | - Brenda L. Sanchez-Gaytan
- Translational
and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School
of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United
States
| | - Jun Tang
- Translational
and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School
of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United
States
- Radiology
Department, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - José Castillo
- Clinical
Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Clinical Hospital Santiago, Health Sciences
Institute (IDIS), Travesa
da choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Zahi A. Fayad
- Translational
and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School
of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United
States
| | - Willem
J. M. Mulder
- Translational
and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School
of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United
States
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Strauch H, Engelmann J, Scheffler K, Mayer HA. A simple approach to a new T8-POSS based MRI contrast agent. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:15104-15113. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02365g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple synthesis of a new nanoglobular T8-silsesquioxane based contrast agent for the application in MRI is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Strauch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Jörn Engelmann
- Hochfeld-Magnetresonanz-Zentrum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biologische Kybernetik
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Hochfeld-Magnetresonanz-Zentrum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biologische Kybernetik
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance
| | - Hermann A. Mayer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
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Shen ZT, Zheng S, Gounis MJ, Sigalov AB. Diagnostic Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mouse Model Using Macrophage-Targeted Gadolinium-Containing Synthetic Lipopeptide Nanoparticles. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143453. [PMID: 26569115 PMCID: PMC4646679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in Western cultures. The vast majority of cardiovascular events, including stroke and myocardial infarction, result from the rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, which are characterized by high and active macrophage content. Current imaging modalities including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) aim to characterize anatomic and structural features of plaques rather than their content. Previously, we reported that macrophage-targeted delivery of gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agent (GBCA-HDL) using high density lipoproteins (HDL)-like particles significantly enhances the detection of plaques in an apolipoprotein (apo) E knockout (KO) mouse model, with an atherosclerotic wall/muscle normalized enhancement ratio (NER) of 120% achieved. These particles are comprised of lipids and synthetic peptide fragments of the major protein of HDL, apo A-I, that contain a naturally occurring modification which targets the particles to macrophages. Targeted delivery minimizes the Gd dose and thus reduces the adverse effects of Gd. The aims of the current study were to test whether varying the GBCA-HDL particle shape and composition can further enhance atherosclerotic plaque MRI and control organ clearance of these agents. We show that the optimized GBCA-HDL particles are efficiently delivered intracellularly to and uptaken by both J774 macrophages in vitro and more importantly, by intraplaque macrophages in vivo, as evidenced by NER up to 160% and higher. This suggests high diagnostic power of our GBCA-HDL particles in the detection of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Further, in contrast to discoidal, spherical GBCA-HDL exhibit hepatic clearance, which could further diminish adverse renal effects of Gd. Finally, activated macrophages are reliable indicators of any inflamed tissues and are implicated in other areas of unmet clinical need such as rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis and cancer, suggesting the expanded diagnostic and prognostic use of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu T. Shen
- SignaBlok, Inc, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shaokuan Zheng
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Gounis
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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