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Hayenga K, Hedgcoth C, Harrison M, Lin VK, Ortwerth BJ. Structural relationship between tRNALys2 and tRNALys4 from mouse lymphoma cells. Mol Cell Biochem 1986; 71:25-30. [PMID: 3636595 DOI: 10.1007/bf00219325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mouse lymphoma cells have three major isoaccepting lysine tRNAs. Two of these isoacceptors, tRNALys2 and tRNALys4, were sequenced by rapid gel or chromatogram readout methods. They have the same primary sequence but differ in two modified nucleotides. tRNALys4 has an unmodified uridine replacing one dihydrouridine and an unidentified nucleotide, t6A*, replacing t6A. This unidentified nucleotide is not a hypomodified form of t6A. Thus, tRNALys4 is not a simple precursor of tRNALys2. Both tRNAs have an unidentified nucleotide, U**, in the third position of the anticodon. Also, partial sequences of minor homologs of tRNALys2 and tRNALys4 were obtained. The distinctions between tRNALys2 and tRNALys4 may be part of significant cellular roles as illustrated by the differential effects of these isoacceptors on the synthesis by lysyl-tRNA synthetase of diadenosine-5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate, a putative signal in DNA replication.
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2
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Hedgcoth C, Hayenga K, Harrison M, Ortwerth BJ. Lysine tRNAs from rat liver: lysine tRNA sequences are highly conserved. Nucleic Acids Res 1984; 12:2535-41. [PMID: 6561521 PMCID: PMC318682 DOI: 10.1093/nar/12.5.2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The two major lysine tRNAs from rat liver, tRNA2Lys and tRNA5Lys, were sequenced by rapid gel or chromatogram readout methods. The major tRNA2Lys differs from a minor form only by a base pair in positions 29 and 41; both tRNAs have an unidentified nucleotide, U**, in the third position of the anticodon. Although highly related, the major tRNA2Lys and tRNA5Lys differ in four base pairs and four unpaired nucleotides, including the first position of the anticodons, but have the same base pair in positions 29 and 41. The three tRNAs maintain a m2G-U pair in the acceptor stem. Detection of this m2G is in contrast to other reports of lysine tRNAs. Sequences of lysine tRNAs are strongly conserved in higher eukaryotes.
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3
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Jones GH. Acceptor activity, isoacceptor profiles and function in protein synthesis of transfer RNAs from regenerating skeletal muscle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA (BBA) - GENE STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION 1983; 741:333-40. [PMID: 6557823 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(83)90153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transfer RNAs have been prepared from control and regenerating rat skeletal muscle. The yield of tRNA is highest during the early stages of the regeneration process (5 and 8 days following the induction of regeneration) and decreases to near control values thereafter. The amino acid acceptor activity (extent of aminoacylation) of tRNA from regenerating muscle was also found to be higher for some amino acids than the activity of control tRNA, and the maximum increase in activity was observed between 5 and 8 days following the initiation of regeneration with a decrease to control levels through 15 and 30 days. The isoacceptor pattern, determined by RPC-5 chromatography, for methionyl-tRNAs from control muscle and 5-day regenerating muscle were essentially indistinguishable, while a minor peak of prolyl-tRNA was observed in the population from 5-, 8- and 15-day regenerates which was apparently absent from the control tRNA. Lysyl-tRNAs from control muscle contain two major isoacceptors while a third isoacceptor is observed in the tRNA preparations from 5-, 8- and 15-day regenerating muscle. The relative amount of this third isoacceptor is highest in the 8-day population and decreases in amount in tRNAs from 15- and 30-day regenerates. Control muscle also contains two major glutamyl-tRNA species while a third isoacceptor can be detected in regenerates. The relative amount of this species increases during the early course of the regeneration process but is present at near control levels by 30 days following Marcaine injection. Cell-free protein synthesis using muscle polyribosomes showed that tRNAs from regenerating muscle were more effective in stimulating [35S]methionine incorporation than tRNAs from control muscle.
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4
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Hedgcoth C, Hayenga K, Scheets K, Thomas KR, Harrison M, Lin VK, Ortwerth BJ. Perturbation of the mitochondrial lysine tRNA population by virus-induced transformation or stress of mammalian cells: functional properties and nucleotide sequence of a mitochondrially associated lysine tRNA. Recent Results Cancer Res 1983; 84:171-83. [PMID: 6342072 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-81947-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Eleven isoaccepting lysine tRNAs from mammalian sources are demonstrable by RPC-5 chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The appearance and amounts of these isoacceptors varies with the source and growth state of cells. One isoacceptor, tRNALys6, observed in preparations of tRNA from some virus-transformed cells in culture, has been characterized by determining functional properties, cellular location, and its nucleotide sequence. tRNALys6 responds primarily to the lysine codon AAA, but it is not used efficiently in a wheat germ translational system in vitro. Compared with lysine isoacceptors 1, 2, 4, 5a, and 5, [3H]lysine appears in vivo in tRNALys6 with a delay of about 3 h. This delay may in part be a result of a less functional tRNA, but a compartmented state of tRNALys6 also appears to be important. tRNALys6 is associated with mitoplasts prepared from KA31 fibroblasts. The nucleotide sequence of tRNALys6 was determined by rapid postlabeling procedures involving limited hydrolysis in formamide, 32P-labeling of 5' ends of fragments with polynucleotide kinase, separation of the nested set of fragments in polyacrylamide denaturing gels, release of 5'-labeled nucleotides with RNase T2, and identification of the released nucleotides by chromatography on PEI cellulose. Confirmation of the positions of major nucleotides was done by using limited digestions by RNases of tRNALys6 labeled with 32P on the 3' terminus in a gel readout procedure. The nucleotide sequence of tRNALys6 differs from that of cytoplasmic lysine tRNAs and mammalian mitochondrial lysine tRNAs. It contains U*, an unidentified modified uridine occurring in the anticodon of some mitochondrial tRNAs. tRNALys6 appears to occur in very limited amounts, or not at all, in most cells unless stressed, but when present it is associated with mitochondria, although it is probably coded in the nucleus.
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Orthwerth BJ, Horwitz J, Chu-Der OM. The induction of tRNAphe in mammalian lens cortex: a possible control point in the synthesis of alpha-crystallin. Exp Eye Res 1982; 34:767-80. [PMID: 6919490 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4835(82)80036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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6
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Ortwerth BJ, Wolters J, Nahlik J, Conlon-Hollingshead C. Cell growth and tRNA-lys4 synthesis in mouse 3T3 cells. Exp Cell Res 1982; 138:241-50. [PMID: 6281043 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(82)90173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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7
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Bjercke RJ, Hedgcoth C. Codon binding and translational properties of an isoaccepting lysine tRNA peculiar to virus-transformed Cells. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1981; 183:528-31. [PMID: 6801426 DOI: 10.1007/bf00268776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Isoaccepting lysyl-tRNAs from virus-transformed cells in culture were fractionated in the RPC-5 system into peaks 1, 2, 4, 5a, 5, and 6. tRNALys6 previously was found predominantly associated with transformed cells. The codon response of each peak was determined in an E. coli ribosomal binding assay. tRNALys1, tRNALys2, and tRNALys4 are highly specific for the 5'AAG3' codon. tRNALys5 and tRNALys5a preferentially bind in response to AAA. tRNALys6 binds in response to AAA 3-fold better than in response to AAG. The presence of thiolated nucleosides in the anticodon regions of tRNALys5a, tRNALys5, and tRNALys6 is indicated by I2-inactivation of aminoacylation ability with no effect on the other is isoacceptors. Functional abilities of the isoacceptors were compared in a wheat germ translational system with tobacco mosaic virus RNA as messenger. All of the isoacceptors function about equally well in translation except for tRNALys6, which is only 14 to 24% as effective as the other isoacceptors.
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Kleiman L, Peters S, Woodward-Jack J, Myers J. Alterations in the metabolism of transfer RNA during erythroid differentiation of the Friend erythroleukemia cell. Exp Cell Res 1980; 129:415-24. [PMID: 6933068 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(80)90510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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9
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Chu-Der OM, Ortwerth BJ. Lys-tRNA4 and cell division. Changes in lys-tRNA during the growth of mouse L cells. Exp Cell Res 1979; 121:291-7. [PMID: 446536 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(79)90007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Chavancy G, Chevallier A, Fournier A, Garel JP. Adaptation of iso-tRNA concentration to mRNA codon frequency in the eukaryote cell. Biochimie 1979; 61:71-8. [PMID: 435560 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(79)80314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Kleiman L, Woodward-Jack J, Cedergren RJ, Dion R. Alterations in lysine transfer RNA during erythroid differentiation of the Friend cell. Nucleic Acids Res 1978; 5:851-9. [PMID: 643620 PMCID: PMC342028 DOI: 10.1093/nar/5.3.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The proportion of lysine tRNA represented by the isoacceptor species lysine tRNA4 has previously been shown to be largest in cells with the greatest ability to proliferate. Using reverse phase chromatography (RPC-5), we have analyzed the changes in the relative quantities of lysine tRNA species which occur in different cellular states of the Friend cell, a transformed murine cell infected with Friend erythroleukemia virus complex. This cell undergoes erythroid differentiation when exposed to various chemicals. Lysine tRNA4 comprises 32% of the total lysine tRNA in rapidly dividing, uninduced Friend cells, but only 16% of the total lysine tRNA in uninducase. Friend cells undergoing erythroid differentiation divide more slowly than uninduced cells, and finally cease proliferation, but lysine tRNA4 becomes the major lysine tRNA species (greater than 50%). This does not appear to reflect erythroid properties of the cell, since the lysine tRNA of the mouse reticulocyte contains very little lysine tRNA4. The non-dividing erythroid Friend cell, therefore, represents an exception to the finding that non-dividing cells usually have little or no lysine tRNA4 present.
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12
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Carpousis A, Christner P, Rosenbloom J. Preferential usage of tRNA isoaccepting species in collagen synthesis. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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13
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Carpousis A, Christner P, Rosenbloom J. Preferential usage of glycyl-tRNA isoaccepting species in collagen synthesis. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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14
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Kelly EP, Kull FJ. Comparison of porcine liver tRNA preparations: purification of tRNA and its separation from RNA-peptidyl complexes. Anal Biochem 1976; 75:9-21. [PMID: 962140 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Garel J. Quantitative adaptation of isoacceptor tRNAs to mRNA codons of alanine, glycine and serine. Nature 1976; 260:805-6. [PMID: 1264260 DOI: 10.1038/260805a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Christner PJ, Rosenbloom J. A comparison of transfer RNA isoaccepting species between collagenous and noncollagenous tissues in the embryonic chick. Arch Biochem Biophys 1976; 172:399-409. [PMID: 944014 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(76)90091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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de León V, Yang WK, Sirlin JL. Mouse histidyl-tRNAs during pregnancy. Differentiation of activity profiles within and between organs. Differentiation 1975; 4:65-72. [PMID: 1183763 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1975.tb01443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Optimal conditions for in vitro formation of His-tRNA were established. Transfer RNA of maternal mouse organs and total embryo at 13 and 17 days of pregnancy was acylated in vitro with [3H] or [14C] histidine and examined by reversed-phase plaskon chromatography. Most tissues show different radioactive profiles reflecting a varying activity of six to eight isoaccepting His-tRNA species. Quantitative differences in profile were observed for liver tRNA during pregnancy. Profiles of embryo and uterus, kidney, heart and muscle changes less, and that of brain did not change during pregnancy. The significance of these observations with respect to molecular differentiation of His-tRNAs during pregnancy is discussed.
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18
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Ortwerth BJ, Yonuschot GR, Heidlege JF, Chu-Der OM, Juarez D, Hedgcoth C. Induction of a new species of phenylalanine transfer RNA during lens cell differentiation. Exp Eye Res 1975; 20:417-26. [PMID: 1126407 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4835(75)90084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Kaplan BB, Sirlin JL. Macromolecules and behavior II. Training induced alteration in leucine transfer RNA of goldfish brain. Brain Res 1975; 83:451-68. [PMID: 1111811 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(75)90836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Goldfish were trained to swim upright after a polystyrene float had been attached ventrally. The effects of training on the amino acid acceptor activity and methylated albumin-kieselguhr column chromatography profile of several brain isoaccepting tRNA species were studied. Comparison of the kinetics of aminoacylation and chromatography profile of tRNAs from trained and control fish showed no differences for Arginyl-, glutamyl-, histidyl-, lysyl-, phenylalanyl-, seryl, threonyl- or valyl-tRNA. In contrast, training induced alterations in tRNA-Leu activity and activity profile. Training had no effect on brain amino acid pools or liver tRNA-Leu activity. Together, behavioral control experiments and plasma cortisol titers indicated that the training-induced increase in tRNA-Leu activity was not caused by stress, exertion, random disoriented swimming or the minor surgical procedures required. Rather, this activity change seems to correlate with some, as yet unidentified, aspect of behavioral training. The implications of these findings with respect to learning are discussed.
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Florini JR, Geary S, Saito Y, Manowitz EJ, Sorrentino RS. Changes in protein synthesis in heart. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1975; 61:149-62. [PMID: 126638 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9032-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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22
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Mauck JC, Green H. Regulation of pre-transfer RNA synthesis during transition from resting to growing state. Cell 1974; 3:171-7. [PMID: 4473272 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(74)90122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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24
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Illinger D, Le Meur MA, Gerlinger P, Ebel JP. [Regulatory role of tRNA in synthesis of chicken egg proteins. I. Comparative study of transfer ribonucleic acids extracted from the liver and oviducts of the laying hen]. Biochimie 1974; 56:529-36. [PMID: 4425105 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(74)80069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Smith DW, Meltzer VN, McNamara AL. A comparison of rabbit liver and reticulocyte transfer RNA: evidence of unique species in reticulocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 349:366-75. [PMID: 4601417 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(74)90123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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26
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Andron LA, Strehler BL. Recent evidence on tRNA and tRNA acylase-mediated cellular control mechanisms: a review. Mech Ageing Dev 1973; 2:97-116. [PMID: 4199831 DOI: 10.1016/0047-6374(73)90009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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27
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Gonano F, Pirró G, Silvetti S. Foetal liver tRNA phe in rat hepatoma. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1973; 242:236-7. [PMID: 4349777 DOI: 10.1038/newbio242236a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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