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Dembitsky VM. Biological Activity and Structural Diversity of Steroids Containing Aromatic Rings, Phosphate Groups, or Halogen Atoms. Molecules 2023; 28:5549. [PMID: 37513423 PMCID: PMC10384810 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This review delves into the investigation of the biological activity and structural diversity of steroids and related isoprenoid lipids. The study encompasses various natural compounds, such as steroids with aromatic ring(s), steroid phosphate esters derived from marine invertebrates, and steroids incorporating halogen atoms (I, Br, or Cl). These compounds are either produced by fungi or fungal endophytes or found in extracts of plants, algae, or marine invertebrates. To assess the biological activity of these natural compounds, an extensive examination of referenced literature sources was conducted. The evaluation encompassed in vivo and in vitro studies, as well as the utilization of the QSAR method. Numerous compounds exhibited notable properties such as strong anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, anti-proliferative, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-Parkinsonian, diuretic, anti-eczematic, anti-psoriatic, and various other activities. Throughout the review, 3D graphs illustrating the activity of individual steroids are presented alongside images of selected terrestrial or marine organisms. Additionally, the review provides explanations for specific types of biological activity associated with these compounds. The data presented in this review hold scientific interest for academic science as well as practical implications in the fields of pharmacology and practical medicine. The analysis of the biological activity and structural diversity of steroids and related isoprenoid lipids provides valuable insights that can contribute to advancements in both theoretical understanding and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
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2
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He V, Cadarso VJ, Seibt S, Boyd BJ, Neild A. A novel droplet-based approach to study phase transformations in lyotropic liquid crystalline systems. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 641:459-469. [PMID: 36948101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLC) and their phase transformations in response to stimuli have gathered much interest for controlled and 'on-demand' drug applications. Bulk methods of preparation impose limitations on studying the transformations, especially induced by compositional changes, such as enzymatic changes to lipid structure. Here we hypothesise that controlled microfluidic production and coalescence of dissimilar aqueous and lipid droplets emulsified in a third mutually immiscible liquid will provide a new approach to the spatio-temporal study of structure formation in lyotropic liquid crystalline materials. EXPERIMENTS Separate lipid and aqueous droplets, dispersed in a fluorocarbon oil were generated using a microfluidic format. The chip, prepared as a hybrid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and glass microfluidic device, was constructed to enable in-situ acquisition of time-resolved synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and crossed polarised light microscopy of the coalesced droplets to determine the structures present during aging. FINDINGS Janus-like droplets formed upon coalesce, with distinct lipid and aqueous portions with a gradient between the two sides of the merged droplet. SAXS and polarised light microscopy revealed a progression of mesophases as the lipid portion was hydrated by the aqueous portion via the diffusion limited interface which separated the portions. Thus demonstrating, on a droplet scale, a new approach for studying the phase transformation kinetics and identification of non-equilibrium phase in droplet-based lyotropic liquid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent He
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Victor J Cadarso
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Susanne Seibt
- SAXS/WAXS Beamline, Australian Synchrotron (ANSTO), 800 Blackburn Rd, Clayton, VIC 3150, Australia
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Adrian Neild
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Hegde M, Naliyadhara N, Unnikrishnan J, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Girisa S, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer metastases: Current and future perspectives. Cancer Lett 2023; 556:216066. [PMID: 36649823 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for greater than 90% of cancer-related deaths. Despite recent advancements in conventional chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and their rational combinations, metastatic cancers remain essentially untreatable. The distinct obstacles to treat metastases include their small size, high multiplicity, redundancy, therapeutic resistance, and dissemination to multiple organs. Recent advancements in nanotechnology provide the numerous applications in the diagnosis and prophylaxis of metastatic diseases, including the small particle size to penetrate cell membrane and blood vessels and their capacity to transport complex molecular 'cargo' particles to various metastatic regions such as bones, brain, liver, lungs, and lymph nodes. Indeed, nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated a significant ability to target specific cells within these organs. In this regard, the purpose of this review is to summarize the present state of nanotechnology in terms of its application in the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic cancer. We intensively reviewed applications of NPs in fluorescent imaging, PET scanning, MRI, and photoacoustic imaging to detect metastasis in various cancer models. The use of targeted NPs for cancer ablation in conjunction with chemotherapy, photothermal treatment, immuno therapy, and combination therapy is thoroughly discussed. The current review also highlights the research opportunities and challenges of leveraging engineering technologies with cancer cell biology and pharmacology to fabricate nanoscience-based tools for treating metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Nikunj Naliyadhara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Jyothsna Unnikrishnan
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia; BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia; Computers and Communications Department, College of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, 35712, Egypt
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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4
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Ehsan M, Wang H, Katsube S, Munk CF, Du Y, Youn T, Yoon S, Byrne B, Loland CJ, Guan L, Kobilka BK, Chae PS. Glyco-steroidal amphiphiles (GSAs) for membrane protein structural study. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200027. [PMID: 35129249 PMCID: PMC8986615 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Integral membrane proteins pose considerable challenges to high resolution structural analysis. Maintaining membrane proteins in their native state during protein isolation is essential for structural study of these bio-macromolecules. Detergents are the most commonly used amphiphilic compounds for stabilizing membrane proteins in solution outside a lipid bilayer. We previously introduced a glyco-diosgenin (GDN) detergent that was shown to be highly effective at stabilizing a wide range of membrane proteins. This steroidal detergent has additionally gained attention due to its compatibility with membrane protein structure study via cryo-EM. However, synthetic inconvenience limits widespread use of GDN in membrane protein study. To improve its synthetic accessibility and to further enhance detergent efficacy for protein stabilization, we designed a new class of glyco-steroid-based detergents using three steroid units: cholestanol, cholesterol and diosgenin. These new detergents were efficiently prepared and showed marked efficacy for protein stabilization in evaluation with a few model membrane proteins including two G protein-coupled receptors. Some new agents were not only superior to a gold standard detergent, DDM, but were also more effective than the original GDN at preserving protein integrity long term. These agents represent valuable alternatives to GDN, and are likely to facilitate structural determination of challenging membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ehsan
- Hanyang University, Department of Bionano Engineering, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Haoqing Wang
- Stanford University, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, UNITED STATES
| | - Satoshi Katsube
- Texas Tech University, Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, UNITED STATES
| | - Chastine F Munk
- University of Copenhagen: Kobenhavns Universitet, Department of Neuroscience, DENMARK
| | - Yang Du
- Stanford University, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, UNITED STATES
| | - Taeyeol Youn
- Hanyang University, Department of Bionano Engineering, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Soyoung Yoon
- Hanyang University, Department of Bionano Engineering, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Claus J Loland
- University of Copenhagen: Kobenhavns Universitet, Department of Neurosciences, DENMARK
| | - Lan Guan
- Texas Tech University, Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, UNITED STATES
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Stanford University, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, UNITED STATES
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Hanyang University, Department of Bionano Engineering, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, 426-791, Ansan, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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Le‐Vinh B, Akkuş‐Dağdeviren ZB, Le NN, Nazir I, Bernkop‐Schnürch A. Alkaline Phosphatase: A Reliable Endogenous Partner for Drug Delivery and Diagnostics. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao Le‐Vinh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Institute of Pharmacy University of Innsbruck Innrain 80/82 Innsbruck 6020 Austria
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Viet Nam
| | - Zeynep Burcu Akkuş‐Dağdeviren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Institute of Pharmacy University of Innsbruck Innrain 80/82 Innsbruck 6020 Austria
| | - Nguyet‐Minh Nguyen Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Institute of Pharmacy University of Innsbruck Innrain 80/82 Innsbruck 6020 Austria
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Viet Nam
| | - Imran Nazir
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
| | - Andreas Bernkop‐Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Institute of Pharmacy University of Innsbruck Innrain 80/82 Innsbruck 6020 Austria
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6
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Dembitsky VM. In Silico Prediction of Steroids and Triterpenoids as Potential Regulators of Lipid Metabolism. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:650. [PMID: 34822521 PMCID: PMC8618826 DOI: 10.3390/md19110650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on a rare group of steroids and triterpenoids that share common properties as regulators of lipid metabolism. This group of compounds is divided by the type of chemical structure, and they represent: aromatic steroids, steroid phosphate esters, highly oxygenated steroids such as steroid endoperoxides and hydroperoxides, α,β-epoxy steroids, and secosteroids. In addition, subgroups of carbon-bridged steroids, neo steroids, miscellaneous steroids, as well as synthetic steroids containing heteroatoms S (epithio steroids), Se (selena steroids), Te (tellura steroids), and At (astatosteroids) were presented. Natural steroids and triterpenoids have been found and identified from various sources such as marine sponges, soft corals, starfish, and other marine invertebrates. In addition, this group of rare lipids is found in fungi, fungal endophytes, and plants. The pharmacological profile of the presented steroids and triterpenoids was determined using the well-known computer program PASS, which is currently available online for all interested scientists and pharmacologists and is currently used by research teams from more than 130 countries of the world. Our attention has been focused on the biological activities of steroids and triterpenoids associated with the regulation of cholesterol metabolism and related processes such as anti-hyperlipoproteinemic activity, as well as the treatment of atherosclerosis, lipoprotein disorders, or inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis. In addition, individual steroids and triterpenoids were identified that demonstrated rare or unique biological activities such as treating neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases with a high degree of certainty over 95 percent. For individual steroids or triterpenoids or a group of compounds, 3D drawings of their predicted biological activities are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
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7
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Lou J, Best MD. Strategies for altering lipid self-assembly to trigger liposome cargo release. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 232:104966. [PMID: 32888913 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
While liposomes have proven to be effective drug delivery nanocarriers, their therapeutic attributes could be improved through the development of clinically viable triggered release strategies in which encapsulated drug contents could be selectively released at the sites of diseased cells. As such, a significant amount of research has been reported involving the development of stimuli-responsive liposomes and a broad range of strategies have been explored for driving content release. These have included the introduction of trigger groups at either the lipid headgroup or within the acyl chains that alter lipid self-assembly properties of known lipids as well as the rational design of lipid analogs programed to undergo conformational changes induced by events such as binding interactions. This review article describes advances in the design of stimuli-responsive liposome strategies with an eye towards emerging trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Lou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Michael D Best
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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8
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Lou J, Best MD. A General Approach to Enzyme‐Responsive Liposomes. Chemistry 2020; 26:8597-8607. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Lou
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee 1420 Circle Drive Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Michael D. Best
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee 1420 Circle Drive Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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9
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Steroid phosphate esters and phosphonosteroids and their biological activities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7679-7692. [PMID: 29998410 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Steroid phosphate esters are very rare natural lipids that have been comparatively recently isolated from fractions of polar lipids of marine sponges and starfish. These steroids exhibit interesting biological activities. When using the PASS computer program, we showed that many of steroid phosphate esters showed antifungal, antihypercholesterolemic, anesthetic, and other activities with a confidence of 73 to 93%. In addition, some of them can be used as inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis and show hepatoprotection properties. Phosphonosteroids demonstrate antineoplastic and antihypercholesterolemic activities with a certainty of 85 to 90%. And also, they can be used as ovulation inhibitors or female steroid contraceptives with confidence from 86 to 98%.
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10
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Ehsan M, Das M, Stern V, Du Y, Mortensen JS, Hariharan P, Byrne B, Loland CJ, Kobilka BK, Guan L, Chae PS. Steroid-Based Amphiphiles for Membrane Protein Study: The Importance of Alkyl Spacers for Protein Stability. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1433-1443. [PMID: 29660780 PMCID: PMC7238963 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins allow effective communication between cells and organelles and their external environments. Maintaining membrane protein stability in a non-native environment is the major bottleneck to their structural study. Detergents are widely used to extract membrane proteins from the membrane and to keep the extracted protein in a stable state for downstream characterisation. In this study, three sets of steroid-based amphiphiles-glyco-diosgenin analogues (GDNs) and steroid-based pentasaccharides either lacking a linker (SPSs) or containing a linker (SPS-Ls)-have been developed as new chemical tools for membrane protein research. These detergents were tested with three membrane proteins in order to characterise their ability to extract membrane proteins from the membrane and to stabilise membrane proteins long-term. Some of the detergents, particularly the SPS-Ls, displayed favourable behaviour with the tested membrane proteins. This result indicates the potential utility of these detergents as chemical tools for membrane protein structural study and a critical role of the simple alkyl spacer in determining detergent efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ehsan
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Manabendra Das
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Valerie Stern
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Yang Du
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jonas S Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Claus J Loland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
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11
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Liu JX, Xin B, Li C, Xie NH, Gong WL, Huang ZL, Zhu MQ. PEGylated Perylenemonoimide-Dithienylethene for Super-Resolution Imaging of Liposomes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:10338-10343. [PMID: 28281748 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized an amphiphilic photoswitchable fluorophore, PEGylated perylenemonoimide-dithienylethene (PEG-PMI-DTE), which exhibits evident bistable photochromism, fluorescence switching, and fatigue resistance. The fine nanostructures of liposomes can be observed directly under super-resolution fluorescent microscopy by aid of the amphiphilic photoswitchable fluorophore as a staining agent, with an optical resolution of 30 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xia Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Bo Xin
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Chong Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Nuo-Hua Xie
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Wen-Liang Gong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zhen-Li Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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12
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He H, Sun L, Ye J, Liu E, Chen S, Liang Q, Shin MC, Yang VC. Enzyme-triggered, cell penetrating peptide-mediated delivery of anti-tumor agents. J Control Release 2016; 240:67-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Fong WK, Negrini R, Vallooran JJ, Mezzenga R, Boyd BJ. Responsive self-assembled nanostructured lipid systems for drug delivery and diagnostics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 484:320-339. [PMID: 27623190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
While stimuli-responsive polymers have received a huge amount of attention in the literature, responsive lipid-based mesophase systems offer unique opportunities in biomedical applications such as drug delivery and biosensing. The different mesophase equilibrium structures enables dynamic switching between nanostructures to facilitate drug release or as a transducer for recognition events. In drug delivery, this behavior offers researchers the means to deliver a therapeutic payload at a specific rate and time i.e. 'on-demand'. This review summarizes the distinctive features of these multifaceted materials and aggregates the current state of the art research from our groups and others into the use of these materials as bulk gels and nanostructured dispersions for drug delivery, biosensing and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wye-Khay Fong
- Food and Soft Materials Science, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Renata Negrini
- Food and Soft Materials Science, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jijo J Vallooran
- Food and Soft Materials Science, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Food and Soft Materials Science, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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14
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Sun Y, Ji Y, Yu H, Wang D, Cao M, Wang J. Near-infrared light-sensitive liposomes for controlled release. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18702a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A 6-bromo-7-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylcoumarin containing amphiphilic lipid was synthesized and applied as a near-infrared light triggered controlled release system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Sun
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- China
| | - Yanyun Ji
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- China
| | - Dong Wang
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- China
| | - Meiwen Cao
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- China
| | - Jiqian Wang
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- China
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15
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Integration of imaging into clinical practice to assess the delivery and performance of macromolecular and nanotechnology-based oncology therapies. J Control Release 2015; 219:295-312. [PMID: 26403800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Functional and molecular imaging has become increasingly used to evaluate interpatient and intrapatient tumor heterogeneity. Imaging allows for assessment of microenvironment parameters including tumor hypoxia, perfusion and proliferation, as well as tumor metabolism and the intratumoral distribution of specific molecular markers. Imaging information may be used to stratify patients for targeted therapies, and to define patient populations that may benefit from alternative therapeutic approaches. It also provides a method for non-invasive monitoring of treatment response at earlier time-points than traditional cues, such as tumor shrinkage. Further, companion diagnostic imaging techniques are becoming progressively more important for development and clinical implementation of targeted therapies. Imaging-based companion diagnostics are likely to be essential for the validation and FDA approval of targeted nanotherapies and macromolecular medicines. This review describes recent clinical advances in the use of functional and molecular imaging to evaluate the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, this article focuses on image-based assessment of distribution and anti-tumor effect of nano- and macromolecular systems.
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Lin W, Xie X, Yang Y, Liu H, Fu X, Chen Y, Liu H, Yang Y. Enhanced small interfering RNA delivery into cells by exploiting the additive effect between photo-sensitive peptides and targeting ligands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:1215-31. [PMID: 25880614 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To enhance the targeting delivery efficiency of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to tumour cells, a novel multifunctional liposome (PSP/NGR-L) comodified with photo-sensitive cell-penetrating peptides (PSP) and asparagine-glycine-arginine peptide (NGR) was constructed and investigated. METHODS PSP was conjugated to 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-maleimide(polyethylene glycol)-2000 (DSPE-PEG2000 -MAL) to generate DSPE-PEG2000 -PSP and used to form PSP/NGR-L, the features of the liposomes were determined. HT-1080 and MCF-7 cells were used for cellular uptake tests, and the cellular uptake pathways were identified. Intracellular trafficking and endosomal escape were also evaluated. In-vitro siRNA transfection evaluations were carried out in HT-1080 cells. KEY FINDINGS The encapsulation efficiencies of liposomes were about 80%, and the mean particle sizes were around 100 nm. The targeting specificity of PSP/NGR-L was significantly enhanced via NGR navigation and ultraviolet (UV) light illumination. The internalization of PSP/NGR-L in HT-1080 cells was mediated by more than one cellular uptake mechanisms. The constructed nanocarrier could escape from the endosome to produce its effects in the cellular cytoplasm with the help of UV illumination. PSP/NGR-L could down-regulate expression of c-myc and augmented cell apoptosis in HT-1080 cells. CONCLUSIONS The application of combined PSP and NGR modifications may be a new approach for the selectively targeted delivery of siRNA to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huangshi Love & Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Huangshi, China
| | - Xiangyang Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Xudong Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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Saleem Q, Zhang Z, Petretic A, Gradinaru CC, Macdonald PM. Single lipid bilayer deposition on polymer surfaces using bicelles. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1032-9. [PMID: 25665160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A lipid bilayer was deposited on a 3 μm diameter polystyrene (PS) bead via hydrophobic anchoring of bicelles containing oxyamine-bearing cholesteric moieties reacting with the aldehyde functionalized bead surface. Discoidal bicelles were formed by mixing dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine (DHPC), dimyristoyltrimethylammonium propane (DMTAP), and the oxyamine-terminated cholesterol derivative, cholest-5-en-3β-oxy-oct-3,6-oxa-an-8-oxyamine (CHOLOA), in the molar ratio DMPC/DHCP/DMTAP/CHOLOA (1/0.5/0.01/0.05) in water. Upon exposure to aldehyde-bearing PS beads, a stable single lipid bilayer coating rapidly formed at the bead surface. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching demonstrated that the deposited lipids fused into an encapsulating lipid bilayer. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry showed that the short chain lipid DHPC was entirely absent from the PS adherent lipid coating. Fluorescence quenching measurements proved that the coating was a single lipid bilayer. The bicelle coating method is thus simple and robust, can be modified to include membrane-associated species, and can be adapted to coat any number of different surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim Saleem
- Departments of †Chemistry, ∥Physics, and ‡Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
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18
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Hu F, Jia ZY, Liang R, Wang P, Ai XC, Zhang JP, Skibsted LH. β-Carotene as a Membrane Antioxidant Probed by Cholesterol-Anchored Daidzein. J Food Sci 2014; 79:C1688-94. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- Dept. of Chemistry; Renmin Univ. of China; Beijing 100872 P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yu Jia
- Dept. of Chemistry; Renmin Univ. of China; Beijing 100872 P.R. China
| | - Ran Liang
- Dept. of Chemistry; Renmin Univ. of China; Beijing 100872 P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Dept. of Chemistry; Renmin Univ. of China; Beijing 100872 P.R. China
| | - Xi-Cheng Ai
- Dept. of Chemistry; Renmin Univ. of China; Beijing 100872 P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Dept. of Chemistry; Renmin Univ. of China; Beijing 100872 P.R. China
| | - Leif H. Skibsted
- Food Chemistry; Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Copenhagen; Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C Denmark
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19
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Yang Y, Yang Y, Xie X, Cai X, Mei X. Preparation and characterization of photo-responsive cell-penetrating peptide-mediated nanostructured lipid carrier. J Drug Target 2014; 22:891-900. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.940589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Guo X, Gagne L, Chen H, Szoka FC. Novel ortho ester-based, pH-sensitive cationic lipid for gene deliveryin vitroandin vivo. J Liposome Res 2013; 24:90-8. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2013.848886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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21
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug therapy is frequently limited by the widespread biodistribution of the active agents and the little specificity for non-healthy cells. Therefore, inadequate drug concentrations result into the site of action, and severe toxicity may also arise. To address the problem, liposome-based medicines have tried to improve pharmacotherapy. AREAS COVERED The review provides an updated revision of the lately published patents covering recent advances in liposome-based drug delivery. They are principally related to the control of drug biodistribution by using stealth, stimuli-sensitive and/or liposomal structures surface modified for ligand-mediated delivery. The contribution further highlights liposome-based theranosis. EXPERT OPINION Liposomes have received great attention given their biocompatibility, biodegradability and targetability. From 2007 to present date, patent publications related to their use in drug delivery have shown the move towards more stable structures with optimized drug delivery capabilities, further combining passive and active targeting concepts to gain control of the in vivo fate. However, the introduction of all these liposomal structures in the disease arena is still a challenge. Two key aspects are the difficulty of identifying easy and economic synthesis conditions which can be scaled up in the pharmaceutical industry, and the need for complementary investigations illustrating risks of toxicity/immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Arias
- University of Granada, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology , Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada , Spain +34 958 24 39 02 ; +34 958 24 89 58 ;
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22
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Fraix A, Le Gall T, Berchel M, Denis C, Lehn P, Montier T, Jaffrès PA. Cationic lipophosphoramidates with two disulfide motifs: synthesis, behaviour in reductive media and gene transfection activity. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:1650-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27261c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Hansen MB, van Gaal E, Minten I, Storm G, van Hest JC, Löwik DW. Constrained and UV-activatable cell-penetrating peptides for intracellular delivery of liposomes. J Control Release 2012; 164:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Mendoza MF, Hollabaugh NM, Hettiarachchi SU, McCarley RL. Human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase type I (hNQO1) activation of quinone propionic acid trigger groups. Biochemistry 2012; 51:8014-26. [PMID: 22989153 DOI: 10.1021/bi300760u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase type I (NQO1) is a target enzyme for triggered delivery of drugs at inflamed tissue and tumor sites, particularly those that challenge traditional therapies. Prodrugs, macromolecules, and molecular assemblies possessing trigger groups that can be cleaved by environmental stimuli are vehicles with the potential to yield active drug only at prescribed sites. Furthermore, quinone propionic acids (QPAs) covalently attached to prodrugs or liposome surfaces can be removed by application of a reductive trigger stimulus, such as that from NQO1; their rates of reductive activation should be tunable via QPA structure. We explored in detail the recombinant human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase type I (rhNQO1)-catalyzed NADH reduction of a family of substituted QPAs and obtained high precision kinetic parameters. It is found that small changes in QPA structure-in particular, single atom and function group substitutions on the quinone ring at R(1)-lead to significant impacts on the Michaelis constant (K(m)), maximum velocity (V(max)), catalytic constant (k(cat)), and catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)). Molecular docking simulations demonstrate that alterations in QPA structure result in large changes in QPA alignment and placement with respect to the flavin isoalloxazine ring in the active site of rhNQO1; a qualitative relationship exists between the kinetic parameters and the depth of QPA penetration into the rhNQO1 active site. From a quantitative perspective, a very good correlation is observed between log(k(cat)/K(m)) and the molecular-docking-derived distance between the flavin hydride donor site and quinone hydride acceptor site in the QPAs, an observation that is in agreement with developing theories. The comprehensive kinetic and molecular modeling knowledge obtained for the interaction of recombinant human NQO1 with the quinone propionic acid analogues provides insight into the design and implementation of the QPA trigger groups for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, USA
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25
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Motion JM, Nguyen J, Szoka FC. Phosphatase-triggered fusogenic liposomes for cytoplasmic delivery of cell-impermeable compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:9047-51. [PMID: 22887437 PMCID: PMC3470804 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
License to fuse! A phosphorylated fusion peptide can mediate membrane fusion when the phosphates (green triangles, see scheme) are removed by phosphatases (blue spheres), delivering the contents of the liposome into the cytosol. This phosphatase-triggered approach may be useful to create target-specific lipid nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.P. Michael Motion
- Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0912 (USA)
| | - Juliane Nguyen
- Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0912 (USA)
| | - Francis C. Szoka
- Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0912 (USA)
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26
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Motion JPM, Nguyen J, Szoka FC. Phosphatase-Triggered Fusogenic Liposomes for Cytoplasmic Delivery of Cell-Impermeable Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Song G, Wu H, Yoshino K, Zamboni WC. Factors affecting the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of liposomal drugs. J Liposome Res 2012; 22:177-92. [PMID: 22332871 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2012.655285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Various attempts to increase the therapeutic index of the drug while minimizing side effects have been made in drug delivery systems. Among several promising strategies, liposomes represent an advanced technology to target active molecules to the site of action. Rapid clearance of circulating liposomal drugs administered intravenously has been a critical issue because circulation time in the blood affects drug exposure at the target site. The clinical use of liposomal drugs is complicated by large intra- and interindividual variability in their pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). Thus, it is important to understand the factors affecting the PK/PD of the liposomal formulation of drugs and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the variability in the PK/PD of liposomal drugs. In this review article, we describe the characteristics of liposome formulations and discuss the effects of various factors, including liposome-associated factors, host-associated factors, and treatment on the PK/PD of liposomal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Song
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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28
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Wang C, Chen Q, Wang Z, Zhang X. An enzyme-responsive polymeric superamphiphile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 49:8612-5. [PMID: 20886493 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201004253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
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29
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Fraix A, Montier T, Carmoy N, Loizeau D, Burel-Deschamps L, Le Gall T, Giamarchi P, Couthon-Gourvès H, Haelters JP, Lehn P, Jaffrès PA. Cationic lipo-thiophosphoramidates for gene delivery: synthesis, physico-chemical characterization and gene transfection activity – comparison with lipo-phosphoramidates. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:2422-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00981d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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30
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Andresen TL, Thompson DH, Kaasgaard T. Enzyme-triggered nanomedicine: drug release strategies in cancer therapy. Mol Membr Biol 2010; 27:353-63. [PMID: 20939771 DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2010.515950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine as a field has emerged from the early success of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, in particular for treatment of cancer, and the advances made in nano- and biotechnology over the past decade. A prerequisite for nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems to be effective is that the drug payload is released at the target site. A large number of drug release strategies have been proposed that can be classified into certain areas. The simplest and most successful strategy so far, probably due to relative simplicity, is based on utilizing certain physico-chemical characteristics of drugs to obtain a slow drug leakage from the formulations after accumulation in the cancerous site. However, this strategy is only applicable to a relatively small range of drugs and cannot be applied to biologicals. Many advanced drug release strategies have therefore been investigated. Such strategies include utilization of heat, light and ultrasound sensitive systems and in particular pH sensitive systems where the lower pH in endosomes induces drug release. Highly interesting are enzyme sensitive systems where over-expressed disease-associated enzymes are utilized to trigger drug release. The enzyme-based strategies are particularly interesting as they require no prior knowledge of the tumour localization. The basis of this review is an evaluation of the current status of drug delivery strategies focused on triggered drug release by disease-associated enzymes. We limit ourselves to reviewing the liposome field, but the concepts and conclusions are equally important for polymer-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Andresen
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Roskilde, Denmark.
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31
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Wang C, Chen Q, Wang Z, Zhang X. An Enzyme-Responsive Polymeric Superamphiphile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201004253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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32
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Jaganathan H, Gieseck RL, Ivanisevic A. Characterizing proton relaxation times for metallic and magnetic layer-by-layer-coated, DNA-templated nanoparticle chains. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:245103. [PMID: 20484793 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/24/245103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Metallic and superparamagnetic DNA-templated nanoparticle (NP) chains are examined as potential imaging agents. Proton relaxation times (T(1) and T(2)) are measured for DNA nanostructures using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The layer-by-layer (LBL) method was used to encapsulate the DNA-templated NP chains and demonstrated a change in proton relaxation times. Results from this study suggest that LBL-coated, DNA-templated nanostructures can serve as effective imaging agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamsa Jaganathan
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
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33
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Light-mediated and H-bond facilitated liposomal release: the role of lipid head groups in release efficiency. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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Banerjee J, Hanson AJ, Gadam B, Elegbede AI, Tobwala S, Ganguly B, Wagh AV, Muhonen WW, Law B, Shabb JB, Srivastava DK, Mallik S. Release of liposomal contents by cell-secreted matrix metalloproteinase-9. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:1332-9. [PMID: 19601658 DOI: 10.1021/bc9000646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes have been widely used as a drug delivery vehicle, and currently, more than 10 liposomal formulations are approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use. However, upon targeting, the release of the liposome-encapsulated contents is usually slow. We have recently demonstrated that contents from appropriately formulated liposomes can be rapidly released by the cancer-associated enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Herein, we report our detailed studies to optimize the liposomal formulations. By properly selecting the lipopeptide, the major lipid component, and their relative amounts, we demonstrate that the contents are rapidly released in the presence of cancer-associated levels of recombinant human MMP-9. We observed that the degree of lipid mismatch between the lipopepides and the major lipid component profoundly affects the release profiles from the liposomes. By utilizing the optimized liposomal formulations, we also demonstrate that cancer cells (HT-29) which secrete low levels of MMP-9 failed to release a significant amount of the liposomal contents. Metastatic cancer cells (MCF7) secreting high levels of the enzyme rapidly release the encapsulated contents from the liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayati Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA
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35
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Huang Z, Jaafari MR, Szoka FC. Disterolphospholipids: nonexchangeable lipids and their application to liposomal drug delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:4146-9. [PMID: 19425026 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Extreme makeover of cholesterol: Cholesterol exchange is a major reason for the instability of liposomes in blood. The formation of a covalent hybrid between cholesterol and glycerophosphocholine preserves the bilayer-stabilizing effect of free cholesterol but prevents its transfer from the bilayer. Thus, disterolphospholipids (e.g. 1) are valuable new components for liposome formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Huang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0912, USA
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36
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Huang Z, Jaafari M, Szoka F. Disterolphospholipids: Nonexchangeable Lipids and Their Application to Liposomal Drug Delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Simard P, Leroux JC. pH-sensitive immunoliposomes specific to the CD33 cell surface antigen of leukemic cells. Int J Pharm 2009; 381:86-96. [PMID: 19446624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A promising avenue in cancer therapy using liposomal formulations is the combination of site-specific delivery with triggered drug release. The use of trigger mechanisms in liposomes could be relevant for drugs susceptible to lysosomal hydrolytic/enzymatic degradation. Here, we propose a polymeric pH-sensitive liposome system that is designed to release its content inside the endosomes through a polymer structural change following receptor-mediated internalization. Specifically, pH-sensitive immunoliposomes (ILs) were obtained by including a terminally alkylated copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) in the liposome bilayer and by coupling the anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody to target leukemic cells. In vitro release of encapsulated fluorescent probes and cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) revealed that pH-sensitivity of the vector was retained in the presence of the antibody upon incubation in plasma. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy analyses demonstrated that the pH-sensitive ILs were efficiently internalized by various CD33+ leukemic cell lines while limited interaction was found for liposomes decorated with an isotype-matched control antibody. Finally, the pH-sensitive ILs-CD33 formulation exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against HL60 cells, confirming the role of the NIPAM copolymer in promoting the escape of intact ara-C in the endosomes. These results suggest that this pH-sensitive liposomal formulation could be beneficial in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Simard
- Canada Research Chair in Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, P.C. 6128 Downtown Station, Montreal (Qc), Canada H3C 3J7
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38
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Zhang X, Yang X, Zhang S. Synthesis of Triazole-Linked Glycoconjugates by Copper(I)-Catalyzed Regiospecific Cycloaddition of Alkynes and Azides. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910802431198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao, China
- b Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science , Shanghai, China
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39
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Drummond DC, Noble CO, Hayes ME, Park JW, Kirpotin DB. Pharmacokinetics and in vivo drug release rates in liposomal nanocarrier development. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:4696-740. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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40
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Elegbede AI, Banerjee J, Hanson AJ, Tobwala S, Ganguli B, Wang R, Lu X, Srivastava DK, Mallik S. Mechanistic studies of the triggered release of liposomal contents by matrix metalloproteinase-9. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:10633-42. [PMID: 18642903 PMCID: PMC2644422 DOI: 10.1021/ja801548g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a class of extracellular-matrix-degrading enzymes overexpressed in many cancers and contribute to the metastatic ability of the cancer cells. We have recently demonstrated that liposomal contents can be released when triggered by the enzyme MMP-9. Herein, we report the results of our mechanistic studies of the MMP-9-triggered release of liposomal contents. We synthesized peptides containing the cleavage site for MMP-9 and conjugated them with fatty acids to prepare the corresponding lipopeptides. By employing circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, we demonstrated that the lipopeptides, when incorporated into liposomes, are demixed in the lipid bilayers and generate triple-helical structures. MMP-9 cleaves the triple-helical peptides, leading to the release of the liposomal contents. Other MMPs, which cannot hydrolyze triple-helical peptides, fail to release the contents from the liposomes. We also observed that the rate and extent of release of the liposomal contents depend on the mismatch between the acyl chains of the synthesized lipopeptide and phospholipid components of the liposomes. CD spectroscopic studies imply that the observed differences in the release reflect the ability of the liposomal membrane to anneal the defects following the enzymatic cleavage of the liposome-incorporated lipopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adekunle I. Elegbede
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
| | - Jayati Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
| | - Andrea J. Hanson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
| | - Shakila Tobwala
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
| | - Bratati Ganguli
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
| | - Rongying Wang
- Proteomics Core Facility, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Xiaoning Lu
- Proteomics Core Facility, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - D. K. Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
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41
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Bajaj A, Kondaiah P, Bhattacharya S. Synthesis and Gene Transfection Efficacies of PEI−Cholesterol-Based Lipopolymers. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:1640-51. [DOI: 10.1021/bc700381v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Bajaj
- Department of Organic Chemistry, and Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development, and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India, and Chemical Biology Unit of JNCASR, Bangalore 560 064, India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Organic Chemistry, and Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development, and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India, and Chemical Biology Unit of JNCASR, Bangalore 560 064, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, and Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development, and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India, and Chemical Biology Unit of JNCASR, Bangalore 560 064, India
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Abstract
Nanoparticles show their promise for improving the efficacy of drugs with a narrow therapeutic window or low bioavailability, such as anticancer drugs and nucleic acid-based drugs. The pharmacokinetics (PK) and tissue distribution of the nanoparticles largely define their therapeutic effect and toxicity. Chemical and physical properties of the nanoparticles, including size, surface charge, and surface chemistry, are important factors that determine their PK and biodistribution. The intracellular fate of the nanoparticles after cellular internalization that affects the drug bioavailability is also discussed. Strategies for overcoming barriers for intracellular delivery and drug release are presented. Finally, future directions for improving the PK of nanoparticles and perspectives in the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Dar Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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43
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Sarkar N, Banerjee J, Hanson AJ, Elegbede AI, Rosendahl T, Krueger AB, Banerjee AL, Tobwala S, Wang R, Lu X, Mallik S, Srivastava DK. Matrix Metalloproteinase-Assisted Triggered Release of Liposomal Contents. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 19:57-64. [DOI: 10.1021/bc070081p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nihar Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, and Proteomics Core Facility, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Jayati Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, and Proteomics Core Facility, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Andrea J. Hanson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, and Proteomics Core Facility, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Adekunle I. Elegbede
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, and Proteomics Core Facility, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Theresa Rosendahl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, and Proteomics Core Facility, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Aaron B. Krueger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, and Proteomics Core Facility, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Abir L. Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, and Proteomics Core Facility, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Shakila Tobwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, and Proteomics Core Facility, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Rongying Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, and Proteomics Core Facility, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Xiaoning Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, and Proteomics Core Facility, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, and Proteomics Core Facility, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - D. K. Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, and Proteomics Core Facility, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
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44
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Bajaj A, Kondiah P, Bhattacharya S. Design, Synthesis, and in Vitro Gene Delivery Efficacies of Novel Cholesterol-Based Gemini Cationic Lipids and Their Serum Compatibility: A Structure−Activity Investigation. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2432-42. [PMID: 17444625 DOI: 10.1021/jm0611253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Five cholesterol-based gemini cationic lipids, which differ in the length of the spacer [-(CH2)n-] chain between the head groups, have been synthesized. These lipids are useful as nonviral gene delivery agents, and all cholesterol-based gemini lipids (2a-2e) are better transfecting agents than their monomeric lipid counterpart 1. Transfection efficiency of all the gemini lipids except lipid 2a [-(CH2)3-] was maintained even when the serum was present during the transfection conditions as compared to the monomeric lipid 1, with which a dramatic decrease in transfection efficiency was observed. With the increase in spacer chain length from propanediyl [-(CH2)3-] to pentanediyl [-(CH2)5-], transfection efficiency increased both in the absence and presence of serum. However, transfection efficiency decreased with further increase in the length from the pentanediyl [-(CH2)5-] to the dodecanediyl [-(CH2)12-] spacer. Among these gemini lipids 2c showed the highest transfection activity, which was also greater than that of the commercially available formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Bajaj
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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45
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Couvreur P, Vauthier C. Nanotechnology: intelligent design to treat complex disease. Pharm Res 2006; 23:1417-50. [PMID: 16779701 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-0284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 517] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2005] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this expert review is to discuss the impact of nanotechnology in the treatment of the major health threats including cancer, infections, metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and inflammations. Indeed, during the past 30 years, the explosive growth of nanotechnology has burst into challenging innovations in pharmacology, the main input being the ability to perform temporal and spatial site-specific delivery. This has led to some marketed compounds through the last decade. Although the introduction of nanotechnology obviously permitted to step over numerous milestones toward the development of the "magic bullet" proposed a century ago by the immunologist Paul Ehrlich, there are, however, unresolved delivery problems to be still addressed. These scientific and technological locks are discussed along this review together with an analysis of the current situation concerning the industrial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Couvreur
- Laboratoire de Physico-chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie, UMR CNRS 8612, Université de Paris Sud, 5 Rue J.B. Clément, 92 296, Chatenay-Malabry Cedex, France
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46
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47
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Chandra B, Subramaniam R, Mallik S, Srivastava DK. Formulation of photocleavable liposomes and the mechanism of their content release. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:1730-40. [PMID: 16633565 DOI: 10.1039/b518359f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In pursuit of designing photocleavable liposomes as drug delivery vehicles, we synthesized several amphiphilic lipids by connecting stearyl amine (as the non-polar tail) and charged amino acids (as polar heads) via the o-nitrobenzyl derivatives. The lipids containing Glu, Asp, and Lys amino acids were subjected to photocleavage reaction by UV light, and the overall spectral changes of the chromophoric o-nitrobenzyl conjugates were determined as a function of time. The experimental data revealed that the feasibility of the cleavage reaction, nature and magnitude of the spectral changes during the course of the cleavage reaction, and their overall kinetic profiles were dictated by the type of amino acid constituting the polar head groups. The cleavage reactions of the Asp and Glu containing lipids were found to be more facile than that of the lysine-containing lipid. Using these lipids, we formulated photocleavable liposomes, and investigated the photo-triggered release of an encapsulated (within the liposomal lumen) dye as a function of time. The kinetic data revealed that the release of the liposomal content conformed to a two-step mechanism, of which the first (fast) step involved the photocleavage of lipids followed by the slow release of the liposomal content during the second step. The overall mechanistic features intrinsic to the photocleavage of Asp, Glu and Lys containing o-nitrobenzyl conjugated lipids, and their potential applications in formulating liposomes (whose contents can be "unloaded" by the UV light) as drug delivery vehicles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binita Chandra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58105, USA
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48
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Ravi Kumar M, Hellermann G, Lockey RF, Mohapatra SS. Nanoparticle-mediated gene delivery: state of the art. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2005; 4:1213-24. [PMID: 15268657 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.4.8.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
With the development of genomic and proteomic technologies, the prospect for gene therapy has progressed rapidly. This has been partly possible due to the emergence of a diverse array of polymeric and non-polymeric nanoparticles that are being investigated for their ability to deliver genes and drugs. In this review, particles have been pragmatically divided as chitosan-related and chitosan-unrelated nanomaterials. The state of the art in terms of the development, characterisation and evaluation of their in vitro and/or in vivo potential is discussed for each of these various particles. Although substantial progress has been made, the potential of these particles in the clinical arena and human responses remain to be evaluated. It is hoped that this review will provide an impetus for further studies of these particles, with the ultimate intent that one or more of these diverse nanoparticle-based non-viral approaches for gene transfer will translate from 'bench to bedside' in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ravi Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SASNagar, Mohali, India
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49
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Chandra B, Mallik S, Srivastava DK. Design of photocleavable lipids and their application in liposomal "uncorking". Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:3021-3. [PMID: 15959571 DOI: 10.1039/b503423j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The design of o-nitrobenzyl containing photocleavable lipid-amino acid conjugates, and their application in liposomal uncorking are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binita Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND-58105, USA
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50
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Andresen TL, Jensen SS, Jørgensen K. Advanced strategies in liposomal cancer therapy: problems and prospects of active and tumor specific drug release. Prog Lipid Res 2005; 44:68-97. [PMID: 15748655 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2004.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor specific drug delivery has become increasingly interesting in cancer therapy, as the use of chemotherapeutics is often limited due to severe side effects. Conventional drug delivery systems have shown low efficiency and a continuous search for more advanced drug delivery principles is therefore of great importance. In the first part of this review, we present current strategies in the drug delivery field, focusing on site-specific triggered drug release from liposomes in cancerous tissue. Currently marketed drug delivery systems lack the ability to actively release the carried drug and rely on passive diffusion or slow non-specific degradation of the liposomal carrier. To obtain elevated tumor-to-normal tissue drug ratios, it is important to develop drug delivery strategies where the liposomal carriers are actively degraded specifically in the tumor tissue. Many promising strategies have emerged ranging from externally triggered light- and thermosensitive liposomes to receptor targeted, pH- and enzymatically triggered liposomes relying on an endogenous trigger mechanism in the cancerous tissue. However, even though several of these strategies were introduced three decades ago, none of them have yet led to marketed drugs and are still far from achieving this goal. The most advanced and prospective technologies are probably the prodrug strategies where non-toxic drugs are carried and activated specifically in the malignant tissue by overexpressed enzymes. In the second part of this paper, we review our own work, exploiting secretory phospholipase A2 as a site-specific trigger and prodrug activator in cancer therapy. We present novel prodrug lipids together with biophysical investigations of liposome systems, constituted by these new lipids and demonstrate their degradability by secretory phospholipase A2. We furthermore give examples of the biological performance of the enzymatically degradable liposomes as advanced drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Andresen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Building 207, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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