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Capelôa L, Miravet Martí R, Duro-Castaño A, Nebot VJ, Barz M. Utility of Triethyloxonium Tetrafluoroborate for Chloride Removal during Sarcosine N-Carboxyanhydride Synthesis: Improving NCA Purity. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304375. [PMID: 38563634 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The clinical translation of polysarcosine (pSar) as polyethylene glycol (PEG) replacement in the development of novel nanomedicines creates a broad demand of polymeric material in high-quality making high-purity sarcosine N-carboxyanhydride (Sar-NCA) as monomer for its production inevitable. Within this report, we present the use of triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate in Sar-NCA synthesis with focus on amino acid and chloride impurities to avoid the sublimation of Sar-NCAs. With a view towards upscaling into kilogram or ton scale, a new methodology of monomer purification is introduced by utilizing the Meerwein's Salt triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate to remove chloride impurities by covalent binding and converting chloride ions into volatile products within a single step. The novel straightforward technique enables access to monomers with significantly reduced chloride content (<100 ppm) compared to Sar-NCA derived by synthesis or sublimation. The derived monomers enable the controlled-living polymerization in DMF and provide access to pSar polymers with Poisson-like molecular weight distribution within a high range of chain lengths (Xn 25-200). In conclusion, the reported method can be easily applied to Sar-NCA synthesis or purification of commercially available pSar-NCAs and eases access to well-defined hetero-telechelic pSar polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Capelôa
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), University Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (JGU), Obere Zahlbacher Straße 63, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Vicent J Nebot
- Curapath, Av. Benjamin Franklin 19, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Matthias Barz
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), University Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (JGU), Obere Zahlbacher Straße 63, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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2
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Kumar R, Huda MN, Habib A, Nafiujjaman M, Woo HJ, Kim T, Nurunnabi M. Carbon Coated Iron-Cobalt Nanoparticles for Magnetic Particle Imaging. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3257-3265. [PMID: 37554053 PMCID: PMC10787597 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging imaging modality that provides direct and quantitative mapping of iron oxide tracers. To achieve high sensitivity and good spatial resolution images, a magnetic nanoparticle with a higher contrast intensity needs to be developed. Currently, a majority of MPIs being developed for potential clinical application are composed of iron oxide nanoparticles with a spherical shape. In this project, we intend to report development of high-performance carbon (C) coated iron-cobalt (FeCo) nanoparticles (FeCo/C) and investigate their feasibility as a MPI agent. We have synthesized FeCo/C through a facile and simple method at mild temperature that is safe, easy, and up-scalable. We studied the structural and functional relationships and biocompatibility of this MPI agent in vitro. However, to enhance the aqueous solubility and biocompatibility, the surface of FeCo/C was modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG). We found that variation in the ratio of Fe and Co plays a vital role in their physical properties and functionality. In vitro imaging confirms that the Fe3Co1/C nanoparticle has highly competitive MPI intensity compared to VivoTrax, a commercially available MPI agent. Confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging with Rhodamine B labeled FeCo/C displays cellular internalization by the A375 cancer cells. The in vitro toxicity analysis concludes that there is no significant toxicity of FeCo/C nanoparticles. Therefore, the newly developed MPI agent holds strong promise for biomedical imaging and could be further validated in vivo in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79902, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Md Nurul Huda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79902, United States
| | - Ahsan Habib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Sciences, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Md Nafiujjaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Hyun-Joo Woo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Taeho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79902, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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3
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Zou J, Zhou M, Xiao X, Liu R. Advance in Hybrid Peptides Synthesis. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200575. [PMID: 35978269 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid peptides with heterogeneous backbone are a class of peptide mimics with adjustable proteolytic stability obtained from incorporating unnatural amino acid residues into peptide backbone. α/β-peptides and peptide/peptoid hybrids are two types of hybrid peptides that are widely studied for diverse applications, and several synthetic methods have been developed. In this mini review, the advance in hybrid peptide synthesis is summarized, including solution-phase method, solid-phase method, and novel polymerization method. Conventional solution-phase method and solid-phase method generally result in oligomers with defined sequences, while polymerization methods have advantages in preparing peptide hybrid polymers with high molecular weight with simple operation and low cost. In addition, the future development of polymerization method to realize the control of the peptide hybrid polymer sequence is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ximian Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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4
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Shalgunov V, Engudar G, Bohrmann L, Wharton L, Maskell K, Johann K, Barz M, Schaffer P, Herth MM, Radchenko V. Radiolabeling of a polypeptide polymer for intratumoral delivery of alpha-particle emitter, 225Ac, and beta-particle emitter, 177Lu. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 104-105:11-21. [PMID: 34839209 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiotherapy of cancer requires both alpha- and beta-particle emitting radionuclides, as these radionuclide types are efficient at destroying different types of tumors. Both classes of radionuclides require a vehicle, such as an antibody or a polymer, to be delivered and retained within the tumor. Polyglutamic acid (pGlu) is a polymer that has proven itself effective as a basis of drug-polymer conjugates in the clinic, while its derivatives have been used for pretargeted tumor imaging in a research setup. trans-Cyclooctene (TCO) modified pGlu is suitable for pretargeted imaging or therapy, as well as for intratumoral radionuclide therapy. In all cases, it becomes indirectly radiolabeled via the bioorthogonal click reaction with the tetrazine (Tz) molecule carrying the radionuclide. In this study, we report the radiolabeling of TCO-modified pGlu with either lutetium-177 (177Lu), a beta-particle emitter, or actinium-225 (225Ac), an alpha-particle emitter, using the click reaction between TCO and Tz. METHODS A panel of Tz derivatives containing a metal ion binding chelator (DOTA or macropa) connected to the Tz moiety directly or through a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker was synthesized and tested for their ability to chelate 177Lu and 225Ac, and click to pGlu-TCO. Radiolabeled 177Lu-pGlu and 225Ac-pGlu were isolated by size exclusion chromatography. The retention of 177Lu or 225Ac by the obtained conjugates was investigated in vitro in human serum. RESULTS All DOTA-modified Tzs efficiently chelated 177Lu resulting in average radiochemical conversions (RCC) of >75%. Isolated radiochemical yields (RCY) for 177Lu-pGlu prepared from 177Lu-Tzs ranged from 31% to 55%. TLC analyses detected <5% unchelated 177Lu for all 177Lu-pGlu preparations over six days in human serum. For 225Ac chelation, optimized RCCs ranged from 61 ± 34% to quantitative for DOTA-Tzs and were quantitative for the macropa-modified Tz (>98%). Isolated radiochemical yields (RCY) for 225Ac-pGlu prepared from 225Ac-Tzs ranged from 28% to 51%. For 3 out of 5 225Ac-pGlu conjugates prepared from DOTA-Tzs, the amount of unchelated 225Ac stayed below 10% over six days in human serum, while 225Ac-pGlu prepared from macropa-Tz showed a steady release of up to 37% 225Ac. CONCLUSION We labeled TCO-modified pGlu polymers with alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides in acceptable RCYs. All 177Lu-pGlu preparations and some 225Ac-pGlu preparations showed excellent stability in human plasma. Our work shows the potential of pGlu as a vehicle for alpha- and beta-radiotherapy of tumors and demonstrated the usefulness of Tz ligation for indirect radiolabeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gokce Engudar
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Lennart Bohrmann
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Luke Wharton
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada; Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z, Canada
| | - Keiran Maskell
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 0A7, Canada
| | - Kerstin Johann
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 0A7, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, 2775 Lauret St, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z, Canada.
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5
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Okuno Y, Nishimura T, Sasaki Y, Akiyoshi K. Thermoresponsive Carbohydrate- b-Polypeptoid Polymer Vesicles with Selective Solute Permeability and Permeable Factors for Solutes. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3099-3106. [PMID: 34165283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Solute-permeable polymer vesicles are structural compartments for nanoreactors/nanofactories in the context of drug delivery and artificial cells. We previously proposed design guidelines for polymers that form solute-permeable vesicles, yet we did not provide enough experimental verification. In addition, the fact that there is no clear factor for identifying permeable solutes necessitates extensive trial and error. Herein, we report solute-permeable polymer vesicles based on an amphiphilic copolymer, thermoresponsive oligosaccharide-block-poly(N-n-propylglycine). The introduction of a thermoresponsive polymer as a hydrophobic segment into amphiphilic polymers is a viable approach to construct solute-permeable polymer vesicles. We also demonstrate that the polymer vesicles are preferentially permeable to cationic and neutral fluorophores and are hardly permeable to anionic fluorophores due to the electrostatic repulsion between the bilayer and anionic fluorophores. In addition, the permeability of neutral fluorophores increases with the increasing log P value of the fluorophores. Thus, the electrical charge and log P value are important factors for membrane permeability. These findings will help researchers develop advanced nanoreactors based on permeable vesicles for a broad range of fundamental and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yota Okuno
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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6
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Biodistribution of surfactant-free poly(lactic-acid) nanoparticles and uptake by endothelial cells and phagocytes in zebrafish: Evidence for endothelium to macrophage transfer. J Control Release 2021; 331:228-245. [PMID: 33444668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the development of therapeutic nanoparticles (NP), there is a large gap between in vitro testing and in vivo experimentation. Despite its prominence as a model, the mouse shows severe limitations for imaging NP and the cells with which they interact. Recently, the transparent zebrafish larva, which is well suited for high-resolution live-imaging, has emerged as a powerful alternative model to investigate the in vivo behavior of NP. Poly(D,L lactic acid) (PLA) is widely accepted as a safe polymer to prepare therapeutic NP. However, to prevent aggregation, many NP require surfactants, which may have undesirable biological effects. Here, we evaluate 'safe-by-design', surfactant-free PLA-NP that were injected intravenously into zebrafish larvae. Interaction of fluorescent NPs with different cell types labelled in reporter animals could be followed in real-time at high resolution; furthermore, by encapsulating colloidal gold into the matrix of PLA-NP we could follow their fate in more detail by electron microscopy, from uptake to degradation. The rapid clearance of fluorescent PLA-NP from the circulation coincided with internalization by endothelial cells lining the whole vasculature and macrophages. After 30 min, when no NP remained in circulation, we observed that macrophages continued to internalize significant amounts of NP. More detailed video-imaging revealed a new mechanism of NP transfer where NP are transmitted along with parts of the cytoplasm from endothelial cells to macrophages.
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7
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Lau CYJ, Mastrobattista E. Programming supramolecular peptide materials by modulating the intermediate steps in the complex assembly pathway: Implications for biomedical applications. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2020.101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Frey M, Vincent M, Bobbala S, Burt R, Scott E. Mapping the supramolecular assembly space of poly(sarcosine)-b-poly(propylene sulfide) using a combinatorial copolymer library. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6644-6647. [PMID: 32406439 PMCID: PMC7733307 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00925c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A combinatorial copolymer library was created to rapidly screen the landscape of self-assembled nanostructure morphologies formed by block copolymers composed of hydrophilic peptoid polysarcosine (PSarc) and hydrophobic poly(propylene sulfide) (PPS) blocks. By probing rationally selected hydrophilic/hydrophobic copolymer weight fractions, the rapid and reproducible fabrication of micellar and vesicular nanostructures was optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Frey
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Michael Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Rajan Burt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Evan Scott
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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9
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Stéen EJ, Jørgensen JT, Johann K, Nørregaard K, Sohr B, Svatunek D, Birke A, Shalgunov V, Edem PE, Rossin R, Seidl C, Schmid F, Robillard MS, Kristensen JL, Mikula H, Barz M, Kjær A, Herth MM. Trans-Cyclooctene-Functionalized PeptoBrushes with Improved Reaction Kinetics of the Tetrazine Ligation for Pretargeted Nuclear Imaging. ACS NANO 2020; 14:568-584. [PMID: 31820928 PMCID: PMC7075664 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tumor targeting using agents with slow pharmacokinetics represents a major challenge in nuclear imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy as they most often result in low imaging contrast and high radiation dose to healthy tissue. To address this challenge, we developed a polymer-based targeting agent that can be used for pretargeted imaging and thus separates tumor accumulation from the imaging step in time. The developed targeting agent is based on polypeptide-graft-polypeptoid polymers (PeptoBrushes) functionalized with trans-cyclooctene (TCO). The complementary 111In-labeled imaging agent is a 1,2,4,5-tetrazine derivative, which can react with aforementioned TCO-modified PeptoBrushes in a rapid bioorthogonal ligation. A high degree of TCO loading (up to 30%) was achieved, without altering the physicochemical properties of the polymeric nanoparticle. The highest degree of TCO loading resulted in significantly increased reaction rates (77-fold enhancement) compared to those with small molecule TCO moieties when using lipophilic tetrazines. Based on computer simulations, we hypothesize that this increase is a result of hydrophobic effects and significant rearrangements within the polymer framework, in which hydrophobic patches of TCO moieties are formed. These patches attract lipophilic tetrazines, leading to increased reaction rates in the bioorthogonal ligation. The most reactive system was evaluated as a targeting agent for pretargeted imaging in tumor-bearing mice. After the setup was optimized, sufficient tumor-to-background ratios were achieved as early as 2 h after administration of the tetrazine imaging agent, which further improved at 22 h, enabling clear visualization of CT-26 tumors. These findings show the potential of PeptoBrushes to be used as a pretargeting agent when an optimized dose of polymer is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Johanna
L. Stéen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper T. Jørgensen
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Johann
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg
University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kamilla Nørregaard
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Barbara Sohr
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien (TU Wien), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien (TU Wien), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Birke
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg
University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Patricia E. Edem
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Raffaella Rossin
- Tagworks
Pharmaceuticals, Geert
Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Seidl
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg
University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Friederike Schmid
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudingerweg 7-9, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marc S. Robillard
- Tagworks
Pharmaceuticals, Geert
Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jesper L. Kristensen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hannes Mikula
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien (TU Wien), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg
University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Matthias M. Herth
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Nishimura T, Hirose S, Sasaki Y, Akiyoshi K. Substrate-Sorting Nanoreactors Based on Permeable Peptide Polymer Vesicles and Hybrid Liposomes with Synthetic Macromolecular Channels. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:154-161. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Nishimura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shin Hirose
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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11
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Tong Y, Wang Z, Xiao Y, Liu W, Pan J, Zhou Y, Lang M. In Situ Forming and Reversibly Cross-Linkable Hydrogels Based on Copolypept(o)ides and Polysaccharides. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:4545-4556. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Tong
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhaochuang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jinghao Pan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Meidong Lang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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12
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Deng Y, Chen H, Tao X, Cao F, Trépout S, Ling J, Li MH. Oxidation-Sensitive Polymersomes Based on Amphiphilic Diblock Copolypeptoids. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3435-3444. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangwei Deng
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University Paris, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, UMR8247, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University Paris, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, UMR8247, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Xinfeng Tao
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University Paris, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, UMR8247, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fangyi Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Sylvain Trépout
- Institut Curie, INSERM U1196 and CNRS UMR9187, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Jun Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Min-Hui Li
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University Paris, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, UMR8247, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, 100029 Beijing, China
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13
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Nishimura T, Akiyoshi K. Biotransporting Biocatalytic Reactors toward Therapeutic Nanofactories. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800801. [PMID: 30479925 PMCID: PMC6247036 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Drug-delivery systems (DDSs), in which drug encapsulation in nanoparticles enables targeted delivery of therapeutic agents and their release at specific disease sites, are important because they improve drug efficacy and help to decrease side effects. Although significant progress has been made in the development of DDSs for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, new approaches that increase the scope and effectiveness of such systems are still needed. Concepts such as nanoreactors and nanofactories are therefore attracting much attention. Nanoreactors, which basically consist of vesicle-encapsulated enzymes, provide prodrug conversion to therapeutic agents rather than simple drug delivery. Nanofactories are an extension of this concept and combine the features of nanoreactors and delivery carriers. Here, the required features of nanofactories are discussed and an overview of current strategies for the design and fabrication of different types of nanoreactors, i.e., systems based on lipid or polymer vesicles, capsules, mesoporous silica, viral capsids, and hydrogels, and their respective advantages and shortcomings, is provided. In vivo applications of biocatalytic reactors in the treatment of cancer, glaucoma, neuropathic pain, and alcohol intoxication are also discussed. Finally, the prospects for further progress in this important and promising field are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Nishimura
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto UniversityKatsuraNishikyo‐kuKyoto615‐8510Japan
- ERATO Bio‐Nanotransporter ProjectJapan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Kyoto UniversityKatsuraNishikyo‐kuKyoto615‐8530Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto UniversityKatsuraNishikyo‐kuKyoto615‐8510Japan
- ERATO Bio‐Nanotransporter ProjectJapan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Kyoto UniversityKatsuraNishikyo‐kuKyoto615‐8530Japan
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14
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Liarou E, Varlas S, Skoulas D, Tsimblouli C, Sereti E, Dimas K, Iatrou H. Smart polymersomes and hydrogels from polypeptide-based polymer systems through α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride ring-opening polymerization. From chemistry to biomedical applications. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Birke A, Ling J, Barz M. Polysarcosine-containing copolymers: Synthesis, characterization, self-assembly, and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Spicer CD, Jumeaux C, Gupta B, Stevens MM. Peptide and protein nanoparticle conjugates: versatile platforms for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:3574-3620. [PMID: 29479622 PMCID: PMC6386136 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00877e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Peptide- and protein-nanoparticle conjugates have emerged as powerful tools for biomedical applications, enabling the treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of disease. In this review, we focus on the key roles played by peptides and proteins in improving, controlling, and defining the performance of nanotechnologies. Within this framework, we provide a comprehensive overview of the key sequences and structures utilised to provide biological and physical stability to nano-constructs, direct particles to their target and influence their cellular and tissue distribution, induce and control biological responses, and form polypeptide self-assembled nanoparticles. In doing so, we highlight the great advances made by the field, as well as the challenges still faced in achieving the clinical translation of peptide- and protein-functionalised nano-drug delivery vehicles, imaging species, and active therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Spicer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles Väg 2, Stockholm, Sweden.
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17
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Otter R, Klinker K, Spitzer D, Schinnerer M, Barz M, Besenius P. Folding induced supramolecular assembly into pH-responsive nanorods with a protein repellent shell. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:401-404. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08127h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ABA′ triblock peptide–polysarcosine–peptide conjugates fold into antiparallel β-sheets, which promotes the self-assembly into polysarcosine-shielded core–shell nanorods with protein repellent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Otter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - K. Klinker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Graduate School of Materials Science in Mainz
| | - D. Spitzer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - M. Schinnerer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - M. Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - P. Besenius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
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18
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Kim CJ, Hara E, Watabe N, Hara I, Kimura S. Modulation of immunogenicity of poly(sarcosine) displayed on various nanoparticle surfaces due to different physical properties. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:889-898. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Joo Kim
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto Daigaku‐Katsura, Nishikyo‐ku Kyoto 615‐8510 Japan
| | - Eri Hara
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital 53 Shogoin kawahara‐cho, Sakyo‐ku Kyoto 606‐8507 Japan
| | - Naoki Watabe
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto Daigaku‐Katsura, Nishikyo‐ku Kyoto 615‐8510 Japan
| | - Isao Hara
- Technology Research Laboratory Shimadzu Corporation 3‐9‐4 Hikaridai, Seika‐cho, Soraku‐gun 619‐0237 Kyoto Japan
| | - Shunsaku Kimura
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto Daigaku‐Katsura, Nishikyo‐ku Kyoto 615‐8510 Japan
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19
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Weber B, Kappel C, Scherer M, Helm M, Bros M, Grabbe S, Barz M. PeptoSomes for Vaccination: Combining Antigen and Adjuvant in Polypept(o)ide-Based Polymersomes. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [PMID: 28759159 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the first vaccine is reported based on a PeptoSome, which contains a model antigen (SIINFEKL) and adjuvant (CpG). PeptoSomes are polypept(o)ide-based polymersomes built of a block-copolymer with polysarcosine (PSar) as the hydrophilic block (X n = 111) and poly(benzyl-glutamic acid) (PGlu(OBn)) as the hydrophobic one (X n = 46). The polypept(o)ide is obtained with low dispersity index of 1.32 by controlled ring-opening polymerization. Vesicle formation by dual centrifugation technique allows for loading of vesicles up to 40 mol%. PeptoSomes are characterized by multiangle dynamic light scattering, static light scattering, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM). The PeptoSomes have a hydrodynamic radius of 39.2 nm with a low dispersity (µ 2 = 0.1). The ρ-ratio R g /R h of 0.95 already indicates that vesicles are formed, which can be confirmed by cryoTEM. Loaded PeptoSomes deliver the antigen (SIINFEKL) and an adjuvant (CpG) simultaneously into dendritic cells (DCs). Upon cellular uptake, dendritic cells are stimulated and activated, which leads to expression of cluster of differentiation CD80, CD86, and MHCII, but induces excretion of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNFα). Furthermore, DC-mediated antigen-specific T-cell proliferation is achieved, thus underlining the enormous potential of PeptoSomes as a versatile platform for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cinja Kappel
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 63, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Scherer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mark Helm
- Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 63, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 63, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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20
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Zashikhina NN, Volokitina MV, Korzhikov-Vlakh VA, Tarasenko II, Lavrentieva A, Scheper T, Rühl E, Orlova RV, Tennikova TB, Korzhikova-Vlakh EG. Self-assembled polypeptide nanoparticles for intracellular irinotecan delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 109:1-12. [PMID: 28735041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this research poly(l-lysine)-b-poly(l-leucine) (PLys-b-PLeu) polymersomes were developed. It was shown that the size of nanoparticles depended on pH of self-assembly process and varied from 180 to 650nm. The biodegradation of PLys-b-PLeu nanoparticles was evaluated using in vitro polypeptide hydrolysis in two model enzymatic systems, as well as in human blood plasma. The experiments on the visualization of cellular uptake of rhodamine 6g-loaded and fluorescein-labeled nanoparticles were carried out and the possibility of their penetration into the cells was approved. The cytotoxicity of polymersomes obtained was tested using three cell lines, namely, HEK, NIH-3T3 and A549. It was shown that tested nanoparticles did not demonstrate any cytotoxicity in the concentrations up to 2mg/mL. The encapsulation of specific to colorectal cancer anti-tumor drug irinotecan into developed nanocontainers was performed by means of pH gradient method. The dispersion of drug-loaded polymersomes in PBS was stable at 4°C for a long time (at least 1month) without considerable drug leakage. The kinetics of drug release was thoroughly studied using two model enzymatic systems, human blood serum and PBS solution. The approximation of irinotecan release profiles with different mathematical drug release models was carried out and allowed identification of the release mechanism, as well as the morphological peculiarities of developed particles. The dependence of encapsulation efficiency, as well as maximal loading capacity, on initial drug concentration was studied. The maximal drug loading was found as 320±55μg/mg of polymersomes. In vitro anti-tumoral activity of irinotecan-loaded polymersomes on a colon cancer cell line (Caco-2) was measured and compared to that for free drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Zashikhina
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M V Volokitina
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V A Korzhikov-Vlakh
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetsky pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I I Tarasenko
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Lavrentieva
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstrasse 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Scheper
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstrasse 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - E Rühl
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R V Orlova
- Medical Faculty, Saint-Petersburg State University, Line 22, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T B Tennikova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetsky pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - E G Korzhikova-Vlakh
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
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21
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Thermo-induced multistep assembly of double-hydrophilic block copolypeptoids in water. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Camacho X, Machado CL, García MF, Gambini JP, Banchero A, Fernández M, Oddone N, Bertolini Zanatta D, Rosal C, Buchpiguel CA, Chammas R, Riva E, Cabral P. Technetium-99m- or Cy7-Labeled Rituximab as an Imaging Agent for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Oncology 2017; 92:229-242. [DOI: 10.1159/000452419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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23
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Vlakh EG, Grachova EV, Zhukovsky DD, Hubina AV, Mikhailova AS, Shakirova JR, Sharoyko VV, Tunik SP, Tennikova TB. Self-assemble nanoparticles based on polypeptides containing C-terminal luminescent Pt-cysteine complex. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41991. [PMID: 28155880 PMCID: PMC5290470 DOI: 10.1038/srep41991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing attention to the luminescent nanocarriers is strongly stimulated by their potential application as drug delivery systems and by the necessity to monitor their distribution in cells and tissues. In this communication we report on the synthesis of amphiphilic polypeptides bearing C-terminal phosphorescent label together with preparation of nanoparticles using the polypeptides obtained. The approach suggested is based on a unique and highly technological process where the new phosphorescent Pt-cysteine complex serves as initiator of the ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides to obtain the polypeptides bearing intact the platinum chromophore covalently bound to the polymer chain. It was established that the luminescent label retains unchanged its emission characteristics not only in the polypeptides but also in more complicated nanoaggregates such as the polymer derived amphiphilic block-copolymers and self-assembled nanoparticles. The phosphorescent nanoparticles display no cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity in the tested range of concentrations and easily internalize into living cells that makes possible in vivo cell visualization, including prospective application in time resolved imaging and drug delivery monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. G. Vlakh
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetsky pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E. V. Grachova
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetsky pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D. D. Zhukovsky
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetsky pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A. V. Hubina
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetsky pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A. S. Mikhailova
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetsky pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - J. R. Shakirova
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetsky pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V. V. Sharoyko
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetsky pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S. P. Tunik
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetsky pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T. B. Tennikova
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetsky pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
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24
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Lei WW, Shi LY, Li H, Li CX, Diao YF, Zhang YL, Ran R. A novel self-assembled hybrid organogel of polypeptide-based block copolymers with inclusion of polypeptide-functionalized graphene. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24677j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled hybrid organogels of polypeptide-based BCPs with incorporation of functionalized graphene were generated, and showed enhanced mechanical performance for the potential nanomaterials application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Lei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Ling-Ying Shi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Hang Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Chen-Xi Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Yong-Fu Diao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Rong Ran
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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25
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Sun L, Zheng C, Webster TJ. Self-assembled peptide nanomaterials for biomedical applications: promises and pitfalls. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 12:73-86. [PMID: 28053525 PMCID: PMC5191618 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s117501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last several decades, a great number of advances have been made in the area of self-assembled supramolecules for regenerative medicine. Such advances have involved the design, preparation, and characterization of brand new self-assembled peptide nanomaterials for a variety of applications. Among all biomolecules considered for self-assembly applications, peptides have attracted a great deal of attention as building blocks for bottom-up fabrication, due to their versatility, ease of manufacturing, low costs, tunable structures, and versatile properties. Herein, some of the more exciting new designs of self-assembled peptides and their associated unique features are reviewed and several promising applications of how self-assembled peptides are advancing drug delivery, tissue engineering, antibacterial therapy, and biosensor device applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Sun
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chunli Zheng
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Fetsch C, Gaitzsch J, Messager L, Battaglia G, Luxenhofer R. Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Block Copolypeptoids - Micelles, Worms and Polymersomes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33491. [PMID: 27666081 PMCID: PMC5036089 DOI: 10.1038/srep33491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polypeptoids are an old but recently rediscovered polymer class with interesting synthetic, physico-chemical and biological characteristics. Here, we introduce new aromatic monomers, N-benzyl glycine N-carboxyanhydride and N-phenethyl glycine N-carboxyanhydride and their block copolymers with the hydrophilic polysarcosine. We compare their self-assembly in water and aqueous buffer with the self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolypeptoids with aliphatic side chains. The aggregates in water were investigated by dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy. We found a variety of morphologies, which were influenced by the polymer structure as well as by the preparation method. Overall, we found polymersomes, worm-like micelles and oligo-lamellar morphologies as well as some less defined aggregates of interconnected worms and vesicles. Such, this contribution may serve as a starting point for a more detailed investigation of the self-assembly behavior of the rich class of polypeptoids and for a better understanding between the differences in the aggregation behavior of non-uniform polypeptoids and uniform peptoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Fetsch
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Gaitzsch
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
| | - Lea Messager
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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27
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Akahoshi A, Matsuura E, Ozeki E, Matsui H, Watanabe K, Ohtsuki T. Enhanced cellular uptake of lactosomes using cell-penetrating peptides. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2016; 17:245-252. [PMID: 27877876 PMCID: PMC5101896 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2016.1178056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles that are composed of synthetic polymers are generally size controllable and can be easily modified for various applications. Lactosomes (A3B-type) are biodegradable polymeric micelles composed of an amphipathic polymer, including three poly(sarcosine) blocks and a poly(l-lactic acid) block. Lactosomes accumulate in tumors in vivo through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, even on frequently administering them. However, lactosomes cannot be efficiently internalized by cells. To improve cellular uptake of lactosomes, cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-modified lactosomes were prepared. Seven CPPs (including EB1 and Pep1) were used, and most of them improved the cellular uptake efficiency of lactosomes. In particular, EB1- and Pep1-modified lactosomes were efficiently internalized by cells. In addition, by using CPP-modified and photosensitizer-loaded lactosomes, we demonstrated the photoinduced killing of mammalian cells, including human cancer cells. Accumulation of the EB1-modified lactosomes in NCI-N87 tumors was shown by in vivo imaging. Thus, this study demonstrated that the CPP-modified lactosome is a promising drug carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiya Akahoshi
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Okayama University, Okayama700-8530, Japan
| | - Eiji Matsuura
- Collaborative Research Center for OMIC, Okayama University, Okayama700-8558, Japan
| | - Eiichi Ozeki
- Technology Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hayato Matsui
- Technology Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazunori Watanabe
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Okayama University, Okayama700-8530, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohtsuki
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Okayama University, Okayama700-8530, Japan
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28
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Barros SM, Whitaker SK, Sukthankar P, Avila LA, Gudlur S, Warner M, Beltrão EIC, Tomich JM. A review of solute encapsulating nanoparticles used as delivery systems with emphasis on branched amphipathic peptide capsules. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 596:22-42. [PMID: 26926258 PMCID: PMC4841695 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Various strategies are being developed to improve delivery and increase the biological half-lives of pharmacological agents. To address these issues, drug delivery technologies rely on different nano-sized molecules including: lipid vesicles, viral capsids and nano-particles. Peptides are a constituent of many of these nanomaterials and overcome some limitations associated with lipid-based or viral delivery systems, such as tune-ability, stability, specificity, inflammation, and antigenicity. This review focuses on the evolution of bio-based drug delivery nanomaterials that self-assemble forming vesicles/capsules. While lipid vesicles are preeminent among the structures; peptide-based constructs are emerging, in particular peptide bilayer delimited capsules. The novel biomaterial-Branched Amphiphilic Peptide Capsules (BAPCs) display many desirable properties. These nano-spheres are comprised of two branched peptides-bis(FLIVI)-K-KKKK and bis(FLIVIGSII)-K-KKKK, designed to mimic diacyl-phosphoglycerides in molecular architecture. They undergo supramolecular self-assembly and form solvent-filled, bilayer delineated capsules with sizes ranging from 20 nm to 2 μm depending on annealing temperatures and time. They are able to encapsulate different fluorescent dyes, therapeutic drugs, radionuclides and even small proteins. While sharing many properties with lipid vesicles, the BAPCs are much more robust. They have been analyzed for stability, size, cellular uptake and localization, intra-cellular retention and, bio-distribution both in culture and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M Barros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Susan K Whitaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Pinakin Sukthankar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - L Adriana Avila
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Sushanth Gudlur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Matt Warner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Eduardo I C Beltrão
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - John M Tomich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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29
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Porcu EP, Salis A, Gavini E, Rassu G, Maestri M, Giunchedi P. Indocyanine green delivery systems for tumour detection and treatments. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:768-789. [PMID: 27090752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Indocyanine green (ICG) is a cyanine compound that displays fluorescent properties in the near infrared region. This dye is employed for numerous indications but nowadays its major application field regards tumour diagnosis and treatments. Optical imaging by near infrared fluorescence provides news opportunities for oncologic surgery. The imaging of ICG can be useful for intraoperative identification of several solid tumours and metastases, and sentinel lymph node detection. In addition, ICG can be used as an agent for the destruction of malignant tissue, by virtue of the production of reactive oxygen species and/or induction of a hyperthermia effect under irradiation. Nevertheless, ICG shows several drawbacks, which limit its clinical application. Several formulative strategies have been studied to overcome these problems. The rationale of the development of ICG containing drug delivery systems is to enhance the in vivo stability and biodistribution profile of this dye, allowing tumour accumulation and resulting in better efficacy. In this review, ICG containing nano-sized carriers are classified based on their chemical composition and structure. In addition to nanosystems, different formulations including hydrogel, microsystems and others loaded with ICG will be illustrated. In particular, this report describes the preparation, in vitro characterization and in vivo application of ICG platforms for cancer imaging and treatment. The promising results of all systems confirm their clinical utility but further studies are required prior to evaluating the formulations in human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena P Porcu
- PhD in Experimental Medicine, Department of Diagnostic, Paediatric, Clinical and Surgical Science, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Salis
- University of Sassari, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- University of Sassari, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- University of Sassari, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Giunchedi
- University of Sassari, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sassari, Italy.
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30
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Li A, Zhang D. Synthesis and Characterization of Cleavable Core-Cross-Linked Micelles Based on Amphiphilic Block Copolypeptoids as Smart Drug Carriers. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:852-61. [PMID: 26866458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic block copolypeptoids consisting of a hydrophilic poly(N-ethyl glycine) segment and a hydrophobic poly[(N-propargyl glycine)-r-(N-decyl glycine)] random copolymer segment [PNEG-b-P(NPgG-r-NDG), EPgD] have been synthesized by sequential primary amine-initiated ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of the corresponding N-alkyl N-carboxyanhydride monomers. The block copolypeptoids form micelles in water and the micellar core can be cross-linked with a disulfide-containing diazide cross-linker by copper-mediated alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) in aqueous solution. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis revealed the formation of spherical micelles with uniform size for both the core-cross-linked micelles (CCLMs) and non-cross-linked micelles (NCLMs) precursors for selective block copolypeptoid polymers. The CCLMs exhibited increased dimensional stability relative to the NCLMs in DMF, a nonselective solvent for the core and corona segments. Micellar dissociation of CCLMs can be induced upon addition of a reducing agent (e.g., dithiothreitol) in dilute aqueous solutions, as verified by a combination of fluorescence spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and (1)H NMR spectroscopic measurement. Doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug, can be loaded into the hydrophobic core of CCLMs with a maximal 23% drug loading capacity (DLC) and 37% drug loading efficiency (DLE). In vitro DOX release from the CCLMs can be triggered by DTT (10 mM), in contrast to significantly reduced DOX release in the absence of DTT, attesting to the reductively responsive characteristic of the CCLMs. While the CCLMs exhibited minimal cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cancer cells, DOX-loaded CCLMs inhibited the proliferation of the HepG2 cancer cells in a concentration and time dependent manner, suggesting the controlled release of DOX from the DOX-loaded CCLMS in the cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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31
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Li A, Lu L, Li X, He L, Do C, Garno JC, Zhang D. Amidine-Mediated Zwitterionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of N-Alkyl N-Carboxyanhydride: Mechanism, Kinetics, and Architecture Elucidation. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Lu Lu
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Xin Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - LiLin He
- Biology
and Soft Matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Changwoo Do
- Biology
and Soft Matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jayne C. Garno
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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32
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Secker C, Völkel A, Tiersch B, Koetz J, Schlaad H. Thermo-Induced Aggregation and Crystallization of Block Copolypeptoids in Water. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Secker
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Antje Völkel
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Brigitte Tiersch
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Koetz
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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33
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Jenkins R, Burdette MK, Foulger SH. Mini-review: fluorescence imaging in cancer cells using dye-doped nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10473h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging has gained increased attention over the past two decades as a viable means to detect a variety of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Jenkins
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | - Mary K. Burdette
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | - Stephen H. Foulger
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
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34
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Gangloff N, Ulbricht J, Lorson T, Schlaad H, Luxenhofer R. Peptoids and Polypeptoids at the Frontier of Supra- and Macromolecular Engineering. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1753-802. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Gangloff
- Functional Polymer
Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Ulbricht
- Functional Polymer
Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lorson
- Functional Polymer
Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer
Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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35
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Schneider M, Tang Z, Richter M, Marschelke C, Förster P, Wegener E, Amin I, Zimmermann H, Scharnweber D, Braun HG, Luxenhofer R, Jordan R. Patterned Polypeptoid Brushes. Macromol Biosci 2015; 16:75-81. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schneider
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; School of Science; TU Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Zian Tang
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; School of Science; TU Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Marcus Richter
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; School of Science; TU Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Claudia Marschelke
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; School of Science; TU Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Paul Förster
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; School of Science; TU Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Erik Wegener
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; School of Science; TU Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Ihsan Amin
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; School of Science; TU Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Heike Zimmermann
- Max-Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden; Budapester Str. 27 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Dieter Scharnweber
- Max-Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden; Budapester Str. 27 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Braun
- Max-Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden; Budapester Str. 27 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis; University Würzburg; Röntgenring 11 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; School of Science; TU Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
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36
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Klinker K, Barz M. Polypept(o)ides: Hybrid Systems Based on Polypeptides and Polypeptoids. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1943-57. [PMID: 26398770 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polypept(o)ides combine the multifunctionality and intrinsic stimuli-responsiveness of synthetic polypeptides with the "stealth"-like properties of the polypeptoid polysarcosine (poly(N-methyl glycine)). This class of block copolymers can be synthesized by sequential ring opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxy-anhydrides (NCAs) and correspondingly of the N-substituted glycine N-carboxyanhydride (NNCA). The resulting block copolymers are characterized by Poisson-like molecular weight distributions, full end group integrity, and dispersities below 1.2. While polysarcosine may be able to tackle the currently arising issues regarding the gold standard PEG, including storage diseases in vivo and immune responses, the polypeptidic block provides the functionalities for a specific task. Additionally, polypeptides are able to form secondary structure motives, e.g., α-helix or β-sheets, which can be used to direct self-assembly in solution. In this feature article, we review the relatively new field of polypept(o)ides with respect to synthesis, characterization, and first data on the application of block copolypept(o)ides in nanomedicine. The summarized data already indicates the great potential of polypept(o)ides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Klinker
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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37
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A head-to-head comparison of poly(sarcosine) and poly(ethylene glycol) in peptidic, amphiphilic block copolymers. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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38
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Secker C, Brosnan SM, Luxenhofer R, Schlaad H. Poly(α-Peptoid)s Revisited: Synthesis, Properties, and Use as Biomaterial. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:881-91. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Secker
- Department of Colloid Chemistry; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Research Campus Golm 14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Sarah M. Brosnan
- Department of Colloid Chemistry; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Research Campus Golm 14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Chair of Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis; University of Würzburg; Röntgenring 11 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam Germany
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39
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Uesaka A, Hara I, Imai T, Sugiyama J, Kimura S. Unsymmetric vesicles with a different design on each side for near-infrared fluorescence imaging of tumor tissues. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15635h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method for preparation of unsymmetric vesciles about chemical decoration of the outer or inner surface of the membrane makes it improved for tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Uesaka
- Department of Material Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Japan
| | - Isao Hara
- Technology Research Laboratory
- Shimadzu Corporation
- Japan
| | - Tomoya Imai
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH)
- Kyoto University
- Uji
- Japan
| | - Junji Sugiyama
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH)
- Kyoto University
- Uji
- Japan
| | - Shunsaku Kimura
- Department of Material Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Japan
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40
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Klinker K, Holm R, Heller P, Barz M. Evaluating chemical ligation techniques for the synthesis of block copolypeptides, polypeptoids and block copolypept(o)ides: a comparative study. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00461f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We describe the efficient synthesis of block copolypeptides, polypeptoids as well as block copolypept(o)ides by chemical ligation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Regina Holm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Philipp Heller
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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41
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Lowe S, O'Brien-Simpson NM, Connal LA. Antibiofouling polymer interfaces: poly(ethylene glycol) and other promising candidates. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01356e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights antibiofouling polymer interfaces with emphasis on the latest developments using poly(ethylene glycol) and the design new polymeric structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Lowe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Victoria
- Australia 3010
| | | | - Luke A. Connal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Victoria
- Australia 3010
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42
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Wu W, Cui S, Li Z, Liu J, Wang H, Wang X, Zhang Q, Wu H, Guo K. Mild Brønsted acid initiated controlled polymerizations of 2-oxazoline towards one-pot synthesis of novel double-hydrophilic poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-block-poly(sarcosine). Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00256g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mild Brønsted acid initiator in polymerizations of 2-oxazoline was firstly reported as a workable protocol in the ROPs and BCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhuo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Saide Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Huiying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Qiguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
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43
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Fetsch C, Flecks S, Gieseler D, Marschelke C, Ulbricht J, van Pée KH, Luxenhofer R. Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Block Copolypeptoids with C2
-C5
Side Chains in Aqueous Solution. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Fetsch
- Functional Polymer Materials; Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis; University Würzburg; Röntgenring 11 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Silvana Flecks
- Professur für Allgemeine Biochemie; Department Chemie; Technische Universität Dresden; Bergstr. 66 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Dan Gieseler
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie; Department Chemie; Technische Universität Dresden; Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Claudia Marschelke
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie; Department Chemie; Technische Universität Dresden; Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Juliane Ulbricht
- Functional Polymer Materials; Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis; University Würzburg; Röntgenring 11 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz van Pée
- Professur für Allgemeine Biochemie; Department Chemie; Technische Universität Dresden; Bergstr. 66 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials; Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis; University Würzburg; Röntgenring 11 97070 Würzburg Germany
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44
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Makino A, Kimura S. Solid tumor-targeting theranostic polymer nanoparticle in nuclear medicinal fields. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:424513. [PMID: 25379530 PMCID: PMC4213412 DOI: 10.1155/2014/424513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer nanoparticles can be prepared by self-assembling of amphiphilic polymers, and various types of molecular assemblies have been reported. In particular, in medicinal fields, utilization of these polymer nanoparticles as carriers for drug delivery system (DDS) has been actively tried, and some nanoparticulate drugs are currently under preclinical evaluations. A radionuclide is an unstable nucleus and decays with emission of radioactive rays, which can be utilized as a tracer in the diagnostic imaging systems of PET and SPECT and also in therapeutic purposes. Since polymer nanoparticles can encapsulate most of diagnostic and therapeutic agents with a proper design of amphiphilic polymers, they should be effective DDS carriers of radionuclides in the nuclear medicinal field. Indeed, nanoparticles have been recently attracting much attention as common platform carriers for diagnostic and therapeutic drugs and contribute to the development of nanotheranostics. In this paper, recent developments of solid tumor-targeting polymer nanoparticles in nuclear medicinal fields are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Makino
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center (BIRC), University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
- Research and Education Program for Life Science, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Kimura
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Makino A. Morphology control of molecular assemblies prepared from bio-based amphiphilic polymers with a helical hydrophobic unit and application as nanocarriers for contrast agents and/or drug delivery. Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2014.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Makino A, Hara E, Hara I, Ozeki E, Kimura S. Size control of core-shell-type polymeric micelle with a nanometer precision. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:669-674. [PMID: 24372167 DOI: 10.1021/la404488n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic polydepsipeptides having a hydrophobic poly(L-lactic acid) block and varying numbers of a hydrophilic poly(sarcosine) block ranging from 1 to 3, AB-, A2B-, and A3B-type, were prepared and studied on their molecular assemblies. The morphologies were found to be polymeric micelles for the AB- and the A3B-type polydepsipeptides, but worm-like micelles for the A2B-type polydepsipeptide. The hydrodynamic diameter of the A3B-type polydepsipeptide (22 nm) became smaller than the AB-type polydepsipeptide (34 nm). The polymeric micelle sizes composed of the AB-type polydepsipeptide were adjustable up to ca. 100 nm with incorporation of poly(L-lactic acid) into the hydrophobic core. On the other hand, with varying mixing ratio of the AB-type and A3B-type polydepsipeptides, the hydrodynamic diameters were tunable to become smaller sizes with a precise control in the range from 22 to 34 nm. The polydispersity indices of the polymeric micelles were less than 0.1, indicating that we can obtain the homogeneous polymeric micelles with diameters in the range from 20 to 100 nm under a precise control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Makino
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui , 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
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Ptaszek M. Rational design of fluorophores for in vivo applications. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 113:59-108. [PMID: 23244789 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386932-6.00003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several classes of small organic molecules exhibit properties that make them suitable for fluorescence in vivo imaging. The most promising candidates are cyanines, squaraines, boron dipyrromethenes, porphyrin derivatives, hydroporphyrins, and phthalocyanines. The recent designing and synthetic efforts have been dedicated to improving their optical properties (shift the absorption and emission maxima toward longer wavelengths and increase the brightness) as well as increasing their stability and water solubility. The most notable advances include development of encapsulated cyanine dyes with increased stability and water solubility, squaraine rotaxanes with increased stability, long-wavelength-absorbing boron dipyrromethenes, long-wavelength-absorbing porphyrin and hydroporphyrin derivatives, and water-soluble phthalocyanines. Recent advances in luminescence and bioluminescence have made self-illuminating fluorophores available for in vivo applications. Development of new types of hydroporphyrin energy-transfer dyads gives the promise for further advances in in vivo multicolor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Ptaszek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Zhao L, Li N, Wang K, Shi C, Zhang L, Luan Y. A review of polypeptide-based polymersomes. Biomaterials 2013; 35:1284-301. [PMID: 24211077 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled systems from biodegradable amphiphilic polymers at the nanometer scale, such as nanotubes, nanoparticles, polymer micelles, nanogels, and polymersomes, have attracted much attention especially in biomedical fields. Among these nano-aggregates, polymersomes have attracted tremendous interests as versatile carriers due to their colloidal stability, tunable membrane properties and ability of encapsulating or integrating a broad range of drugs and molecules. Biodegradable block polymers, especially aliphatic polyesters such as polylactide, polyglycolide and poly (ε-caprolactone) have been widely used as biomedical materials for a long time to well fit the requirement of biomedical drug carriers. To have a precise control of the aggregation behavior of nano-aggregates, the more ordered polypeptide has been used to self-assemble into the drug carriers. In this review we focus on the study of polymersomes which also named pepsomes formed by polypeptide-based copolymers and attempt to clarify the polypeptide-based polymersomes from following aspects: synthesis and characterization of the polypeptide-based copolymers, preparation, multifunction and application of polypeptide-based polymersomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxia Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, PR China
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Sun J, Zuckermann RN. Peptoid polymers: a highly designable bioinspired material. ACS NANO 2013; 7:4715-32. [PMID: 23721608 DOI: 10.1021/nn4015714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired polymeric materials are attracting increasing attention due to significant advantages over their natural counterparts: the ability to precisely tune their structures over a broad range of chemical and physical properties, increased stability, and improved processability. Polypeptoids, a promising class of bioinspired polymer based on a N-substituted glycine backbone, have a number of unique properties that bridge the material gap between proteins and bulk polymers. Peptoids combine the sequence specificity of biopolymers with the simpler intra/intermolecular interactions and robustness of traditional synthetic polymers. They are highly designable because hundreds of chemically diverse side chains can be introduced from simple building blocks. Peptoid polymers can be prepared by two distinct synthetic techniques offering access to two material subclasses: (1) automated solid-phase synthesis which enables precision sequence control and near absolute monodispersity up to chain lengths of ~50 monomers, and (2) a classical polymerization approach which allows access to higher molecular weights and larger-scale yields, but with less control over length and sequence. This combination of facile synthetic approaches makes polypeptoids a highly tunable, rapid polymer prototyping platform to investigate new materials that are intermediate between proteins and bulk polymers, in both their structure and their properties. In this paper, we review the methods to synthesize peptoid polymers and their applications in biomedicine and nanoscience, as both sequence-specific materials and as bulk polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Luxenhofer R, Fetsch C, Grossmann A. Polypeptoids: A perfect match for molecular definition and macromolecular engineering? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials; Chair of Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilian, University of Würzburg; 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Corinna Fetsch
- Functional Polymer Materials; Chair of Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilian, University of Würzburg; 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Arlett Grossmann
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie; Department Chemie; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
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