1
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Wang Q, Serda M, Li Q, Sun T. Recent Advancements on Self-Immolative System Based on Dynamic Covalent Bonds for Delivering Heterogeneous Payloads. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300138. [PMID: 36943096 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The precisely spatial-temporal delivery of heterogeneous payloads from a single system with the same pulse is in great demand in realizing versatile and synergistic functions. Very few molecular architectures can satisfy the strict requirements of dual-release translated from single triggers, while the self-immolative systems based on dynamic covalent bonds represent the "state-of-art" of ultimate solution strategy. Embedding heterogeneous payloads symmetrically onto the self-immolative backbone with dynamic covalent bonds as the trigger, can respond to the quasi-bio-orthogonal hallmarks which are higher at the disease's microenvironment to simultaneously yield the heterogeneous payloads (drug A/drug B or drug/reporter). In this review, the modular design principles are concentrated to illustrate the rules in tailoring useful structures, then the rational applications are enumerated on the aspects of drug codelivery and visualized drug-delivery. This review, hopefully, can give the general readers a comprehensive understanding of the self-immolative systems based on dynamic covalent bonds for delivering heterogeneous payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbing Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Maciej Serda
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, 40-006, Poland
| | - Quan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Boyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, 368 Youyidadao Avenue, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
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2
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Wallabregue AD, Bolland H, Faulkner S, Hammond EM, Conway SJ. Two Color Imaging of Different Hypoxia Levels in Cancer Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2572-2583. [PMID: 36656915 PMCID: PMC9896549 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia (low oxygen levels) occurs in a range of biological contexts, including plants, bacterial biofilms, and solid tumors; it elicits responses from these biological systems that impact their survival. For example, conditions of low oxygen make treating tumors more difficult and have a negative impact on patient prognosis. Therefore, chemical probes that enable the study of biological hypoxia are valuable tools to increase the understanding of disease-related conditions that involve low oxygen levels, ultimately leading to improved diagnosis and treatment. While small-molecule hypoxia-sensing probes exist, the majority of these image only very severe hypoxia (<1% O2) and therefore do not give a full picture of heterogeneous biological hypoxia. Commonly used antibody-based imaging tools for hypoxia are less convenient than small molecules, as secondary detection steps involving immunostaining are required. Here, we report the synthesis, electrochemical properties, photophysical analysis, and biological validation of a range of indolequinone-based bioreductive fluorescent probes. We show that these compounds image different levels of hypoxia in 2D and 3D cell cultures. The resorufin-based probe 2 was activated in conditions of 4% O2 and lower, while the Me-Tokyo Green-based probe 4 was only activated in severe hypoxia─0.5% O2 and less. Simultaneous application of these compounds in spheroids revealed that compound 2 images similar levels of hypoxia to pimonidazole, while compound 4 images more extreme hypoxia in a manner analogous to EF5. Compounds 2 and 4 are therefore useful tools to study hypoxia in a cellular setting and represent convenient alternatives to antibody-based imaging approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine
L. D. Wallabregue
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Hannah Bolland
- Oxford
Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.
| | - Stephen Faulkner
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Ester M. Hammond
- Oxford
Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.,
| | - Stuart J. Conway
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.,
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3
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Dunsmore L, Navo CD, Becher J, de Montes EG, Guerreiro A, Hoyt E, Brown L, Zelenay V, Mikutis S, Cooper J, Barbieri I, Lawrinowitz S, Siouve E, Martin E, Ruivo PR, Rodrigues T, da Cruz FP, Werz O, Vassiliou G, Ravn P, Jiménez-Osés G, Bernardes GJL. Controlled masking and targeted release of redox-cycling ortho-quinones via a C-C bond-cleaving 1,6-elimination. Nat Chem 2022; 14:754-765. [PMID: 35764792 PMCID: PMC9252919 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural products that contain ortho-quinones show great potential as anticancer agents but have been largely discarded from clinical development because their redox-cycling behaviour results in general systemic toxicity. Here we report conjugation of ortho-quinones to a carrier, which simultaneously masks their underlying redox activity. C-benzylation at a quinone carbonyl forms a redox-inactive benzyl ketol. Upon a specific enzymatic trigger, an acid-promoted, self-immolative C-C bond-cleaving 1,6-elimination mechanism releases the redox-active hydroquinone inside cells. By using a 5-lipoxygenase modulator, β-lapachone, we created cathepsin-B-cleavable quinone prodrugs. We applied the strategy for intracellular release of β-lapachone upon antibody-mediated delivery. Conjugation of protected β-lapachone to Gem-IgG1 antibodies, which contain the variable region of gemtuzumab, results in homogeneous, systemically non-toxic and conditionally stable CD33+-specific antibody-drug conjugates with in vivo efficacy against a xenograft murine model of acute myeloid leukaemia. This protection strategy could allow the use of previously overlooked natural products as anticancer agents, thus extending the range of drugs available for next-generation targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Dunsmore
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudio D Navo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio-Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Julie Becher
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ana Guerreiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Emily Hoyt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Libby Brown
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sigitas Mikutis
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Cooper
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Isaia Barbieri
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefanie Lawrinowitz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Elise Siouve
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Esther Martin
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pedro R Ruivo
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa P da Cruz
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - George Vassiliou
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Ravn
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biotherapeutic Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio-Bizkaia, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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4
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Exploiting protease activation for therapy. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1743-1754. [PMID: 35314338 PMCID: PMC9132161 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteases have crucial roles in homeostasis and disease; and protease inhibitors and recombinant proteases in enzyme replacement therapy have become key therapeutic applications of protease biology across several indications. This review briefly summarises therapeutic approaches based on protease activation and focuses on how recent insights into the spatial and temporal control of the proteolytic activation of growth factors and interleukins are leading to unique strategies for the discovery of new medicines. In particular, two emerging areas are covered: the first is based on antibody therapies that target the process of proteolytic activation of the pro-form of proteins rather than their mature form; the second covers a potentially new class of biopharmaceuticals using engineered, proteolytically activable and initially inactive pro-forms of antibodies or effector proteins to increase specificity and improve the therapeutic window.
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5
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Li Y, Hemmersbach L, Krause B, Sitnikov N, Schlundt Née Göderz A, Pastene Maldonado DO, Schmalz HG, Yard B. Head-to-Head Comparison of Selected Extra- and Intracellular CO-Releasing Molecules on Their CO-Releasing and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100452. [PMID: 34643986 PMCID: PMC9298253 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, a variety of carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORMs) have been developed and tested. Some CORMs spontaneously release CO once in solution, while others require a trigger mechanism to release the bound CO from its molecular complex. The modulation of biological systems by CORMs depends largely on the spatiotemporal release of CO, which likely differs among the different types of CORMs. In spontaneously releasing CORMs, CO is released extracellularly and crosses the cell membrane to interact with intracellular targets. Other CORMs can directly release CO intracellularly, which may be a more efficient method to modulate biological systems. In the present study, we compared the efficacy of extracellular and intracellular CO-releasing CORMs that either release CO spontaneously or require an enzymatic trigger. The efficacy of such CORMs to modulate HO-1 and VCAM-1 expression in TNF-α-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Li
- Vth medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Diego O Pastene Maldonado
- Vth medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Benito Yard
- Vth medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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6
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Abe A, Kamiya M. A versatile toolbox for investigating biological processes based on quinone methide chemistry: From self-immolative linkers to self-immobilizing agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 44:116281. [PMID: 34216983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Quinone methide (QM) species have been included in the design of various functional molecules. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of bioanalytical tools based on QM chemistry. In the first part, we focus on self-immolative linkers that have been incorporated into functional molecules such as prodrugs and fluorescent probes. In the latter half, we outline how the highly electrophilic property of QMs, enabling them to react rapidly with neighboring nucleophiles, has been applied to develop inhibitors or labeling probes for enzymes, as well as self-immobilizing fluorogenic probes with high spatial resolution. This review systematically summarizes the versatile QM toolbox available for investigating biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Abe
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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7
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Chanda K, MM B. Light emitting probes – approaches for interdisciplinary applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3706-3719. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01444c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent probes are key components of sensors to detect numerous bio- and chemical-analytes with high sensitivity and specificity. Sensing is the response of events like self-immolation, FRET, electron/charge transfer, etc. upon interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore 632014
- India
| | - Balamurali MM
- Chemistry Division
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Chennai 600127
- India
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8
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Yang X, Pan Z, Choudhury MR, Yuan Z, Anifowose A, Yu B, Wang W, Wang B. Making smart drugs smarter: The importance of linker chemistry in targeted drug delivery. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2682-2713. [PMID: 32803765 PMCID: PMC7817242 DOI: 10.1002/med.21720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Smart drugs, such as antibody-drug conjugates, for targeted therapy rely on the ability to deliver a warhead to the desired location and to achieve activation at the same site. Thus, designing a smart drug often requires proper linker chemistry for tethering the warhead with a vehicle in such a way that either allows the active drug to retain its potency while being tethered or ensures release and thus activation at the desired location. Recent years have seen much progress in the design of new linker activation strategies. Herein, we review the recent development of chemical strategies used to link the warhead with a delivery vehicle for preferential cleavage at the desired sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manjusha Roy Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Abiodun Anifowose
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Bingchen Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
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9
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Design and Synthesis of New Protease‐Triggered CO‐Releasing Peptide–Metal‐Complex Conjugates. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Wang S, Vigliarolo BG, Chowdhury MA, Nyarko JNK, Mousseau DD, Phenix CP. Design and synthesis of fluorogenic substrate-based probes for detecting Cathepsin B activity. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103194. [PMID: 31493706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin B plays key roles in tumor progression with its overexpression being associated with invasive and metastatic phenotypes and is a primary target of protease activated antibody-directed prodrug therapy. It therefore represents a potential therapeutic and diagnostic target and effort has been made to develop fluorescent probes to report on Cathepsin B activity in cells and animal models of cancer. We have designed, synthesized, and thoroughly evaluated four novel "turn on" probes that employ a lysosomotropic dansylcadaverine dye to report on Cathepsin B activity. Enzyme activity assays using a recombinant human enzyme and cancer cell lysates coupled with confocal microscopy experiments demonstrated that one of the probes, derivatized with the self-immolative prodrug linker p-aminobenzyl alcohol, can selectively report on Cathepsin B in biological samples including live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Brady G Vigliarolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Morshed A Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Jennifer N K Nyarko
- Cell Signalling Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Darrell D Mousseau
- Cell Signalling Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Christopher P Phenix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada.
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11
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Wang J, Chen Q, Wu J, Zhu W, Wu Y, Fan X, Zhang G, Li Y, Jiang G. A highly selective and light-up red emissive fluorescent probe for imaging of penicillin G amidase inBacillus cereus. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00890j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A highly selective and red-emissive fluorescent probe (HCyNB) for penicillin G amidase (PGA) has been prepared and used for imaging of endogenousPGAin penicillinase-producingBacillus subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Wenping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Yongquan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Organic Solids Laboratory
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Yibao Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Guoyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
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12
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Yan J, Lee S, Zhang A, Yoon J. Self-immolative colorimetric, fluorescent and chemiluminescent chemosensors. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:6900-6916. [PMID: 30175338 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00841d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Self-immolative chemistry features a cascade of disassembly reactions in response to external stimuli, which provides great opportunities to design new self-immolative chemosensors with advanced performance and/or functions. Self-immolative spacers in these chemosensors not only facilitate the linkage of designed triggers to various chromophores or fluorophores, but can also be used to solve inherent problems associated with native chemosensors, such as low reactivities, poor stabilities and slow response times. Their capacity for stimuli-responsive release through operation of a self-immolative reaction further enables integration of sophisticated functions into chemosensors, including signal amplification, enzyme activity localization, and drug monitoring. Significant advances have been made in the field of self-immolative chemosensors, leading to intriguing applications to sensitive detection of analytes, bioimaging and cancer theranostics. This tutorial review summarizes this recent progress with a focus on their design strategies and sensing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatao Yan
- Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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13
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Cellier M, James AL, Orenga S, Perry JD, Rasul AK, Stanforth SP. Detection of l-alanylaminopeptidase activity in microorganisms using chromogenic self-immolative enzyme substrates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2102-2106. [PMID: 28389152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Three potential chromogenic enzymatic probes, each possessing a self-immolative spacer unit, were synthesised for the purpose of detecting l-alanylaminopeptidase activity in microorganisms. An Alizarin-based probe was the most effective, allowing several species to generate strongly coloured colonies in the presence of metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Cellier
- Research & Development Microbiology, bioMérieux SA, 3 route de Port Michaud, 38 390 La-Balme-les-Grottes, France
| | - Arthur L James
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Sylvain Orenga
- Research & Development Microbiology, bioMérieux SA, 3 route de Port Michaud, 38 390 La-Balme-les-Grottes, France
| | - John D Perry
- Department of Microbiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Ari K Rasul
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Stephen P Stanforth
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
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14
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Detection of l-alanylaminopeptidase activity in microorganisms using fluorogenic self-immolative enzyme substrates. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4066-4074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Arian D, Harenberg J, Krämer R. A Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Peptide Substrate for the Highly Sensitive Detection of Proteases in Biological Matrices. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7576-83. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dumitru Arian
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Job Harenberg
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Maybachstrasse
14, 68169 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roland Krämer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Lindberg E, Winssinger N. High Spatial Resolution Imaging of Endogenous Hydrogen Peroxide in Living Cells by Solid-State Fluorescence. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1612-5. [PMID: 27271247 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe selective imaging of hydrogen peroxide using a precipitating dye conjugated to a boronic acid-based immolative linker. We achieved visualization of endogenous hydrogen peroxide in phagosomes by solid-state two-photon fluorescence imaging in living cells with exceptionally high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lindberg
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
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17
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Alouane A, Labruère R, Le Saux T, Schmidt F, Jullien L. Self-immolative spacers: kinetic aspects, structure-property relationships, and applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7492-509. [PMID: 26053475 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Self-immolative spacers are covalent assemblies tailored to correlate the cleavage of two chemical bonds after activation of a protective part in a precursor: Upon stimulation, the protective moiety is removed, which generates a cascade of disassembling reactions leading to the temporally sequential release of smaller molecules. Originally introduced to overcome limitations for drug delivery, self-immolative spacers have gained wide interest in medicinal chemistry, analytical chemistry, and material science. For most applications, the kinetics of the disassembly of the activated self-immolative spacer governs functional properties. This Review addresses kinetic aspects of self-immolation. It provides information for selecting a particular self-immolative motif for a specific demand. Moreover, it should help researchers design kinetic experiments and fully exploit the rich perspectives of self-immolative spacers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alouane
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Department of Chemistry, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris (France).,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France).,CNRS, UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France).,Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris (France).,CNRS, UMR 3666, 75248 Paris (France).,INSERM, U 1143, 75248 Paris (France)
| | - Raphaël Labruère
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex (France)
| | - Thomas Le Saux
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Department of Chemistry, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris (France).,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France).,CNRS, UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France)
| | - Frédéric Schmidt
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris (France). .,CNRS, UMR 3666, 75248 Paris (France). .,INSERM, U 1143, 75248 Paris (France).
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Department of Chemistry, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris (France). .,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France). .,CNRS, UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France).
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18
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Alouane A, Labruère R, Le Saux T, Schmidt F, Jullien L. Selbstzerlegende Spacer: kinetische Aspekte, Struktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehungen und Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Sitnikov NS, Li Y, Zhang D, Yard B, Schmalz HG. Design, Synthese und funktionelle Evaluierung von CO-freisetzenden Molekülen, die durch Penicillin-G-Amidase als Modellprotease aktiviert werden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Sitnikov NS, Li Y, Zhang D, Yard B, Schmalz HG. Design, Synthesis, and Functional Evaluation of CO-Releasing Molecules Triggered by Penicillin G Amidase as a Model Protease. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12314-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Development of fluorescent peptide substrates and assays for the key autophagy-initiating cysteine protease enzyme, ATG4B. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3237-47. [PMID: 25979376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An efficient assay for monitoring the activity of the key autophagy-initiating enzyme ATG4B based on a small peptide substrate has been developed. A number of putative small fluorogenic peptide substrates were prepared and evaluated and optimized compounds showed reasonable rates of cleavage but required high enzyme concentrations which limited their value. A modified peptide substrate incorporating a less sterically demanding self-immolative element was designed and synthesized and was shown to have enhanced properties useful for evaluating inhibitors of ATG4B. Substrate cleavage was readily monitored and was linear for up to 4h but enzyme concentrations of about ten-fold higher were required compared to assays using protein substrate LC3 or analogs thereof (such as FRET-LC3). Several known inhibitors of ATG4B were evaluated using the small peptide substrate and gave IC50 values 3-7 fold higher than previously obtained values using the FRET-LC3 substrate.
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22
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Debieu S, Romieu A. Dual enzyme-responsive “turn-on” fluorescence sensing systems based on in situ formation of 7-hydroxy-2-iminocoumarin scaffolds. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:10348-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01624j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We herein report a novel class of dual enzyme-responsive fluorogenic probes based on two orthogonal deprotection reactions via the “covalent assembly” principle. Sensing of two different enzymes (hydrolase and nitroreductase) through domino reactions, producing the push–pull backbone of a fluorescent 3-substituted 7-hydroxy-2-iminocoumarin dye, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Debieu
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne
- UMR 6302
- CNRS
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté
- 21078 Dijon
| | - Anthony Romieu
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne
- UMR 6302
- CNRS
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté
- 21078 Dijon
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23
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Zhang H, Xu C, Liu J, Li X, Guo L, Li X. An enzyme-activatable probe with a self-immolative linker for rapid and sensitive alkaline phosphatase detection and cell imaging through a cascade reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:7031-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01005e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple conjugation of a phosphate moiety to a resorufin via a self-immolative linker resulted in a novel probe for rapid and sensitive phosphatase detection and cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- 215123 China
| | - Chenglong Xu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- 215123 China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- 215123 China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- 215123 China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Medical College of Soochow University
- Suzhou
- 215123 China
| | - Xinming Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- 215123 China
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24
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Prost M, Hasserodt J. “Double gating” – a concept for enzyme-responsive imaging probes aiming at high tissue specificity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:14896-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07147f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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25
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Chowdhury MA, Moya IA, Bhilocha S, McMillan CC, Vigliarolo BG, Zehbe I, Phenix CP. Prodrug-inspired probes selective to cathepsin B over other cysteine cathepsins. J Med Chem 2014; 57:6092-104. [PMID: 24940640 DOI: 10.1021/jm500544p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CTB) is a cysteine protease believed to be an important therapeutic target or biomarker for several diseases including aggressive cancer, arthritis, and parasitic infections. The development of probes capable of assessing CTB activity in cell lysates, living cells, and animal models of disease are needed to understand its role in disease progression. However, discovering probes selective to cathepsin B over other cysteine cathepsins is a significant challenge due to overlap of preferred substrates and binding site homology in this family of proteases. Herein we report the synthesis and detailed evaluation of two prodrug-inspired fluorogenic peptides designed to be efficient and selective substrate-based probes for CTB. Through cell lysate and cell assays, a promising lead candidate was identified that is efficiently processed and has high specificity for CTB over other cysteine cathepsins. This work represents a key step toward the design of rapid release prodrugs or substrate-based molecular imaging probes specific to CTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morshed A Chowdhury
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, 2321-290 Munro Street, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada , P7A 7T1
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26
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Strategies in the Design of Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Peptidases. Med Res Rev 2014; 34:1217-41. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Kim GJ, Yoon DH, Yun MY, Kwon H, Ha HJ, Kim HJ. Ratiometric fluorescence probes based on a Michael acceptor type of coumarin and their application for the multichannel imaging of in vivo glutathione. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01933d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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28
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Sloniec J, Resch-Genger U, Hennig A. Photophysics and Release Kinetics of Enzyme-Activatable Optical Probes Based on H-Dimerized Fluorophores on Self-Immolative Linkers. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:14336-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp409388b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Sloniec
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hennig
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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29
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Sun R, Liu W, Xu YJ, Lu JM, Ge JF, Ihara M. A cyanobenzo[a]phenoxazine-based near infrared lysosome-tracker for in cellulo imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:10709-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46696e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M. Mahoney
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2101d Hach Hall, Ames, Iowa
50014, United States
| | - Pratik P. Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2101d Hach Hall, Ames, Iowa
50014, United States
| | - Arthur H. Winter
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2101d Hach Hall, Ames, Iowa
50014, United States
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31
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Labruère R, Alouane A, Le Saux T, Aujard I, Pelupessy P, Gautier A, Dubruille S, Schmidt F, Jullien L. “Self-Immolative” Spacer for Uncaging with Fluorescence Reporting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:9344-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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32
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Labruère R, Alouane A, Le Saux T, Aujard I, Pelupessy P, Gautier A, Dubruille S, Schmidt F, Jullien L. “Self-Immolative” Spacer for Uncaging with Fluorescence Reporting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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33
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Amplified release through the stimulus triggered degradation of self-immolative oligomers, dendrimers, and linear polymers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1031-45. [PMID: 21996055 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, numerous delivery systems based on polymers, dendrimers, and nano-scale assemblies have been developed to improve the properties of drug molecules. In general, for the drug molecules to be active, they must be released from these delivery systems, ideally in a selective manner at the therapeutic target. As the changes in physiological conditions are relatively subtle from one tissue to another and the concentrations of specific enzymes are often quite low, a release strategy involving the amplification of a biological signal is particularly attractive. This article describes the development of oligomers, dendrimers, and linear polymers based on self-immolative spacers. This new class of molecules is designed to undergo a cascade of intramolecular reactions in response to the cleavage of a trigger moiety, resulting in molecular fragmentation and the release of multiple reporter or drug molecules. Progress in the development of these materials as drug delivery vehicles and sensors will be highlighted.
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34
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Schmid KM, Jensen L, Phillips ST. A Self-Immolative Spacer That Enables Tunable Controlled Release of Phenols under Neutral Conditions. J Org Chem 2012; 77:4363-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300400q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M. Schmid
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
United States
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
United States
| | - Scott T. Phillips
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
United States
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35
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Nuñez SA, Yeung K, Fox NS, Phillips ST. A Structurally Simple Self-Immolative Reagent That Provides Three Distinct, Simultaneous Responses per Detection Event. J Org Chem 2011; 76:10099-113. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2018763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean A. Nuñez
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Kimy Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Nicole S. Fox
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Scott T. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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36
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Abstract
The early detection of many human diseases is crucial if they are to be treated successfully. Therefore, the development of imaging techniques that can facilitate early detection of disease is of high importance. Changes in the levels of enzyme expression are known to occur in many diseases, making their accurate detection at low concentrations an area of considerable active research. Activatable fluorescent probes show immense promise in this area. If properly designed they should exhibit no signal until they interact with their target enzyme, reducing the level of background fluorescence and potentially endowing them with greater sensitivity. The mechanisms of fluorescence changes in activatable probes vary. This review aims to survey the field of activatable probes, focusing on their mechanisms of action as well as illustrating some of the in vitro and in vivo settings in which they have been employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Drake
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Suite 350, Box 0946, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
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37
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DeWit MA, Gillies ER. Design, synthesis, and cyclization of 4-aminobutyric acid derivatives: potential candidates as self-immolative spacers. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1846-54. [PMID: 21267507 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00890g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Self-immolative spacers have gained significant interest in recent years due to their utility in numerous prodrug, sensor and drug delivery systems. However, there are a very limited number of spacers that are capable of undergoing spontaneous and rapid reactions under mild conditions. To address this need, 4-aminobutyric acid derivatives were explored as a potential class of self-immolative spacers. Using a modular approach, eleven N- and α-substituted derivatives of 4-aminobutyric acid were synthesized, and their intramolecular cyclizations to γ-lactams were studied. Kinetics experiments were carried out at physiological pH and temperature, and the observed half-lives for the spacers ranged from 2 to 39 s, depending on the molecular structure. In addition, the pH dependence of the cyclization rate was also explored and it was found that cyclization still occurred rapidly at mildly acidic pH. Therefore, this class of compounds exhibits promise for incorporation into a variety of self-immolative systems where rapid cyclization reactions are desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A DeWit
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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38
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Kočí J, Grandclaude V, Massonneau M, Richard JA, Romieu A, Renard PY. A novel and unusually long-lived chemiluminophore based on the 7-hydroxycoumarin scaffold. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:6713-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11919b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Lavis LD, Chao TY, Raines RT. Synthesis and utility of fluorogenic acetoxymethyl ethers. Chem Sci 2011; 2:521-530. [PMID: 21394227 PMCID: PMC3049939 DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic fluorophores such as fluorescein, Tokyo Green, resorufin, and their derivatives are workhorses of biological science. Acylating the phenolic hydroxyl group(s) in these fluorophores masks their fluorescence. The ensuing ester is a substrate for cellular esterases, which can restore fluorescence. These esters are, however, notoriously unstable to hydrolysis, severely compromising their utility. The acetoxymethyl (AM) group is an esterase-sensitive motif that can mask polar functionalities in small molecules. Here, we report on the use of AM ether groups to mask phenolic fluorophores. The resulting profluorophores have a desirable combination of low background fluorescence, high chemical stability, and high enzymatic reactivity, both in vitro and in cellulo. These simple phenyl ether-based profluorophores could supplement or supplant the use of phenyl esters for imaging biochemical and biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke D. Lavis
- Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn VA 20147, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Tzu-Yuan Chao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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40
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Blencowe CA, Russell AT, Greco F, Hayes W, Thornthwaite DW. Self-immolative linkers in polymeric delivery systems. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00324g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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41
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42
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Warther D, Bolze F, Léonard J, Gug S, Specht A, Puliti D, Sun XH, Kessler P, Lutz Y, Vonesch JL, Winsor B, Nicoud JF, Goeldner M. Live-Cell One- and Two-Photon Uncaging of a Far-Red Emitting Acridinone Fluorophore. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:2585-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9074562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Warther
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - Frédéric Bolze
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - Jérémie Léonard
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - Sylvestre Gug
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - Alexandre Specht
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - David Puliti
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - Xiao-Hua Sun
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - Pascal Kessler
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - Yves Lutz
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - Jean-Luc Vonesch
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - Barbara Winsor
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - Jean-François Nicoud
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - Maurice Goeldner
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
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Meyer Y, Richard JA, Delest B, Noack P, Renard PY, Romieu A. A comparative study of the self-immolation of para-aminobenzylalcohol and hemithioaminal-based linkers in the context of protease-sensitive fluorogenic probes. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:1777-80. [DOI: 10.1039/b926316k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shi W, Sun S, Li X, Ma H. Imaging Different Interactions of Mercury and Silver with Live Cells by a Designed Fluorescence Probe Rhodamine B Selenolactone. Inorg Chem 2009; 49:1206-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ic902192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shuna Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huimin Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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45
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Zhang XB, Waibel M, Hasserodt J. An Autoimmolative Spacer Allows First-Time Incorporation of a Unique Solid-State Fluorophore into a Detection Probe for Acyl Hydrolases. Chemistry 2009; 16:792-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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46
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An L, Wang S. Conjugated Polyelectrolytes as New Platforms for Drug Screening. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:1196-206. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pianowski Z, Gorska K, Oswald L, Merten CA, Winssinger N. Imaging of mRNA in Live Cells Using Nucleic Acid-Templated Reduction of Azidorhodamine Probes. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:6492-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja809656k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Pianowski
- Institut de Science et Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS − UMR 7006), Université de Strasbourg – CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Katarzyna Gorska
- Institut de Science et Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS − UMR 7006), Université de Strasbourg – CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurence Oswald
- Institut de Science et Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS − UMR 7006), Université de Strasbourg – CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christoph A. Merten
- Institut de Science et Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS − UMR 7006), Université de Strasbourg – CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Institut de Science et Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS − UMR 7006), Université de Strasbourg – CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Richard JA, Jean L, Schenkels C, Massonneau M, Romieu A, Renard PY. Self-cleavable chemiluminescent probes suitable for protease sensing. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:2941-57. [DOI: 10.1039/b905725k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Richard JA, Massonneau M, Renard PY, Romieu A. 7-Hydroxycoumarin−Hemicyanine Hybrids: A New Class of Far-Red Emitting Fluorogenic Dyes. Org Lett 2008; 10:4175-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ol801582w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Alexandre Richard
- Equipe de Chimie Bio-Organique, Université de Rouen, Place Emile Blondel, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, UMR CNRS 6014, COBRA, IRCOF, rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, and QUIDD, Technopôle du Madrillet, 50, rue Ettore Bugatti, 76800 Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray, France
| | - Marc Massonneau
- Equipe de Chimie Bio-Organique, Université de Rouen, Place Emile Blondel, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, UMR CNRS 6014, COBRA, IRCOF, rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, and QUIDD, Technopôle du Madrillet, 50, rue Ettore Bugatti, 76800 Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Renard
- Equipe de Chimie Bio-Organique, Université de Rouen, Place Emile Blondel, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, UMR CNRS 6014, COBRA, IRCOF, rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, and QUIDD, Technopôle du Madrillet, 50, rue Ettore Bugatti, 76800 Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray, France
| | - Anthony Romieu
- Equipe de Chimie Bio-Organique, Université de Rouen, Place Emile Blondel, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, UMR CNRS 6014, COBRA, IRCOF, rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, and QUIDD, Technopôle du Madrillet, 50, rue Ettore Bugatti, 76800 Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray, France
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