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Evans CP, Elfman F, Cunha G, Shuman MA. Decreased prostate cancer cell migration by inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor II/Mannose-6-Phosphate receptor. Urol Oncol 2012; 3:166-70. [PMID: 21227140 DOI: 10.1016/s1078-1439(98)00020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The 270-kDa insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II)/cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (MPR) is a multifunctional receptor protein. Endocytoses and intracellular transport of soluble enzymes bearing mannose6-phosphate (M-6-P) residues to lysosomes is mediated by the IGF-II/MPR. We examined human prostate cancer cells for IGF-II/MPR expression to determine whether this receptor mediates cell migration. PC3 human prostate cancer cells were studied for intracellular IGF-II/MPR by immunoblotting. PC3 cell surface IGF-II/MPR expression was assessed by flow cytometric analysis. Cell motility was quantitated by a scratch migration assay, and IGF-II/MPR blockade was achieved using M-6-P or affinity-purified rabbit anti-bovine cation-independent IGF-II/MPR immunoglobulin. IGF-II/MPR is expressed in the cytoplasm and on the surface of PC3 prostate cancer cells. The mean number of PC3 cells migrating per high powered field in medium containing polyclonal anti-IGF-II/MPR immunoglobulin or M-6-P decreased significantly (5 ± 4 cells and 34 ± 5 cells, respectively) compared with control medium containing mouse immunoglobulin G (70 ± 12 cells) or mannose-1-phosphate (67 ± 7 cells). This decreased PC3 cell migration following cell surface IGF-II/MPR blockade suggests that the IGF-II/MPR may play an important role in prostate cancer cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Evans
- Department of Urology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA USA
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2
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Luikart SD, Krug HE, Nelson RD, Hinkel T, Majeski P, Gupta P, Mahowald ML, Oegema T. Mactinin: a modulator of the monocyte response to inflammation. Arthritis Res Ther 2003; 5:R310-6. [PMID: 12932295 PMCID: PMC333421 DOI: 10.1186/ar799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2003] [Revised: 07/08/2003] [Accepted: 07/11/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During inflammatory processes, monocytes leave the blood stream at increased rates and enter inflammation tissue, where they undergo phenotypic transformation to mature macrophages with enhanced phagocytic activity. alpha-Actinin, a cytoskeletal protein, is present in focal adhesion complexes and left in the microenvironment as a result of cell movement. Mactinin, a 31 kDa amino-terminal fragment of alpha-actinin, is generated by the degradation of extracellular alpha-actinin by monocyte-secreted urokinase. We have previously demonstrated that mactinin promotes monocyte/macrophage maturation. We now report that 0.5-10 nM mactinin has significant chemotactic activity for monocytes. Mactinin seems to be present in inflammatory arthritis synovial fluid, because affinity-purified antisera reacted with a protein of the expected molecular mass in various types of arthritis fluids that were immunoaffinity-purified and subjected to Western analysis. Thus, six of seven samples from patients with psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, gout, or ankylosing spondylitis contained mactinin at levels that are active in vitro. Initially, mactinin was not found in affinity-purified rheumatoid arthritis samples. However, it was detectable after the dissociation of immune complexes, suggesting that it was complexed to anti-microfilament auto-antibodies. In addition, mactinin was found in the lavage fluid from the arthritic knee joints of rabbits with antigen-induced arthritis and was absent from the contralateral control knee fluids. We conclude that mactinin is present in several types of inflammatory arthritis and might modulate mononuclear phagocyte response to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon D Luikart
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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3
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Tanghetti E, Ria R, Dell'Era P, Urbinati C, Rusnati M, Ennas MG, Presta M. Biological activity of substrate-bound basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2): recruitment of FGF receptor-1 in endothelial cell adhesion contacts. Oncogene 2002; 21:3889-97. [PMID: 12032827 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2001] [Revised: 02/08/2002] [Accepted: 02/19/2002] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Substrate-bound FGF2 promotes endothelial cell adhesion by interacting with alpha(v)beta(3) integrin. Here, endothelial GM7373 cells spread and organize focal adhesion plaques on immobilized FGF2, fibronectin (FN), and vitronectin (VN). alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, paxillin, focal adhesion kinase, vinculin and pp60(src) localize in cell-substratum contact sites on FGF2, FN or VN. However, only immobilized FGF2 induces a long-lasting activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases(1/2) (ERK(1/2)) and cell proliferation that was inhibited by the ERK(1/2) inhibitor PD 098059 and the tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitor tyrphostin 23, pointing to the engagement of FGF receptor (FGFR) at the basal side of the cell. To assess this hypothesis, GM7373 cells were transfected with a dominant negative TK(-)-DeltaFGFR1 mutant (GM7373-DeltaFGFR1 cells) or with the full-length receptor (GM7373-FGFR1 cells). Both transfectants adhere and spread on FGF2 but GM7373-DeltaFGFR1 cells do not proliferate. Also, parental and GM7373-FGFR1 cells, but not GM7373-DeltaFGFR1 cells, undergo morphological changes and increased motility on FGF2-coated plastic. Finally, FGFR1, but not TK(-)-DeltaFGFR1, localizes in cell adhesion contacts on immobilized FGF2. In conclusion, substrate-bound FGF2 induces endothelial cell proliferation, motility, and the recruitment of FGFR1 in cell-substratum contacts. This may contribute to the cross talk among intracellular signaling pathways activated by FGFR1 and alpha(v)beta(3) integrin in endothelial cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Blotting, Western
- Cattle
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Division
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/metabolism
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Genes, Dominant
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Phosphorylation
- Plasmids/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/chemistry
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Vitronectin/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tanghetti
- Unit of General Pathology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Valsabbina 19, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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4
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Masri M, Wahl D, Oegema T, Luikart S. HL-60 cells degrade alpha-actinin to produce a fragment that promotes monocyte/macrophage maturation. Exp Hematol 1999; 27:345-52. [PMID: 10029174 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(98)00021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An amino-terminal fragment of alpha-actinin can promote monocyte/macrophage maturation. This fragment was initially isolated from media of HL-60 myeloid leukemia cells cultured on extracellular bone marrow matrix. To determine the source of this fragment in this culture system, we investigated whether HL-60 cells grown on bone marrow stroma have increased intracellular levels of alpha-actinin that may be released into the media during cell apoptosis. HL-60 cells grown on matrix showed no evidence of increased cellular alpha-actinin compared to cells grown on plastic substrata as measured by flow cytometry. In addition, there was no evidence of increased apoptosis as determined by DNA fragmentation assays or flow cytometry. However, 100 kD alpha-actinin was found in the extracellular matrix of bone marrow stroma by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy. The alpha-actinin content in the stroma was markedly decreased after exposure to HL-60 cells. Furthermore, lysates of HL-60 cells or of peripheral blood monocytes can degrade exogenous alpha-actinin to produce a 31 kD fragment, which promotes monocyte/macrophage maturation. We conclude that when alpha-actinin is present in the extracellular matrix, it can be modified by HL-60 cells to produce a maturation promoting 31 kD fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Masri
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
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5
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Del Rosso M, Pedersen N, Fibbi G, Pucci M, Dini G, Anichini E, Blasi F. Selective localization of receptors for urokinase amino-terminal fragment at substratum contact sites of an in vitro-established line of human epidermal cells. Exp Cell Res 1992; 203:427-34. [PMID: 1333982 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(92)90017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We have shown the presence of surface receptors for the amino-terminal fragment (ATF) of human urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) on an in vitro-established cell line of human epidermal origin by both radio-binding assays with human 125I-u-PA-ATF and transmission electron microscopy of a gold-u-PA complex. On the basis of cross-linking experiments with 125I-u-PA-ATF and subsequent autoradiography of the gels we have observed that such receptors are not spontaneously released into the culture medium. The treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C induces the release of the receptor, which behaves as a glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol(GPI)-anchored protein. Phase-partitioning experiments on cell lysates have shown that the receptor partitions into the detergent phase. By detaching cell monolayers with the chelating agent EDTA we have prepared the cell-substratum contact sites of these cells, which represent only the 3.5% of the surface membrane of monolayered cells. Such plasma membrane remnants are highly selected since they contain about 43% of total u-PA-ATF binding sites. Such binding sites show the same biochemical and morphological characteristics of u-PA-ATF receptors observed in the monolayered cells, thus indicating that u-PA is selectively concentrated at the level of cell-substratum contacts. This is likely to enable directional proteolysis for cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Del Rosso
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università di Firenze, Italy
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6
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Strauch AR, Berman MD, Miller HR. Substrate-associated macromolecules promote cytodifferentiation of BC3H1 myogenic cells. J Cell Physiol 1991; 146:337-48. [PMID: 1708777 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041460302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Differentiated mouse BC3H1 myogenic cells secrete substrate-associated macro-molecules (SAM) which restrict the proliferation of undifferentiated cells and promote both cell shape changes and expression of predominantly the vascular smooth muscle (VSM)-specific isoform of the contractile protein alpha-actin. While we previously reported that high cell density was required for stimulating maximal expression of VSM alpha-actin in BC3H1 cells (Strauch and Reeser: Journal of Biological Chemistry 264:8345-8355, 1989), the permissive effect of SAM on myoblast cytodifferentiation was not at all dependent on the formation of cell to cell contacts. This observation suggests that biogenesis of an extracellular matrix rather than the formation of physical contacts between cells may be the rate-limiting step for induction of VSM alpha-actin expression at high cell density. The biologically active moieties in SAM that promote cytodifferentiation also are expressed by mouse embryonic fibroblast cell lines and are distinctly different from a class of adheron-like macromolecules released by differentiated BC3H1 myocytes directly into the culture medium. While SAM was cell growth restrictive, reconstituted particulate material (RPM) prepared from myocyte-conditioned medium promoted the adhesion and proliferation of growth-arrested myoblasts. SAM and RPM are composed of different polypeptide subunits which collectively may establish microenvironmental conditions that are permissive for BC3H1 myogenic cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Strauch
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1239
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7
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Wujek JR, Haleem-Smith H, Yamada Y, Lipsky R, Lan YT, Freese E. Evidence that the B2 chain of laminin is responsible for the neurite outgrowth-promoting activity of astrocyte extracellular matrix. BRAIN RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 1990; 55:237-47. [PMID: 1701366 DOI: 10.1016/0165-3806(90)90205-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from cerebral cortical astrocytes stimulates neurite outgrowth from pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells in the absence of the classical nerve growth factor (NGF). We have shown here that astrocyte ECM can also stimulate neurite outgrowth from primary cultures of central nervous system (CNS) neurons. Using PC12 cells for a quantitative assay, we also demonstrated that the neurite growth-promoting activity increased as the astrocytes matured in vitro: ECM from older astrocytes (3-12 weeks in vitro) exhibited two-fold more neurite growth-promoting activity than ECM for younger astrocytes (5 days to 2 weeks in vitro). We applied various antibodies to identify the neurite growth-promoting factor of astrocyte ECM and found that anti-laminin inhibited neurite outgrowth by 50%, whereas anti-fibronectin and anti-NGF had no effect. Immunoblots, using laminin chain-specific antibodies, and cDNA hybridization of laminin mRNA demonstrated that cultured astrocytes synthesize only the B2 chain of laminin. This suggests that the B2 chain of laminin suffices to stimulate neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Wujek
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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8
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Bernhard WF. A fibrillar blood-prosthetic interface for both temporary and permanent ventricular assist devices: experimental and clinical observations. Artif Organs 1989; 13:255-71. [PMID: 2669695 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.1989.tb02873.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W F Bernhard
- Cardiovascular Surgical Research Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Massachusetts 02115
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9
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Barletta E, Mugnai G, Ruggieri S. Morphological characteristics and ganglioside composition of substratum adhesion sites in a hepatoma cell line (CMH5123 cells) during different phases of growth. Exp Cell Res 1989; 182:394-402. [PMID: 2498113 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(89)90244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the ganglioside composition of tissue culture substrate-attached material (SAM) with that of cell bodies in a line of transformed hepatocytes derived from the minimal deviation Morris hepatoma 5123 c (CMH5123 cells). We examined both confluent cultures (late-phase cultures) and cells which were allowed to attach for only 3 h (early-phase cultures). We also determined to what extent ganglioside compositions of SAM and cell bodies from early- and late-phase cultures of CMH5123 cells are affected by the block of complex ganglioside biosynthesis induced by treatment with chelating agents (EGTA + EDTA). The morphological characteristics of SAM were monitored by scanning electron microscopy during the different steps of this study. In early-phase cultures, SAM was composed of fragments of filopodia and small vesicles probably representing newly formed substratum adhesion sites. In contrast, SAM of late-phase cultures was made up of large pools of membranous material resulting from the breakage of thick retraction fibers connecting the cell body with broad, mature adhesion sites. SAM of early-phase cultures yielded ganglioside profiles with a higher content of GM1 and GD1 a than those of cell bodies, while in late-phase cultures there was no difference between SAM and cell body gangliosides. When cells were grown in the presence of chelating agents, SAM of early-phase cultures was composed of vesicles and filopodial fragments similar to those found in early-phase cultures grown in regular media; these morphological features also appeared in SAM of confluent cultures (in contrast to the membranous material characteristic of late-phase cultures grown in regular media). In early-phase cultures grown in the presence of chelating agents, gangliosides of SAM were enriched in complex homologs relative to their content in cell bodies. These ganglioside characteristics were also found in SAM of confluent cultures grown in the presence of chelating agents, reflecting the presence of newly formed adhesion sites. On the basis of these results, we may conclude that the molecular assembly of newly formed adhesion sites implies the preferential distribution of several surface components involved in cell adhesion, including complex gangliosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Barletta
- Institute of General Pathology, University of Florence, Italy
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10
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Harrisson F, Vanroelen C, Vakaet L. Morphological and immunocytochemical studies of fibronectin-coated, plasma membrane-limited vesicles in the early chicken embryo. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1988; 221:854-9. [PMID: 3189877 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1092210410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Vesticles with a mean outside diameter of 32.8 nm have been observed in the early chicken embryo after fixation with a mixture of glutaraldehyde and tannic acid. Densitometric tracing has revealed that the vesicles are limited by a unit membrane. The presence of complex carbohydrates is suggested by the increased electron density of the vesticles after addition of tannic acid to the fixative. Immunocytochemical staining with a monoclonal antibody directed against chicken cellular fibronectin demonstrated the presence of this glycoprotein along the surface of the vesicles. These results suggest a cellular origin of the vesicles, since their surface shares morphological and biochemical similarities with the cell surfaces of the embryonic tissue layers. Recycling of plasma-membrane vesicles may occur, as vesicles were found in the vicinity of coated vesicles. We postulate that extracellular materials of the cell surface, which may affect cell and tissue interactions, are shed in the environment together with plasma-membrane vesicles. The difficulties encountered in observing the vesicles stems from the facts that an adequate visualization method is necessary and that they are few in number. The latter reason suggests their transient nature. The vesicles probably rapidly disintegrate in the extracellular milieu or are recycled by the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Harrisson
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, State University Center, Antwerp, Belgium
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11
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Abstract
Focal adhesions are areas of cell surfaces where specializations of cytoskeletal, membrane and extracellular components combine to produce stable cell-matrix interactions. The morphology of these adhesions and the components identified in them are discussed together with possible mechanisms of their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Woods
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294
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12
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Pitaru S, Aubin JE, Bhargava U, Melcher AH. Immunoelectron microscopic studies on the distributions of fibronectin and actin in a cellular dense connective tissue: the periodontal ligament of the rat. J Periodontal Res 1987; 22:64-74. [PMID: 2950229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1987.tb01541.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Van Hoof J, Harrisson F. Interaction between epithelial basement membrane and migrating mesoblast cells in the avian blastoderm. Differentiation 1986; 32:120-4. [PMID: 3792701 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1986.tb00563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the remodeling of glucosamine-containing basement-membrane components in chimaeric avian embryos during gastrulation. Epiblast grafts metabolically labelled with tritiated glucosamine were excised from gastrulating quail embryos and implanted orthotopically into chicken embryos at the same developmental stage. The chimaerae were allowed to develop in culture for 5-7 h before autoradiographic processing. The resulting autoradiographs not only showed the presence of silver grains in the grafted quail tissue and at the level of its basement membrane, but also revealed labelling in the basement-membrane region of the chicken tissue lateral to the graft, i.e. between the mesoblast and epiblast. This last labelling extended as far as at the edge of the area pellucida, i.e. in a region of chicken tissue situated more laterally than the initial position of the graft. No labelling was observed medial, anterior, or posterior to the graft. This observation argues against the interpretation that our results were due to diffusion of labelled compounds within the basement membrane. We also provide evidence to exclude the possibility that quail epiblast cells migrated on their own underlying basement membrane, leaving behind a carpet of labelled material. Taking into account, firstly, the morphogenetic movements that occur during gastrulation, i.e. the movement of epiblast cells towards the primitive streak where they ingress, and the migration of mesoblast cells along the basement membrane towards the periphery of the area pellucida, and secondly, the medial movement of the basement membrane, it is suggested that mesoblast cells picked up labelled compounds in the basement membrane of the graft and left these behind during their lateral migration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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14
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Brauker JH, Roff CF, Wang JL. The effect of mannose 6-phosphate on the turnover of the proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix of human fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 1986; 164:115-26. [PMID: 3956589 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(86)90459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human fibroblasts (SL66) were cultured in medium containing 35SO2-4 to label the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The cells were then detached from the culture dish to leave radioactively-labeled components of the extracellular matrix, hereafter termed 35S-labeled substrate-attached material. When unlabeled SL66 fibroblasts were plated onto this 35S-labeled substrate-attached material, the cells mediated two distinct events: (a) release of radioactivity from the substrate-attached material into the medium; (b) degradation of certain glycosaminoglycans into radioactive components of very low molecular weight including free radioactive sulfate. In the presence of mannose 6-phosphate, however, the degradation of the substrate-attached material by SL66 cells was partially inhibited. Analyses of this effect in terms of the dose-response curve, saccharide specificity, ammonium chloride sensitivity, and the requirement for cells suggest that both an intracellular compartment and the mannose 6-phosphate receptor that binds lysosomal enzymes at the cell surface may play important roles in the turnover and degradation of certain proteoglycans in substrate-attached material.
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15
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Benoni D, Bradley WE. Highly adherent mutants of SV40-transformed mouse fibroblasts: genetic and biochemical characterization. J Cell Physiol 1986; 126:174-80. [PMID: 3003123 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041260205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mutants of SV40-transformed mouse fibroblasts have been isolated that have greatly increased cell-substratum adherence. The adherent phenotype (COL-) is recessive, and all mutants analyzed belong to one complementation group. No consistent qualitative differences between wild-type and mutant cells were found with respect to the protein content of the substrate-attached material (SAM), a cell surface fraction left after removal of cells from the substrate with a gentle Ca2+-chelating agent. However, the mutants yielded 2.5-10-fold more SAM than the parental cell line, and the SAM deposited by mutants was able to mediate attachment of transformed cells to a much greater degree than was the SAM from the parental cell line. The mutation, which appears to control the generation of footpads, was shown to cosegregate with resistance to the drug 6-thioguanine, which suggests X-linkage.
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16
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Harrisson F, Van Hoof J, Vanroelen C, Vakaet L. Transfer of extracellular matrix components between germ layers in chimaeric chicken-quail blastoderms. Cell Tissue Res 1985; 239:643-9. [PMID: 3986883 DOI: 10.1007/bf00219243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A chemical basis for the transmission of signals during gastrulation has been investigated by using chimaeric embryos resulting from the combination of 3H-glucosamine-labelled and unlabelled hypoblast with epiblast taken from chicken and quail embryos at stage 3 of Vakaet (1970). The ability to distinguish chicken from quail cells on the basis of their different nuclear distribution of heterochromatin after Feulgen staining made it possible to determine the origin of the cells in the chimaerae. Tritiated quail hypoblast (after incubation of the embryo in the presence of 3H-glucosamine) was transplanted onto unlabelled chicken blastoderm deprived of its hypoblast. After culture of the chimaera for 5 h, the autoradiographic pattern shows silver grains not only over the graft, but also at the ventral surface of the epiblast of the host. Transfer of label may occur to mesoblast cells, but not between chicken and quail hypoblast cells. Chase experiments exclude the possibility that unprocessed, tritiated glucosamine is transferred. Chemical fixation of the host before transplantation of a labelled quail hypoblast also allows visualization of a transfer of macromolecules from hypoblast to the basement membrane of the epiblast, suggesting that an intervention of the epiblast cells in this process is not necessary. The morphology of the chimaeric embryos, as studied by scanning electron microscopy, suggests a direct deposition of these macromolecules by filopodia of the dorsal surface of the hypoblast. The possibility of diffusion of free macromolecules has been considered and can reasonably be discarded on the basis of several observations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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17
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Mugnai G, Tombaccini D, Ruggieri S. Ganglioside composition of substrate-adhesion sites of normal and virally-transformed Balb/c 3T3 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1984; 125:142-8. [PMID: 6508793 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(84)80346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The ganglioside composition of the so-called substrate-attached material (SAM), which remains tightly bound to the tissue culture dish after cells are detached by chelating agents, was compared with the ganglioside composition of released cell bodies in the cultures of normal and various virally-transformed Balb/c 3T3 cells. Regardless of whether the cells were untransformed or transformed, the SAM of their cultures shows a ganglioside structure characterized by a prevalence of the higher homologs, mainly GD1a, over the simpler gangliosides, even when the level of higher homologs was reduced in the cell bodies of transformed cells. This result cannot be ascribed to the presence of plasmamembranes in the SAM as shown by ganglioside analysis of the plasmamembranes of some of the cells under study. Only in a highly metastatic transformed cell line did the SAM contain the same low GD1a level as found in the cell bodies.
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18
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Blenis J, Hawkes SP. Characterization of a transformation-sensitive protein in the extracellular matrix of chicken embryo fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)90899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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19
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Haas R, Banerji SS, Culp LA. Adhesion site composition of murine fibroblasts cultured on gelatin-coated substrata. J Cell Physiol 1984; 120:117-25. [PMID: 6430917 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts in vivo adhere to a collagenous extracellular matrix. We present here a combined morphological and biochemical analysis of the adhesion sites of fibroblast-like cells cultured in vitro on gelatin-coated plastic, for comparison with earlier model studies using serum (plasma-fibronectin [pFn])-coated plastic. Scanning electron microscopy shows that cell adhesion to the gelatin is quite similar to that on plastic, but with some morphological differences reminiscent of those caused by higher concentrations of fibronectin adsorbed to the substratum. Measurement using 125I-radiolabeled pFn shows the level of substratum-bound pFn adsorbed from serum in the growth medium is, however, comparable on gelatin or plastic; thus, differences due to pFn must be attributed to the quality of the adsorbed protein; not its absolute quantity. Gel electrophoretic analysis of cellular adhesion sites formed on the two substrata shows their compositions to be qualitatively similar, suggesting again that the same fundamental adhesion processes are involved. However, three protein bands do change; notably, cellular fibronectin is increased on gelatin. These three proteins are also the most resistant to saline extraction, suggesting their intrinsic importance in the adhesion sites. The nature of the growth substratum thus appears to modulate a fundamentally unvarying morphology and adhesion site composition of the cells that adhere to it.
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Mugnai G, Tombaccini D, Ruggieri S. Roles of gangliosides in the surface properties of normal and malignant cells. Toxicol Pathol 1984; 12:350-6. [PMID: 6099912 DOI: 10.1177/019262338401200408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides are ubiquitous plasma membrane components whose structural characteristics make it possible to establish multiple interactions with the pericellular microenvironment. Several receptorial activities of gangliosides have already been recognized and the possible involvement of gangliosides in growth control, adhesion, differentiation, and immunologic recognition is at present under study. The study of the role of gangliosides in cell growth control has been approached in our laboratory by investigating whether the ganglioside changes found in SV40-transformed Balb/c3T3 cells (SV3T3 cells) revert to a normal pattern in a variant of SV3T3 cells with growth properties similar to those of normal parental cells, the concanavalin A-selected SV3T3 revertant cells. These latter cells showed the same reduction of the more complex gangliosides as found in SV3T3 cells, while their amount of II3NeuAC-LacCer (GM3) was greatly increased compared to that found in either normal or transformed 3T3 cells. In order to study the role of gangliosides in the adhesion process, we analyzed the ganglioside structure of the so-called substrate-attached material, a cell surface structure involved in the adhesion of cells to substrate, from cultures of Balb/c3T3, SV3T3, and concanavalin A-selected SV3T3 revertant cells and from cultures of a system of transformed cells with different metastatic potential: the nonmetastatic B77-3T3 and the highly metastatic AA6 cells. Compared to normal cells, all the transformed cells contained smaller quantities of gangliosides in their substrate-attached material.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Lark MW, Culp LA. Turnover of heparan sulfate proteoglycans from substratum adhesion sites of murine fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)43643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
During experiments characterizing the turning response of dorsal root ganglion neurites toward NGF, it was observed that growth cone-substratum adherance increased with time in culture. The experiments reported here indicate that the observed increase in growth cone-substratum adherance is significant and can be detected with both collagen and poly-L-lysine substrates. The increased adherance is apparently due to a substance(s) produced and released by the ganglia which binds to the substrate, increasing adherance. Flow chamber studies indicate that the substrate-bound substance(s) may be necessary for neurite growth onto artificial tissue culture substrata.
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Lark MW, Culp LA. Selective solubilization of hyaluronic acid from fibroblast substratum adhesion sites. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)45345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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25
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Haas R, Culp LA. Properties and fate of plasma fibronectin bound to the tissue culture substratum. J Cell Physiol 1982; 113:289-97. [PMID: 7174731 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041130217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Plasma fibronectin (pFn) is a serum protein which, when adsorbed to a glass or plastic substratum, mediates the adhesion of fibroblasts in culture. We have studied some of the details of its adsorption and subsequent fate. By using 125I-labeled pFn, we show that a substratum incubated with pFn adsorbs approximately 0.4 microgram/cm2 pFn (a monomolecular layer), and one incubated with medium containing serum adsorbs approximately 7 ng/cm2 pFn (a 12-fold enrichment relative to a random selection of the soluble proteins). SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) suggests the bound serum proteins (eluted with SDS) are primarily BSA and beta-globulins. The bound pFn adheres so tightly, though, that most resists elution, as assayed 1) with pFn radioiodinated before binding, 2) with pFn radioiodinated after binding, or 3) by the cell spreading activity of the bound pFn retained after SDS treatment. Under culture conditions, there is a continuous "turnover" of substratum-bound pFn: soluble pFn can bind to a serum-coated substratum, while bound pFn is gradually removed by incubation with serum proteins. The presence of fibroblasts increases the rate of this removal several-fold. By SDS-PAGE the material removed (as well as that eluted from the substratum with SDS after cell detachment) is intact pFn or large (possibly proteolytically generated) fragments. Thus, pFn binds preferentially to the tissue culture substratum, but can be removed subsequently by the combined action of cells and other serum proteins.
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26
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Witt DP, Gordon JA. Most iodinatable fibroblast surface proteins accompany the cytoplast membrane during cytochalasin B-mediated enucleation of chick embryo fibroblasts. J Cell Biol 1982; 94:557-64. [PMID: 6890065 PMCID: PMC2112217 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.94.3.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Six different proteins are found to be reproducibly exposed on the cell surface of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) by the criterion of lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination (250,000, 185,000, 130,000, 100,000, 87,000, and 75,000 daltons). We wondered whether cell enucleation might lead to a differential partition of these surface proteins with the karyoplast or cytoplast membrane. We found that there is a marked enrichment of most iodinatable cell surface proteins in the cytoplast after cytochalasin-mediated enucleation of cell monolayers. Nearly all the iodinatable fibronectin remains with the cytoplast. Of the six labeled proteins, the karyoplast membrane contains a small amount of the 130 kdalton protein as well as trace levels of the 100-, 85-, and 75-kdalton proteins. Proteolysis or selective shedding of membrane proteins were not significant factors in the relative exclusion of iodinatable membrane proteins from the karyoplast. The cytoplast could replace some exposed membrane proteins after removal by trypsinization; however, fibronectin was not detectable within 10 h. That the karyoplast was not capable of membrane protein synthesis and/or insertion was suggested by the lack of any change in the labeling pattern of karyoplasts up to 8-h incubation after enucleation. A variety of control studies indicated that the surface proteins identified in this report were cell-derived and not adsorbed serum components. That some of the iodinatable proteins are intrinsic membrane proteins was suggested by their resistance to removal by conditions thought to extract extrinsic membrane proteins (i.e., low salt, high salt, and NaOH washes). lack of effect of cytoskeletal disrupting agents (preliminary evidence) suggests the nonrandom partition of membrane proteins may depend on anchoring of membrane proteins by a system(s) in the cytoplast other than intact microtubules and microfilaments.
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Bayley SA, Rees DA. Analysis of the proteins, glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans of fibroblast adhesions to substratum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1982; 689:351-62. [PMID: 7115714 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(82)90269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The focal adhesion preparations which remain attached to a glass substratum when fibroblast bodies are removed by a gentle stream of buffer have been analysed by gel electrophoresis coupled with other selective methods of analysis. The results are consistent with the presence of three classes of macromolecular components. (i) Muscle and associated proteins amongst which actin was abundant with significant amounts of tropomyosin, some myosin and traces of alpha-actinin. Some vimentin was present but no vinculin. We detected a major new protein component, as yet unidentified, with a molecular weight in the region of 50000-55000 which is not desmin or tubulin and could have an important function at the focal adhesion. (ii) Glycoproteins which are a specialised subset of those in the whole plasma membrane and included a family which bind ricin and therefore contain beta-galactose end groups, together with a series having carbohydrate chains which bound neither ricin nor concanavalin A. The relative proportion of ricin-binding glycoproteins compared to concanavalin A-binding glycoproteins was higher than in whole plasma membranes. (iii) Glycosaminoglycans, with hyaluronate identified as the major component by column chromatography and its susceptibility to Streptomyces hyaluronidase.
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Hagmann W, Anderer FA. Endogenous protein phosphorylation in adhesive plaques of substrate-attached fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1982; 104:1585-91. [PMID: 6280720 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(82)91433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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29
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Garner JA, Culp LA. Aggregation competence of proteoglycans from the substratum adhesion sites of murine fibroblasts. Biochemistry 1981; 20:7350-9. [PMID: 7326230 DOI: 10.1021/bi00529a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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30
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Avnur Z, Geiger B. Substrate-attached membranes of cultured cells isolation and characterization of ventral cell membranes and the associated cytoskeleton. J Mol Biol 1981; 153:361-79. [PMID: 7040683 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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31
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Keski-Oja J, Todaro GJ, Vaheri A. Thrombin affects fibronectin and procollagen in the pericellular matrix of cultured human fibroblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1981; 673:323-31. [PMID: 7225421 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(81)90463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the effects of human thrombin on the isolated pericellular matrix of cultured human lung fibroblasts. Cell-free matrices were prepared from confluent cultures of cells by extraction with sodium deoxycholate and hypotonic buffer after radiolabeling the cultures with [14C]glycine. After the extraction, only a few radiolabeled polypeptides were retained on the culture dishes. These were identified as fibronectin, procollagens, and as yet unidentified polypeptides with molecular weights of 180 000, 140 000, 66 000 and 43 000. The matrices were exposed to thrombin in serum-free medium and the changes in the matrix-associated proteins were studied in autoradiograms of polyacrylamide gels. As a result of the treatment, there was massive release of both fibronectin and procollagen from the matrices into the medium. In addition , thrombin cleaved the 66 000 dalton polypeptide to a 62 000 dalton form that remained in the matrix. Collagenase treatment did not bring about the release of fibronectin or affect the 66 000 dalton protein. Some procollagen was also cleaved by thrombin; when high concentrations of thrombin were used cleavage of fibronectin took place. These effects of thrombin may operate in wounded areas in vivo.
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Warburton MJ, Head LP, Rudland PS. Redistribution of fibronectin and cytoskeletal proteins during the differentiation of rat mammary tumor cells in vitro. Exp Cell Res 1981; 132:57-66. [PMID: 7009176 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(81)90082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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33
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Murray BA, Culp LA. Multiple and masked pools of fibronectin in murine fibroblast cell--substratum adhesion sites. Exp Cell Res 1981; 131:237-49. [PMID: 7009172 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(81)90229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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34
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Akiyama SK, Yamada KM, Hayashi M. The structure of fibronectin and its role in cellular adhesion. JOURNAL OF SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY 1981; 16:345-8. [PMID: 6273596 DOI: 10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Fibronectin is a large, adhesive glycoprotein which is found in a number of locations, most notably on cell surfaces, in extracellular matrixes, and in blood. Fibronectin had been detected in all vertebrates tested and in many invertebrates. Its presence in sponges is significant because this suggests that fibronectin may have appeared very early in evolution, possibly with the most primitive multicellular organisms. Cellular and plasma fibronectins have many striking similarities. However, the locations of the polypeptide chain differences between these two proteins indicate that plasma fibronectin cannot be derived from cellular fibronectin by means of simple post-translational proteolysis. Instead, these different types of fibronectin may be products of different genes or of differentially spliced messenger RNA molecules. Amniotic fluid fibronectin is possibly a third form of the protein. Cellular and plasma fibronectins are composed of at least six protease-resistant domains which contain specific binding sites for actin, gelatin, heparin, Staphylococcus aureus, transglutaminase, fibrin, DNA, and a cell surface receptor. The relative locations of these domains have been mapped in the primary structure of fibronectin. The cell surface receptor for fibronectin has not been positively identified, but may be a glycoprotein, a glycolipid, or a complex of the two. Although cell-substratum adhesion is mediated by fibronectin, the locations of the areas of closest approach of the cell to the substratum (the adhesion plaques) and fibronectin are not coincident under conditions of active cell growth. Under conditions of cell growth arrest in low serum concentrations, some fibronectin may become localized at the adhesion plaques. Models describing the domain structure of fibronectin and the molecular organization of the adhesion plaque area are presented.
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36
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Robinson JM, Karnovsky MJ. Specializations in filopodial membranes at points of attachment to the substrate. J Cell Biol 1980; 87:562-8. [PMID: 6780570 PMCID: PMC2110799 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.87.3.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A mouse cell line (LM), which grows predominantly as spindle-shaped cells with numerous filopodia, was employed in this study. These filopodial projections appear to be important as sites of attachment to the substratum in LM cells. Morphologically the filopodia are slender projections from the cell body which usually attach to the substrate at their distal ends (filopodial footpads). Freeze-fracture of monolayer cultures in situ preserves the spatial relationship of filopodial processes to that of the cell body. Examination of these freeze-fracture preparations reveals a striking difference in the density of intramembrane particles (IMP) in the filopodial-footpad plasmalemma compared with the plasmalemma of the cell body (number of IMP in footpad > cell body). Additionally, there is a marked difference in the number of filipin-sterol complexes on the cell body, compared with the filopodial footpad, implying a difference in the cholesterol content in these regions (filipin-sterol complexes in footpad < cell body). These data suggest a structural and functional specialization of the filopodial-footpad plasma membrane which may be related to cell adhesion.
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37
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Bottenstein JE, Sato GH. Fibronectin and polylysine requirement for proliferation of neuroblastoma cells in defined medium. Exp Cell Res 1980; 129:361-6. [PMID: 7428826 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(80)90504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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38
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Rates of glycosaminoglycan synthesis and rates of incorporation of radioactive precursors into newly synthesized glycosaminoglycan by confluent rat muscle fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)70548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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39
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Murray BA, Ansbacher R, Culp LA. Adhesion sites of murine fibroblasts on cold insoluble globulin-adsorbed substrata. J Cell Physiol 1980; 104:335-48. [PMID: 7419609 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041040307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The attachment and detachment behavior of three mouse fibroblast cell lines adhering to plastic tissue culture substrata coated with the serum protein cold-insoluble globulin (CIg) resembles that seen on the usual serum-coated substrata. The transformed cell line SVT2 spreads more extensively on the CIg-coated than on the serum-coated substratum, while the nontransformed Balb/c 3T3 line and concanavalin A-selected "revertant" of SVT2 are equally well spread on both substrata. In all three cases, immunofluorescence microscopy using antibodies to CIg suggests that the cells are more tightly apposed to the CIg-coated substratum than to the serum-coated substratum. Substrate-attached material (SAM), which contains cell-substratum adhesion sites and which is left after EGTA-mediated detachment of cells, is enriched for cell surface fibronectin and glycosaminoglycans (GAG). When cells are seeded onto CIg-coated substrata rather than serum-coated substrata, there is an increased deposition of GAG but a comparable deposition of cellular proteins. The protein distribution of the two types of SAM are identical as analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, including fibronectin content. This indicates that substratum-bound CIg cannot functionally substitute for cell surface fibronectin in these adhesion sites. Analysis of the GAG deposited on CIg-coated substrata reveals that hyaluronate and the chondroitins are increased to a much greater extent than heparan sulfate; however, the ratio of hyaluronate to the various chondroitin species is invariant. These data provide further evidence that hyaluronate and the chondroitins are deposited in adhesion sites in well-defined stoichiometric proportions, possibly as supramolecular complexes, and that CIg may mediate adhesion of cells in the serum layer by binding to GAG-containing proteoglycans.
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Chin NW, Lanks KW. Use of immobilized lactoperoxidase to label L cell proteins involved in adhesion to polystyrene. J Cell Biol 1980; 85:402-13. [PMID: 6892817 PMCID: PMC2110604 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.85.2.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins involved in the attachment of murine L cells to polystyrene have been identified by a technique designed to iodinate only those macromolecules coming into closet apposition to the substratum. Whereas soluble lactoperoxidase (LPO) catalyzes the radioiodination of a broad spectrum of polypeptides, the same enzyme immobilized on polystyrene tissue culture flasks discriminately labels 55,000 and 42,000 mol wt polypeptides that adhere tightly to the substratum after the cells are removed. One-dimensional peptide mapping following limited proteolysis showed that the labeled 55,000 mol wt polypeptide is similar to a component of comparable molecular weight present in the detergent-extracted cytoskeleton. The functional association of two cytoskeletal structures, presumably 10-nm filaments and actin, is discussed, and alternative explanations for their susceptibility to iodination by immobilized LPO are presented.
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Pearlstein E, Gold LI, Garcia-Pardo A. Fibronectin: a review of its structure and biological activity. Mol Cell Biochem 1980; 29:103-28. [PMID: 6988694 DOI: 10.1007/bf00220304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
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43
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Via DP, Sramek S, Larriba G, Steiner S. Effects of sodium butyrate on the membrane glycoconjugates of murine sarcoma virus-transformed rat cells. J Cell Biol 1980; 84:225-34. [PMID: 7380882 PMCID: PMC2110554 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.84.2.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The temporal relationship between butyrate-induced cellular flattening of murine sarcoma virus-transformed rat cells (MSV-NRK) and alterations in certain surface-associated biochemical markers of transformation, e.g., surface glycopeptides, glycolipids, fibronectin, hexose uptake, and cell-substrate adhesion was examined. The induction of elevated levels of the ganglioside GM3 and of a GDla-like ganglioside were observed to precede or to parallel cellular flattening. Likewise, enhanced incorporation of radioisotopically labeled fucose into a novel fucose-containing component, i.e., glucopyranosyl (1 leads to 3) fucopyranosyl-threonine, was also observed to occur at an early stage of cellular flattening. In contrast, a shift in the molecular weight distribution of trypsin-sensitive, surface fucopeptides was observed to occur at a late stage of cellular flattening. Moreover, surface fibronectin was not detectable in the butyrate-flattened MSV-NRK cells despite the fact that the cells manifested significantly enhanced cell-substrate adhesion. Thus, butyrate appears to be a useful tool for understanding the sequential changes associated with expression of the transformed phenotype of MSV-NRK cells.
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Cates GA, Holland PC. Surface-labelling studies on skeletal-muscle cells in vitro. Heterogeneity of iodinated cell-surface proteins. Biochem J 1980; 186:211-6. [PMID: 7370009 PMCID: PMC1161521 DOI: 10.1042/bj1860211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
1. Two distinct classes of protein were detected at the surface of chick-embryo skeletal-muscle cells after iodination of the cells in monolayer culture. 2. The two classes of iodinated proteins differed in their ability to co-purify with a vesicular plasma-membrane fraction prepared from surface-labelled cells. 3. One class consisted of predominantly high-molecular-weight glycoproteins that co-purified with the plasma-membrane fraction, but showed no significant qualitative or quantitative alterations in labelling with 125I and lactoperoxidase during myogenesis. 4. A second class of predominantly lower-molecular-weight proteins showed reproducible quantitative alterations in 125I-labelling during myogenesis but failed to co-purify with the plasma-membrane fraction. 5. This second class of proteins may represent matrix proteins involved in intercellular adhesion or adhesion of cells to the substratum. They are unlikely to be directly required for the process of plasma-membrane fusion during myogenesis, since they do not copurify with a vesicular plasma-membrane fraction known to be capable of Ca2+-dependent fusion in vitro.
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45
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Otto AM, Mühlradt PF. Cell cycle dependent rate of labelling of cellular and secreted glycosaminoglycans in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE 1980; 13:281-94. [PMID: 7206711 DOI: 10.1002/jss.400130302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cultures of embryonic fibroblasts from Balb/c or CBA/J mice were given 12-h pulses of 14C-galactose, or were double-labelled with 3H-galactose and 35H-sulfate. The time course of the rates of labelling of glycosaminoglycans--galactose label was found in the uronic acid moiety--was studied in synchronously and asynchronously growing cultures. Partial synchrony was achieved by trypsinising quiescent, confluent cells and subsequent transfer of cells to new cultures with fresh medium. Synchrony was monitored by measurement of thymidine uptake in parallel cultures. The distribution of label in the hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and heparan sulfate fractions from cells and culture media was determined at each time point. Peaks of DNA synthesis were accompanied by or followed 12 h later by a maximal rate of labelling with galactose of secreted glycosaminoglycans, and with the exception of hyaluronic acid--also of cellular glycosaminoglycans. The rate of labelling with galactose of glycosphingolipids in parallel cultures followed a different time course. In double-label experiments the rates of labelling of glycosaminoglycan sulfates with 3H-galactose and 35S-sulfate did not go parallel. In older, quiescent cultures the labelling rate with galactose decreased while the sulfation rate increased. It is discussed that the labelling rate with galactose is indicative of the biosynthetic rate of the glycosaminoglycans. The conclusion is reached that glycosaminoglycans are preferentially synthesized and secreted after the S phase of the cell cycle.
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Hawrot E. Cultured sympathetic neurons: effects of cell-derived and synthetic substrata on survival and development. Dev Biol 1980; 74:136-51. [PMID: 7350006 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(80)90057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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48
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49
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Rollins BJ, Culp LA. Preliminary characterization of the proteoglycans in the substrate adhesion sites of normal and virus-transformed murine cells. Biochemistry 1979; 18:5621-9. [PMID: 229898 DOI: 10.1021/bi00592a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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50
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Haas R, Culp LA. Adhesion of murine cells to glass microbeads: substrate-adsorbed serum proteins. J Cell Physiol 1979; 101:279-92. [PMID: 229116 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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