1
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Ragothaman M, Yoo SY. Engineered Phage-Based Cancer Vaccines: Current Advances and Future Directions. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050919. [PMID: 37243023 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages have emerged as versatile tools in the field of bioengineering, with enormous potential in tissue engineering, vaccine development, and immunotherapy. The genetic makeup of phages can be harnessed for the development of novel DNA vaccines and antigen display systems, as they can provide a highly organized and repetitive presentation of antigens to immune cells. Bacteriophages have opened new possibilities for the targeting of specific molecular determinants of cancer cells. Phages can be used as anticancer agents and carriers of imaging molecules and therapeutics. In this review, we explored the role of bacteriophages and bacteriophage engineering in targeted cancer therapy. The question of how the engineered bacteriophages can interact with the biological and immunological systems is emphasized to comprehend the underlying mechanism of phage use in cancer immunotherapy. The effectiveness of phage display technology in identifying high-affinity ligands for substrates, such as cancer cells and tumor-associated molecules, and the emerging field of phage engineering and its potential in the development of effective cancer treatments are discussed. We also highlight phage usage in clinical trials as well as the related patents. This review provides a new insight into engineered phage-based cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Ragothaman
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Yoo
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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2
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Lee YCJ, Shirkey JD, Park J, Bisht K, Cowan AJ. An Overview of Antiviral Peptides and Rational Biodesign Considerations. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2022; 2022:9898241. [PMID: 37850133 PMCID: PMC10521750 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9898241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases have contributed significantly to worldwide morbidity and mortality throughout history. Despite the existence of therapeutic treatments for many viral infections, antiviral resistance and the threat posed by novel viruses highlight the need for an increased number of effective therapeutics. In addition to small molecule drugs and biologics, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent an emerging class of potential antiviral therapeutics. While AMPs have traditionally been regarded in the context of their antibacterial activities, many AMPs are now known to be antiviral. These antiviral peptides (AVPs) have been shown to target and perturb viral membrane envelopes and inhibit various stages of the viral life cycle, from preattachment inhibition through viral release from infected host cells. Rational design of AMPs has also proven effective in identifying highly active and specific peptides and can aid in the discovery of lead peptides with high therapeutic selectivity. In this review, we highlight AVPs with strong antiviral activity largely curated from a publicly available AMP database. We then compile the sequences present in our AVP database to generate structural predictions of generic AVP motifs. Finally, we cover the rational design approaches available for AVPs taking into account approaches currently used for the rational design of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chiang J. Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Jaden D. Shirkey
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Jongbeom Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Karishma Bisht
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Alexis J. Cowan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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3
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Seol D, Jang D, Cha K, Oh JW, Chung H. Use of Multiple Bacteriophage-Based Structural Color Sensors to Improve Accuracy for Discrimination of Geographical Origins of Agricultural Products. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21030986. [PMID: 33540631 PMCID: PMC7867267 DOI: 10.3390/s21030986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A single M13 bacteriophage color sensor was previously utilized for discriminating the geographical origins of agricultural products (garlic, onion, and perilla). The resulting discrimination accuracy was acceptable, ranging from 88.6% to 94.0%. To improve the accuracy further, the use of three separate M13 bacteriophage color sensors containing different amino acid residues providing unique individual color changes (Wild sensor: glutamic acid (E)-glycine (G)-aspartic acid (D), WHW sensor: tryptophan (W)-histidine (H)-tryptophan (W), 4E sensor: four repeating glutamic acids (E)) was proposed. This study was driven by the possibility of enhancing sample discrimination by combining mutually characteristic and complimentary RGB signals obtained from each color sensor, which resulted from dissimilar interactions of sample odors with the employed color sensors. When each color sensor was used individually, the discrimination accuracy based on support vector machine (SVM) ranged from 91.8–94.0%, 88.6–90.3%, and 89.8–92.1% for garlic, onion, and perilla samples, respectively. Accuracy improved to 98.0%, 97.5%, and 97.1%, respectively, by integrating all of the RGB signals acquired from the three color sensors. Therefore, the proposed strategy was effective for improving sample discriminability. To further examine the dissimilar responses of each color sensor to odor molecules, typical odor components in the samples (allyl disulfide, allyl methyl disulfide, and perillaldehyde) were measured using each color sensor, and differences in RGB signals were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daun Seol
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Daeil Jang
- Department of Mathematics and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Kyungjoon Cha
- Department of Mathematics and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Oh
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hoeil Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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4
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Tridgett M, Lloyd JR, Kennefick J, Moore-Kelly C, Dafforn TR. Mutation of M13 Bacteriophage Major Coat Protein for Increased Conjugation to Exogenous Compounds. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1872-1875. [PMID: 29800521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the past ten years there has been increasing interest in the conjugation of exogenous compounds to the surface of the M13 bacteriophage. M13 offers a convenient scaffold for the development of nanoassemblies with useful functions, such as highly specific drug delivery and pathogen detection. However, the progress of these technologies has been hindered by the limited efficiency of conjugation to the bacteriophage. Here we generate a mutant version of M13 with an additional lysine residue expressed on the outer surface of the M13 major coat protein, pVIII. We show that this mutation is accommodated by the bacteriophage and that up to an additional 520 exogenous groups can be attached to the bacteriophage surface via amine-directed conjugation. These results could aid the development of high payload drug delivery nanoassemblies and pathogen detection systems with increased sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tridgett
- School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham , West Midlands , B15 2TT , United Kingdom
| | - James R Lloyd
- School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham , West Midlands , B15 2TT , United Kingdom
| | - Jack Kennefick
- School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham , West Midlands , B15 2TT , United Kingdom
| | - Charles Moore-Kelly
- School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham , West Midlands , B15 2TT , United Kingdom
| | - Timothy R Dafforn
- School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham , West Midlands , B15 2TT , United Kingdom
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5
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Lee JH, Warner CM, Jin HE, Barnes E, Poda AR, Perkins EJ, Lee SW. Production of tunable nanomaterials using hierarchically assembled bacteriophages. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:1999-2013. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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6
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Lee JH, Fan B, Samdin TD, Monteiro DA, Desai MS, Scheideler O, Jin HE, Kim S, Lee SW. Phage-Based Structural Color Sensors and Their Pattern Recognition Sensing System. ACS NANO 2017; 11:3632-3641. [PMID: 28355060 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian olfactory system provides great inspiration for the design of intelligent sensors. To this end, we have developed a bioinspired phage nanostructure-based color sensor array and a smartphone-based sensing network system. Using a M13 bacteriophage (phage) as a basic building block, we created structural color matrices that are composed of liquid-crystalline bundled nanofibers from self-assembled phages. The phages were engineered to express cross-responsive receptors on their major coat protein (pVIII), leading to rapid, detectable color changes upon exposure to various target chemicals, resulting in chemical- and concentration-dependent color fingerprints. Using these sensors, we have successfully detected 5-90% relative humidity with 0.2% sensitivity. In addition, after modification with aromatic receptors, we were able to distinguish between various structurally similar toxic chemicals including benzene, toluene, xylene, and aniline. Furthermore, we have developed a method of interpreting and disseminating results from these sensors using smartphones to establish a wireless system. Our phage-based sensor system has the potential to be very useful in improving national security and monitoring the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Benson Fan
- Bioinspira Inc. , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tuan D Samdin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David A Monteiro
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- University of California, Berkeley-University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Malav S Desai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Olivia Scheideler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hyo-Eon Jin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University , Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University , Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Wuk Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute , Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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7
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Bacteriophages and Their Immunological Applications against Infectious Threats. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:3780697. [PMID: 28484722 PMCID: PMC5412166 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3780697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage therapy dates back almost a century, but the discovery of antibiotics led to a rapid decline in the interests and investments within this field of research. Recently, the novel threat of multidrug-resistant bacteria highlighted the alarming drop in research and development of new antibiotics: 16 molecules were discovered during 1983–87, 10 new therapeutics during the nineties, and only 5 between 2003 and 2007. Phages are therefore being reconsidered as alternative therapeutics. Phage display technique has proved to be extremely promising for the identification of effective antibodies directed against pathogens, as well as for vaccine development. At the same time, conventional phage therapy uses lytic bacteriophages for treatment of infections and recent clinical trials have shown great potential. Moreover, several other approaches have been developed in vitro and in vivo using phage-derived proteins as antibacterial agents. Finally, their use has also been widely considered for public health surveillance, as biosensor phages can be used to detect food and water contaminations and prevent bacterial epidemics. These novel approaches strongly promote the idea that phages and their proteins can be exploited as an effective weapon in the near future, especially in a world which is on the brink of a “postantibiotic era.”
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8
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Moon JS, Kim WG, Shin DM, Lee SY, Kim C, Lee Y, Han J, Kim K, Yoo SY, Oh JW. Bioinspired M-13 bacteriophage-based photonic nose for differential cell recognition. Chem Sci 2016; 8:921-927. [PMID: 28572902 PMCID: PMC5452260 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02021f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A bioinspired M-13 bacteriophage-based photonic nose was developed for differential cell recognition.
A bioinspired M-13 bacteriophage-based photonic nose was developed for differential cell recognition. The M-13 bacteriophage-based photonic nose exhibits characteristic color patterns when phage bundle nanostructures, which were genetically modified to selectively capture vapor phase molecules, are structurally deformed. We characterized the color patterns of the phage bundle nanostructure in response to cell proliferation via several biomarkers differentially produced by cells, including hydrazine, o-xylene, ethylbenzene, ethanol and toluene. A specific color enables the successful identification of different types of molecular and cellular species. Our sensing technique utilized the versatile M-13 bacteriophage as a building block for fabricating bioinspired photonic crystals, which enables ease of fabrication and tunable selectivity through genetic engineering. Our simple and versatile bioinspired photonic nose could have possible applications in sensors for human health and national security, food discrimination, environmental monitoring, and portable and wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Sik Moon
- BK21 PLUS Nanoconvergence Technology Division , Pusan National University (PNU) , Busan , 46241 , Republic of Korea .
| | - Won-Geun Kim
- BK21 PLUS Nanoconvergence Technology Division , Pusan National University (PNU) , Busan , 46241 , Republic of Korea . .,Department of Nano Fusion Technology , Pusan National University (PNU) , Busan , 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Myeong Shin
- Research Center for Energy Convergence Technology , Pusan National University (PNU) , Busan , 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- BK21 PLUS Nanoconvergence Technology Division , Pusan National University (PNU) , Busan , 46241 , Republic of Korea . .,Department of Nano Fusion Technology , Pusan National University (PNU) , Busan , 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chuntae Kim
- BK21 PLUS Nanoconvergence Technology Division , Pusan National University (PNU) , Busan , 46241 , Republic of Korea . .,Department of Nano Fusion Technology , Pusan National University (PNU) , Busan , 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Lee
- BK21 PLUS Nanoconvergence Technology Division , Pusan National University (PNU) , Busan , 46241 , Republic of Korea . .,Department of Nano Fusion Technology , Pusan National University (PNU) , Busan , 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jiye Han
- BK21 PLUS Nanoconvergence Technology Division , Pusan National University (PNU) , Busan , 46241 , Republic of Korea . .,Department of Nano Fusion Technology , Pusan National University (PNU) , Busan , 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyujung Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering , Pusan National University (PNU) , Busan , 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Yoo
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute , Pusan National University (PNU) , Busan , 46241 , Republic of Korea . .,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology , Pusan National University (PNU) , Yangsan Hospital , Yangsan , 50612 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Oh
- BK21 PLUS Nanoconvergence Technology Division , Pusan National University (PNU) , Busan , 46241 , Republic of Korea . .,Department of Nano Fusion Technology , Pusan National University (PNU) , Busan , 46241 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanoenergy Engineering , Pusan National University (PNU) , Busan , 46241 , Republic of Korea
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9
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Scibilia S, Lentini G, Fazio E, Franco D, Neri F, Mezzasalma AM, Guglielmino SPP. Self-assembly of silver nanoparticles and bacteriophage. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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10
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Lee JY, Chung WJ, Kim G. A mechanically improved virus-based hybrid scaffold for bone tissue regeneration. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07054j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A hybrid scaffold (M13-phage/alginate and PCL) was proposed as a biomedical scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yoon Lee
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 440-746
- Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jae Chung
- Department of Genetic Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 440-746
- Republic of Korea
| | - GeunHyung Kim
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 440-746
- Republic of Korea
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11
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Lee DY, Lee H, Kim Y, Yoo SY, Chung WJ, Kim G. Phage as versatile nanoink for printing 3-D cell-laden scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2016; 29:112-124. [PMID: 26441128 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting is an emerging technology for producing tissue-mimetic 3-D structures using cell-containing hydrogels (bioink). Various synthetic and natural hydrogels with key characteristics, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, printability and crosslinkability, have been employed as ink materials in bioprinting. Choosing the right cell-containing "bioink" material is the most essential step for fabricating 3-D constructs with a controlled mechanical and biochemical microenvironment that can lead to successful tissue regeneration and repair. Here, we demonstrate that the genetically engineered M13 phage holds great potential for use as a versatile nanoink for printing 3-D cell-laden matrices. In particular, M13 phages displaying integrin-binding (GRGDS) and calcium-binding (DDYD) domains on their surface were blended with alginate to successfully form Ca(2+)-crosslinked hydrogels. Furthermore, 3-D cell-laden scaffolds with high cell viability were generated after optimizing the printing process. The MC3T3-E1 cells within these scaffolds showed enhanced proliferation and differentiation rates that increased proportionally with the concentration of phages in the 3-D matrices compared with the rates of cells in pure alginate scaffolds. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Bioprinting is an emerging technology for producing tissue-mimetic 3-D structures using cell-containing hydrogels called bioink. Choosing the right bioink is essential for fabricating 3-D structures with controlled mechanical and biochemical properties which lead to successful tissue regeneration. Therefore, there is a growing demand for a new bioink material that can be designed from molecular level. Here, we demonstrate that genetically engineered M13 phage holds great potential for use as versatile bioink. The phage-based bioink benefits from its replicability, self-assembling property, and tunable molecular design and enables bioprinted scaffolds to exhibit improved cell viability, proliferation and differentiation. This study opens the door for the development of genetically tunable nanofibrous bioink materials which closely mimic natural structural proteins in the extracellular matrix.
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12
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Lee JY, Chung J, Chung WJ, Kim G. Fabrication and in vitro biocompatibilities of fibrous biocomposites consisting of PCL and M13 bacteriophage-conjugated alginate for bone tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2015; 4:656-665. [PMID: 32262947 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01748c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As the M13 bacteriophage, which has integrin binding and calcium binding sites, provides topological cues from the nanofibrous shape and biochemical cues from the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence attached to the surface of fibrous phage, it has been recommended as a bioactive component for use in bone tissue engineering. However, although it has good biological activities, its low mechanical properties and low processing ability represent major issues that must be overcome before its use as a tissue engineering substitute. To overcome these issues, we chemically conjugated the M13 bacteriophage and alginate with a cross-linking agent and it was used as a bioactive component on electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) micro/nanofibres. Assessment of the physical properties and in vitro biocompatibility using osteoblast-like cells indicated that the biocomposite supplemented with the conjugated phage/alginate was mechanically enhanced, and the extent of mineralisation of cells on the composite was significantly higher compared to that on the fibrous composites fabricated using physically mixed M13 phage/alginate and RGD-modified alginate. These results indicate that M13 phage-conjugated alginate may have potential to be used as an excellent bioactive component for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yoon Lee
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Jin HE, Farr R, Lee SW. Collagen mimetic peptide engineered M13 bacteriophage for collagen targeting and imaging in cancer. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9236-45. [PMID: 25115789 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Collagens are over-expressed in various human cancers and subsequently degraded and denatured by proteolytic enzymes, thus making them a target for diagnostics and therapeutics. Genetically engineered bacteriophage (phage) is a promising candidate for the development of imaging or therapeutic materials for cancer collagen targeting due to its promising structural features. We genetically engineered M13 phages with two functional peptides, collagen mimetic peptide and streptavidin binding peptide, on their minor and major coat proteins, respectively. The resulting engineered phage functions as a therapeutic or imaging material to target degraded and denatured collagens in cancerous tissues. We demonstrated that the engineered phages are able to target and label abnormal collagens expressed on A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells after the conjugation with streptavidin-linked fluorescent agents. Our engineered collagen binding phage could be a useful platform for abnormal collagen imaging and drug delivery in various collagen-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Eon Jin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Physical Bioscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rebecca Farr
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Physical Bioscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Seung-Wuk Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Physical Bioscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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14
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Hwang I. Virus outbreaks in chemical and biological sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 14:13592-612. [PMID: 25068866 PMCID: PMC4179090 DOI: 10.3390/s140813592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous bacteriophages have successfully been used to detect chemical and biological analytes with increased selectivity and sensitivity. The enhancement largely originates not only from the ability of viruses to provide a platform for the surface display of a wide range of biological ligands, but also from the geometric morphologies of the viruses that constitute biomimetic structures with larger surface area-to-volume ratio. This review will appraise the mechanism of multivalent display of the viruses that enables surface modification of virions either by chemical or biological methods. The accommodation of functionalized virions to various materials, including polymers, proteins, metals, nanoparticles, and electrodes for sensor applications will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inseong Hwang
- The Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 147-779, Korea.
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15
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Yoo SY, Merzlyak A, Lee SW. Synthetic phage for tissue regeneration. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:192790. [PMID: 24991085 PMCID: PMC4058494 DOI: 10.1155/2014/192790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling structural organization and signaling motif display is of great importance to design the functional tissue regenerating materials. Synthetic phage, genetically engineered M13 bacteriophage has been recently introduced as novel tissue regeneration materials to display a high density of cell-signaling peptides on their major coat proteins for tissue regeneration purposes. Structural advantages of their long-rod shape and monodispersity can be taken together to construct nanofibrous scaffolds which support cell proliferation and differentiation as well as direct orientation of their growth in two or three dimensions. This review demonstrated how functional synthetic phage is designed and subsequently utilized for tissue regeneration that offers potential cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Yoo
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Merzlyak
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, and Physical Bioscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Seung-Wuk Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, and Physical Bioscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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16
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Farr R, Choi DS, Lee SW. Phage-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1741-50. [PMID: 23823252 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology enable us to manipulate and produce materials with molecular level control. In the newly emerging field of bionanomedicine, it is essential to precisely control the physical, chemical and biological properties of materials. Among other biological building blocks, viruses are a promising nanomaterial that can be functionalized with great precision. Since the production of viral particles is directed by the genetic information encapsulated in their protein shells, the viral particles create precisely defined sizes and shapes. In addition, the composition and surface properties of the particles can be controlled through genetic engineering and chemical modification. In this manuscript, we review the advances of virus-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications in three different areas: phage therapy, drug delivery and tissue engineering. By exploiting and manipulating the original functions of viruses, viral particles hold great possibilities in these biomedical applications to improve human health.
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Choi DS, Jin HE, Yoo SY, Lee SW. Cyclic RGD peptide incorporation on phage major coat proteins for improved internalization by HeLa cells. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:216-23. [PMID: 24328047 DOI: 10.1021/bc4003234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Delivering therapeutic materials or imaging reagents into specific tumor tissues is critically important for development of novel cancer therapeutics and diagnostics. Genetically engineered phages possess promising structural features to develop cancer therapeutic materials. For cancer targeting purposes, we developed a novel engineered phage that expressed cyclic RGD (cRGD) peptides on the pVIII major coat protein using recombinant DNA technology. Using a type 88 phage engineering approach, which inserts a new gene to express additional major coat protein in the noncoding region of the phage genome, we incorporated an additional pVIII major coat protein with relatively bulky cRGD and assembled heterogeneous major coat proteins on the F88.4 phage surfaces. With IPTG control, we could tune different numbers of cRGD peptide displayed on the phage particles up to 140 copies. The resulting phage with cRGD on the recombinant pVIII protein exhibited enhanced internalization efficiency into HeLa cells in a ligand density and conformational structure dependent manner when comparing with the M13 phages modified with either linear RGD on pVIII or cRGD on pIII. Our cRGD peptide engineered phage could be useful for cancer therapy or diagnostic purposes after further modifying the phage with drug molecules or contrast reagents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Shin Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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18
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Cung K, Han BJ, Nguyen TD, Mao S, Yeh YW, Xu S, Naik RR, Poirier G, Yao N, Purohit PK, McAlpine MC. Biotemplated synthesis of PZT nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:6197-6202. [PMID: 24274657 DOI: 10.1021/nl4035708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric nanowires are an important class of smart materials for next-generation applications including energy harvesting, robotic actuation, and bioMEMS. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT), in particular, has attracted significant attention, owing to its superior electromechanical conversion performance. Yet, the ability to synthesize crystalline PZT nanowires with well-controlled properties remains a challenge. Applications of common nanosynthesis methods to PZT are hampered by issues such as slow kinetics, lack of suitable catalysts, and harsh reaction conditions. Here we report a versatile biomimetic method, in which biotemplates are used to define PZT nanostructures, allowing for rational control over composition and crystallinity. Specifically, stoichiometric PZT nanowires were synthesized using both polysaccharide (alginate) and bacteriophage templates. The wires possessed measured piezoelectric constants of up to 132 pm/V after poling, among the highest reported for PZT nanomaterials. Further, integrated devices can generate up to 0.820 μW/cm(2) of power. These results suggest that biotemplated piezoelectric nanowires are attractive candidates for stimuli-responsive nanosensors, adaptive nanoactuators, and nanoscale energy harvesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellye Cung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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19
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Yang SH, Chung WJ, McFarland S, Lee SW. Assembly of bacteriophage into functional materials. CHEM REC 2012; 13:43-59. [PMID: 23280916 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For the last decade, the fabrication of ordered structures of phage has been of great interest as a means of utilizing the outstanding biochemical properties of phage in developing useful materials. Combined with other organic/inorganic substances, it has been demonstrated that phage is a superior building block for fabricating various functional devices, such as the electrode in lithium-ion batteries, photovoltaic cells, sensors, and cell-culture supports. Although previous research has expanded the utility of phage when combined with genetic engineering, most improvements in device functionality have relied upon increases in efficiency owing to the compact, more densely packable unit size of phage rather than on the unique properties of the ordered nanostructures themselves. Recently, self-templating methods, which control both thermodynamic and kinetic factors during the deposition process, have opened up new routes to exploiting the ordered structural properties of hierarchically organized phage architectures. In addition, ordered phage films have exhibited unexpected functional properties, such as structural color and optical filtering. Structural colors or optical filtering from phage films can be used for optical phage-based sensors, which combine the structural properties of phage with target-specific binding motifs on the phage-coat proteins. This self-templating method may contribute not only to practical applications, but also provide insight into the fundamental study of biomacromolecule assembly in in vivo systems under complicated and dynamic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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20
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Henry M, Debarbieux L. Tools from viruses: bacteriophage successes and beyond. Virology 2012; 434:151-61. [PMID: 23063405 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are ubiquitous and can infect any of the three existing cellular lineages (Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya). Despite the persisting negative public perception of these entities, scientists learnt how to domesticate some of them. The study of molecular mechanisms essential to the completion of viral cycles has greatly contributed to deciphering fundamental processes in biology. Nowadays, viruses have entered the biotechnological era and numerous applications have already been developed. Viral-derived tools are used to manipulate genetic information, detect, diagnose, control and cure infectious diseases, or even design new structural assemblies. With the recent advances in the field of metagenomics, an overwhelming amount of information on novel viruses has become available. As current tools have been historically developed from a limited number of viruses, the potential of discoveries from new archaeal, bacterial and eukaryotic viruses may be limited only by our understanding of the multiple facets of viral cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Henry
- Institut Pasteur, Molecular Biology of the Gene in Extremophiles Unit, Department of Microbiology, F-75015 Paris, France
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21
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Lee LA, Nguyen QL, Wu L, Horvath G, Nelson RS, Wang Q. Mutant Plant Viruses with Cell Binding Motifs Provide Differential Adhesion Strengths and Morphologies. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:422-31. [DOI: 10.1021/bm2014558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Andrew Lee
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Quyen L. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Laying Wu
- College of Science and Mathematics, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Avenue, Montclair,
New Jersey 07043, United States
| | - Gary Horvath
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Richard S. Nelson
- The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma
73401, United States
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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22
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Chung WJ, Merzlyak A, Yoo SY, Lee SW. Genetically engineered liquid-crystalline viral films for directing neural cell growth. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:9885-90. [PMID: 20443557 DOI: 10.1021/la100226u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Designing biomimetic matrices with precisely controlled structural organization that provides biochemical and physical cues to regulate cell behavior is critical for the development of tissue-regenerating materials. We have developed novel liquid-crystalline film matrices made from genetically engineered M13 bacteriophages (viruses) that exhibit the ability to control and guide cell behavior for tissue-regenerating applications. To facilitate adhesion between the viruses and cells, 2700 copies of the M13 major coat protein were genetically engineered to display integrin-binding peptides (RGD). The resulting nanofiber-like viruses displaying RGD motifs were biocompatible with neuronal cells and could be self-assembled to form long-range-ordered liquid-crystalline matrices by a simple shearing method. The resulting aligned structures were able to dictate the direction of cell growth. Future use of these virus-based materials for regenerating target tissues in vivo would provide great opportunities for various tissue therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jae Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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