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Okamura H, Yasuno Y, Nakayama A, Kumadaki K, Kitsuwa K, Ozawa K, Tamura Y, Yamamoto Y, Shinada T. Selective oxidation of alcohol- d 1 to aldehyde- d 1 using MnO 2. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28530-28534. [PMID: 35478564 PMCID: PMC9037989 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05405h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective oxidation of alcohol-d1 to prepare aldehyde-d1 was newly developed by means of NaBD4 reduction/activated MnO2 oxidation. Various aldehyde-d1 derivatives including aromatic and unsaturated aldehyde-d1 can be prepared with a high deuterium incorporation ratio (up to 98% D). Halogens (chloride, bromide, and iodide), alkene, alkyne, ester, nitro, and cyano groups in the substrates are tolerated under the mild conditions. A facile method for deutrium incorporation into aldehydes by mild reduction of NaBD4 of aldehydes and MnO2 oxidation (98% D) is disclosed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Okamura
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Yoko Yasuno
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakayama
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Katsushi Kumadaki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Kohei Kitsuwa
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Keita Ozawa
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Yusaku Tamura
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shinada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi Osaka 558-8585 Japan
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2
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Shinada T. Biosynthetic Reaction Mechanism of Terpene Synthases by Using Deuterium Labelled Acyclic Terpenes. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Membrane Lipid Composition: Effect on Membrane and Organelle Structure, Function and Compartmentalization and Therapeutic Avenues. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092167. [PMID: 31052427 PMCID: PMC6540057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes are key elements for the maintenance of cell architecture and physiology. Beyond a pure barrier separating the inner space of the cell from the outer, the plasma membrane is a scaffold and player in cell-to-cell communication and the initiation of intracellular signals among other functions. Critical to this function is the plasma membrane compartmentalization in lipid microdomains that control the localization and productive interactions of proteins involved in cell signal propagation. In addition, cells are divided into compartments limited by other membranes whose integrity and homeostasis are finely controlled, and which determine the identity and function of the different organelles. Here, we review current knowledge on membrane lipid composition in the plasma membrane and endomembrane compartments, emphasizing its role in sustaining organelle structure and function. The correct composition and structure of cell membranes define key pathophysiological aspects of cells. Therefore, we explore the therapeutic potential of manipulating membrane lipid composition with approaches like membrane lipid therapy, aiming to normalize cell functions through the modification of membrane lipid bilayers.
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4
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Jiang H, Zhang X, Chen X, Aramsangtienchai P, Tong Z, Lin H. Protein Lipidation: Occurrence, Mechanisms, Biological Functions, and Enabling Technologies. Chem Rev 2018; 118:919-988. [PMID: 29292991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein lipidation, including cysteine prenylation, N-terminal glycine myristoylation, cysteine palmitoylation, and serine and lysine fatty acylation, occurs in many proteins in eukaryotic cells and regulates numerous biological pathways, such as membrane trafficking, protein secretion, signal transduction, and apoptosis. We provide a comprehensive review of protein lipidation, including descriptions of proteins known to be modified and the functions of the modifications, the enzymes that control them, and the tools and technologies developed to study them. We also highlight key questions about protein lipidation that remain to be answered, the challenges associated with answering such questions, and possible solutions to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xiao Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Pornpun Aramsangtienchai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zhen Tong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hening Lin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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5
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Totsuka Y, Ueda S, Kuzuyama T, Shinada T. Facile Synthesis of Deuterium-Labelled Geranylgeraniols. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20140384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shota Ueda
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University
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6
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Palsuledesai CC, Distefano MD. Protein prenylation: enzymes, therapeutics, and biotechnology applications. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:51-62. [PMID: 25402849 PMCID: PMC4301080 DOI: 10.1021/cb500791f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Protein
prenylation is a ubiquitous covalent post-translational modification
found in all eukaryotic cells, comprising attachment of either a farnesyl
or a geranylgeranyl isoprenoid. It is essential for the proper cellular
activity of numerous proteins, including Ras family GTPases and heterotrimeric
G-proteins. Inhibition of prenylation has been extensively investigated
to suppress the activity of oncogenic Ras proteins to achieve antitumor
activity. Here, we review the biochemistry of the prenyltransferase
enzymes and numerous isoprenoid analogs synthesized to investigate
various aspects of prenylation and prenyltransferases. We also give
an account of the current status of prenyltransferase inhibitors as
potential therapeutics against several diseases including cancers,
progeria, aging, parasitic diseases, and bacterial and viral infections.
Finally, we discuss recent progress in utilizing protein prenylation
for site-specific protein labeling for various biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charuta C. Palsuledesai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mark D. Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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7
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Tolstyka ZP, Richardson W, Bat E, Stevens CJ, Parra DP, Dozier JK, Distefano MD, Dunn B, Maynard HD. Chemoselective immobilization of proteins by microcontact printing and bio-orthogonal click reactions. Chembiochem 2013; 14:2464-71. [PMID: 24166802 PMCID: PMC3962834 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a combination of microcontact printing of functionalized alkanethiols and site-specific modification of proteins is utilized to chemoselectively immobilize proteins onto gold surfaces, either by oxime- or copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide click chemistry. Two molecules capable of click reactions were synthesized, an aminooxy-functionalized alkanethiol and an azide-functionalized alkanethiol, and self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formation on gold was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The alkanethiols were then individually patterned onto gold surfaces by microcontact printing. Site-specifically modified proteins-horse heart myoglobin (HHMb) containing an N-terminal α-oxoamide and a red fluorescent protein (mCherry-CVIA) with a C-terminal alkyne-were immobilized by incubation onto respective stamped functionalized alkanethiol patterns. Pattern formation was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P. Tolstyka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Wade Richardson
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Erhan Bat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Caitlin J. Stevens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dayanara P. Parra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan K. Dozier
- Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant Street S. E. Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mark D. Distefano
- Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant Street S. E. Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bruce Dunn
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Heather D. Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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8
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Ochocki JD, Distefano MD. Prenyltransferase Inhibitors: Treating Human Ailments from Cancer to Parasitic Infections. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013; 4:476-492. [PMID: 25530833 DOI: 10.1039/c2md20299a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The posttranslational modification of protein prenylation is a covalent lipid modification on the C-terminus of substrate proteins that serves to enhance membrane affinity. Oncogenic proteins such as Ras have this modification and significant effort has been placed into developing inhibitors of the prenyltransferase enzymes for clinical therapy. In addition to cancer therapy, prenyltransferase inhibitors have begun to find important therapeutic uses in other diseases, including progeria, hepatitis C and D, parasitic infections, and other maladies. This review will trace the evolution of prenyltransferase inhibitors from their initial use as cancer therapeutics to their expanded applications for other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Ochocki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
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9
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Wollack JW, Silverman JM, Petzold CJ, Mougous JD, Distefano MD. A minimalist substrate for enzymatic peptide and protein conjugation. Chembiochem 2010; 10:2934-43. [PMID: 19856367 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently a number of nonnatural prenyl groups containing alkynes and azides have been developed as handles to perform click chemistry on proteins and peptides ending in the sequence "CAAX", where C is a cysteine that becomes alkylated, A is an aliphatic amino acid and X is any amino acid. When such molecules are modified, a tag containing a prenyl analogue and the "CAAX box" sequence remains. Here we report the synthesis of an alkyne-containing substrate comprised of only nine nonhydrogen atoms. This substrate was synthesized in six steps from 3-methylbut-2-en-1-ol and has been enzymatically incorporated into both proteins and peptides by using protein farnesyltransferase. After prenylation the final three amino acids required for enzymatic recognition can be removed by using carboxypeptidase Y, leaving a single residue (the cysteine from the "CAAX box") and the prenyl analogue as the only modifications. We also demonstrate that this small tag minimizes the impact of the modification on the solubility of the targeted protein. Hence, this new approach should be useful for applications in which the presence of a large tag hinders the modified protein's solubility, reactivity, or utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Wollack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
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10
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Lenevich S, Xu J, Hosokawa A, Cramer CJ, Distefano MD. Transition state analysis of model and enzymatic prenylation reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:5796-7. [PMID: 17439118 PMCID: PMC2561324 DOI: 10.1021/ja069119j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Lenevich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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11
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Lane KT, Beese LS. Thematic review series: lipid posttranslational modifications. Structural biology of protein farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase type I. J Lipid Res 2006; 47:681-99. [PMID: 16477080 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r600002-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 100 proteins necessary for eukaryotic cell growth, differentiation, and morphology require posttranslational modification by the covalent attachment of an isoprenoid lipid (prenylation). Prenylated proteins include members of the Ras, Rab, and Rho families, lamins, CENPE and CENPF, and the gamma subunit of many small heterotrimeric G proteins. This modification is catalyzed by the protein prenyltransferases: protein farnesyltransferase (FTase), protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I), and GGTase-II (or RabGGTase). In this review, we examine the structural biology of FTase and GGTase-I (the CaaX prenyltransferases) to establish a framework for understanding the molecular basis of substrate specificity and mechanism. These enzymes have been identified in a number of species, including mammals, fungi, plants, and protists. Prenyltransferase structures include complexes that represent the major steps along the reaction path, as well as a number of complexes with clinically relevant inhibitors. Such complexes may assist in the design of inhibitors that could lead to treatments for cancer, viral infection, and a number of deadly parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly T Lane
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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12
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Taylor JS, Reid TS, Terry KL, Casey PJ, Beese LS. Structure of mammalian protein geranylgeranyltransferase type-I. EMBO J 2004; 22:5963-74. [PMID: 14609943 PMCID: PMC275430 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdg571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein geranylgeranyltransferase type-I (GGTase-I), one of two CaaX prenyltransferases, is an essential enzyme in eukaryotes. GGTase-I catalyzes C-terminal lipidation of >100 proteins, including many GTP- binding regulatory proteins. We present the first structural information for mammalian GGTase-I, including a series of substrate and product complexes that delineate the path of the chemical reaction. These structures reveal that all protein prenyltransferases share a common reaction mechanism and identify specific residues that play a dominant role in determining prenyl group specificity. This hypothesis was confirmed by converting farnesyltransferase (15-C prenyl substrate) into GGTase-I (20-C prenyl substrate) with a single point mutation. GGTase-I discriminates against farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) at the product turnover step through the inability of a 15-C FPP to displace the 20-C prenyl-peptide product. Understanding these key features of specificity is expected to contribute to optimization of anti-cancer and anti-parasite drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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13
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Mu Y, Eubanks LM, Poulter CD, Gibbs RA. Coupling of isoprenoid triflates with organoboron nucleophiles: synthesis and biological evaluation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:1207-19. [PMID: 11886785 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Suzuki coupling reaction has been used to introduce a methyl group derived from commercially available methylboronic acid into a vinyl triflate. This has led to a concise synthesis of all-trans-geranylgeraniol, with the key step being the palladium-catalyzed, silver-mediated methylation of triflate to give ethyl geranylgeranoate. This coupling protocol has also been used to produce the novel geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) analogue 3-phenyl-3-desmethylgeranylgeranyl diphosphate (3-PhGGPP, ). Our previously developed organocuprate coupling protocol has been used to introduce the cyclopropyl and tert-butyl moieties into the 3-position of vinyl triflate. The four GGPP analogues 3-vinyl-3-desmethylgeranylgeranyl diphosphate (3-vGGPP, ), 3-cyclopropyl-3-desmethylgeranylgeranyl diphosphate (3-cpGGPP, ), 3-tert-butyl-3-desmethyl-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (3-tbGGPP, ), and were then evaluated as potential inhibitors of recombinant yeast protein-geranylgeranyl transferase I (PGGTase I). The potential mechanism-based inhibitors 3-vGGPP and 3-cpGGPP did not exhibit time-dependent inactivation of PGGTase I. Instead, both analogues were alternative substrates, in accord with the interaction of the corresponding farnesyl analogues 3-vFPP and 3-cpFPP with PFTase. The tert-butyl and phenyl analogues were not substrates, but were instead competitive inhibitors of PGGTase I. Note that all four of the GGPP analogues were bound less tightly by the enzyme than the natural substrate, in contrast to the behavior of the 3-substituted FPP analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- YongQi Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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14
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Metzler DE, Metzler CM, Sauke DJ. Polyprenyl (Isoprenoid) Compounds. Biochemistry 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-012492543-4/50025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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