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Maschio R, Buonsanti F, Crivellin F, Ferretti F, Lattuada L, Maisano F, Orio L, Pizzuto L, Campanella R, Clouet A, Cavallotti C, Giovenzana GB. Improved synthesis of DA364, an NIR fluorescence RGD probe targeting α vβ 3 integrin. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8584-8592. [PMID: 37855098 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01206a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging (OI) is gaining increasing attention in medicine as a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technology and as a useful tool for image-guided surgery. OI exploits the light emitted in the near-infrared region by fluorescent molecules able to penetrate living tissues. Cyanines are an important class of fluorescent molecules and by their conjugation to peptides it is possible to achieve optical imaging of tumours by selective targeting. We report here the improvements obtained in the synthesis of DA364, a small fluorescent probe (1.5 kDa) prepared by conjugation of pentamethine cyanine Cy5.5 to an RGD peptidomimetic, which can target tumour cells overexpressing integrin αvβ3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Maschio
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Federica Buonsanti
- Bracco Imaging Spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, TO, Italy.
| | - Federico Crivellin
- Bracco Imaging Spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, TO, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Ferretti
- Bracco Imaging Spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, TO, Italy.
| | - Luciano Lattuada
- Bracco Imaging Spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, TO, Italy.
| | - Federico Maisano
- Bracco Imaging Spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, TO, Italy.
| | - Laura Orio
- Bracco Imaging Spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, TO, Italy.
| | - Lorena Pizzuto
- Bracco Imaging Spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, TO, Italy.
| | - Raphael Campanella
- Bracco Suisse SA, Route de la Galaise 31, 1228 Plan le Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Clouet
- Bracco Suisse SA, Route de la Galaise 31, 1228 Plan le Ouates, Switzerland
| | | | - Giovanni B Giovenzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- CAGE Chemicals Srl, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
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2
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Luo D, Wang X, Zeng S, Ramamurthy G, Burda C, Basilion JP. Prostate-specific membrane antigen targeted gold nanoparticles for prostate cancer radiotherapy: does size matter for targeted particles? Chem Sci 2019; 10:8119-8128. [PMID: 31588336 PMCID: PMC6764472 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02290b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of PSA testing, significantly more men have been diagnosed and treated for prostate cancer. Localized prostate cancer typically is treated with prostatectomy, however there is still a high risk of recurrence after surgery, and adjuvant radiation has been shown to mitigate disease progression. X-ray therapy is frequently used as an adjuvant to treat prostate cancer, but is an imperfect tool. In this report we describe the development of a targeted-radiosensitizing nanoparticle that significantly improves X-ray therapy. Taking advantage of the demonstrated radiosensitizing activity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) we developed targeted AuNPs and varied both surface ligand density and AuNP size to develop an optimized AuNP for X-ray radiotherapy. We conjugated a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting ligand, PSMA-1, to AuNPs and found that the targeting ligand dramatically improved gold uptake by PSMA-expressing PC3pip cells compared with PC3flu cells lacking the PSMA receptors. Further, enhancement of radiotherapy was significantly more pronounced by internalization of smaller PSMA targeted-AuNPs. Our studies provide a foundation for design of size-selected AuNPs for targeted radiotherapy and, for the first time, systematically investigate both the effect of ligand and AuNP size on the cell uptake, tumor targeting and radiotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Luo
- Department of Radiology , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA .
| | - Xinning Wang
- Department of Radiology , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA .
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Sophia Zeng
- Department of Radiology , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA .
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA .
| | | | - Clemens Burda
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA .
| | - James P Basilion
- Department of Radiology , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA .
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
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3
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Schnittert J, Bansal R, Storm G, Prakash J. Integrins in wound healing, fibrosis and tumor stroma: High potential targets for therapeutics and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:37-53. [PMID: 29414674 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process, which ultimately leads to fibrosis if not repaired well. Pathologically very similar to fibrosis is the tumor stroma, found in several solid tumors which are regarded as wounds that do not heal. Integrins are heterodimeric surface receptors which control various physiological cellular functions. Additionally, integrins also sense ECM-induced extracellular changes during pathological events, leading to cellular responses, which influence ECM remodeling. The purpose and scope of this review is to introduce integrins as key targets for therapeutics and drug delivery within the scope of wound healing, fibrosis and the tumor stroma. This review provides a general introduction to the biology of integrins including their types, ligands, means of signaling and interaction with growth factor receptors. Furthermore, we highlight integrins as key targets for therapeutics and drug delivery, based on their biological role, expression pattern within human tissues and at cellular level. Next, therapeutic approaches targeting integrins, with a focus on clinical studies, and targeted drug delivery strategies based on ligands are described.
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4
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Basu U, Banik B, Wen R, Pathak RK, Dhar S. The Platin-X series: activation, targeting, and delivery. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:12992-3004. [PMID: 27493131 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01738j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer platinum (Pt) complexes have long been considered to be one of the biggest success stories in the history of medicinal inorganic chemistry. Yet there remains the hunt for the "magic bullet" which can satisfy the requirements of an effective chemotherapeutic drug formulation. Pt(iv) complexes are kinetically more inert than the Pt(ii) congeners and offer the opportunity to append additional functional groups/ligands for prodrug activation, tumor targeting, or drug delivery. The ultimate aim of functionalization is to enhance the tumor selective action and attenuate systemic toxicity of the drugs. Moreover, an increase in cellular accumulation to surmount the resistance of the tumor against the drugs is also of paramount importance in drug development and discovery. In this review, we will address the attempts made in our lab to develop Pt(iv) prodrugs that can be activated and delivered using targeted nanotechnology-based delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttara Basu
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Bhabatosh Banik
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ru Wen
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rakesh K Pathak
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Shanta Dhar
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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5
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Bernhagen D, De Laporte L, Timmerman P. High-Affinity RGD-Knottin Peptide as a New Tool for Rapid Evaluation of the Binding Strength of Unlabeled RGD-Peptides to α vβ 3, α vβ 5, and α 5β 1 Integrin Receptors. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5991-5997. [PMID: 28492301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe a highly sensitive competition ELISA to measure integrin-binding of RGD-peptides in high-throughput without using cells, ECM-proteins, or antibodies. The assay measures (nonlabeled) RGD-peptides' ability to inhibit binding of a biotinylated "knottin"-RGD peptide to surface-immobilized integrins and, thus, enables quantification of the binding strength of high-, medium-, and low-affinity RGD-binders. We introduced the biotinylated knottin-RGD peptide instead of biotinylated cyclo[RGDfK] (as reported by Piras et al.), as integrin-binding was much stronger and clearly detectable for all three integrins. In order to maximize sensitivity and cost-efficiency, we first optimized several parameters, such as integrin-immobilization levels, knottin-RGD concentration, buffer compositions, type of detection tag (biotin, His- or cMyc-tag), and spacer length. We thereby identified two key factors, that is, (i) the critical spacer length (longer than Gly) and (ii) the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in all incubation and washing buffers. Binding of knottin-RGD peptide was strongest for αvβ3 but also detectable for both αvβ5 and α5β1, while binding of biotinylated cyclo[RGDfK] was very weak and only detectable for αvβ3. For assay validation, we finally determined IC50 values for three unlabeled peptides, that is: (i) linear GRGDS, (ii) cyclo[RGDfK], and (iii) the knottin-RGD itself for binding to three different integrin receptors (αvβ3, αvβ5, α5β1). Major benefits of the novel assay are (i) the extremely low consumption of integrin (50 ng/peptide), (ii) the fact that neither antibodies/ECM-proteins nor integrin-expressing cells are required for detection, and (iii) its suitability for high-throughput screening of (RGD-)peptide libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Bernhagen
- Pepscan Therapeutics , Zuidersluisweg 2, 8243 RC, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Timmerman
- Pepscan Therapeutics , Zuidersluisweg 2, 8243 RC, Lelystad, The Netherlands.,Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam , Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Brillault L, Jutras PV, Dashti N, Thuenemann EC, Morgan G, Lomonossoff GP, Landsberg MJ, Sainsbury F. Engineering Recombinant Virus-like Nanoparticles from Plants for Cellular Delivery. ACS NANO 2017; 11:3476-3484. [PMID: 28198180 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding capsid assembly following recombinant expression of viral structural proteins is critical to the design and modification of virus-like nanoparticles for biomedical and nanotechnology applications. Here, we use plant-based transient expression of the Bluetongue virus (BTV) structural proteins, VP3 and VP7, to obtain high yields of empty and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-encapsidating core-like particles (CLPs) from leaves. Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy of both types of particles revealed considerable differences in CLP structure compared to the crystal structure of infection-derived CLPs; in contrast, the two recombinant CLPs have an identical external structure. Using this insight, we exploited the unencumbered pore at the 5-fold axis of symmetry and the absence of encapsidated RNA to label the interior of empty CLPs with a fluorescent bioconjugate. CLPs containing 120 GFP molecules and those containing approximately 150 dye molecules were both shown to bind human integrin via a naturally occurring Arg-Gly-Asp motif found on an exposed loop of the VP7 trimeric spike. Furthermore, fluorescently labeled CLPs were shown to interact with a cell line overexpressing the surface receptor. Thus, BTV CLPs present themselves as a useful tool in targeted cargo delivery. These results highlight the importance of detailed structural analysis of VNPs in validating their molecular organization and the value of such analyses in aiding their design and further modification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eva C Thuenemann
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre , Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norfolk NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | | | - George P Lomonossoff
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre , Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norfolk NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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7
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Fan X, Zhang W, Hu Z, Li Z. Facile synthesis of RGD-conjugated unimolecular micelles based on a polyester dendrimer for targeting drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:1062-1072. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02234k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD)-conjugated core–shell amphipilic copolymers were synthesized as unimolecular micelles for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Fan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
| | - Zhiguo Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)
- Innovis
- Singapore
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8
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Pilkington-Miksa M, Araldi EMV, Arosio D, Belvisi L, Civera M, Manzoni L. New potent αvβ3 integrin ligands based on azabicycloalkane (γ,α)-dipeptide mimics. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3221-33. [PMID: 26917057 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00287k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have designed a new synthetic strategy for the preparation of a new class of cyclic RGD integrin ligands in which the azabicycloalkane scaffold can be envisaged as a (γ,α) dipeptide mimic. The synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of these RGD derivatives, as well as the computational study of their conformational properties and binding modes to αVβ3 integrin are described. Compound has shown to be a promising candidate as αVβ3 integrin antagonist able to interfere with both cell adhesion and movement on vitronectin with no evidence of cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pilkington-Miksa
- Centro Interdisciplinare Studi Biomolecolari e Applicazioni Industriali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fantoli 16/15, I-20138, Milano
| | - E M V Araldi
- Centro Interdisciplinare Studi Biomolecolari e Applicazioni Industriali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fantoli 16/15, I-20138, Milano
| | - D Arosio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133, Milano.
| | - L Belvisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133, Milano
| | - M Civera
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133, Milano
| | - L Manzoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133, Milano.
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9
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Bianchi A, Arosio D, Perego P, De Cesare M, Carenini N, Zaffaroni N, De Matteo M, Manzoni L. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel dimeric and tetrameric cRGD-paclitaxel conjugates for integrin-assisted drug delivery. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:7530-41. [PMID: 26074454 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00497g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are associated with tumour cell survival and progression, and their expression has been shown to be increased in tumours. Thus, four novel conjugates of the tripeptide integrin ligand Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) and the cytotoxic agent paclitaxel (cRGD-PTX) were prepared to investigate the potential of the multivalent presentation of the RGD moiety in improving the antitumor efficacy of PTX by tumour targeting. PTX was conjugated to two or four integrin recognizing ligands. The influence of multivalent presentation on in vitro αvβ3-receptor affinity was confirmed. For all the conjugates compared to the previously synthesized monovalent counterparts, an enhancement of the binding strength was observed; this behaviour was more pronounced when considering the tetravalent presented RGD-conjugate. Cell growth inhibition assays on a panel of human tumour cell lines showed remarkable cytotoxic activity for all conjugates with IC50 values in a nanomolar range. Among the four conjugates, the bivalent derivative 3b was selected for in vivo studies in an ovarian carcinoma cell model xenografted in immunodeficient mice. A marked antitumor activity was observed, similar to that of PTX, but with a much more favourable toxicity profile. Overall, the novel cRGD-PTX conjugates disclosed here represent promising candidates for further advancement in the domain of targeted anti-tumour therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bianchi
- Centro Interdipartimentale Studi Biomolecolari e Applicazioni Industriali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fantoli 16/15, I-20138 Milano, Italy
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10
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Arosio D, Casagrande C. Advancement in integrin facilitated drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 97:111-43. [PMID: 26686830 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The research of integrin-targeted anticancer agents has recorded important advancements in ingenious design of delivery systems, based either on the prodrug approach, or on nanoparticle carriers, but for now, none of these has reached a clinical stage of development. Past work in this area has been extensively reviewed by us and others. Thus, the purpose and scope of the present review is to survey the advancement reported in the last 3years, with focus on innovative delivery systems that appear to afford openings for future developments. These systems exploit the labelling with conventional and novel integrin ligands for targeting the interface of cancer cells and of endothelial cells involved in cancer angiogenesis, with the proteins of the extracellular matrix, in the circulation, in tissues, and in tumour stroma, as the site of progression and metastatic evolution of the disease. Furthermore, these systems implement the expertise in the development of nanomedicines to the purpose of achieving preferential biodistribution and uptake in cancer tissues, internalisation in cancer cells, and release of the transported drugs at intracellular sites. The assessment of the value of controlling these factors, and their combination, for future developments requires support of biological testing in appropriate mechanistic models, but also imperatively demand confirmation in therapeutically relevant in vivo models for biodistribution, efficacy, and lack of off-target effects. Thus, among many studies, we have tried to point out the results supported by relevant in vivo studies, and we have emphasised in specific sections those addressing the medical needs of drug delivery to brain tumours, as well as the delivery of oligonucleotides modulating gene-dependent pathological mechanism. The latter could constitute the basis of a promising third branch in the therapeutic armamentarium against cancer, in addition to antibody-based agents and to cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Arosio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), CNR, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Cesare Casagrande
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
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11
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Khashper A, Lubell WD. Design, synthesis, conformational analysis and application of indolizidin-2-one dipeptide mimics. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:5052-70. [PMID: 24899358 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00777h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growth in the field of peptide mimicry over the past few decades has resulted in the synthesis of many new compounds and the investigation of novel pharmacological agents. Azabicyclo[X.Y.0]alkanone amino acids are among the attractive classes of constrained mimics, because they can create rigid peptide structures for probing the conformation and roles of natural motifs in recognition events important for biological activity. Herein, we review the last ten years of the synthesis, conformational analysis and activity of analogs of the azabicyclo[4.3.0]alkan-2-one amino acid subclass, so-called indolizidin-2-one amino acids, with particular attention on their employment as inputs for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkady Khashper
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Liao YT, Liu CH, Yu J, Wu KCW. Liver cancer cells: targeting and prolonged-release drug carriers consisting of mesoporous silica nanoparticles and alginate microspheres. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2767-78. [PMID: 24940057 PMCID: PMC4051719 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s60171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A new microsphere consisting of inorganic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and organic alginate (denoted as MSN@Alg) was successfully synthesized by air-dynamic atomization and applied to the intracellular drug delivery systems (DDS) of liver cancer cells with sustained release and specific targeting properties. MSN@Alg microspheres have the advantages of MSN and alginate, where MSN provides a large surface area for high drug loading and alginate provides excellent biocompatibility and COOH functionality for specific targeting. Rhodamine 6G was used as a model drug, and the sustained release behavior of the rhodamine 6G-loaded MSN@Alg microspheres can be prolonged up to 20 days. For targeting therapy, the anticancer drug doxorubicin was loaded into MSN@Alg microspheres, and the (lysine)4-tyrosine-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (K4YRGD) peptide was functionalized onto the surface of MSN@Alg for targeting liver cancer cells, hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2). The results of the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy indicate that the MSN@Alg microspheres were successfully uptaken by HepG2 without apparent cytotoxicity. In addition, the intracellular drug delivery efficiency was greatly enhanced (ie, 3.5-fold) for the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-labeled, doxorubicin-loaded MSN@Alg drug delivery system compared with the non-RGD case. The synthesized MSN@Alg microspheres show great potential as drug vehicles with high biocompatibility, sustained release, and targeting features for future intracellular DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Te Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Liu
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jiashing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kevin C-W Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan ; Division of Medical Engineering Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County, Taiwan
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13
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Convenient synthesis of heterobifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) suitable for the functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5006-10. [PMID: 23860589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward route is proposed for the multi-gram scale synthesis of heterobifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) oligomers containing combination of triethyloxysilane extremity for surface modification of metal oxides and amino or azido active end groups for further functionalization. The suitability of these PEG derivatives to be conjugated to nanomaterials was shown by pegylation of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles (NPs), followed by functionalization with small peptide ligands for biomedical applications.
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14
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Menichetti L, Kusmic C, Panetta D, Arosio D, Petroni D, Matteucci M, Salvadori PA, Casagrande C, L’Abbate A, Manzoni L. MicroPET/CT imaging of αvβ3 integrin via a novel 68Ga-NOTA-RGD peptidomimetic conjugate in rat myocardial infarction. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2013; 40:1265-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-013-2432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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15
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Caprini A, Silva D, Zanoni I, Cunha C, Volontè C, Vescovi A, Gelain F. A novel bioactive peptide: assessing its activity over murine neural stem cells and its potential for neural tissue engineering. N Biotechnol 2013; 30:552-62. [PMID: 23541699 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The design of biomimetic scaffolds suitable for cell-based therapies is a fundamental step for the regeneration of the damaged nervous system; indeed growing interest is focusing on the discovery of peptide sequences to modulate the fate of transplanted cells and, in particular, the differentiation outcome of multipotent neural stem cells. By applying the Phage Display technique to murine neural stem cells we isolated a peptide, KLPGWSG, present in proteins involved in both stem cell maintenance and differentiation. We show that KLPGWSG binds molecules expressed on the cell surface of murine adult neural stem cells, thus may potentially be involved in stem cell fate determination. Indeed we demonstrated that this peptide in solution enhances per se cell differentiation toward the neuronal phenotype. Hence, we synthesized two LDLK-12-based self-assembling peptides functionalized with KLPGWSG peptide (KLP and Ac-KLP) and characterized them via atomic force microscopy, rheometry and circular dichroism, obtaining nanostructured hydrogels supporting murine neural stem cells differentiation in vitro. Interestingly, we demonstrated that, when scaffold stiffness is comparable to that of the brain in vivo, the Ac-KLP SAP-based scaffold enhances the neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells. These evidences place both KLPGWSG and the functionalized self-assembling peptide Ac-KLP as promising candidates for, respectively, biomimetic studies and stem cell therapies for nervous regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Caprini
- Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering, A.O. Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan 20162, Italy
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16
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Ranyuk E, Cauchon N, Klarskov K, Guérin B, van Lier JE. Phthalocyanine–Peptide Conjugates: Receptor-Targeting Bifunctional Agents for Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy. J Med Chem 2013; 56:1520-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301311c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ranyuk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology and ‡Department of Pharmacology Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec,
Canada
| | - Nicole Cauchon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology and ‡Department of Pharmacology Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec,
Canada
| | - Klaus Klarskov
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology and ‡Department of Pharmacology Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec,
Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology and ‡Department of Pharmacology Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec,
Canada
| | - Johan E. van Lier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology and ‡Department of Pharmacology Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec,
Canada
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RGD-Binding Integrins in Prostate Cancer: Expression Patterns and Therapeutic Prospects against Bone Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2012; 4:1106-45. [PMID: 24213501 PMCID: PMC3712721 DOI: 10.3390/cancers4041106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the third leading cause of male cancer deaths in the developed world. The current lack of highly specific detection methods and efficient therapeutic agents for advanced disease have been identified as problems requiring further research. The integrins play a vital role in the cross-talk between the cell and extracellular matrix, enhancing the growth, migration, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Progression and metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma is strongly associated with changes in integrin expression, notably abnormal expression and activation of the β3 integrins in tumour cells, which promotes haematogenous spread and tumour growth in bone. As such, influencing integrin cell expression and function using targeted therapeutics represents a potential treatment for bone metastasis, the most common and debilitating complication of advanced prostate cancer. In this review, we highlight the multiple ways in which RGD-binding integrins contribute to prostate cancer progression and metastasis, and identify the rationale for development of multi-integrin antagonists targeting the RGD-binding subfamily as molecularly targeted agents for its treatment.
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Lanzardo S, Conti L, Brioschi C, Bartolomeo MP, Arosio D, Belvisi L, Manzoni L, Maiocchi A, Maisano F, Forni G. A new optical imaging probe targeting αVβ3 integrin in glioblastoma xenografts. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2012; 6:449-58. [PMID: 22144022 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
α(V)β(3) Integrins are a widely recognized target for in vivo molecular imaging of pathological conditions such as inflammation, cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. We have evaluated the sensitivity of a new, near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF), RGD cyclic probe (DA364) in noninvasive detection of α(V) β(3) integrin-overexpressing tumors. DA364's binding affinity for α(V)β(3) integrin was first evaluated in vitro. Human α(V)β(3) integrin-positive, U-87 MG glioblastoma cells were then xenografted in nude mice, and DA364 was injected intravenously (i.v.) to evaluate its in vivo distribution, specificity and sensitivity in comparison with a commercially available probe. DA364 bound α(V)β(3) integrin on U-87 MG cells with high affinity and specificity, both in vitro and in vivo. This binding specificity was corroborated by the strong inhibition of its tumor uptake induced by nonfluorescent, cyclic-RGD peptides. Ex vivo analysis showed that DA364 accumulated at the tumor site, whereas very low levels were detected in liver and spleen. In conclusion, DA364 allows sensitive and specific detection of transplantable glioblastoma by NIRF imaging, and is thus a promising candidate for the elaboration of imaging and therapeutic probes for α(V)β(3) integrin-overexpressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Lanzardo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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19
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Manzoni L, Belvisi L, Arosio D, Bartolomeo MP, Bianchi A, Brioschi C, Buonsanti F, Cabella C, Casagrande C, Civera M, De Matteo M, Fugazza L, Lattuada L, Maisano F, Miragoli L, Neira C, Pilkington-Miksa M, Scolastico C. Synthesis of Gd and68Ga Complexes in Conjugation with a Conformationally Optimized RGD Sequence as Potential MRI and PET Tumor-Imaging Probes. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1084-93. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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20
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Arosio D, Manzoni L, Araldi EMV, Scolastico C. Cyclic RGD functionalized gold nanoparticles for tumor targeting. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:664-72. [PMID: 21434651 DOI: 10.1021/bc100448r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Integrin α(v)β(3) is an adhesion molecule involved in physiological and pathological angiogenesis as well as tumor invasion and metastasis. Therefore, it is considered an important target for molecular imaging and delivery of therapeutics for cancer, and there is a strong interest in developing novel agents interacting with this protein. Nevertheless, the interaction of individual ligands is often still weak for efficient tumor targeting, and many research groups have synthesized multivalent displays in order to overcome this problem. Gold nanoparticles can be considered a smart platform for polyvalent presentation on account of their globular shape, tunable size, facile surface chemistry, and biocompatibility. Moreover, their unique physical properties render gold nanoparticles ideal candidates for tumor diagnosis and therapy. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles functionalized with cRGD integrin ligand and their employment for targeting human cancer cells expressing α(v)β(3) integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Arosio
- CNR-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari ( ISTM ), Via Fantoli 16/15, I-20138, Milan, Italy.
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21
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Pandita D, Santos JL, Rodrigues J, Pêgo AP, Granja PL, Tomás H. Gene delivery into mesenchymal stem cells: a biomimetic approach using RGD nanoclusters based on poly(amidoamine) dendrimers. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:472-81. [PMID: 21210673 DOI: 10.1021/bm1012647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (generations 5 and 6) with amine termini were conjugated with peptides containing the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence having in view their application as gene delivery vectors. The idea behind the work was to take advantage of the cationic nature of dendrimers and of the integrin targeting capabilities of the RGD motif to improve gene delivery. Dendrimers were used as scaffolds for RGD clustering and, by controlling the number of peptides (4, 8, and 16) linked to each dendrimer, it was possible to evaluate the effect of RGD density on the gene delivery process. The new vectors were characterized in respect to their ability to neutralize and compact plasmid DNA (pDNA). The complexes formed by the vectors and pDNA were studied concerning their size, zeta potential, capacity of being internalized by cells and ability of transferring genes. Transfection efficiency was analyzed, first, by using a pDNA encoding for Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein and Firefly Luciferase and, second, by using a pDNA encoding for Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2. Gene expression in mesenchymal stem cells was enhanced using the new vectors in comparison to native dendrimers and was shown to be dependent on the electrostatic interaction established between the dendrimer moiety and the cell surface, as well as on the RGD density of nanoclusters. The use of dendrimer scaffolds for RGD cluster formation is a new approach that can be extended beyond gene delivery applications, whenever RGD clustering is important for modulating cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Pandita
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, Funchal, Portugal
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22
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Potenza D, Vasile F, Belvisi L, Civera M, Araldi EMV. STD and trNOESY NMR Study of Receptor-Ligand Interactions in Living Cancer Cells. Chembiochem 2011; 12:695-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Wang Y, Yang T, Wang X, Dai W, Wang J, Zhang X, Li Z, Zhang Q. Materializing sequential killing of tumor vasculature and tumor cells via targeted polymeric micelle system. J Control Release 2011; 149:299-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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24
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Colombo M, Bianchi A. Click chemistry for the synthesis of RGD-containing integrin ligands. Molecules 2010; 15:178-97. [PMID: 20110882 PMCID: PMC6256992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 12/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years click chemistry reactions, and in particular copper-catalyzed cycloadditions, have been used intensively for the preparation of new bioconjugate molecules and materials applicable to biomedical and pharmaceutical areas. This review will be focused on conjugates of the tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp formed by means of click chemistry reactions. This sequence is a well known binding motif for specific transmembrane proteins and is involved in cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix, allowing the selective recognition of the biomolecule or polymer in which it is incorporated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Colombo
- NiKem Research, via Zambeletti 25, 20021 Baranzate, Milan, Italy
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Fax: +39-235694-7606
| | - Aldo Bianchi
- Consorzio Interdisciplinare di Studi Biomolecolari ed Applicazioni Industriali (CISI), Via Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy; E-Mail: (A.B.)
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