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Parit S, Manchare A, Gholap AD, Mundhe P, Hatvate N, Rojekar S, Patravale V. Antibody-Drug Conjugates: A promising breakthrough in cancer therapy. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124211. [PMID: 38750981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) provide effective cancer treatment through the selective delivery of cytotoxic payloads to the cancer cells. They offer unparalleled precision and specificity in directing drugs to cancer cells while minimizing off-target effects. Despite several advantages, there is a requirement for innovations in the molecular design of ADC owing to drug resistance, cancer heterogeneity along the adverse effects of treatment. The review critically analyses ADC function mechanisms, unraveling the intricate interplay between antibodies, linkers, and payloads in facilitating targeted drug delivery to cancer cells. The article also highlights notable advancements in antibody engineering, which aid in creating highly selective and potent ADCs. Additionally, the review details significant progress in clinical ADC development with an in-depth examination of pivotal trials and approved formulations. Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are a ground-breaking approach to targeted drug delivery, especially in cancer treatment. They offer unparalleled precision and specificity in directing drugs to cancer cells while minimizing off-target effects. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the current state of ADC development, covering their design, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications. The article emphasizes the need for greater precision in drug delivery and explains why ADCs are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnali Parit
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ajit Manchare
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol D Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar 401404, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant Mundhe
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India
| | - Navnath Hatvate
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish Rojekar
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India.
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2
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Tsuchikama K, Anami Y, Ha SYY, Yamazaki CM. Exploring the next generation of antibody-drug conjugates. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:203-223. [PMID: 38191923 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a promising cancer treatment modality that enables the selective delivery of highly cytotoxic payloads to tumours. However, realizing the full potential of this platform necessitates innovative molecular designs to tackle several clinical challenges such as drug resistance, tumour heterogeneity and treatment-related adverse effects. Several emerging ADC formats exist, including bispecific ADCs, conditionally active ADCs (also known as probody-drug conjugates), immune-stimulating ADCs, protein-degrader ADCs and dual-drug ADCs, and each offers unique capabilities for tackling these various challenges. For example, probody-drug conjugates can enhance tumour specificity, whereas bispecific ADCs and dual-drug ADCs can address resistance and heterogeneity with enhanced activity. The incorporation of immune-stimulating and protein-degrader ADCs, which have distinct mechanisms of action, into existing treatment strategies could enable multimodal cancer treatment. Despite the promising outlook, the importance of patient stratification and biomarker identification cannot be overstated for these emerging ADCs, as these factors are crucial to identify patients who are most likely to derive benefit. As we continue to deepen our understanding of tumour biology and refine ADC design, we will edge closer to developing truly effective and safe ADCs for patients with treatment-refractory cancers. In this Review, we highlight advances in each ADC component (the monoclonal antibody, payload, linker and conjugation chemistry) and provide more-detailed discussions on selected examples of emerging novel ADCs of each format, enabled by engineering of one or more of these components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Yasuaki Anami
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Summer Y Y Ha
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chisato M Yamazaki
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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3
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Chauhan P, V R, Kumar M, Molla R, Mishra SD, Basa S, Rai V. Chemical technology principles for selective bioconjugation of proteins and antibodies. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:380-449. [PMID: 38095227 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00715d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Proteins are multifunctional large organic compounds that constitute an essential component of a living system. Hence, control over their bioconjugation impacts science at the chemistry-biology-medicine interface. A chemical toolbox for their precision engineering can boost healthcare and open a gateway for directed or precision therapeutics. Such a chemical toolbox remained elusive for a long time due to the complexity presented by the large pool of functional groups. The precise single-site modification of a protein requires a method to address a combination of selectivity attributes. This review focuses on guiding principles that can segregate them to simplify the task for a chemical method. Such a disintegration systematically employs a multi-step chemical transformation to deconvolute the selectivity challenges. It constitutes a disintegrate (DIN) theory that offers additional control parameters for tuning precision in protein bioconjugation. This review outlines the selectivity hurdles faced by chemical methods. It elaborates on the developments in the perspective of DIN theory to demonstrate simultaneous regulation of reactivity, chemoselectivity, site-selectivity, modularity, residue specificity, and protein specificity. It discusses the progress of such methods to construct protein and antibody conjugates for biologics, including antibody-fluorophore and antibody-drug conjugates (AFCs and ADCs). It also briefs how this knowledge can assist in developing small molecule-based covalent inhibitors. In the process, it highlights an opportunity for hypothesis-driven routes to accelerate discoveries of selective methods and establish new targetome in the precision engineering of proteins and antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Ragendu V
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Mohan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Rajib Molla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Surya Dev Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Sneha Basa
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Vishal Rai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
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4
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Koutsopetras I, Mishra AK, Benazza R, Hernandez-Alba O, Cianférani S, Chaubet G, Nicolai S, Waser J. Cysteine-Cysteine Cross-Conjugation of both Peptides and Proteins with a Bifunctional Hypervalent Iodine-Electrophilic Reagent. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302689. [PMID: 37712523 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Peptide and protein bioconjugation sees ever-growing applications in the pharmaceutical sector. Novel strategies and reagents that can address the chemo- and regioselectivity issues inherent to these biomolecules, while delivering stable and functionalizable conjugates, are therefore needed. Herein, we introduce the crosslinking ethynylbenziodazolone (EBZ) reagent JW-AM-005 for the conjugation of peptides and proteins through the selective linkage of cysteine residues. This easily accessed compound gives access to peptide dimers or stapled peptides under mild and tuneable conditions. Applied to the antibody fragment of antigen binding (Fab) species, JW-AM-005 delivered rebridged proteins in a one-pot three-reaction process with high regioselectivity, outperforming the standard reagents commonly used for this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Koutsopetras
- UMR 7199 CNRS-UdS, Chime Bio-Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch cedex, France
| | - Abhaya Kumar Mishra
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéralede de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rania Benazza
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg CNRS, 67087, Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI-FR2048, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Oscar Hernandez-Alba
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg CNRS, 67087, Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI-FR2048, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg CNRS, 67087, Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI-FR2048, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Guilhem Chaubet
- UMR 7199 CNRS-UdS, Chime Bio-Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch cedex, France
| | - Stefano Nicolai
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéralede de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéralede de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Zhao Y, Chudasama V, Baker JR. Trifunctional Dibromomaleimide Reagents Built Around A Lysine Scaffold Deliver Site-selective Dual-modality Antibody Conjugation. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300356. [PMID: 37548625 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and application of a selection of trifunctional reagents for the dual-modality modification of native, solvent accessible disulfide bonds in trastuzumab. The reagents were developed from the dibromomaleimide (DBM) platform with two orthogonal clickable functional groups built around a lysine core. We also describe the development of an aryl diselenide additive which enables antibody disulfide reduction in 4 minutes and a rapid overall reduction-bridging-double click sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
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6
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Thoreau F, Rochet LNC, Baker JR, Chudasama V. Enabling the formation of native mAb, Fab' and Fc-conjugates using a bis-disulfide bridging reagent to achieve tunable payload-to-antibody ratios (PARs). Chem Sci 2023; 14:3752-3762. [PMID: 37035695 PMCID: PMC10074397 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06318b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Either as full IgGs or as fragments (Fabs, Fc, etc.), antibodies have received tremendous attention in the development of new therapeutics such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). The production of ADCs involves the grafting of active payloads onto an antibody, which is generally enabled by the site-selective modification of native or engineered antibodies via chemical or enzymatic methods. Whatever method is employed, controlling the payload-antibody ratio (PAR) is a challenge in terms of multiple aspects including: (i) obtaining homogeneous protein conjugates; (ii) obtaining unusual PARs (PAR is rarely other than 2, 4 or 8); (iii) using a single method to access a range of different PARs; (iv) applicability to various antibody formats; and (v) flexibility for the production of heterofunctional antibody-conjugates (e.g. attachment of multiple types of payloads). In this article, we report a single pyridazinedione-based trifunctional dual bridging linker that enables, in a two-step procedure (re-bridging/click), the generation of either mAb-, Fab'-, or Fc-conjugates from native mAb, (Fab')2 or Fc formats, respectively. Fc and (Fab')2 formats were generated via enzymatic digestion of native mAbs. Whilst the same reduction and re-bridging protocols were applied to all three of the protein formats, the subsequent click reaction(s) employed to graft payload(s) drove the generation of a range of PARs, including heterofunctional PARs. As such, exploiting click reactivity and/or orthogonality afforded mAb-conjugates with PARs of 6, 4, 2 or 4 + 2, and Fab'- and Fc-conjugates with a PAR of 3, 2, 1 or 2 + 1 on-demand. We believe that the homogeneity, novelty and variety in accessible PARs, as well as the applicability to various antibody-conjugate formats enabled by our non-recombinant method could be a suitable tool for antibody-drug conjugates optimisation (optimal PAR value, optimal payloads combination) and boost the development of new antibody therapeutics (Fab'- and Fc-conjugates).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Thoreau
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Léa N C Rochet
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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7
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Sornay C, Vaur V, Wagner A, Chaubet G. An overview of chemo- and site-selectivity aspects in the chemical conjugation of proteins. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211563. [PMID: 35116160 PMCID: PMC8790347 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The bioconjugation of proteins-that is, the creation of a covalent link between a protein and any other molecule-has been studied for decades, partly because of the numerous applications of protein conjugates, but also due to the technical challenge it represents. Indeed, proteins possess inner physico-chemical properties-they are sensitive and polynucleophilic macromolecules-that make them complex substrates in conjugation reactions. This complexity arises from the mild conditions imposed by their sensitivity but also from selectivity issues, viz the precise control of the conjugation site on the protein. After decades of research, strategies and reagents have been developed to address two aspects of this selectivity: chemoselectivity-harnessing the reacting chemical functionality-and site-selectivity-controlling the reacting amino acid residue-most notably thanks to the participation of synthetic chemistry in this effort. This review offers an overview of these chemical bioconjugation strategies, insisting on those employing native proteins as substrates, and shows that the field is active and exciting, especially for synthetic chemists seeking new challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Sornay
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), LabEx Medalis, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, Illkirch-Graffenstaden 67400, France
| | - Valentine Vaur
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), LabEx Medalis, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, Illkirch-Graffenstaden 67400, France
| | - Alain Wagner
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), LabEx Medalis, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, Illkirch-Graffenstaden 67400, France
| | - Guilhem Chaubet
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), LabEx Medalis, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, Illkirch-Graffenstaden 67400, France
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8
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Sandland J, Rimmer SD, Savoie H, Boyle RW. Bio-Orthogonal Conjugation of a Cationic Metalloporphyrin to BSA and HSA via "Click" Chemistry. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2624-2631. [PMID: 34096676 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present a convenient method for the labelling of tyrosine residues on bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) and report for the first time their subsequent bio-orthogonal conjugation with porphyrins via "click" chemistry. We demonstrate that these serum proteins can be labelled with an alkyne-diazonium heterobifunctional linker and can then undergo chemo-selective bio-orthogonal conjugation with a water-soluble azido metalloporphyrin via "click" chemistry to yield protein-conjugates that retain their photodynamic properties. In our hands, this method was found to be highly reproducible, scalable, and tuneable which allows for the production of bioconjugates where the porphyrin-protein conjugate not only retains an ability to generate singlet oxygen but possess an enhanced relative singlet oxygen quantum yields relative to the porphyrin alone. Furthermore, we have investigated the photochemical properties of these conjugates through photospectrometric techniques and have determined that the porphyrin macrocycles remain appreciably photostable under light irradiation. Our phototoxic protein-photosensitizer-conjugates show excellent photodynamic activity against a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cancer cell line (HT-29) with cell viabilities of 7.7±0.5 % (IC50 8.76±2.14 μM) and 1.7±1.9 % (IC50 8.48±5.11 μM) for BSA and HAS, respectively, when irradiated with 20 J cm-2 of white-light. Importantly, neither of the conjugates was found to possess any significant "dark" toxicity even at concentrations of 100 μM. Furthermore, the natural fluorescent properties of the bioconjugates allowed for the determination of cellular uptake in vitro via fluorescence microscopy thus highlighting the potential theranostic applications of these unique protein-drug-conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordon Sandland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, E. Yorkshire, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Sam D Rimmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, E. Yorkshire, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Huguette Savoie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, E. Yorkshire, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Ross W Boyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, E. Yorkshire, HU6 7RX, UK
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9
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Sadraeian M, da Cruz EF, Boyle RW, Bahou C, Chudasama V, Janini LM, Diaz RS, Guimarães FEG. Photoinduced Photosensitizer-Antibody Conjugates Kill HIV Env-Expressing Cells, Also Inactivating HIV. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:16524-16534. [PMID: 34235324 PMCID: PMC8246456 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
HIV-infected cells persist for decades in patients administered with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Meanwhile, an alarming surge in drug-resistant HIV viruses has been occurring. Addressing these issues, we propose the application of photoimmunotherapy (PIT) against not only HIV Env-expressing cells but also HIV. Previously, we showed that a human anti-gp41 antibody (7B2) conjugated to cationic or anionic photosensitizers (PSs) could specifically target and kill the HIV Env-expressing cells. Here, our photolysis studies revealed that the binding of photoimmunoconjugates (PICs) on the membrane of HIV Env-expressing cells is sufficient to induce necrotic cell death due to physical damage to the membrane by singlet oxygen, which is independent of the type of PSs. This finding persuaded us to study the virus photoinactivation of PICs using two HIV-1 strains, X4 HIV-1 NL4-3 and JR-CSF virus. We observed that the PICs could destroy the viral strains, probably via physical damage on the HIV envelope. In conclusion, we report the application of PIT as a possible dual-tool for HIV immunotherapy and ART by killing HIV-expressing cells and cell-free HIV, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadraeian
- São Carlos Institute of
Physics, University of São Paulo, Caixa Postal 369, São Carlos, SP CEP 13560-970, Brazil
| | | | - Ross W. Boyle
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K.
| | - Calise Bahou
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | | | - Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
- Laboratório
de Retrovirologia, Universidade Federal
de São Paulo, São
Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco E. G. Guimarães
- São Carlos Institute of
Physics, University of São Paulo, Caixa Postal 369, São Carlos, SP CEP 13560-970, Brazil
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10
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Deonarain MP, Yahioglu G. Current strategies for the discovery and bioconjugation of smaller, targetable drug conjugates tailored for solid tumor therapy. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:613-624. [PMID: 33275475 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1858050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) have undergone a recent resurgence with 5 product approvals over the last 2 years but for those close to the field, it's been repeated cycles of setbacks and new innovations. A new wave of innovation is in the type of format used to deliver the cytotoxic payloads, with smaller bio-molecules being designed to have more optimal penetration and elimination properties tailored for solid tumors.Areas covered: In this review, the authors cover many of the recently described smaller-format drug conjugates (including formats such as diabodies, Fabs, scFvs, domain antibodies) with an emphasis on the types of conjugation technologies used to attach the chemical linker-payload.Expert opinion: Smaller formats are highly influenced by the structure of the linker-payload, arguably more-so than larger ADCs, so careful consideration is needed where solublising and pharmacokinetic modulation is required. High-quality conjugates are being developed with in vivo tumor efficacy and tolerability properties competitive with ADCs and with a few formats already in clinical development, we expect the pipeline to expand and to reach the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra P Deonarain
- Antikor Biopharma Ltd, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Hertfordshire, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gokhan Yahioglu
- Antikor Biopharma Ltd, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Hertfordshire, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
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11
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Sadraeian M, Bahou C, da Cruz EF, Janini LMR, Sobhie Diaz R, Boyle RW, Chudasama V, Eduardo Gontijo Guimarães F. Photoimmunotherapy Using Cationic and Anionic Photosensitizer-Antibody Conjugates against HIV Env-Expressing Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9151. [PMID: 33271741 PMCID: PMC7730620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Different therapeutic strategies have been investigated to target and eliminate HIV-1-infected cells by using armed antibodies specific to viral proteins, with varying degrees of success. Herein, we propose a new strategy by combining photodynamic therapy (PDT) with HIV Env-targeted immunotherapy, and refer to it as HIV photoimmunotherapy (PIT). A human anti-gp41 antibody (7B2) was conjugated to two photosensitizers (PSs) with different charges through different linking strategies; "Click" conjugation by using an azide-bearing porphyrin attached via a disulfide bridge linker with a drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of exactly 4, and "Lysine" conjugation by using phthalocyanine IRDye 700DX dye with average DARs of 2.1, 3.0 and 4.4. These photo-immunoconjugates (PICs) were compared via biochemical and immunological characterizations regarding the dosimetry, solubility, and cell targeting. Photo-induced cytotoxicity of the PICs were compared using assays for apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), photo-cytotoxicity, and confocal microscopy. Targeted phototoxicity seems to be primarily dependent on the binding of PS-antibody to the HIV antigen on the cell membrane, whilst being independent of the PS type. This is the first report of the application of PIT for HIV immunotherapy by killing HIV Env-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadraeian
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil;
| | - Calise Bahou
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK;
| | - Edgar Ferreira da Cruz
- Laboratório de Retrovirologia, Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; (E.F.d.C.); (L.M.R.J.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Luíz Mário Ramos Janini
- Laboratório de Retrovirologia, Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; (E.F.d.C.); (L.M.R.J.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
- Laboratório de Retrovirologia, Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; (E.F.d.C.); (L.M.R.J.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Ross W. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK;
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12
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Khozeimeh Sarbisheh E, Dewaele-Le Roi G, Shannon WE, Tan S, Xu Y, Zeglis BM, Price EW. DiPODS: A Reagent for Site-Specific Bioconjugation via the Irreversible Rebridging of Disulfide Linkages. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2789-2806. [PMID: 33210532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemoselective reactions with thiols have long held promise for the site-specific bioconjugation of antibodies and antibody fragments. Yet bifunctional probes bearing monovalent maleimides-long the "gold standard" for thiol-based ligations-are hampered by two intrinsic issues: the in vivo instability of the maleimide-thiol bond and the need to permanently disrupt disulfide linkages in order to facilitate bioconjugation. Herein, we present the synthesis, characterization, and validation of DiPODS, a novel bioconjugation reagent containing a pair of oxadiazolyl methyl sulfone moieties capable of irreversibly forming covalent bonds with two thiolate groups while simultaneously rebridging disulfide linkages. The reagent was synthesized from commercially available starting materials in 8 steps, during which rotamers were encountered and investigated both experimentally and computationally. DiPODS is designed to be modular and can thus be conjugated to any payload through a pendant terminal primary amine (DiPODS-PEG4-NH2). Subsequently, the modification of a HER2-targeting Fab with a fluorescein-conjugated variant of DiPODS (DiPODS-PEG4-FITC) reinforced the site-specificity of the reagent, illustrated its ability to rebridge disulfide linkages, and produced an immunoconjugate with in vitro properties superior to those of an analogous construct created using traditional stochastic bioconjugation techniques. Ultimately, we believe that this work has particularly important implications for the synthesis of immunoconjugates, specifically for ensuring that the attachment of cargoes to immunoglobulins is robust, irreversible, and biologically and structurally benign.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Dewaele-Le Roi
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Whitney E Shannon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N-5C9, Canada
| | - Sally Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Yujia Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Eric W Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N-5C9, Canada
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13
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Yap SY, Savoie H, Renard I, Burke BP, Sample HC, Michue-Seijas S, Archibald SJ, Boyle RW, Stasiuk GJ. Synthesis of a porphyrin with histidine-like chelate: an efficient path towards molecular PDT/SPECT theranostics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11090-11093. [PMID: 32812554 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03958f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The goal of "personalised" medicine has seen a growing interest in the development of theranostic agents. Bifunctional, and targeted-trifunctional, theranostic water-soluble porphyrins with a histidine-like chelating group have been synthesised via copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) "click" chemistry in high yield and purity. They are capable of photodynamic treatment and [99mTc(CO)3]+ complexation for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, with a radiochemical yield of >95%. The toxicity and phototoxicity were evaluated on HT-29 cells, DU145, and DU145-PSMA cell lines, with the targeted theranostic showing more potent phototoxicity towards DU145-PSMA expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Y Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Huguette Savoie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Isaline Renard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Benjamin P Burke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Harry C Sample
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Saul Michue-Seijas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Stephen J Archibald
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Ross W Boyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Graeme J Stasiuk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK and Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Fourth Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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14
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van den Brand D, van Lith SAM, de Jong JM, Gorris MAJ, Palacio-Castañeda V, Couwenbergh ST, Goldman MRG, Ebisch I, Massuger LF, Leenders WPJ, Brock R, Verdurmen WPR. EpCAM-Binding DARPins for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy of Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1762. [PMID: 32630661 PMCID: PMC7409335 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy due to late detection associated with dissemination throughout the abdominal cavity. Targeted photodynamic therapy (tPDT) aimed at epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), overexpressed in over 90% of ovarian cancer metastatic lesions, is a promising novel therapeutic modality. Here, we tested the specificity and activity of conjugates of EpCAM-directed designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) with the photosensitizer IRDye 700DX in in vitro and in vivo ovarian cancer models. EpCAM-binding DARPins (Ec1: Kd = 68 pM; Ac2: Kd = 130 nM) and a control DARPin were site-specifically functionalized with fluorophores or IRDye 700DX. Conjugation of anti-EpCAM DARPins with fluorophores maintained EpCAM-specific binding in cell lines and patient-derived ovarian cancer explants. Penetration of DARPin Ec1 into tumor spheroids was slower than that of Ac2, indicative of a binding site barrier effect for Ec1. DARPin-IRDye 700DX conjugates killed EpCAM-expressing cells in a highly specific and illumination-dependent fashion in 2D and 3D cultures. Furthermore, they effectively homed to EpCAM-expressing subcutaneous OV90 xenografts in mice. In conclusion, the high activity and specificity observed in preclinical ovarian cancer models, combined with a high specificity in patient material, warrant a further investigation of EpCAM-targeted PDT for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk van den Brand
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.B.); (J.M.d.J.); (V.P.-C.); (S.T.C.); (M.R.G.G.); (W.P.J.L.); (R.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Sanne A. M. van Lith
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Jelske M. de Jong
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.B.); (J.M.d.J.); (V.P.-C.); (S.T.C.); (M.R.G.G.); (W.P.J.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Mark A. J. Gorris
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Valentina Palacio-Castañeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.B.); (J.M.d.J.); (V.P.-C.); (S.T.C.); (M.R.G.G.); (W.P.J.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Stijn T. Couwenbergh
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.B.); (J.M.d.J.); (V.P.-C.); (S.T.C.); (M.R.G.G.); (W.P.J.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Mark R. G. Goldman
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.B.); (J.M.d.J.); (V.P.-C.); (S.T.C.); (M.R.G.G.); (W.P.J.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Inge Ebisch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Weg door Jonkerbos 100, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Leon F. Massuger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - William P. J. Leenders
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.B.); (J.M.d.J.); (V.P.-C.); (S.T.C.); (M.R.G.G.); (W.P.J.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Roland Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.B.); (J.M.d.J.); (V.P.-C.); (S.T.C.); (M.R.G.G.); (W.P.J.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Wouter P. R. Verdurmen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.B.); (J.M.d.J.); (V.P.-C.); (S.T.C.); (M.R.G.G.); (W.P.J.L.); (R.B.)
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15
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Zhang Y, Wang B, Zhao R, Zhang Q, Kong X. Multifunctional nanoparticles as photosensitizer delivery carriers for enhanced photodynamic cancer therapy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 115:111099. [PMID: 32600703 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging cancer treatment combining light, oxygen, and a photosensitizer (PS) to produce highly cytotoxic reactive oxygen species that cause cancer cell death. However, most PSs are hydrophobic molecules that have poor water solubility and cannot target tumor tissues, causing damage to normal tissues and cells during PDT. Thus, there is a substantial demand for the development of nanocarrier systems to achieve targeted delivery of PSs into tumor tissues and cells. This review summarizes the research progress in PS delivery systems for PDT treatment of tumors and focuses on the recent design and development of multifunctional nanoparticles as PS delivery carriers for enhanced PDT. These multifunctional nanoparticles possess unique properties, including tunable particle size, changeable shape, stimuli-responsive PS activation, controlled PS release, and hierarchical targeting capability. These properties can increase tumor accumulation, penetration, and cellular internalization of nanoparticles to achieve PS activation and/or release in cancer cells for enhanced PDT. Finally, recent developments in multifunctional nanoparticles for tumor-targeted PS delivery and their future prospects in PDT are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beilei Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruibo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Anami Y, Tsuchikama K. Next-generation Antibody-drug Conjugates (ADCs): Exploring New Frontiers with Chemical Approaches. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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17
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Sadiki A, Kercher EM, Lu H, Lang RT, Spring BQ, Zhou ZS. Site-specific Bioconjugation and Convergent Click Chemistry Enhances Antibody-Chromophore Conjugate Binding Efficiency. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:596-603. [PMID: 32080860 DOI: 10.1111/php.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitizer (PS)-antibody conjugates (photoimmunoconjugates, PICs) enable cancer cell-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT). Nonspecific chemical bioconjugation is widely used to synthesize PICs but gives rise to several shortcomings. The conjugates are heterogeneous, and the process is not easily reproducible. Moreover, modifications at or near the binding sites alter both binding affinity and specificity. To overcome these limitations, we introduce convergent assembly of PICs via a chemo-enzymatic site-specific approach. First, an antibody is conjugated to a clickable handle via site-specific modification of glutamine (Gln) residues catalyzed by transglutaminase (TGase, EC 2.3.2.13). Second, the modified antibody intermediate is conjugated to a compatible chromophore via click chemistry. Utilizing cetuximab, we compared this site-specific conjugation protocol to the nonspecific chemical acylation of amines using N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) chemistry. Both the heavy and light chains were modified via the chemical route, whereas, only a glutamine 295 in the heavy chain was modified via chemo-enzymatic conjugation. Furthermore, a 2.3-fold increase in the number of bound antibodies per cell was observed for the site-specific compared with nonspecific method, suggesting that multiple stochastic sites of modification perturb the antibody-antigen binding. Altogether, site-specific bioconjugation leads to homogenous, reproducible and well-defined PICs, conferring higher binding efficiency and probability of clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amissi Sadiki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Eric M Kercher
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.,Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Haibin Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.,College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ryan T Lang
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.,Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Bryan Q Spring
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.,Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.,Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Zhaohui Sunny Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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18
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Hidalgo FJ, Lorentz NA, Luu TB, Tran JD, Wickremasinghe PD, Martini O, Iovine PM, Schellinger JG. Synthesis, Characterization, and Dynamic Behavior of Well-defined Dithiomaleimide-functionalized Maltodextrins. LETT ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178616666190212124838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Maltodextrins have an increasing number of biomedical and industrial applications due to
their attractive physicochemical properties such as biodegradability and biocompatibility. Herein, we
describe the development of a synthetic pathway and characterization of thiol-responsive maltodextrin
conjugates with dithiomaleimide linkages. 19F NMR studies were also conducted to demonstrate the
exchange dynamics of the dithiomaleimide-functionalized sugar end groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Hidalgo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110, United States
| | - Nathan A.P. Lorentz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110, United States
| | - TinTin B. Luu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110, United States
| | - Praveen D. Wickremasinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110, United States
| | - Olnita Martini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110, United States
| | - Peter M. Iovine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110, United States
| | - Joan G. Schellinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110, United States
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19
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Abstract
Microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) catalyzes site-specific transpeptidation between a primary amine within linkers and the side chain of glutamine 295 within deglycosylated chimeric, humanized, and human IgG1s, affording homogeneous antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). This method can be empowered by mutation of asparagine 297, insertion of a glutamine-containing peptide tag, and the use of branched linkers. Such modifications facilitate the conjugation process and provide flexibility in adjusting the conjugation site and drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR). Here, we present a protocol optimized in our group for MTGase-mediated linker incorporation and subsequent click chemistry-based payload installation. Both small linear linkers and bulky branched linkers can be incorporated into the Fc moiety within various antibodies, affording homogeneous ADCs with defined DARs. Thanks to the high homogeneity, ADCs constructed using this method can be analyzed using a single-quadrupole electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometer, which many laboratories own for regular analysis of small molecules and peptides. The approach presented here allows for facile and cost-effective production of various homogeneous ADCs and other antibody conjugates for research and clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Anami
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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20
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Kommineni N, Pandi P, Chella N, Domb AJ, Khan W. Antibody drug conjugates: Development, characterization, and regulatory considerations. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagavendra Kommineni
- Department of PharmaceuticsNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad India
| | - Palpandi Pandi
- Department of PharmaceuticsNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad India
| | - Naveen Chella
- Department of PharmaceuticsNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad India
| | - Abraham J. Domb
- School of Pharmacy‐ Faculty of MedicineThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Wahid Khan
- Department of PharmaceuticsNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad India
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21
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Lu L, Chen H, Hao D, Zhang X, Wang F. The functions and applications of A7R in anti-angiogenic therapy, imaging and drug delivery systems. Asian J Pharm Sci 2019; 14:595-608. [PMID: 32104486 PMCID: PMC7032227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) are two prominent antiangiogenic targets. They are highly expressed on vascular endothelial cells and some tumor cells. Therefore, targeting VEGFR-2 and NRP-1 may be a potential antiangiogenic and antitumor strategy. A7R, a peptide with sequence of Ala-Thr-Trp-Leu-Pro-Pro-Arg that was found by phage display of peptide libraries, can preferentially target VEGFR-2 and NRP-1 and destroy the binding between vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) and VEGFR-2 or NRP-1. This peptide is a new potent inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis and a targeting ligand for cancer therapy. This review describes the discovery, function and mechanism of the action of A7R, and further introduces the applications of A7R in antitumor angiogenic treatments, tumor angiogenesis imaging and targeted drug delivery systems. In this review, strategies to deliver different drugs by A7R-modified liposomes and nanoparticles are highlighted. A7R, a new dual targeting ligand of VEGFR-2 and NRP-1, is expected to have efficient therapeutic or targeting roles in tumor drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong University Affiliated Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Dake Hao
- Department of Surgery, UC Davis Health Medical Center, Sacramento 95817, USA
| | - Xinke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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22
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Sandland J, Boyle RW. Photosensitizer Antibody–Drug Conjugates: Past, Present, and Future. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:975-993. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Kuan SL, Bergamini FRG, Weil T. Functional protein nanostructures: a chemical toolbox. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:9069-9105. [PMID: 30452046 PMCID: PMC6289173 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00590g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nature has evolved an optimal synthetic factory in the form of translational and posttranslational processes by which millions of proteins with defined primary sequences and 3D structures can be built. Nature's toolkit gives rise to protein building blocks, which dictates their spatial arrangement to form functional protein nanostructures that serve a myriad of functions in cells, ranging from biocatalysis, formation of structural networks, and regulation of biochemical processes, to sensing. With the advent of chemical tools for site-selective protein modifications and recombinant engineering, there is a rapid development to develop and apply synthetic methods for creating structurally defined, functional protein nanostructures for a broad range of applications in the fields of catalysis, materials and biomedical sciences. In this review, design principles and structural features for achieving and characterizing functional protein nanostructures by synthetic approaches are summarized. The synthetic customization of protein building blocks, the design and introduction of recognition units and linkers and subsequent assembly into structurally defined protein architectures are discussed herein. Key examples of these supramolecular protein nanostructures, their unique functions and resultant impact for biomedical applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seah Ling Kuan
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research
,
Ackermannweg 10
, 55128 Mainz
, Germany
.
;
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I – Ulm University
,
Albert-Einstein-Allee 11
, 89081 Ulm
, Germany
| | - Fernando R. G. Bergamini
- Institute of Chemistry
, Federal University of Uberlândia – UFU
,
38400-902 Uberlândia
, MG
, Brazil
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research
,
Ackermannweg 10
, 55128 Mainz
, Germany
.
;
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I – Ulm University
,
Albert-Einstein-Allee 11
, 89081 Ulm
, Germany
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24
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Forte N, Chudasama V, Baker JR. Homogeneous antibody-drug conjugates via site-selective disulfide bridging. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2018; 30:11-20. [PMID: 30553515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) constructed using site-selective labelling methodologies are likely to dominate the next generation of these targeted therapeutics. To this end, disulfide bridging has emerged as a leading strategy as it allows the production of highly homogeneous ADCs without the need for antibody engineering. It consists of targeting reduced interchain disulfide bonds with reagents which reconnect the resultant pairs of cysteine residues, whilst simultaneously attaching drugs. The 3 main reagent classes which have been exemplified for the construction of ADCs by disulfide bridging will be discussed in this review; bissulfones, next generation maleimides and pyridazinediones, along with others in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafsika Forte
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
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25
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Morais M, Ma MT. Site-specific chelator-antibody conjugation for PET and SPECT imaging with radiometals. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2018; 30:91-104. [PMID: 30553525 PMCID: PMC6291455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies and their derivatives radiolabelled with positron- and gamma-emitting radiometals enable sensitive and quantitative molecular Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imaging of antibody distribution in vivo. Chelators that are covalently attached to antibodies allow radiolabelling with metallic PET and SPECT radioisotopes. Conventional strategies for chelator-protein conjugation generate heterogeneous mixtures of bioconjugates that can exhibit reduced affinity for their receptor targets, and undesirable biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. Recent advances in bioconjugation technology enable site-specific modification to generate well-defined constructs with superior properties. Herein we survey existing site-specific chelator-protein conjugation methods. These include chelator attachment to cysteines/disulfide bonds or the glycan region of the antibody, enzyme-mediated chelator conjugation, and incorporation of sequences of amino acids that chelate the radiometal. Such technology will allow better use of PET and SPECT imaging in the development of antibody-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Morais
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
| | - Michelle T Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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26
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Aguiar S, Dias J, Manuel AM, Russo R, Gois PMP, da Silva FA, Goncalves J. Chimeric Small Antibody Fragments as Strategy to Deliver Therapeutic Payloads. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 112:143-182. [PMID: 29680236 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent an innovative class of biopharmaceuticals, which aim at achieving a site-specific delivery of cytotoxic agents to the target cell. The use of ADCs represents a promising strategy to overcome the disadvantages of conventional pharmacotherapy of cancer or neurological diseases, based on cytotoxic or immunomodulatory agents. ADCs consist of monoclonal antibodies attached to biologically active drugs by means of cleavable chemical linkers. Advances in technologies for the coupling of antibodies to cytotoxic drugs promise to deliver greater control of drug pharmacokinetic properties and to significantly improve pharmacodelivery applications, minimizing exposure of healthy tissue. The clinical success of brentuximab vedotin and trastuzumab emtansine has led to an extensive expansion of the clinical ADC pipeline. Although the concept of an ADC seems simple, designing a successful ADC is complex and requires careful selection of the receptor antigen, antibody, linker, and payload. In this review, we explore insights in the antibody and antigen requirements needed for optimal payload delivery and support the development of novel and improved ADCs for the treatment of cancer and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Aguiar
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Dias
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Manuel
- iMed.ULisboa-Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Roberto Russo
- iMed.ULisboa-Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro M P Gois
- iMed.ULisboa-Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico A da Silva
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joao Goncalves
- iMed.ULisboa-Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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27
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Ramos-Tomillero I, Perez-Chacon G, Somovilla-Crespo B, Sanchez-Madrid F, Domínguez JM, Cuevas C, Zapata JM, Rodríguez H, Albericio F. Bioconjugation through Mesitylene Thiol Alkylation. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1199-1208. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Ramos-Tomillero
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gema Perez-Chacon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas “Alberto Sols”, CSIC-UAM, 28029-Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somovilla-Crespo
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital de la Princesa, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sanchez-Madrid
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital de la Princesa, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Cuevas
- Research Department, PharmaMar S.A., Colmenar Viejo, 28770-Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Zapata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas “Alberto Sols”, CSIC-UAM, 28029-Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4001-Durban, South Africa
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28
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A Novel Affibody-Auristatin E Conjugate With a Potent and Selective Activity Against HER2+ Cell Lines. J Immunother 2018; 39:223-32. [PMID: 27227324 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapy is a new type of cancer treatment that most often uses biologically active drugs attached to a monoclonal antibody. This so called antibody-drug conjugate strategy allows the use of highly toxic substances that target tumor cells specifically, leaving healthy tissues largely unaffected. Over the last few years, antibody-drug conjugates have become a powerful tool in cancer treatment. We developed and characterized a novel cytotoxic conjugate against HER2 tumors in which the antibody has been substituted with a much smaller molecule: the affibody. The conjugate is composed of the ZHER2:2891 affibody that recognizes HER2 and a highly potent cytotoxic drug auristatin E. The ZHER2:2891 molecule does not contain cysteine(s) in its amino acid sequence. We generated 3 variants of ZHER2:2891, each containing a single cysteine to allow conjugation through the maleimide group that is present in the cytotoxic component. In 2 variants, we introduced single S46C and D53C substitutions. In the third variant, a short Drug Conjugation Sequence (DCS) containing a single cysteine was introduced at the C-terminus of ZHER2:2891, resulting in ZHER2:2891-DCS. The latter variant exhibited a significantly higher conjugation yield, and therefore its cytotoxicity has been studied more thoroughly. The ZHER2:2891-DCS-MMAE conjugate killed the HER2-overexpressing SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-453 cells efficiently (IC50 values of 5.2 and 24.8 nM, respectively). The T-47-D and MDA-MB-231 cells that express normal levels of HER2 were significantly less sensitive to the conjugate (IC50 values of 135.6 and 161.5 nM, respectively). Overall, we have demonstrated for the first time that proteins other than antibodies/antibody fragments can be successfully combined with a linker-drug module, resulting in conjugates that eliminate cancer cells selectively.
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29
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Almeida-Marrero V, van de Winckel E, Anaya-Plaza E, Torres T, de la Escosura A. Porphyrinoid biohybrid materials as an emerging toolbox for biomedical light management. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7369-7400. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00554g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present article reviews the most important developing strategies in light-induced nanomedicine, based on the combination of porphyrinoid photosensitizers with a wide variety of biomolecules and biomolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduardo Anaya-Plaza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Cantoblanco 28049
- Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Cantoblanco 28049
- Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem)
| | - Andrés de la Escosura
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Cantoblanco 28049
- Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem)
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30
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Bryden F, Maruani A, Rodrigues JMM, Cheng MHY, Savoie H, Beeby A, Chudasama V, Boyle RW. Assembly of High-Potency Photosensitizer–Antibody Conjugates through Application of Dendron Multiplier Technology. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 29:176-181. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bryden
- UMR7292 GICC CNRS-Université de Tours, Team IMT, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Antoine Maruani
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - João M. M. Rodrigues
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Miffy H. Y. Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Huguette Savoie
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Beeby
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ross W. Boyle
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
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31
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Korsak B, Almeida GM, Rocha S, Pereira C, Mendes N, Osório H, Pereira PMR, Rodrigues JMM, Schneider RJ, Sarmento B, Tomé JPC, Oliveira C. Porphyrin modified trastuzumab improves efficacy of HER2 targeted photodynamic therapy of gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:1478-1489. [PMID: 28639285 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the 3rd deadliest cancer worldwide, due to limited treatment options and late diagnosis. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is overexpressed in ∼20% of GC cases and anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab in combination with conventional chemotherapy, is recognized as standard therapy for HER2-positive metastatic GC. This strategy improves GC patients' survival by 2-3 months, however its optimal results in breast cancer indicate that GC survival may be improved. A new photoimmunoconjugate was developed by conjugating a porphyrin with trastuzumab (Trast:Porph) for targeted photodynamic therapy in HER2-positive GC. Using mass spectrometry analysis, the lysine residues in the trastuzumab structure most prone for porphyrin conjugation were mapped. The in vitro data demonstrates that Trast:Porph specifically binds to HER2-positive cells, accumulates intracellularly, co-localizes with lysosomal marker LAMP1, and induces massive HER2-positive cell death upon cellular irradiation. The high selectivity and cytotoxicity of Trast:Porph based photoimmunotherapy is confirmed in vivo in comparison with trastuzumab alone, using nude mice xenografted with a HER2-positive GC cell line. In the setting of human disease, these data suggest that repetitive cycles of Trast:Porph photoimmunotherapy may be used as an improved treatment strategy in HER2-positive GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Korsak
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde- i3S, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology at the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- QOPNA and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gabriela M Almeida
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde- i3S, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology at the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Rocha
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde- i3S, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology at the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Pereira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde- i3S, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology at the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mendes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde- i3S, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology at the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Osório
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde- i3S, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology at the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - João M M Rodrigues
- QOPNA and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rudolf J Schneider
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Reference Materials, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde- i3S, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- INEB, National Institute of Biomedical Engineering-University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Inovapotek Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Porto, Portugal
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde and Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal
| | - João P C Tomé
- QOPNA and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde- i3S, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology at the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Madduri Srinivasarao
- Purdue Institute for Drug
Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Philip S. Low
- Purdue Institute for Drug
Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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33
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Li Z, Huang R, Xu H, Chen J, Zhan Y, Zhou X, Chen H, Jiang B. Divinylsulfonamides as Specific Linkers for Stapling Disulfide Bonds in Peptides. Org Lett 2017; 19:4972-4975. [PMID: 28880566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A new class of N-phenyl-divinylsulfonamides which can be easily prepared have been successfully developed and utilized as efficient linkers in the field of disulfide bond modification. Functional divinylsulfonamides provide opportunities for the specific introduction of various functionalities, including affinity probes, fluorescent tags, and drugs, into peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Li
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiakang Chen
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuexiong Zhan
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xianhao Zhou
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210, China
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34
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Souslova EA, Mironova KE, Deyev SM. Applications of genetically encoded photosensitizer miniSOG: from correlative light electron microscopy to immunophotosensitizing. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:338-352. [PMID: 27435584 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetically encoded photosensitizers (PSs), e.g. ROS generating proteins, correspond to a novel class of PSs that are highly desirable for biological and medical applications since they can be used in combination with a variety of genetic engineering manipulations allowing for precise spatio-temporal control of ROS production within living cells and organisms. In contrast to the commonly used chemical PSs, they can be modified using genetic engineering approaches and targeted to particular cellular compartments and cell types. Mini Singlet Oxygen Generator (miniSOG), a small flavoprotein capable of singlet oxygen production upon blue light irradiation, was initially reported as a high contrast probe for correlative light electron microscopy (CLEM) without the need of exogenous ligands, probes or destructive permeabilizing detergents. Further miniSOG was successfully applied for chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) of proteins, as well as for photo-induced cell ablation in tissue cultures and in Caenorhabditis elegans. Finally, a novel approach of immunophotosensitizing has been developed, exploiting the specificity of mini-antibodies or selective scaffold proteins and photo-induced cytotoxicity of miniSOG, which is particularly promising for selective non-invasive photodynamic therapy of cancer (PDT) due to the spatial selectivity and locality of destructive action compared to other methods of oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Souslova
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IBCH RAS), Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Kristina E Mironova
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IBCH RAS), Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Sergey M Deyev
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IBCH RAS), Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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35
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Lee MTW, Maruani A, Richards DA, Baker JR, Caddick S, Chudasama V. Enabling the controlled assembly of antibody conjugates with a loading of two modules without antibody engineering. Chem Sci 2017; 8:2056-2060. [PMID: 28451324 PMCID: PMC5399535 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03655d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of antibody conjugates with a loading of two modules is desirable for a host of reasons. Whilst certain antibody engineering approaches have been useful in the preparation of such constructs, a reliable method based on a native antibody scaffold without the use of enzymes or harsh oxidative conditions has hitherto not been achieved. The use of native antibodies has several advantages in terms of cost, practicality, accessibility, time and overall efficiency. Herein we present a novel, reliable method of furnishing antibody conjugates with a loading of two modules starting from a native antibody scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian T W Lee
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)207 679 2077
| | - Antoine Maruani
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)207 679 2077
| | - Daniel A Richards
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)207 679 2077
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)207 679 2077
| | - Stephen Caddick
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)207 679 2077
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)207 679 2077
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36
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Anami Y, Xiong W, Gui X, Deng M, Zhang CC, Zhang N, An Z, Tsuchikama K. Enzymatic conjugation using branched linkers for constructing homogeneous antibody–drug conjugates with high potency. Org Biomol Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01027c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An efficient enzymatic method using branched linkers was developed for the construction of potent homogeneous antibody–drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Anami
- Texas Therapeutics Institute
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- 1881 East Road
- Houston
| | - Wei Xiong
- Texas Therapeutics Institute
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- 1881 East Road
- Houston
| | - Xun Gui
- Texas Therapeutics Institute
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- 1881 East Road
- Houston
| | - Mi Deng
- Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
- 6001 Forest Park Road
- Dallas
- USA
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
- 6001 Forest Park Road
- Dallas
- USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- 1881 East Road
- Houston
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- 1881 East Road
- Houston
| | - Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- 1881 East Road
- Houston
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37
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Folic acid conjugates with photosensitizers for cancer targeting in photodynamic therapy: Synthesis and photophysical properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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38
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Boix-Garriga E, Bryden F, Savoie H, Sagristá ML, Mora M, Boyle RW, Nonell S. Poly-(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles with covalently-bound porphyrins for efficient singlet oxygen photosensitization. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461650108x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of assessing the role of the chemical structure of the photosensitizer on the photophysical and photochemical properties of the final nanoparticle suspension, we have investigated a series of poly-(ethylene glycol)-poly-([Formula: see text]-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles containing a hydrophobic or a hydrophilic porphyrin covalently conjugated to the nanoparticle. Covalent conjugation responded to the objective of trying to improve photosensitizer loading in these nanoparticles, especially for hydrophilic photosensitizers, but also enabled the porphyrins to remain attached to the nanoparticle without necessarily being inside the poly-([Formula: see text]-lactide-co-glycolide) core. This strategy has provided valuable information about the dependence of the photophysical and singlet oxygen photosensitizing properties of the suspensions on the nature of the photosensitizer. It is concluded that poly-([Formula: see text]-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles with covalently-bound hydrophilic porphyrins show superior singlet oxygen photosensitizing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Boix-Garriga
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Bryden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Huguette Savoie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - M. Lluïsa Sagristá
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Mora
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ross W. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
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39
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Kuan SL, Wang T, Weil T. Site-Selective Disulfide Modification of Proteins: Expanding Diversity beyond the Proteome. Chemistry 2016; 22:17112-17129. [PMID: 27778400 PMCID: PMC5600100 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic transformation of polypeptides with molecular accuracy holds great promise for providing functional and structural diversity beyond the proteome. Consequently, the last decade has seen an exponential growth of site-directed chemistry to install additional features into peptides and proteins even inside living cells. The disulfide rebridging strategy has emerged as a powerful tool for site-selective modifications since most proteins contain disulfide bonds. In this Review, we present the chemical design, advantages and limitations of the disulfide rebridging reagents, while summarizing their relevance for synthetic customization of functional protein bioconjugates, as well as the resultant impact and advancement for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seah Ling Kuan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry IIIUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry IIIUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031P.R. China
| | - Tanja Weil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry IIIUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
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40
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Hu QY, Berti F, Adamo R. Towards the next generation of biomedicines by site-selective conjugation. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1691-719. [PMID: 26796469 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00388h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugates represent an emerging class of medicines, which offer therapeutic opportunities overtaking those of the individual components. Many novel bioconjugates have been explored in order to address various emerging medical needs. The last decade has witnessed the exponential growth of new site-selective bioconjugation techniques, however very few methods have made the way into human clinical trials. Here we discuss various applications of site-selective conjugation in biomedicines, including half-life extension, antibody-drug conjugates, conjugate vaccines, bispecific antibodies and cell therapy. The review is intended to highlight both the progress and challenges, and identify a potential roadmap to address the gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ying Hu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Francesco Berti
- GSK Vaccines (former Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Roberto Adamo
- GSK Vaccines (former Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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41
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Tsuchikama K, An Z. Antibody-drug conjugates: recent advances in conjugation and linker chemistries. Protein Cell 2016; 9:33-46. [PMID: 27743348 PMCID: PMC5777969 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), a humanized or human monoclonal antibody conjugated with highly cytotoxic small molecules (payloads) through chemical linkers, is a novel therapeutic format and has great potential to make a paradigm shift in cancer chemotherapy. This new antibody-based molecular platform enables selective delivery of a potent cytotoxic payload to target cancer cells, resulting in improved efficacy, reduced systemic toxicity, and preferable pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) and biodistribution compared to traditional chemotherapy. Boosted by the successes of FDA-approved Adcetris® and Kadcyla®, this drug class has been rapidly growing along with about 60 ADCs currently in clinical trials. In this article, we briefly review molecular aspects of each component (the antibody, payload, and linker) of ADCs, and then mainly discuss traditional and new technologies of the conjugation and linker chemistries for successful construction of clinically effective ADCs. Current efforts in the conjugation and linker chemistries will provide greater insights into molecular design and strategies for clinically effective ADCs from medicinal chemistry and pharmacology standpoints. The development of site-specific conjugation methodologies for constructing homogeneous ADCs is an especially promising path to improving ADC design, which will open the way for novel cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
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42
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Pye H, Butt MA, Reinert HW, Maruani A, Nunes JPM, Marklew JS, Qurashi M, Funnell L, May A, Stamati I, Hamoudi R, Baker JR, Smith MEB, Caddick S, Deonarain MP, Yahioglu G, Chudasama V, Lovat LB. A HER2 selective theranostic agent for surgical resection guidance and photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:1227-1238. [PMID: 27501936 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00139d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In many cancers early intervention involves surgical resection of small localised tumour masses. Inadequate resection leads to recurrence whereas overzealous treatment can lead to organ damage. This work describes production of a HER2 targeting antibody Fab fragment dual conjugated to achieve both real time near-infrared fluorescent imaging and photodynamic therapy. The use of fluorescence emission from a NIR-dye could be used to guide resection of tumour bulk, for example during endoscopic diagnosis for oesophago-gastric adenocarcinoma, this would then be followed by activation of the photodynamic therapeutic agent to destroy untreated localised areas of cancer infiltration and tumour infiltrated lymph nodes. This theranostic agent was prepared from the Fab fragment of trastuzumab initially by functional disulfide re-bridging and site-specific click reaction of a NIR-dye. This was followed by further reaction with a novel pre-activated form of the photosensitiser chlorin e6 with the exposed fragments' lysine residues. Specific binding of the theranostic agent was observed in vitro with a HER2 positive cell line and cellular near-infrared fluorescence was observed with flow cytometry. Specific photo-activity of the conjugates when exposed to laser light was observed with HER2 positive but not HER2 negative cell lines in vitro, this selectivity was not seen with the unconjugated drug. This theranostic agent demonstrates that two different photo-active functions can be coupled to the same antibody fragment with little interference to their independent activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pye
- Department for Tissue & Energy, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6AE, UK.
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y. Jackson
- Igenica Biotherapeutics, 863A Mitten Road, Suite 100B, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
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44
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Gunnoo SB, Madder A. Chemical Protein Modification through Cysteine. Chembiochem 2016; 17:529-53. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Smita B. Gunnoo
- Organic & Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group; Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Organic & Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group; Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 9000 Gent Belgium
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45
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Yao H, Jiang F, Lu A, Zhang G. Methods to Design and Synthesize Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs). Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E194. [PMID: 26848651 PMCID: PMC4783928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have become a promising targeted therapy strategy that combines the specificity, favorable pharmacokinetics and biodistributions of antibodies with the destructive potential of highly potent drugs. One of the biggest challenges in the development of ADCs is the application of suitable linkers for conjugating drugs to antibodies. Recently, the design and synthesis of linkers are making great progress. In this review, we present the methods that are currently used to synthesize antibody-drug conjugates by using thiols, amines, alcohols, aldehydes and azides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houzong Yao
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Feng Jiang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, the State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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46
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Topkaya D, Lafont D, Poyer F, Garcia G, Albrieux F, Maillard P, Bretonnière Y, Dumoulin F. Design of an amphiphilic porphyrin exhibiting high in vitro photocytotoxicity. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02716k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A promising photosensitiser, which exhibits extremely suitable properties for photodynamic applications is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Topkaya
- Gebze Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- 41400 Gebze Kocaeli
- Turkey
- University of Dokuz Eylül
| | - Dominique Lafont
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- CO2-Glyco
- UMR 5246
- CNRS
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
| | - Florent Poyer
- Institut Curie
- Research Center
- Chemistry
- Modelisation and Imaging for Biology (CMIB) Bât 110-112
- Centre Universitaire
| | - Guillaume Garcia
- Institut Curie
- Research Center
- Chemistry
- Modelisation and Imaging for Biology (CMIB) Bât 110-112
- Centre Universitaire
| | - Florian Albrieux
- Centre Commun de Spectrométrie de Masse UMR 5246
- CNRS-Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- Université de Lyon
- 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex
- France
| | - Philippe Maillard
- Institut Curie
- Research Center
- Chemistry
- Modelisation and Imaging for Biology (CMIB) Bât 110-112
- Centre Universitaire
| | - Yann Bretonnière
- ENS Lyon
- Université de Lyon
- Laboratoire de Chimie de l’ENS Lyon
- UMR 5182 CNRS-ENS Lyon
- 69364 Lyon
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Gebze Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- 41400 Gebze Kocaeli
- Turkey
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47
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Lee MTW, Maruani A, Baker JR, Caddick S, Chudasama V. Next-generation disulfide stapling: reduction and functional re-bridging all in one. Chem Sci 2016; 7:799-802. [PMID: 28966772 PMCID: PMC5580075 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02666k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we present a significant step towards next-generation disulfide stapling reagents. A novel class of reagent has been designed to effect both disulfide reduction and functional re-bridging. The strategy has been applied to great success across various peptides and proteins. Moreover, application to a multi-disulfide system resulted in functional re-bridging without disulfide scrambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian T W Lee
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , United Kingdom . ; Tel: +44207 679 2077
| | - Antoine Maruani
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , United Kingdom . ; Tel: +44207 679 2077
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , United Kingdom . ; Tel: +44207 679 2077
| | - Stephen Caddick
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , United Kingdom . ; Tel: +44207 679 2077
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , United Kingdom . ; Tel: +44207 679 2077
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48
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Entract GM, Bryden F, Domarkas J, Savoie H, Allott L, Archibald SJ, Cawthorne C, Boyle RW. Development of PDT/PET Theranostics: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of an (18)F-Radiolabeled Water-Soluble Porphyrin. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:4414-23. [PMID: 26559906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of the first water-soluble porphyrin radiolabeled with fluorine-18 is described: a new molecular theranostic agent which integrates the therapeutic selectivity of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with the imaging efficacy of positron emission tomography (PET). Generation of the theranostic was carried out through the conjugation of a cationic water-soluble porphyrin bearing an azide functionality to a fluorine-18 radiolabeled prosthetic bearing an alkyne functionality through click conjugation, with excellent yields obtained in both cold and hot synthesis. Biological evaluation of the synthesized structures shows the first example of an (18)F-radiolabeled porphyrin retaining photocytotoxicity following radiolabeling and demonstrable conjugate uptake and potential application as a radiotracer in vivo. The promising results gained from biological evaluation demonstrate the potential of this structure as a clinically relevant theranostic agent, offering exciting possibilities for the simultaneous imaging and photodynamic treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy M Entract
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Francesca Bryden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire HU6 7RX, U.K.,Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire, HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Juozas Domarkas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire HU6 7RX, U.K.,Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire, HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Huguette Savoie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Louis Allott
- Institute of Cancer Research , 123 Old Brompton Road, London, SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Stephen J Archibald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire HU6 7RX, U.K.,Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire, HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Chris Cawthorne
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire, HU6 7RX, U.K.,School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire, HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Ross W Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire HU6 7RX, U.K
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49
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Hirohara S, Oka C, Totani M, Obata M, Yuasa J, Ito H, Tamura M, Matsui H, Kakiuchi K, Kawai T, Kawaichi M, Tanihara M. Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Biological Evaluation of trans-Bisthioglycosylated Tetrakis(fluorophenyl)chlorin for Photodynamic Therapy. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8658-70. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Hirohara
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Ube National Collage of Technology, 2-14-1 Tokiwadai, Ube 755-8555, Japan
| | - Chio Oka
- Graduate
School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masayasu Totani
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Makoto Obata
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Junpei Yuasa
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Masato Tamura
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Matsui
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kakiuchi
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masashi Kawaichi
- Graduate
School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masao Tanihara
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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50
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Kamarulzaman EE, Mohd Gazzali A, Acherar S, Frochot C, Barberi-Heyob M, Boura C, Chaimbault P, Sibille E, Wahab HA, Vanderesse R. New Peptide-Conjugated Chlorin-Type Photosensitizer Targeting Neuropilin-1 for Anti-Vascular Targeted Photodynamic Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:24059-80. [PMID: 26473840 PMCID: PMC4632738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161024059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment modality that requires three components, namely light, dioxygen and a photosensitizing agent. After light excitation, the photosensitizer (PS) in its excited state transfers its energy to oxygen, which leads to photooxidation reactions. In order to improve the selectivity of the treatment, research has focused on the design of PS covalently attached to a tumor-targeting moiety. In this paper, we describe the synthesis and the physico-chemical and photophysical properties of six new peptide-conjugated photosensitizers designed for targeting the neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) receptor. We chose a TPC (5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15, 20-triphenyl chlorine as photosensitizer, coupled via three different spacers (aminohexanoic acid, 1-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid, and 1-amino-9-aza-3,6,12,15-tetraoxa-10-on-heptadecanoic acid) to two different peptides (DKPPR and TKPRR). The affinity towards the NRP-1 receptor of the conjugated chlorins was evaluated along with in vitro and in vivo stability levels. The tissue concentration of the TPC-conjugates in animal model shows good distribution, especially for the DKPPR conjugates. The novel peptide-PS conjugates proposed in this study were proven to have potential to be further developed as future NRP-1 targeting photodynamic therapy agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezatul Ezleen Kamarulzaman
- LCPM UMR 7375, CNRS, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451-54001 Nancy Cedex, France; E-Mails: (E.E.K.); (A.M.G.); (S.A.)
- LCPM, UMR 7375, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451-54001 Nancy Cedex, France
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Amirah Mohd Gazzali
- LCPM UMR 7375, CNRS, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451-54001 Nancy Cedex, France; E-Mails: (E.E.K.); (A.M.G.); (S.A.)
- LCPM, UMR 7375, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451-54001 Nancy Cedex, France
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Samir Acherar
- LCPM UMR 7375, CNRS, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451-54001 Nancy Cedex, France; E-Mails: (E.E.K.); (A.M.G.); (S.A.)
- LCPM, UMR 7375, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451-54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Céline Frochot
- LRGP, UMR 7274, CNRS, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451-54001 Nancy Cedex, France; E-Mail:
- LRGP, UMR 7274, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451-54001 Nancy cedex, France
| | - Muriel Barberi-Heyob
- CRAN, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, BP 70239-54506 Vandœuvre Cedex, France; E-Mails: (M.B.-H.); (C.B.)
- CRAN, UMR 7039, CNRS, Campus Sciences, BP 70239-54506 Vandœuvre Cedex, France
| | - Cédric Boura
- CRAN, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, BP 70239-54506 Vandœuvre Cedex, France; E-Mails: (M.B.-H.); (C.B.)
- CRAN, UMR 7039, CNRS, Campus Sciences, BP 70239-54506 Vandœuvre Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Chaimbault
- SRSMC, UMR 7565 ICPM, Université de Lorraine, 1 boulevard Arago, 57078 Metz Cedex 3, France; E-Mail:
- SRSMC, UMR 7565 ICPM, CNRS, 1 boulevard Arago, 57078 Metz Cedex 3, France
| | - Estelle Sibille
- LCP-A2MC, EA 4632, ICPM, 1 boulevard Arago, 57078 Metz Cedex 3, France; E-Mail:
| | - Habibah A. Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Régis Vanderesse
- LCPM UMR 7375, CNRS, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451-54001 Nancy Cedex, France; E-Mails: (E.E.K.); (A.M.G.); (S.A.)
- LCPM, UMR 7375, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451-54001 Nancy Cedex, France
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +33-(0)383-175-204; Fax: +33-(0)383-379-977
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