1
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Degirmenci A, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Metal-Free Click-Chemistry: A Powerful Tool for Fabricating Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:433-452. [PMID: 38516745 PMCID: PMC11036366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Increasing interest in the utilization of hydrogels in various areas of biomedical sciences ranging from biosensing and drug delivery to tissue engineering has necessitated the synthesis of these materials using efficient and benign chemical transformations. In this regard, the advent of "click" chemistry revolutionized the design of hydrogels and a range of efficient reactions was utilized to obtain hydrogels with increased control over their physicochemical properties. The ability to apply the "click" chemistry paradigm to both synthetic and natural polymers as hydrogel precursors further expanded the utility of this chemistry in network formation. In particular, the ability to integrate clickable handles at predetermined locations in polymeric components enables the formation of well-defined networks. Although, in the early years of "click" chemistry, the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition was widely employed, recent years have focused on the use of metal-free "click" transformations, since residual metal impurities may interfere with or compromise the biological function of such materials. Furthermore, many of the non-metal-catalyzed "click" transformations enable the fabrication of injectable hydrogels, as well as the fabrication of microstructured gels using spatial and temporal control. This review article summarizes the recent advances in the fabrication of hydrogels using various metal-free "click" reactions and highlights the applications of thus obtained materials. One could envision that the use of these versatile metal-free "click" reactions would continue to revolutionize the design of functional hydrogels geared to address unmet needs in biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Degirmenci
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
- Center
for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici
University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
- Center
for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici
University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
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2
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Ko YH, Nguyen HHT, Branstetter CR, Park S, Lee JK, Yang J, Jung JP, Kim M. Single-Component Hydrophilic Terpolymer Thin Film Systems for Imparting Surface Chemical Versatility on Various Substrates. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:44. [PMID: 38201709 PMCID: PMC10780973 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a single-component hydrophilic photocrosslinkable copolymer system that incorporates all critical functionalities into one chain. This design allows for the creation of uniform functional organic coatings on a variety of substrates. The copolymers were composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)-containing monomer, a monomer that can release a primary amine upon UV light, and a monomer with reactive epoxide or cyclic dithiocarbonate with a primary amine. These copolymers are easily incorporated into the solution-casting process using polar solvents. Furthermore, the resulting coating can be readily stabilized through UV light-induced crosslinking, providing an advantage for controlling the surface properties of various substrates. The photocrosslinking capability further enables us to photolithographically define stable polymer domains in a desirable region. The resulting copolymer coatings were chemically versatile in immobilizing complex molecules by (i) post-crosslinking functionalization with the reactive groups on the surface and (ii) the formation of a composite coating by mixing varying amounts of a protein of interest, i.e., fish skin gelatin, which can form a uniform dual crosslinked network. The number of functionalization sites in a thin film could be controlled by tuning the composition of the copolymers. In photocrosslinking and subsequent functionalizations, we assessed the reactivity of the epoxide and cyclic dithiocarbonate with the generated primary amine. Moreover, the orthogonality of the possible reactions of the presented reactive functionalities in the crosslinked thin films with complex molecules is assessed. The resulting copolymer coatings were further utilized to define a hydrophobic surface or an active surface for the adhesion of biological objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hee Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.); (H.H.T.N.); (S.P.)
| | - Hai Ha Tran Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.); (H.H.T.N.); (S.P.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstraße 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - Soeun Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.); (H.H.T.N.); (S.P.)
| | - Jin-Kyun Lee
- Program in Environment and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwook P. Jung
- Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | - Myungwoong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.); (H.H.T.N.); (S.P.)
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3
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Nitti P, Narayanan A, Pellegrino R, Villani S, Madaghiele M, Demitri C. Cell-Tissue Interaction: The Biomimetic Approach to Design Tissue Engineered Biomaterials. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1122. [PMID: 37892852 PMCID: PMC10604880 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The advancement achieved in Tissue Engineering is based on a careful and in-depth study of cell-tissue interactions. The choice of a specific biomaterial in Tissue Engineering is fundamental, as it represents an interface for adherent cells in the creation of a microenvironment suitable for cell growth and differentiation. The knowledge of the biochemical and biophysical properties of the extracellular matrix is a useful tool for the optimization of polymeric scaffolds. This review aims to analyse the chemical, physical, and biological parameters on which are possible to act in Tissue Engineering for the optimization of polymeric scaffolds and the most recent progress presented in this field, including the novelty in the modification of the scaffolds' bulk and surface from a chemical and physical point of view to improve cell-biomaterial interaction. Moreover, we underline how understanding the impact of scaffolds on cell fate is of paramount importance for the successful advancement of Tissue Engineering. Finally, we conclude by reporting the future perspectives in this field in continuous development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Nitti
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.N.); (R.P.); (S.V.); (M.M.); (C.D.)
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4
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Brown T, Stanton M, Cros F, Cho S, Kiselyov A. Design and development of microformulations for rapid release of small molecules and oligonucleotides. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 188:106472. [PMID: 37220816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A systemic delivery of therapeutics frequently results in sub-optimal exposure of the targeted locus and undesired side effects. To address these challenges, a platform for local delivery of diverse therapeutics by remotely controlled magnetic micro-robots was introduced. The approach involves micro-formulation of active molecules using hydrogels that exhibit wide range of loading capabilities and predictable release kinetics. This work introduces two specific hydrogels based on thiol-maleimide and PEG-PLA-diacrylate chemistries that afford high, reliable and reproducible loading and release of several model molecules including doxorubicin, 25-mer poly-dT oligonucleotide and a 5.4 kBp GFP DNA plasmid. The described formulations are suitable for micro-dosing using both conventional or remote delivery devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brown
- Mosaic Biosciences, 2830 Wilderness Pl, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - M Stanton
- Mosaic Biosciences, 2830 Wilderness Pl, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - F Cros
- Bionaut Labs, Inc., 3767 Overland Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90034, USA
| | - S Cho
- Bionaut Labs, Inc., 3767 Overland Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90034, USA
| | - A Kiselyov
- Bionaut Labs, Inc., 3767 Overland Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90034, USA.
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5
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Bas Y, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Hyaluronic-acid based redox-responsive hydrogels using the Diels-Alder reaction for on-demand release of biomacromolecules. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2023.2190357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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6
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Han Y, Cao Y, Lei H. Dynamic Covalent Hydrogels: Strong yet Dynamic. Gels 2022; 8:577. [PMID: 36135289 PMCID: PMC9498565 DOI: 10.3390/gels8090577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are crosslinked polymer networks with time-dependent mechanical response. The overall mechanical properties are correlated with the dynamics of the crosslinks. Generally, hydrogels crosslinked by permanent chemical crosslinks are strong but static, while hydrogels crosslinked by physical interactions are weak but dynamic. It is highly desirable to create synthetic hydrogels that possess strong mechanical stability yet remain dynamic for various applications, such as drug delivery cargos, tissue engineering scaffolds, and shape-memory materials. Recently, with the introduction of dynamic covalent chemistry, the seemingly conflicting mechanical properties, i.e., stability and dynamics, have been successfully combined in the same hydrogels. Dynamic covalent bonds are mechanically stable yet still capable of exchanging, dissociating, or switching in response to external stimuli, empowering the hydrogels with self-healing properties, injectability and suitability for postprocessing and additive manufacturing. Here in this review, we first summarize the common dynamic covalent bonds used in hydrogel networks based on various chemical reaction mechanisms and the mechanical strength of these bonds at the single molecule level. Next, we discuss how dynamic covalent chemistry makes hydrogel materials more dynamic from the materials perspective. Furthermore, we highlight the challenges and future perspectives of dynamic covalent hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Han
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Hai Lei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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7
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Poddar D, Jain P. Surface modification of three-dimensional porous polymeric scaffolds in tissue engineering applications: A focus review on physical modifications methods. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2061863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Poddar
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Purnima Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India
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8
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Cansu Tarakci E, Nihal Gevrek T. Isocyanate group containing reactive hydrogels: Facile synthesis and efficient biofunctionalization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Cengiz B, Ejderyan N, Sanyal A. Functional polymeric coatings: thiol-maleimide ‘click’ chemistry as a powerful surface functionalization tool. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2022.2071725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Busra Cengiz
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nora Ejderyan
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Kowalska M, Bąchor R. Catch, Modify and Analyze: Methods of Chemoselective Modification of Cysteine-Containing Peptides. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051601. [PMID: 35268701 PMCID: PMC8911932 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One effective solution in the analysis of complex mixtures, including protein or cell hydrolysates, is based on chemoselective derivatization of a selected group of compounds by using selective tags to facilitate detection. Another method is based on the capture of the desired compounds by properly designed solid supports, resulting in sample enrichment. Cysteine is one of the rarest amino acids, but at least one cysteine residue is present in more than 91% of human proteins, which clearly confirms its important role in biological systems. Some cysteine-containing peptides may serve as significant molecular biomarkers, which may emerge as key indices in the management of patients with particular diseases. In the current review, we describe recent advances in the development of cysteine-containing peptide modification techniques based on solution and solid phase derivatization and enrichment strategies.
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11
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Rodríguez DF, Moglie Y, Ramírez-Sarmiento CA, Singh SK, Dua K, Zacconi FC. Bio-click chemistry: a bridge between biocatalysis and click chemistry. RSC Adv 2022; 12:1932-1949. [PMID: 35425264 PMCID: PMC8979012 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08053a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The fields of click chemistry and biocatalysis have rapidly grown over the last two decades. The development of robust and active biocatalysts and the widespread use of straightforward click reactions led to significant interactions between these two fields. Therefore the name bio-click chemistry seems to be an accurate definition of chemoenzymatic reactions cooperating with click transformations. Bio-click chemistry can be understood as the approach towards molecules of high-value using a green and sustainable approach by exploiting the potential of biocatalytic enzyme activity combined with the reliable nature of click reactions. This review summarizes the principal bio-click chemistry reactions reported over the last two decades, with a special emphasis on small molecules. Contributions to the field of bio-click chemistry are manifold, but the synthesis of chiral molecules with applications in medicinal chemistry and sustainable syntheses will be especially highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Rodríguez
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Chile
| | - Yanina Moglie
- Departamento de Química, INQUISUR, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET Argentina
| | - César A Ramírez-Sarmiento
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile.,ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program, Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio) Santiago Chile
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144411 Punjab India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney NSW 2007 Australia.,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney Ultimo Australia
| | - Flavia C Zacconi
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Chile .,Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile.,Centro de Investigaciones en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados, CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
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12
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Veni, Vidi, Vici: Immobilized Peptide-Based Conjugates as Tools for Capture, Analysis, and Transformation. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of peptide biomarkers of pathological states of the organism is often a serious challenge, due to a very complex composition of the cell and insufficient sensitivity of the current analytical methods (including mass spectrometry). One of the possible ways to overcome this problem is sample enrichment by capturing the selected components using a specific solid support. Another option is increasing the detectability of the desired compound by its selective tagging. Appropriately modified and immobilized peptides can be used for these purposes. In addition, they find application in studying the specificity and activity of proteolytic enzymes. Immobilized heterocyclic peptide conjugates may serve as metal ligands, to form complexes used as catalysts or analytical markers. In this review, we describe various applications of immobilized peptides, including selective capturing of cysteine-containing peptides, tagging of the carbonyl compounds to increase the sensitivity of their detection, enrichment of biological samples in deoxyfructosylated peptides, and fishing out of tyrosine–containing peptides by the formation of azo bond. Moreover, the use of the one-bead-one-compound peptide library for the analysis of substrate specificity and activity of caspases is described. Furthermore, the evolution of immobilization from the solid support used in peptide synthesis to nanocarriers is presented. Taken together, the examples presented here demonstrate immobilized peptides as a multifunctional tool, which can be successfully used to solve multiple analytical problems.
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13
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Hui E, Sumey JL, Caliari SR. Click-functionalized hydrogel design for mechanobiology investigations. MOLECULAR SYSTEMS DESIGN & ENGINEERING 2021; 6:670-707. [PMID: 36338897 PMCID: PMC9631920 DOI: 10.1039/d1me00049g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of click-functionalized hydrogels in recent years has coincided with rapid growth in the fields of mechanobiology, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Click chemistries represent a group of reactions that possess high reactivity and specificity, are cytocompatible, and generally proceed under physiologic conditions. Most notably, the high level of tunability afforded by these reactions enables the design of user-controlled and tissue-mimicking hydrogels in which the influence of important physical and biochemical cues on normal and aberrant cellular behaviors can be independently assessed. Several critical tissue properties, including stiffness, viscoelasticity, and biomolecule presentation, are known to regulate cell mechanobiology in the context of development, wound repair, and disease. However, many questions still remain about how the individual and combined effects of these instructive properties regulate the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing physiologic and pathologic processes. In this review, we discuss several click chemistries that have been adopted to design dynamic and instructive hydrogels for mechanobiology investigations. We also chart a path forward for how click hydrogels can help reveal important insights about complex tissue microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Hui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Jenna L Sumey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Steven R Caliari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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14
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Chambre L, Maouati H, Oz Y, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Thiol-Reactive Clickable Cryogels: Importance of Macroporosity and Linkers on Biomolecular Immobilization. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2116-2124. [PMID: 32786374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Macroporous cryogels that are amenable to facile functionalization are attractive platforms for biomolecular immobilization, a vital step for fabrication of scaffolds necessary for areas like tissue engineering and diagnostic sensing. In this work, thiol-reactive porous cryogels are obtained via photopolymerization of a furan-protected maleimide-containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based methacrylate (PEGFuMaMA) monomer. A series of cryogels are prepared using varying amounts of the masked hydrophilic PEGFuMaMA monomer, along with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, a hydrophilic monomer and cross-linker, respectively, in the presence of a photoinitiator. Subsequent activation to the thiol-reactive form of the furan-protected maleimide groups is performed through the retro Diels-Alder reaction. As a demonstration of direct protein immobilization, bovine serum albumin is immobilized onto the cryogels. Furthermore, ligand-directed immobilization of proteins is achieved by first attaching mannose- or biotin-thiol onto the maleimide-containing platforms, followed by ligand-directed immobilization of concanavalin A or streptavidin, respectively. Additionally, we demonstrate that the extent of immobilized proteins can be controlled by varying the amount of thiol-reactive maleimide groups present in the cryogel matrix. Compared to traditional hydrogels, cryogels demonstrate enhanced protein immobilization/detection. Additionally, it is concluded that utilization of a longer linker, distancing the thiol-reactive maleimide group from the gel scaffold, considerably increases protein immobilization. It can be envisioned that the facile fabrication, conjugation, and control over the extent of functionalization of these cryogels will make these materials desirable scaffolds for numerous biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chambre
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Hamida Maouati
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey.,Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Oz
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey.,Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey.,Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
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15
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Magli S, Rossi GB, Risi G, Bertini S, Cosentino C, Crippa L, Ballarini E, Cavaletti G, Piazza L, Masseroni E, Nicotra F, Russo L. Design and Synthesis of Chitosan-Gelatin Hybrid Hydrogels for 3D Printable in vitro Models. Front Chem 2020; 8:524. [PMID: 32760695 PMCID: PMC7373092 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of 3D printable hydrogels based on the crosslinking between chitosan and gelatin is proposed. Chitosan and gelatin were both functionalized with methyl furan groups. Chemical modification was performed by reductive amination with methyl furfural involving the lysine residues of gelatin and the amino groups of chitosan to generate hydrogels with tailored properties. The methyl furan residues present in both polymers were exploited for efficient crosslinking via Diels-Alder ligation with PEG-Star-maleimide under cell-compatible conditions. The obtained chitosan-gelatin hybrid was employed to formulate hydrogels and 3D printable biopolymers and its processability and biocompatibility were preliminarily investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Magli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Beatrice Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Risi
- G. Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bertini
- G. Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Cosentino
- G. Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Crippa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Ballarini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Piazza
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Masseroni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicotra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Russo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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16
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Rahmati M, Silva EA, Reseland JE, A Heyward C, Haugen HJ. Biological responses to physicochemical properties of biomaterial surface. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5178-5224. [PMID: 32642749 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical scientists use chemistry-driven processes found in nature as an inspiration to design biomaterials as promising diagnostic tools, therapeutic solutions, or tissue substitutes. While substantial consideration is devoted to the design and validation of biomaterials, the nature of their interactions with the surrounding biological microenvironment is commonly neglected. This gap of knowledge could be owing to our poor understanding of biochemical signaling pathways, lack of reliable techniques for designing biomaterials with optimal physicochemical properties, and/or poor stability of biomaterial properties after implantation. The success of host responses to biomaterials, known as biocompatibility, depends on chemical principles as the root of both cell signaling pathways in the body and how the biomaterial surface is designed. Most of the current review papers have discussed chemical engineering and biological principles of designing biomaterials as separate topics, which has resulted in neglecting the main role of chemistry in this field. In this review, we discuss biocompatibility in the context of chemistry, what it is and how to assess it, while describing contributions from both biochemical cues and biomaterials as well as the means of harmonizing them. We address both biochemical signal-transduction pathways and engineering principles of designing a biomaterial with an emphasis on its surface physicochemistry. As we aim to show the role of chemistry in the crosstalk between the surface physicochemical properties and body responses, we concisely highlight the main biochemical signal-transduction pathways involved in the biocompatibility complex. Finally, we discuss the progress and challenges associated with the current strategies used for improving the chemical and physical interactions between cells and biomaterial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahmati
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway. h.j.haugen.odont.uio.no
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17
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Gevrek TN, Degirmenci A, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Multifunctional and Transformable 'Clickable' Hydrogel Coatings on Titanium Surfaces: From Protein Immobilization to Cellular Attachment. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1211. [PMID: 32466521 PMCID: PMC7362003 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifunctionalizable hydrogel coatings on titanium interfaces are useful in a wide range of biomedical applications utilizing titanium-based materials. In this study, furan-protected maleimide groups containing multi-clickable biocompatible hydrogel layers are fabricated on a titanium surface. Upon thermal treatment, the masked maleimide groups within the hydrogel are converted to thiol-reactive maleimide groups. The thiol-reactive maleimide group allows facile functionalization of these hydrogels through the thiol-maleimide nucleophilic addition and Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions, under mild conditions. Additionally, the strained alkene unit in the furan-protected maleimide moiety undergoes radical thiol-ene reaction, as well as the inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction with tetrazine containing molecules. Taking advantage of photo-initiated thiol-ene 'click' reactions, we demonstrate spatially controlled immobilization of the fluorescent dye thiol-containing boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY-SH). Lastly, we establish that the extent of functionalization on hydrogels can be controlled by attachment of biotin-benzyl-tetrazine, followed by immobilization of TRITC-labelled ExtrAvidin. Being versatile and practical, we believe that the described multifunctional and transformable 'clickable' hydrogels on titanium-based substrates described here can find applications in areas involving modification of the interface with bioactive entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Nihal Gevrek
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey; (T.N.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Aysun Degirmenci
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey;
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey; (T.N.G.); (R.S.)
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey;
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey; (T.N.G.); (R.S.)
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey;
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18
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Cengiz N, Gevrek TN, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Fabrication of Patterned Hydrogel Interfaces: Exploiting the Maleimide Group as a Dual Purpose Handle for Cross-Linking and Bioconjugation. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1382-1391. [PMID: 32259431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional hydrogels that can be obtained through facile fabrication procedures and subsequently modified using straightforward reagent-free methods are indispensable materials for biomedical applications such as sensing and diagnostics. Herein a novel hydrogel platform is obtained using polymeric precursors containing the maleimide functional group as a side chain. The maleimide groups play a dual role in fabrication of functional hydrogels. They enable photochemical cross-linking of the polymers to yield bulk and patterned hydrogels. Moreover, the maleimide group can be used as a handle for efficient functionalization using the thiol-maleimide conjugation and Diels-Alder cycloaddition click reactions. Obtained hydrogels are characterized in terms of their morphology, water uptake capacity, and functionalization. Micropatterned hydrogels are obtained under UV-irradiation using a photomask to obtain reactive micropatterns, which undergo facile functionalization upon treatment with thiol-containing functional molecules such as fluorescent dyes and bioactive ligands. The maleimide group also undergoes conjugation through the Diels-Alder reaction, where the attached molecule can be released through thermal treatment via the retro Diels-Alder reaction. The antibiofouling nature of these hydrogel micropatterns enables efficient ligand-directed biomolecular immobilization, as demonstrated by attachment of streptavidin-coated quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nergiz Cengiz
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugce Nihal Gevrek
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Enrichment of Cysteine-Containing Peptide by On-Resin Capturing and Fixed Charge Tag Derivatization for Sensitive ESI-MS Detection. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061372. [PMID: 32197294 PMCID: PMC7144375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High complexity of cell and tissue proteomes limits the investigation of proteomic biomarkers. Therefore, the methods of enrichment of some chemical groups of peptides including thiopeptides are important tools that may facilitate the proteomic analysis by reducing sample complexity and increasing proteome coverage. Here, we present a new method of cysteine-containing tryptic peptide enrichment using commercially available TentaGel R RAM resin modified by the linker containing the maleimide group, allowing thiol conjugation. The captured tryptic peptides containing lysine residue were then tagged by 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium salt to form 2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium derivatives, which increases the ionization efficiency during mass spectrometry analysis. This makes it possible to conduct an ultrasensitive analysis of the trace amount of compounds. The proposed strategy was successfully applied in the enrichment of model tryptic podocin peptide and podocin tryptic digest.
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20
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Arslan M. Fabrication and reversible disulfide functionalization of PEGylated chitosan-based hydrogels: Platforms for selective immobilization and release of thiol-containing molecules. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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21
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Oh J, Jung KI, Jung HW, Khan A. A Modular and Practical Synthesis of Zwitterionic Hydrogels through Sequential Amine-Epoxy "Click" Chemistry and N-Alkylation Reaction. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1491. [PMID: 31547408 PMCID: PMC6780745 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the amine-epoxy "click" reaction is shown to be a valuable general tool in the synthesis of reactive hydrogels. The practicality of this reaction arises due to its catalyst-free nature, its operation in water, and commercial availability of a large variety of amine and epoxide molecules that can serve as hydrophilic network precursors. Therefore, hydrogels can be prepared in a modular fashion through a simple mixing of the precursors in water and used as produced (without requiring any post-synthesis purification step). The gelation behavior and final hydrogel properties depend upon the molecular weight of the precursors and can be changed as per the requirement. A post-synthesis modification through alkylation at the nitrogen atom of the newly formed β-hydroxyl amine linkages allows for functionalizing the hydrogels. For example, ring-opening reaction of cyclic sulfonic ester gives rise to surfaces with a zwitterionic character. Finally, the established gelation chemistry can be combined with soft lithography techniques such as micromolding in capillaries (MIMIC) to obtain hydrogel microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junki Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Kevin Injoe Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Hyun Wook Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Anzar Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
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22
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One step synthesis of monodisperse thiol-ene clickable polymer microspheres and application on biological functionalization. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Lee JH, Lee MY, Lim Y, Knowles J, Kim HW. Auditory disorders and future therapies with delivery systems. J Tissue Eng 2018; 9:2041731418808455. [PMID: 30397431 PMCID: PMC6207966 DOI: 10.1177/2041731418808455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory function takes a major part in human life. While sensorineural hearing loss is related with many factors including genetic disorders, age and noise, the clear causes are not well understood. Even more, the currently available treatments with drugs cause side effects, which thus are considered suboptimal. Here, we communicate the delivery systems with biomaterials that can be possible therapeutic options to restore hearing and vestibular functions. We introduce briefly the various pathological factors related with hearing loss and the limitation of current therapies, detail the recent studies on delivery systems including nanoparticles and hydrogels and discuss future clinical availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,UCL Eastman - Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Lim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan Knowles
- UCL Eastman - Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Department, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, London, UK
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,UCL Eastman - Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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24
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Nagai Y, Tsutsumi Y, Nakashima N, Fujigaya T. Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Coated with Thiol-Reactive Gel via Emulsion Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8544-8550. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Nagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Nakashima
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tsuyohiko Fujigaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency-Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (JST-PRESTO), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems(CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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25
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Chambre L, Degirmenci A, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Multi-Functional Nanogels as Theranostic Platforms: Exploiting Reversible and Nonreversible Linkages for Targeting, Imaging, and Drug Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1885-1896. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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Gevrek TN, Cosar M, Aydin D, Kaga E, Arslan M, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Facile Fabrication of a Modular "Catch and Release" Hydrogel Interface: Harnessing Thiol-Disulfide Exchange for Reversible Protein Capture and Cell Attachment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:14399-14409. [PMID: 29637775 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces engineered to "specifically capture" and "release on demand" analytes ranging from biomolecules to cells find niche applications in areas such as diagnostics and detection. Utilization of a disulfide-based linker as a building block allows fabrication of a novel hydrogel-based platform that incorporates a "catch and release" attribute. Hydrogels incorporating pyridyl disulfide groups as thiol-reactive handles were prepared by photopolymerization in the presence of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based cross-linker. A range of bulk and micropatterned hydrogels with varying amounts of the reactive group were prepared using PEG-based monomers with different chain lengths. Thiol-containing molecules were conjugated to these hydrogels through the thiol-disulfide exchange reaction under ambient conditions with high efficiencies, as determined by UV-vis spectroscopy. Facile conjugation of a thiol-containing fluorescent dye, namely 4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-[(10-mercapto)]-4-bora-3 a,4 a-diaza- s-indacene, was demonstrated, followed by its effective cleavage in the presence of dithiothreitol (DTT), a thiol-containing disulfide-reducing agent. Conjugation of a biotin-containing ligand onto the hydrogels allowed specific binding of protein extravidin when exposed to a mixture of extravidin and bovine serum albumin. The bound protein could be released from the hydrogel by simple exposure to a DTT solution. Likewise, hydrogels modified with a cell-adhesive peptide unit containing the RGD sequence acted as favorable substrates for cellular attachment. Incubation of these cell-attached hydrogel surfaces in a DTT-containing solution leads to facile detachment of cells from the surfaces, while retaining a high level of cell viability. It can be envisioned that the benign nature of these hydrogels, their facile fabrication, and modular functionalization will make them attractive platforms for many applications.
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27
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Ghanian MH, Mirzadeh H, Baharvand H. In Situ Forming, Cytocompatible, and Self-Recoverable Tough Hydrogels Based on Dual Ionic and Click Cross-Linked Alginate. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:1646-1662. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Ghanian
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Hamid Mirzadeh
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran 1461968151, Iran
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28
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Lenz S, Horx P, Geyer A. The stereodynamics of macrocyclic succinimide-thioethers. J Pept Sci 2018; 24:e3075. [PMID: 29582500 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Maleimide-thiol coupling is a popular bioconjugation strategy, but little is known about the stereoselectivity and the stereodynamics of the succinimide thioether formed in a biopolymer environment. We used thiol 1,4-addition for the macrocyclisation of 5 designed pentapeptides with the ringsize of hexapeptides because they incorporate the succinimide thioether (4-8). Both succinimide diastereomers are observed in the constrained macrocyclic rings in each case. In spite of the low diastereoselectivity of the macrocyclisation reaction, there is a significant influence of the amino acid environment on the epimerization rate of the succinimide. Its half life can be as short as several hours at room temperature when Gly is the amino acid following the succinimide (peptide 8). On the contrary, no epimerization is detectable even after several weeks in the case of d-Phe C-terminal to the succinimide in peptide 4. Already the small selection of examples shows how big the differences in epimerization rates can be and that the local environment has a significant influence. The variation of amino acids in the vicinity of the ligation site points the way towards the synthesis of bioconjugates which are obtained as stable and separable diastereomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Lenz
- Institute of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philip Horx
- Institute of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Armin Geyer
- Institute of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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29
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Cengiz N, Gevrek TN, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Orthogonal thiol-ene 'click' reactions: a powerful combination for fabrication and functionalization of patterned hydrogels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:8894-8897. [PMID: 28740993 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02298k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A combination of 'orthogonal' thiol-ene 'click' reactions is utilized for fabrication and functionalization of micro-patterned hydrogels. A furan-protected maleimide-containing parent copolymer is partially activated via the retro Diels-Alder reaction to obtain an 'orthogonally' functionalizable copolymer, where the different functional groups can be exploited for multi-functionalization or fabrication of functional hydrogels using combination of the nucleophilic and radical thiol-ene reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cengiz
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, 34342 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey.
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30
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Oz Y, Sanyal A. The Taming of the Maleimide: Fabrication of Maleimide-Containing 'Clickable' Polymeric Materials. CHEM REC 2017; 18:570-586. [PMID: 29286198 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Functional polymers are widely employed in various areas of biomedical sciences. In order to tailor them for desired applications, facile and efficient functionalization of these polymeric materials under mild and benign conditions is important. Polymers containing reactive maleimide groups can be employed for such applications since they provide an excellent handle for conjugation of thiol- and diene-containing molecules and biomolecules. Until recently, fabrication of maleimide containing polymeric materials has been challenging due to the interference from the highly reactive double bond. A Diels-Alder/retro Diels-Alder reaction sequence based strategy to transiently mask the maleimide group provides access to such polymeric materials. In this personal account, we summarize contributions from our group towards the fabrication and functionalization of maleimide-containing polymeric materials over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Oz
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
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31
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Aydin D, Arslan M, Sanyal A, Sanyal R. Hooked on Cryogels: A Carbamate Linker Based Depot for Slow Drug Release. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1443-1451. [PMID: 28441501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based bulk hydrogels and cryogels containing activated carbonate groups as amine reactive handles to facilitate drug conjugations through carbamate linkages were fabricated and evaluated as slow releasing drug reservoirs. As an initial approach, photopolymerization of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-activated carbonate functional group containing monomer and PEG-methacrylate in the presence of a cross-linker was utilized to obtain bulk hydrogels with high gel conversions. The resultant hydrogels possessed moderate water uptake (170-340%) which was dependent on the monomer ratios. These hydrogels were functionalized with an anticancer drug, namely, doxorubicin. Surprisingly, while negligible drug release was observed from the bulk hydrogels under normal pH, only about 6% drug release was observed under acidic condition. Limited swelling of these hydrogels as well as lack of porous structure as deduced from scanning electron microscopy analysis might explain the poor drug release. To enhance the drug releasing capacity of these hydrogels that might stem from the increased porosity, reactive carbonate group bearing cryogels were synthesized. Compared to the bulk hydrogels, cryogels were highly porous in structure and also possessed much higher swelling capacity (1150-1500%). As a result of these distinctions, a 7-fold enhancement in drug release was observed for the cryogel system compared to the relating hydrogel. In vitro studies demonstrated that the anticancer drug doxorubicin conjugated through carbamate linkers to the cryogels was released and proved effective against MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Overall, a novel class of slow releasing nontoxic hydrogel and cryogel scaffolds with potential applications as anticancer drug reservoirs was realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Aydin
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University , Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Arslan
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University , Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University , Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University , Istanbul 34342, Turkey
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32
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Aktan B, Chambre L, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. “Clickable” Nanogels via Thermally Driven Self-Assembly of Polymers: Facile Access to Targeted Imaging Platforms using Thiol–Maleimide Conjugation. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:490-497. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bugra Aktan
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, 34342 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Laura Chambre
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, 34342 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, 34342 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center
for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, 34342 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, 34342 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center
for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, 34342 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
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33
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Maleimide-Functionalized PEI600 Grafted Polyurethane: Synthesis, Nano-Complex Formation with DNA and Thiol-Conjugation of the Complexes for Dual DNA Transfection. Polymers (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/polym7101503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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34
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Gok O, Kosif I, Dispinar T, Gevrek TN, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Design and Synthesis of Water-Soluble Multifunctionalizable Thiol-Reactive Polymeric Supports for Cellular Targeting. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1550-60. [PMID: 26030527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Design and synthesis of novel water-soluble polymers bearing reactive side chains are actively pursued due to their increasing demand in areas such as bioconjugation and drug delivery. This study reports the fabrication of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate based thiol-reactive water-soluble polymeric supports that can serve as targeted drug delivery vehicles. Thiol-reactive maleimide units were incorporated into polymers as side chains by use of a furan-protected maleimide containing monomer. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was employed to obtain a family of well-defined copolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions. After the polymerization, the maleimide groups were activated to their reactive form, ready for conjugation with thiol-containing molecules. Efficient functionalization of the maleimide moieties was demonstrated by conjugation of a tripeptide glutathione under mild and reagent-free aqueous conditions. Additionally, hydrophobic thiol-containing dye (Bodipy-SH) and a cyclic peptide-based targeting group (cRGDfC) were sequentially appended onto the maleimide bearing polymers to demonstrate their efficient multifunctionalization. The conjugates were utilized for in vitro experiments over both cancerous and healthy breast cell lines. Obtained results demonstrate that the conjugates were nontoxic, and displayed efficient cellular uptake. The presence of the peptide based targeting group had a clear effect on increasing the uptake of the dye-conjugated polymers into cells when compared to the construct devoid of the peptide. Overall, the facile synthesis and highly efficient multifunctionalization of maleimide-containing thiol-reactive copolymers offer a novel and attractive class of polyethylene glycol-based water-soluble supports for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgul Gok
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irem Kosif
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Dispinar
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugce Nihal Gevrek
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
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