1
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Kwon J, Reeves HL, Wang LP, Freedberg DI. Revealing elusive conformations of sucrose from hydrogen bond J-coupling in H 2O: A combined NMR and quantum mechanics study. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2024. [PMID: 38981694 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonding is a crucial feature of biomolecules, but its characterization in glycans dissolved in aqueous solutions is challenging due to rapid hydrogen exchange between hydroxyl groups and H2O. In principle, the scalar (J) coupling constant can reveal the relative orientation of the atoms in the molecule. In contrast to J-coupling through H-bonds reported in proteins and nucleic acids, research on J-coupling through H-bonds in glycans dissolved in water is lacking. Here, we use sucrose as a model system for H-bonding studies; its structure, which consists of glucose (Glc) and fructose (Frc), is well-studied, and it is readily available. We apply the in-phase, antiphase-HSQC-TOCSY and quantify previously unreported through H-bond J-values for Frc-OH1-Glc-OH2 in H2O. While earlier reports of Brown and Levy indicate this H-bond as having only a single direction, our reported findings indicate the potential presence of two involving these same atoms, namely, G2OH ➔ F1O and F1OH ➔ G2O (where F and G stand for Frc and Glc, respectively). The calculated density functional theory J-values for the G2OH ➔ F1O agree with the experimental values. Additionally, we detected four other possible H-bonds in sucrose, which require different phi, psi (ϕ, ψ) torsion angles. The ϕ, ψ values are consistent with previous predictions of du Penhoat et al. and Venable et al. Our results will provide new insights into the molecular structure of sucrose and its interactions with proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeahoo Kwon
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Hannah L Reeves
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lee-Ping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Darón I Freedberg
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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2
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Cifuente JO, Colleoni C, Kalscheuer R, Guerin ME. Architecture, Function, Regulation, and Evolution of α-Glucans Metabolic Enzymes in Prokaryotes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4863-4934. [PMID: 38606812 PMCID: PMC11046441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria have acquired sophisticated mechanisms for assembling and disassembling polysaccharides of different chemistry. α-d-Glucose homopolysaccharides, so-called α-glucans, are the most widespread polymers in nature being key components of microorganisms. Glycogen functions as an intracellular energy storage while some bacteria also produce extracellular assorted α-glucans. The classical bacterial glycogen metabolic pathway comprises the action of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and glycogen synthase, whereas extracellular α-glucans are mostly related to peripheral enzymes dependent on sucrose. An alternative pathway of glycogen biosynthesis, operating via a maltose 1-phosphate polymerizing enzyme, displays an essential wiring with the trehalose metabolism to interconvert disaccharides into polysaccharides. Furthermore, some bacteria show a connection of intracellular glycogen metabolism with the genesis of extracellular capsular α-glucans, revealing a relationship between the storage and structural function of these compounds. Altogether, the current picture shows that bacteria have evolved an intricate α-glucan metabolism that ultimately relies on the evolution of a specific enzymatic machinery. The structural landscape of these enzymes exposes a limited number of core catalytic folds handling many different chemical reactions. In this Review, we present a rationale to explain how the chemical diversity of α-glucans emerged from these systems, highlighting the underlying structural evolution of the enzymes driving α-glucan bacterial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier O. Cifuente
- Instituto
Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of
the Basque Country, E-48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Christophe Colleoni
- University
of Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF -Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale
et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rainer Kalscheuer
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcelo E. Guerin
- Structural
Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Spanish
National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona Science Park, c/Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Tower R, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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3
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Structural Insight into a Yeast Maltase-The BaAG2 from Blastobotrys adeninivorans with Transglycosylating Activity. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7100816. [PMID: 34682239 PMCID: PMC8539097 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An early-diverged yeast, Blastobotrys (Arxula) adeninivorans (Ba), has biotechnological potential due to nutritional versatility, temperature tolerance, and production of technologically applicable enzymes. We have biochemically characterized from the Ba type strain (CBS 8244) the GH13-family maltase BaAG2 with efficient transglycosylation activity on maltose. In the current study, transglycosylation of sucrose was studied in detail. The chemical entities of sucrose-derived oligosaccharides were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance. Several potentially prebiotic oligosaccharides with α-1,1, α-1,3, α-1,4, and α-1,6 linkages were disclosed among the products. Trisaccharides isomelezitose, erlose, and theanderose, and disaccharides maltulose and trehalulose were dominant transglycosylation products. To date no structure for yeast maltase has been determined. Structures of the BaAG2 with acarbose and glucose in the active center were solved at 2.12 and 2.13 Å resolution, respectively. BaAG2 exhibited a catalytic domain with a (β/α)8-barrel fold and Asp216, Glu274, and Asp348 as the catalytic triad. The fairly wide active site cleft contained water channels mediating substrate hydrolysis. Next to the substrate-binding pocket an enlarged space for potential binding of transglycosylation acceptors was identified. The involvement of a Glu (Glu309) at subsite +2 and an Arg (Arg233) at subsite +3 in substrate binding was shown for the first time for α-glucosidases.
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4
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Agarwal N, Rai AK, Singh SP. Biotransformation of hydroquinone into α-arbutin by transglucosylation activity of a metagenomic amylosucrase. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:362. [PMID: 34295607 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbutin is a naturally occurring glycosylated product of hydroquinone. With the ability to interrupt melanin biosynthesis in epidermal cells, it is a promising cosmetic ingredient. In this study, a novel amylosucrase, Asmet, identified from a thermal spring metagenome, has been characterized for arbutin biosynthesis. Asmet was able to catalyze transglucosylation of hydroquinone to arbutin, taking sucrose as glycosyl donor, in the temperature range of 20 °C to 40 °C and pH 5.0 to 6.0, with the relative activity of 80% or more. The presence of chloride salts of Li, K, and Na at 1 mM concentration did not exhibit any notable effect on the enzyme's activity, unlike Cu, Ni, and Mn, which were observed to be detrimental. The hydroquinone (20 mM) to sucrose ratio of 1:1 to 1:10 was appropriate for the catalytic biosynthesis of arbutin. The maximum hydroquinone to arbutin conversion of 70% was obtained in 24 h of Asmet led catalysis, at 30 °C and pH 6.0. Arbutin production was also demonstrated using low-cost feedstock, table sugar, muscovado, and sweet sorghum stalk extract, as a replacement for sucrose. Whole-cell catalysis of hydroquinone to arbutin transglucosylation was also established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neera Agarwal
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (DBT-CIAB), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, S.A.S. Nagar, 140 306 Punjab India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab India
| | - Amit K Rai
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (DBT-IBSD), Sikkim Centre, Tadong, Sikkim India
| | - Sudhir P Singh
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (DBT-CIAB), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, S.A.S. Nagar, 140 306 Punjab India
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5
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Seo DH, Yoo SH, Choi SJ, Kim YR, Park CS. Versatile biotechnological applications of amylosucrase, a novel glucosyltransferase. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1-16. [PMID: 31976122 PMCID: PMC6949346 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00686-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amylosucrase (AS; EC 2.4.1.4) is an enzyme that has great potential in the biotechnology and food industries, due to its multifunctional enzyme activities. It can synthesize α-1,4-glucans, like amylose, from sucrose as a sole substrate, but importantly, it can also utilize various other molecules as acceptors. In addition, AS produces sucrose isomers such as turanose and trehalulose. It also efficiently synthesizes modified starch with increased ratios of slow digestive starch and resistant starch, and glucosylated functional compounds with increased water solubility and stability. Furthermore, AS produces turnaose more efficiently than other carbohydrate-active enzymes. Amylose synthesized by AS forms microparticles and these can be utilized as biocompatible materials with various bio-applications, including drug delivery, chromatography, and bioanalytical sciences. This review not only compares the gene and enzyme characteristics of microbial AS, studied to date, but also focuses on the applications of AS in the biotechnology and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Seo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jun Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Rok Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheon-Seok Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
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6
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Alonso-Gil S, Coines J, André I, Rovira C. Conformational Itinerary of Sucrose During Hydrolysis by Retaining Amylosucrase. Front Chem 2019; 7:269. [PMID: 31114783 PMCID: PMC6502901 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
By means of QM(DFT)/MM metadynamics we have unraveled the hydrolytic reaction mechanism of Neisseria polysaccharea amylosucrase (NpAS), a member of GH13 family. Our results provide an atomistic picture of the active site reorganization along the catalytic double-displacement reaction, clarifying whether the glycosyl-enzyme reaction intermediate features an α-glucosyl unit in an undistorted 4C1 conformation, as inferred from structural studies, or a distorted 1S3-like conformation, as expected from mechanistic analysis of glycoside hydrolases (GHs). We show that, even though the first step of the reaction (glycosylation) results in a 4C1 conformation, the α-glucosyl unit undergoes an easy conformational change toward a distorted conformation as the active site preorganizes for the forthcoming reaction step (deglycosylation), in which an acceptor molecule, i.e., a water molecule for the hydrolytic reaction, performs a nucleophilic attack on the anomeric carbon. The two conformations (4C1 ad E3) can be viewed as two different states of the glycosyl-enzyme intermediate (GEI), but only the E3 state is preactivated for catalysis. These results are consistent with the general conformational itinerary observed for α-glucosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Alonso-Gil
- Departament de Quimica Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Quimica Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Coines
- Departament de Quimica Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Quimica Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabelle André
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament de Quimica Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Quimica Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Kim KT, Rha CS, Jung YS, Kim YJ, Jung DH, Seo DH, Park CS. Comparative study on amylosucrases derived from Deinococcus species and catalytic characterization and use of amylosucrase derived from Deinococcus wulumuqiensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/amylase-2019-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Amylosucrase (ASase; EC 2.4.1.4), a versatile enzyme, exhibits three characteristic activities: hydrolysis, isomerization, and transglycosylation. In this study, a novel ASase derived from Deinococcus wulumuquiensis (DWAS) was identified and expressed in Escherichia coli. The optimal reaction temperature and pH for the sucrose hydrolysis activity of DWAS were determined to be 45 °C and 9.0, respectively. DWAS displays relatively high thermostability compared with other ASases, as demonstrated by half-life of 96.7 and 4.7 min at 50 °C and 55 °C, respectively. DWAS fused with 6×His was successfully purified to apparent homogeneity with a molecular mass of approximately 72 kDa by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and confirmed by SDS-PAGE. DWAS transglycosylation activity can be used to modify isovitexin, a representative flavone C-glucoside contained in buckwheat sprouts to increase its limited bioavailability, which is due to its low absorption rate and unstable structure in the human body. Using isovitexin as a substrate, the major transglycosylation product of DWAS was found to be isovitexin monoglucoside. The comparison of transglycosylation reaction products of DWAS with those of other ASases derived from Deinococcus species revealed that the low sequence homology of loop 8 in ASases may affect the acceptor specificity of ASases and result in a distinctive acceptor specificity of DWAS.
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8
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Gangoiti J, Corwin SF, Lamothe LM, Vafiadi C, Hamaker BR, Dijkhuizen L. Synthesis of novel α-glucans with potential health benefits through controlled glucose release in the human gastrointestinal tract. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:123-146. [PMID: 30525940 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1516621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The glycemic carbohydrates we consume are currently viewed in an unfavorable light in both the consumer and medical research worlds. In significant part, these carbohydrates, mainly starch and sucrose, are looked upon negatively due to their rapid and abrupt glucose delivery to the body which causes a high glycemic response. However, dietary carbohydrates which are digested and release glucose in a slow manner are recognized as providing health benefits. Slow digestion of glycemic carbohydrates can be caused by several factors, including food matrix effect which impedes α-amylase access to substrate, or partial inhibition by plant secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds. Differences in digestion rate of these carbohydrates may also be due to their specific structures (e.g. variations in degree of branching and/or glycosidic linkages present). In recent years, much has been learned about the synthesis and digestion kinetics of novel α-glucans (i.e. small oligosaccharides or larger polysaccharides based on glucose units linked in different positions by α-bonds). It is the synthesis and digestion of such structures that is the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gangoiti
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah F Corwin
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Lisa M Lamothe
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Miao M, Jiang B, Jin Z, BeMiller JN. Microbial Starch-Converting Enzymes: Recent Insights and Perspectives. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1238-1260. [PMID: 33350152 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology; Jiangnan Univ.; 1800 Lihu Ave. Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology; Jiangnan Univ.; 1800 Lihu Ave. Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology; Jiangnan Univ.; 1800 Lihu Ave. Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
| | - James N. BeMiller
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology; Jiangnan Univ.; 1800 Lihu Ave. Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
- Dept. of Food Science; Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue Univ.; 745 Agriculture Mall Drive West Lafayette IN 47907-2009 U.S.A
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10
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Tian Y, Xu W, Zhang W, Zhang T, Guang C, Mu W. Amylosucrase as a transglucosylation tool: From molecular features to bioengineering applications. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1540-1552. [PMID: 29935268 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Amylosucrase (EC 2.4.1.4, ASase), an outstanding sucrose-utilizing transglucosylase in the glycoside hydrolase family 13, can produce glucans with only α-1,4 linkages. Generally, on account of a double-displacement mechanism, ASase can catalyze polymerization, isomerization, and hydrolysis reactions with sucrose as the sole substrate, and has transglycosylation capacity to attach glucose molecules from sucrose to extra glycosyl acceptors. Based on extensive enzymology research, this review presents the characteristics of various ASases, including their microbial metabolism, preparation, and enzymatic properties, and exhibits structure-based strategies in the improvement of activity, specificity, and thermostability. As a vital transglucosylation tool of producing sugars, carbohydrate-based bioactive compounds, and materials, the bioengineering applications of ASases are also systematically summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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11
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Vergès A, Barbe S, Cambon E, Moulis C, Tranier S, Remaud-Siméon M, André I. Engineering of anp efficient mutant of Neisseria polysaccharea amylosucrase for the synthesis of controlled size maltooligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 173:403-411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Vergès A, Cambon E, Barbe S, Moulis C, Remaud-Siméon M, André I. Novel product specificity toward erlose and panose exhibited by multisite engineered mutants of amylosucrase. Protein Sci 2017; 26:566-577. [PMID: 28019698 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A computer-aided engineering approach recently enabled to deeply reshape the active site of N. polysaccharea amylosucrase for recognition of non-natural acceptor substrates. Libraries of variants were constructed and screened on sucrose allowing the identification of 17 mutants able to synthesize molecules from sole sucrose, which are not synthesized by the parental wild-type enzyme. Three of the isolated mutants as well as the new products synthesized were characterized in details. Mutants contain between 7 and 11 mutations in the active site and the new molecules were identified as being a sucrose derivative, named erlose (α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-Fructose), and a new malto-oligosaccharide named panose (α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-d-Glucose). These product specificities were never reported for none of the amylosucrases characterized to date, nor their engineered variants. Optimization of the production of these trisaccharides of potential interest as sweeteners or prebiotic molecules was carried out. Molecular modelling studies were also performed to shed some light on the molecular factors involved in the novel product specificities of these amylosucrase variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alizée Vergès
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, 31400, France
| | - Emmanuelle Cambon
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, 31400, France
| | - Sophie Barbe
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, 31400, France
| | - Claire Moulis
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, 31400, France
| | - Magali Remaud-Siméon
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, 31400, France
| | - Isabelle André
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, 31400, France
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13
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Moulis C, André I, Remaud-Simeon M. GH13 amylosucrases and GH70 branching sucrases, atypical enzymes in their respective families. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2661-79. [PMID: 27141938 PMCID: PMC11108324 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2244-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amylosucrases and branching sucrases are α-retaining transglucosylases found in the glycoside-hydrolase families 13 and 70, respectively, of the clan GH-H. These enzymes display unique activities in their respective families. Using sucrose as substrate and without mediation of nucleotide-activated sugars, amylosucrase catalyzes the formation of an α-(1 → 4) linked glucan that resembles amylose. In contrast, the recently discovered branching sucrases are unable to catalyze polymerization of glucosyl units as they are rather specific for dextran branching through α-(1 → 2) or α-(1 → 3) branching linkages depending on the enzyme regiospecificity. In addition, GH13 amylosucrases and GH70 branching sucrases are naturally promiscuous and can glucosylate different types of acceptor molecules including sugars, polyols, or flavonoids. Amylosucrases have been the most investigated glucansucrases, in particular to control product profiles or to successfully develop tailored α-transglucosylases able to glucosylate various molecules of interest, for example, chemically protected carbohydrates that are planned to enter in chemoenzymatic pathways. The structural traits of these atypical enzymes will be described and compared, and an overview of the potential of natural or engineered enzymes for glycodiversification and chemoenzymatic synthesis will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Moulis
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, 31400, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle André
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, 31400, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Magali Remaud-Simeon
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France.
- CNRS, UMR5504, 31400, Toulouse, France.
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, 31400, Toulouse, France.
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14
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Recent developments in the enzymatic O-glycosylation of flavonoids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4269-81. [PMID: 27029191 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The glycosylation of bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, is of particular relevance, as it modulates many of their pharmacokinetic parameters. This article reviews the literature between 2010 and the end of 2015 that deals with the enzymatic O-glycosylation of this class of compounds. Enzymes of glycosyltransferase family 1 remain the biocatalysts of choice for glycodiversification of flavonoids, in spite of relatively low yields. Transfers of 14 different sugars, in addition to glucose, were reported. Several Escherichia coli strains were metabolically engineered to enable a (more efficient) synthesis of the required donor during in vivo glycosylations. For the transfer of glucose, enzymes of glycoside hydrolase families 13 and 70 were successfully assayed with several flavonoids. The number of acceptor substrates and of regiospecificities characterized so far is smaller than for glycosyltransferases. However, their glycosyl donors are much cheaper and yields are considerably higher. A few success stories of enzyme engineering were reported. These improved the catalytic efficiency as well as donor, acceptor, or product ranges. Currently, the development of appropriate high-throughput screening systems appears to be the major bottleneck for this powerful technology.
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15
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Enzymatic synthesis of 2-deoxyglucose-containing maltooligosaccharides for tracing the location of glucose absorption from starch digestion. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 132:41-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Flavonoid glucosylation by non-Leloir glycosyltransferases: formation of multiple derivatives of 3,5,7,3′,4′-pentahydroxyflavane stereoisomers. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:9565-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Verges A, Cambon E, Barbe S, Salamone S, Le Guen Y, Moulis C, Mulard LA, Remaud-Siméon M, André I. Computer-Aided Engineering of a Transglycosylase for the Glucosylation of an Unnatural Disaccharide of Relevance for Bacterial Antigen Synthesis. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501288r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alizée Verges
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP;
LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie
des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuelle Cambon
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP;
LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie
des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Barbe
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP;
LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie
des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Salamone
- Institut Pasteur,
Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- CNRS UMR3523,
Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Yann Le Guen
- Institut Pasteur,
Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- CNRS UMR3523,
Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Claire Moulis
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP;
LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie
des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence A. Mulard
- Institut Pasteur,
Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- CNRS UMR3523,
Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Magali Remaud-Siméon
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP;
LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie
des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle André
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP;
LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie
des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
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18
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Malbert Y, Pizzut-Serin S, Massou S, Cambon E, Laguerre S, Monsan P, Lefoulon F, Morel S, André I, Remaud-Simeon M. Extending the Structural Diversity of α-Flavonoid Glycosides with Engineered Glucansucrases. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Cambon E, Barbe S, Pizzut-Serin S, Remaud-Simeon M, André I. Essential role of amino acid position 226 in oligosaccharide elongation by amylosucrase fromNeisseria polysaccharea. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 111:1719-28. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Cambon
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP; LISBP; 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
- CNRS, UMR5504; F-31400 Toulouse France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés; F-31400 Toulouse France
| | - Sophie Barbe
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP; LISBP; 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
- CNRS, UMR5504; F-31400 Toulouse France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés; F-31400 Toulouse France
| | - Sandra Pizzut-Serin
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP; LISBP; 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
- CNRS, UMR5504; F-31400 Toulouse France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés; F-31400 Toulouse France
| | - Magali Remaud-Simeon
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP; LISBP; 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
- CNRS, UMR5504; F-31400 Toulouse France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés; F-31400 Toulouse France
| | - Isabelle André
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP; LISBP; 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
- CNRS, UMR5504; F-31400 Toulouse France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés; F-31400 Toulouse France
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20
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Jiang L, Lin M, Zhang Y, Li Y, Xu X, Li S. Identification and characterization of a novel trehalose synthase gene derived from saline-alkali soil metagenomes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77437. [PMID: 24146994 PMCID: PMC3797794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel trehalose synthase (TreS) gene was identified from a metagenomic library of saline-alkali soil by a simple activity-based screening system. Sequence analysis revealed that TreS encodes a protein of 552 amino acids, with a deduced molecular weight of 63.3 kDa. After being overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified, the enzymatic properties of TreS were investigated. The recombinant TreS displayed its optimal activity at pH 9.0 and 45 °C, and the addition of most common metal ions (1 or 30 mM) had no inhibition effect on the enzymatic activity evidently, except for the divalent metal ions Zn2+ and Hg2+. Kinetic analysis showed that the recombinant TreS had a 4.1-fold higher catalytic efficientcy (Kcat/Km) for maltose than for trehalose. The maximum conversion rate of maltose into trehalose by the TreS was reached more than 78% at a relatively high maltose concentration (30%), making it a good candidate in the large-scale production of trehalsoe after further study. In addition, five amino acid residues, His172, Asp201, Glu251, His318 and Asp319, were shown to be conserved in the TreS, which were also important for glycosyl hydrolase family 13 enzyme catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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21
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Skov LK, Pizzut-Serin S, Remaud-Simeon M, Ernst HA, Gajhede M, Mirza O. The structure of amylosucrase from Deinococcus radiodurans has an unusual open active-site topology. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2013; 69:973-8. [PMID: 23989143 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309113021714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Amylosucrases (ASes) catalyze the formation of an α-1,4-glucosidic linkage by transferring a glucosyl unit from sucrose onto an acceptor α-1,4-glucan. To date, several ligand-bound crystal structures of wild-type and mutant ASes from Neisseria polysaccharea and Deinococcus geothermalis have been solved. These structures all display a very similar overall conformation with a deep pocket leading to the site for transglucosylation, subsite -1. This has led to speculation on how sucrose enters the active site during glucan elongation. In contrast to previous studies, the AS structure from D. radiodurans presented here has a completely empty -1 subsite. This structure is strikingly different from other AS structures, as an active-site-lining loop comprising residues Leu214-Asn225 is found in a previously unobserved conformation. In addition, a large loop harbouring the conserved active-site residues Asp133 and Tyr136 is disordered. The result of the changed loop conformations is that the active-site topology is radically changed, leaving subsite -1 exposed and partially dismantled. This structure provides novel insights into the dynamics of ASes and comprises the first structural support for an elongation mechanism that involves considerable conformational changes to modulate accessibility to the sucrose-binding site and thereby allows successive cycles of glucosyl-moiety transfer to a growing glucan chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars K Skov
- Novozymes A/S, Krogshøjvej 36, DK-2880 Bagsværd, Denmark
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22
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Cloning, expression, properties, and functional amino acid residues of new trehalose synthase from Thermomonospora curvata DSM 43183. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Daudé D, Champion E, Morel S, Guieysse D, Remaud-Siméon M, André I. Probing Substrate Promiscuity of Amylosucrase fromNeisseria polysaccharea. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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24
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Battistel MD, Pendrill R, Widmalm G, Freedberg DI. Direct Evidence for Hydrogen Bonding in Glycans: A Combined NMR and Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:4860-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp400402b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos D. Battistel
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland 20852-1448, United States
| | - Robert Pendrill
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Darón I. Freedberg
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland 20852-1448, United States
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25
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Schomburg KT, Ardao I, Götz K, Rieckenberg F, Liese A, Zeng AP, Rarey M. Computational biotechnology: Prediction of competitive substrate inhibition of enzymes by buffer compounds with protein–ligand docking. J Biotechnol 2012; 161:391-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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26
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Champion E, Guérin F, Moulis C, Barbe S, Tran TH, Morel S, Descroix K, Monsan P, Mourey L, Mulard LA, Tranier S, Remaud-Siméon M, André I. Applying Pairwise Combinations of Amino Acid Mutations for Sorting Out Highly Efficient Glucosylation Tools for Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of Bacterial Oligosaccharides. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:18677-88. [DOI: 10.1021/ja306845b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Champion
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil,
F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des
Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Guérin
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil,
F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des
Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- Département de Biologie
Structurale et Biophysique, 205 Route de Narbonne, CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale),
BP 64182, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Moulis
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil,
F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des
Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Barbe
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil,
F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des
Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Thu Hoai Tran
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil,
F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des
Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- Département de Biologie
Structurale et Biophysique, 205 Route de Narbonne, CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale),
BP 64182, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Morel
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil,
F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des
Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Karine Descroix
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, 28 rue du Dr. Roux,
75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- CNRS UMR3523, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Pierre Monsan
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil,
F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des
Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Mourey
- Département de Biologie
Structurale et Biophysique, 205 Route de Narbonne, CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale),
BP 64182, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence A. Mulard
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, 28 rue du Dr. Roux,
75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- CNRS UMR3523, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Samuel Tranier
- Département de Biologie
Structurale et Biophysique, 205 Route de Narbonne, CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale),
BP 64182, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Magali Remaud-Siméon
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil,
F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des
Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle André
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil,
F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des
Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
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27
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Wildberger P, Todea A, Nidetzky B. Probing enzyme–substrate interactions at the catalytic subsite ofLeuconostoc mesenteroidessucrose phosphorylase with site-directed mutagenesis: the roles of Asp49and Arg395. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2012. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2012.674720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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28
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HAN WEIWEI, LI ZESHENG, ZHENG QINGCHUAN, SUN CHIACHUNG. TOWARD A BLUEPRINT FOR β-PRIMEVEROSIDASE FROM TEA LEAVES STRUCTURE/FUNCTION PROPERTIES: HOMOLOGY MODELING STUDY. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633606002374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
By means of the Homology modeling and the known structure of cyannogenic β-glycosidase from white clover (1CBG, EC 3.2.1.21), we construct a 3D model of the β-primeverosidase (EC 3.2.1.149) and search for the binding site of substrate. The 3D model is then refined by using molecular mechanics (optimization and molecular dynamics) simulation. Finally, the refined model is further assessed by Profile-3D and PROCHECK, and the results showed that the final model is reliable. Furthermore, the docking of the substrates into the active site of the protein indicates that β-primeverosidase is able to hydrolyze β-primeverosides, but not act on 2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside. These results suggest that β-primeverosidase shows broad substrate specificity with respect to the disaccharide glycon moiety (subsite -2). This is consistent with the experimental observation. Thr271 and Thr415 play important roles in subsite -2 of β-primeverosidase. Our results may be helpful for further experimental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- WEI-WEI HAN
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - ZE-SHENG LI
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - QING-CHUAN ZHENG
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - CHIA-CHUNG SUN
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
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29
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Cuyvers S, Dornez E, Delcour JA, Courtin CM. Occurrence and functional significance of secondary carbohydrate binding sites in glycoside hydrolases. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2011; 32:93-107. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2011.561537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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30
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Wildberger P, Luley-Goedl C, Nidetzky B. Aromatic interactions at the catalytic subsite of sucrose phosphorylase: Their roles in enzymatic glucosyl transfer probed with Phe52
→ Ala and Phe52
→ Asn mutants. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:499-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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32
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Schneider J, Fricke C, Overwin H, Hofer B. High level expression of a recombinant amylosucrase gene and selected properties of the enzyme. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:1821-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-3000-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Yamamoto K, Miyake H, Kusunoki M, Osaki S. Crystal structures of isomaltase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in complex with its competitive inhibitor maltose. FEBS J 2010; 277:4205-14. [PMID: 20812985 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07810.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The structures of isomaltase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in complex with maltose were determined at resolutions of 1.30 and 1.60 Å, respectively. Isomaltase contains three domains, namely, A, B, and C. Domain A consists of the (β/α)(8) -barrel common to glycoside hydrolase family 13. However, the folding of domain C is rarely seen in other glycoside hydrolase family 13 enzymes. An electron density corresponding to a nonreducing end glucose residue was observed in the active site of isomaltase in complex with maltose; however, only incomplete density was observed for the reducing end. The active site pocket contains two water chains. One water chain is a water path from the bottom of the pocket to the surface of the protein, and may act as a water drain during substrate binding. The other water chain, which consists of six water molecules, is located near the catalytic residues Glu277 and Asp352. These water molecules may act as a reservoir that provides water for subsequent hydrolytic events. The best substrate for oligo-1,6-glucosidase is isomaltotriose; other, longer-chain, oligosaccharides are also good substrates. However, isomaltase shows the highest activity towards isomaltose and very little activity towards longer oligosaccharides. This is because the entrance to the active site pocket of isomaltose is severely narrowed by Tyr158, His280, and loop 310-315, and because the isomaltase pocket is shallower than that of other oligo-1,6-glucosidases. These features of the isomaltase active site pocket prevent isomalto-oligosaccharides from binding to the active site effectively.
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Champion E, Moulis C, Morel S, Mulard L, Monsan P, Remaud-Siméon M, André I. A pH-Based High-Throughput Screening of Sucrose-Utilizing Transglucosidases for the Development of Enzymatic Glucosylation Tools. ChemCatChem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Pal K, Kumar S, Sharma S, Garg SK, Alam MS, Xu HE, Agrawal P, Swaminathan K. Crystal structure of full-length Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv glycogen branching enzyme: insights of N-terminal beta-sandwich in substrate specificity and enzymatic activity. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:20897-903. [PMID: 20444687 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.121707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The open reading frame Rv1326c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv encodes for an alpha-1,4-glucan branching enzyme (MtbGlgB, EC 2.4.1.18, Uniprot entry Q10625). This enzyme belongs to glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 13 and catalyzes the branching of a linear glucose chain during glycogenesis by cleaving a 1-->4 bond and making a new 1-->6 bond. Here, we show the crystal structure of full-length MtbGlgB (MtbGlgBWT) at 2.33-A resolution. MtbGlgBWT contains four domains: N1 beta-sandwich, N2 beta-sandwich, a central (beta/alpha)(8) domain that houses the catalytic site, and a C-terminal beta-sandwich. We have assayed the amylase activity with amylose and starch as substrates and the glycogen branching activity using amylose as a substrate for MtbGlgBWT and the N1 domain-deleted (the first 108 residues deleted) MtbDelta108GlgB protein. The N1 beta-sandwich, which is formed by the first 105 amino acids and superimposes well with the N2 beta-sandwich, is shown to have an influence in substrate binding in the amylase assay. Also, we have checked and shown that several GH13 family inhibitors are ineffective against MtbGlgBWT and MtbDelta108GlgB. We propose a two-step reaction mechanism, for the amylase activity (1-->4 bond breakage) and isomerization (1-->6 bond formation), which occurs in the same catalytic pocket. The structural and functional properties of MtbGlgB and MtbDelta108GlgB are compared with those of the N-terminal 112-amino acid-deleted Escherichia coli GlgB (ECDelta112GlgB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Pal
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
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36
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André I, Potocki-Véronèse G, Morel S, Monsan P, Remaud-Siméon M. Sucrose-Utilizing Transglucosidases for Biocatalysis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2010; 294:25-48. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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37
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Generation of amylosucrase variants that terminate catalysis of acceptor elongation at the di- or trisaccharide stage. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:7453-60. [PMID: 19801480 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01194-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An amylosucrase gene was subjected to high-rate segmental random mutagenesis, which was directed toward a segment encoding amino acids that influence the interaction with substrate molecules in subsites -1 to +3. A screen was used to identify enzyme variants with compromised glucan chain elongation. With an average mutation rate of about one mutation per targeted codon, a considerable fraction (82%) of the clones that retained catalytic activity were deficient in this trait. A detailed characterization of selected variants revealed that elongation terminated when chains reached lengths of only two or three glucose moieties. Sequencing showed that the amylosucrase derivatives had an average of no more than two amino acid substitutions and suggested that predominantly exchanges of Asp394 or Gly396 were crucial for the novel properties. Structural models of the variants indicated that steric interference between the amino acids introduced at these sites and the growing oligosaccharide chain are mainly responsible for the limitation of glucosyl transfers. The variants generated may serve as biocatalysts for limited addition of glucose moieties to acceptor molecules, using sucrose as a readily available donor substrate.
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Highly selective biotransformation of arbutin to arbutin-α-glucoside using amylosucrase from Deinococcus geothermalis DSM 11300. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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39
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Buchholz K. Introduction: The spirit of carbohydrates – carbohydrate bioengineering. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420701806751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Skov LK, Mirza O, Sprogøe D, van der Veen BA, Remaud-Simeon M, Albenne C, Monsan P, Gajhede M. Crystal structure of the Glu328Gln mutant ofNeisseria polysacchareaamylosucrase in complex with sucrose and maltoheptaose. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420500538100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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41
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Seibel J, Jördening HJ, Buchholz K. Glycosylation with activated sugars using glycosyltransferases and transglycosidases. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420600986811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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42
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Champion E, André I, Moulis C, Boutet J, Descroix K, Morel S, Monsan P, Mulard LA, Remaud-Siméon M. Design of α-Transglucosidases of Controlled Specificity for Programmed Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Antigenic Oligosaccharides. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:7379-89. [DOI: 10.1021/ja900183h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Champion
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France, CNRS UMR 5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France, INRA UMR 792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France, Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, F-75005 Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, CNRS URA 2128, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France, and Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle André
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France, CNRS UMR 5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France, INRA UMR 792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France, Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, F-75005 Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, CNRS URA 2128, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France, and Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Claire Moulis
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France, CNRS UMR 5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France, INRA UMR 792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France, Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, F-75005 Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, CNRS URA 2128, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France, and Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Julien Boutet
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France, CNRS UMR 5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France, INRA UMR 792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France, Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, F-75005 Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, CNRS URA 2128, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France, and Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Karine Descroix
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France, CNRS UMR 5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France, INRA UMR 792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France, Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, F-75005 Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, CNRS URA 2128, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France, and Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Morel
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France, CNRS UMR 5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France, INRA UMR 792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France, Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, F-75005 Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, CNRS URA 2128, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France, and Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Monsan
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France, CNRS UMR 5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France, INRA UMR 792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France, Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, F-75005 Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, CNRS URA 2128, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France, and Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Laurence A. Mulard
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France, CNRS UMR 5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France, INRA UMR 792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France, Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, F-75005 Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, CNRS URA 2128, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France, and Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Magali Remaud-Siméon
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France, CNRS UMR 5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France, INRA UMR 792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France, Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, F-75005 Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, CNRS URA 2128, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France, and Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
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Hondoh H, Otsuka-Rachi H, Saburi W, Mori H, Okuyama M, Kimura A. Structural Comparison of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> Dextran Glucosidase with Glucoside Hydrolases in GH13. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2009. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.56.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Hondoh
- Division of Applied Bioscience Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
| | - Hiroaki Otsuka-Rachi
- Division of Applied Bioscience Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
| | - Wataru Saburi
- Division of Applied Bioscience Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
| | - Haruhide Mori
- Division of Applied Bioscience Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
| | - Masayuki Okuyama
- Division of Applied Bioscience Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
| | - Atsuo Kimura
- Division of Applied Bioscience Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
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44
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Isomaltose production by modification of the fructose-binding site on the basis of the predicted structure of sucrose isomerase from "Protaminobacter rubrum". Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:5183-94. [PMID: 18552181 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00181-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
"Protaminobacter rubrum" sucrose isomerase (SI) catalyzes the isomerization of sucrose to isomaltulose and trehalulose. SI catalyzes the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond with retention of the anomeric configuration via a mechanism that involves a covalent glycosyl enzyme intermediate. It possesses a (325)RLDRD(329) motif, which is highly conserved and plays an important role in fructose binding. The predicted three-dimensional active-site structure of SI was superimposed on and compared with those of other alpha-glucosidases in family 13. We identified two Arg residues that may play important roles in SI-substrate binding with weak ionic strength. Mutations at Arg(325) and Arg(328) in the fructose-binding site reduced isomaltulose production and slightly increased trehalulose production. In addition, the perturbed interactions between the mutated residues and fructose at the fructose-binding site seemed to have altered the binding affinity of the site, where glucose could now bind and be utilized as a second substrate for isomaltose production. From eight mutant enzymes designed based on structural analysis, the R(325)Q mutant enzyme exhibiting high relative activity for isomaltose production was selected. We recorded 40.0% relative activity at 15% (wt/vol) additive glucose with no temperature shift; the maximum isomaltose concentration and production yield were 57.9 g liter(-1) and 0.55 g of isomaltose/g of sucrose, respectively. Furthermore, isomaltose production increased with temperature but decreased at a temperature of >35 degrees C. Maximum isomaltose production (75.7 g liter(-1)) was recorded at 35 degrees C, and its yield for the consumed sucrose was 0.61 g g(-1) with the addition of 15% (wt/vol) glucose. The relative activity for isomaltose production increased progressively with temperature and reached 45.9% under the same conditions.
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45
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Kim MI, Kim HS, Jung J, Rhee S. Crystal structures and mutagenesis of sucrose hydrolase from Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines: insight into the exclusively hydrolytic amylosucrase fold. J Mol Biol 2008; 380:636-47. [PMID: 18565544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Revised: 04/26/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria polysaccharea amylosucrase (NpAS), a transglucosidase of glycoside hydrolase family 13, is a hydrolase and glucosyltransferase that catalyzes the synthesis of amylose-like polymer from a sucrose substrate. Recently, an NpAS homolog from Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines was identified as a member of the newly defined carbohydrate utilization locus that regulates the utilization of plant sucrose in phytopathogenic bacteria. Interestingly, this enzyme is exclusively a hydrolase and not a glucosyltransferase; it is thus known as sucrose hydrolase (SUH). Here, we elucidated the novel functional features of SUH using X-ray crystallography and site-directed mutagenesis. Four different crystal structures of SUH, including the SUH-Tris and the SUH-sucrose and SUH-glucose complexes, represent structural snapshots along the catalytic reaction coordinate. These structures show that SUH is distinctly different from NpAS in that ligand-induced conformational changes in SUH cause the formation of a pocket-shaped active site and in that SUH lacks the three arginine residues found in the NpAS active site that appear to be crucial for NpAS glucosyltransferase activity. Mutation of SUH to insert these arginines failed to confer glucosyltransferase activity, providing evidence that its enzymatic activity is limited to sucrose hydrolysis by its pocket-shaped active site and the identity of residues in the vicinity of the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Il Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
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46
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Hondoh H, Saburi W, Mori H, Okuyama M, Nakada T, Matsuura Y, Kimura A. Substrate Recognition Mechanism of α-1,6-Glucosidic Linkage Hydrolyzing Enzyme, Dextran Glucosidase from Streptococcus mutans. J Mol Biol 2008; 378:913-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2007] [Revised: 03/07/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Schwarz A, Brecker L, Nidetzky B. Probing the active site of Corynebacterium callunae starch phosphorylase through the characterization of wild-type and His334-->Gly mutant enzymes. FEBS J 2007; 274:5105-15. [PMID: 17803683 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
His334 facilitates catalysis by Corynebacterium callunae starch phosphorylase through selective stabilization of the transition state of the reaction, partly derived from a hydrogen bond between its side chain and the C-6 hydroxy group of the glucosyl residue undergoing transfer to and from phosphate. We have substituted His334 by a Gly and measured the disruptive effects of the site-directed replacement on active site function using steady-state kinetics and NMR spectroscopic characterization of the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and binding of carbohydrate ligands. Purified H334G showed 0.05% and 1.3% of wild-type catalytic center activity for phosphorolysis of maltopentaose (kcatP = 0.033 s(-1)) and substrate binding affinity in the ternary complex with enzyme bound to phosphate (Km = 280 mm), respectively. The 31P chemical shift of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in the wild-type was pH-dependent and not perturbed by binding of arsenate. At pH 7.25, it was not sensitive to the replacement His334-->Gly. Analysis of interactions of alpha-d-glucose 1-phosphate and alpha-d-xylose 1-phosphate upon binding to wild-type and H334G phosphorylase, derived from saturation transfer difference NMR experiments, suggested that disruption of enzyme-substrate interactions in H334G was strictly local, affecting the protein environment of sugar carbon 6. pH profiles of the phosphorolysis rate for wild-type and H334G were both bell-shaped, with the broad pH range of optimum activity in the wild-type (pH 6.5-7.5) being narrowed and markedly shifted to lower pH values in the mutant (pH 6.5-7.0). External imidazole partly restored the activity lost in the mutant, without, however, participating as an alternative nucleophile in the reaction. It caused displacement of the entire pH profile of H334G by + 0.5 pH units. A possible role for His334 in the formation of the oxocarbenium ion-like transition state is suggested, where the hydrogen bond between its side chain and the 6-hydroxyl polarizes and positions O-6 such that electron density in the reactive center is enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schwarz
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Austria
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48
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Ravaud S, Robert X, Watzlawick H, Haser R, Mattes R, Aghajari N. Trehalulose Synthase Native and Carbohydrate Complexed Structures Provide Insights into Sucrose Isomerization. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:28126-36. [PMID: 17597061 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m704515200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Various diseases related to the overconsumption of sugar make a growing need for sugar substitutes. Because sucrose is an inexpensive and readily available d-glucose donor, the industrial potential for enzymatic synthesis of the sucrose isomers trehalulose and/or isomaltulose from sucrose is large. The product specificity of sucrose isomerases that catalyze this reaction depends essentially on the possibility for tautomerization of sucrose, which is required for trehalulose formation. For optimal use of the enzyme, targeting controlled synthesis of these functional isomers, it is necessary to minimize the side reactions. This requires an extensive analysis of substrate binding modes and of the specificity-determining sites in the structure. The 1.6-2.2-A resolution three-dimensional structures of native and mutant complexes of a trehalulose synthase from Pseudomonas mesoacidophila MX-45 mimic successive states of the enzyme reaction. Combined with mutagenesis studies they give for the first time thorough insights into substrate recognition and processing and reaction specificities of these enzymes. Among the important outcomes of this study is the revelation of an aromatic clamp defined by Phe(256) and Phe(280) playing an essential role in substrate recognition and in controlling the reaction specificity, which is further supported by mutagenesis studies. Furthermore, this study highlights essential residues for binding the glucosyl and fructosyl moieties. The introduction of subtle changes informed by comparative three-dimensional structural data observed within our study can lead to fundamental modifications in the mode of action of sucrose isomerases and hence provide a template for industrial catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Ravaud
- Laboratoire de BioCristallographie, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, CNRS et Université de Lyon, UMR 5086, IFR 128 BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, F-69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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Swistowska AM, Gronert S, Wittrock S, Collisi W, Hecht HJ, Hofer B. Identification of structural determinants for substrate binding and turnover by glucosyltransferase R supports the permutation hypothesis. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:4036-42. [PMID: 17678897 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Segments that may crucially influence the catalytic behaviour of glucosyltransferases of the glucansucrase type were selected for modification. This was done by sequence alignments, followed by structural modelling of the putative catalytic domain, based on a permuted form of the glucosyltransferase R (GtfR) of Streptococcus oralis. Five selected regions, located in the C-terminal half of the potential catalytic domain, were replaced by segments found at equivalent positions in other glucosyltransferases. The exchanges of four of these regions significantly affected catalysis by GtfR. This identified C-terminal determinants for substrate binding and turnover and supports the so-called permutation hypothesis with respect to enzymes of the glucansucrase type. Based on the model, roles are proposed for specific residues. Major effects appear to involve a re-positioning of the C-terminal Tyr965 that very likely serves as a hydrophobic platform for the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Swistowska
- Division of Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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50
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Mueller M, Nidetzky B. The role of Asp-295 in the catalytic mechanism ofLeuconostoc mesenteroidessucrose phosphorylase probed with site-directed mutagenesis. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:1403-8. [PMID: 17350620 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Replacements of Asp-295 by Asn (D295N) and Glu (D295E) decreased the catalytic center activity of Leuconostoc mesenteroides sucrose phosphorylase to about 0.01% of the wild-type level (k(cat)=200s(-1)). Glucosylation and deglucosylation steps of D295N were affected uniformly, approximately 10(4.3)-fold, and independently of leaving group ability and nucleophilic reactivity of the substrate, respectively. pH dependences of the catalytic steps were similar for D295N and wild-type. The 10(5)-fold preference of the wild-type for glucosyl transfer compared with mannosyl transfer from phosphate to fructose was lost in D295N and D295E. Selective disruption of catalysis to glucosyl but not mannosyl transfer in the two mutants suggests that the side chain of Asp-295, through a strong hydrogen bond with the equatorial sugar 2-hydroxyl, stabilizes the transition states flanking the beta-glucosyl enzyme intermediate by > or = 23kJ/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mueller
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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