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Doltchinkova V, Andreeva T, Georgieva K, Mihailova G, Balashev K. Desiccation-induced alterations in surface topography of thylakoids from resurrection plant Haberlea rhodopensis studied by atomic force microscopy, electrokinetic and optical measurements. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:585-595. [PMID: 30043985 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With their ability to survive complete desiccation, resurrection plants are a suitable model system for studying the mechanisms of drought tolerance. In the present study, we investigated desiccation-induced alterations in surface topography of thylakoids isolated from well-hydrated, moderately dehydrated, severely desiccated and rehydrated Haberlea rhodopensis plants by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), electrokinetic and optical measurements. According to our knowledge, so far, there were no reports on the characterization of surface topography and polydispersity of thylakoid membranes from resurrection plants using AFM and dynamic light scattering. To study the physicochemical properties of thylakoids from well-hydrated H. rhodopensis plants, we used spinach thylakoids for comparison as a classical model from higher plants. The thylakoids from well-hydrated H. rhodopensis had a grainy surface, significantly different from the well-structured spinach thylakoids with distinct grana and lamella, they had twice smaller cross-sectional area and were 1.5 times less voluminous than that of spinach. Significant differences in their physicochemical properties were observed. The dehydration and subsequent rehydration of plants affected the size, shape, morphology, roughness and therefore the structure of the studied thylakoids. Drought resulted in significant enhancement of negative charges on the outer surface of thylakoid membranes which correlated with the increased roughness of thylakoid surface. This enhancement in surface charge density could be due to the partial unstacking of thylakoids exposing more negatively charged groups from protein complexes on the membrane surface that prevent from possible aggregation upon drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virjinia Doltchinkova
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tonya Andreeva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Katya Georgieva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Gergana Mihailova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Konstantin Balashev
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacia, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Muhamed I, Chowdhury F, Maruthamuthu V. Biophysical Tools to Study Cellular Mechanotransduction. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:E12. [PMID: 28952491 PMCID: PMC5590431 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell membrane is the interface that volumetrically isolates cellular components from the cell's environment. Proteins embedded within and on the membrane have varied biological functions: reception of external biochemical signals, as membrane channels, amplification and regulation of chemical signals through secondary messenger molecules, controlled exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, organized recruitment and sequestration of cytosolic complex proteins, cell division processes, organization of the cytoskeleton and more. The membrane's bioelectrical role is enabled by the physiologically controlled release and accumulation of electrochemical potential modulating molecules across the membrane through specialized ion channels (e.g., Na⁺, Ca2+, K⁺ channels). The membrane's biomechanical functions include sensing external forces and/or the rigidity of the external environment through force transmission, specific conformational changes and/or signaling through mechanoreceptors (e.g., platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM), vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, epithelial (E)-cadherin, integrin) embedded in the membrane. Certain mechanical stimulations through specific receptor complexes induce electrical and/or chemical impulses in cells and propagate across cells and tissues. These biomechanical sensory and biochemical responses have profound implications in normal physiology and disease. Here, we discuss the tools that facilitate the understanding of mechanosensitive adhesion receptors. This article is structured to provide a broad biochemical and mechanobiology background to introduce a freshman mechano-biologist to the field of mechanotransduction, with deeper study enabled by many of the references cited herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismaeel Muhamed
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Farhan Chowdhury
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Energy Processes, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | - Venkat Maruthamuthu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
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Brassinosteroids regulate the thylakoid membrane architecture and the photosystem II function. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 126:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Liu LN, Scheuring S. Investigation of photosynthetic membrane structure using atomic force microscopy. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 18:277-86. [PMID: 23562040 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic processes, including light capture, electron transfer, and energy conversion, are not only ensured by the activities of individual photosynthetic complexes but also substantially determined and regulated by the composition and assembly of the overall photosynthetic apparatus at the supramolecular level. In recent years, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has matured as a unique and powerful tool for directly assessing the supramolecular assembly of integral membrane protein complexes in their native membrane environment at submolecular resolution. This review highlights the major contributions and advances of AFM studies to our understanding of the structure of the bacterial photosynthetic machinery and its regulatory arrangement during chromatic adaptation. AFM topographs of other biological membrane systems and potential future applications of AFM are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ning Liu
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
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Chang KC, Chiang YW, Yang CH, Liou JW. Atomic force microscopy in biology and biomedicine. Tzu Chi Med J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcmj.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Liou JW, Gu MH, Chen YK, Chen WY, Chen YC, Tseng YH, Hung YJ, Chang HH. Visible light responsive photocatalyst induces progressive and apical-terminus preferential damages on Escherichia coli surfaces. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19982. [PMID: 21589873 PMCID: PMC3093399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent research shows that visible-light responsive photocatalysts have potential usage in antimicrobial applications. However, the dynamic changes in the damage to photocatalyzed bacteria remain unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings Facilitated by atomic force microscopy, this study analyzes the visible-light driven photocatalyst-mediated damage of Escherichia coli. Results show that antibacterial properties are associated with the appearance of hole-like structures on the bacteria surfaces. Unexpectedly, these hole-like structures were preferentially induced at the apical terminus of rod shaped E. coli cells. Differentiating the damages into various levels and analyzing the percentage of damage to the cells showed that photocatalysis was likely to elicit sequential damages in E. coli cells. The process began with changing the surface properties on bacterial cells, as indicated in surface roughness measurements using atomic force microscopy, and holes then formed at the apical terminus of the cells. The holes were then subsequently enlarged until the cells were totally transformed into a flattened shape. Parallel experiments indicated that photocatalysis-induced bacterial protein leakage is associated with the progression of hole-like damages, further suggesting pore formation. Control experiments using ultraviolet light responsive titanium-dioxide substrates also obtained similar observations, suggesting that this is a general phenomenon of E. coli in response to photocatalysis. Conclusion/Significance The photocatalysis-mediated localization-preferential damage to E. coli cells reveals the weak points of the bacteria. This might facilitate the investigation of antibacterial mechanism of the photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Wen Liou
- Department of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Dong-Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hui Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yen-Kai Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yao-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jiun Hung
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Dong-Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Wang H, Lin J, Wang C, Zhang X, An H, Zhou X, Sun J, Hu J. Evaluation of the radial deformability of poly(dG)-poly(dC) DNA and G4-DNA using vibrating scanning polarization force microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:7523-7528. [PMID: 20095534 DOI: 10.1021/la904329q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Poly(dG)-poly(dC) DNA and G4-DNA are two types of synthetic molecules that are regarded as promising candidates for molecular nanodevices. In this work, vibrating scanning polarization force microscopy (VSPFM) was employed to study the radial deformability of these two molecules coadsorbed on a Ni(2+)-modified mica surface. The values of the radial compressive elastic modulus of these two types of molecules were found to be similar (approximately 5-10 MPa) when the external loading force was between approximately 0.04 and approximately 0.12 nN. However, G4-DNA molecules possessed higher stiffness than poly(dG)-poly(dC) DNA (approximately 20-40 vs approximately 10-20 MPa) when the loading force was larger than approximately 0.12 nN. The results will aid us in understanding these molecule's mechanical performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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Vacha F, Bumba L, Kaftan D, Vacha M. Microscopy and single molecule detection in photosynthesis. Micron 2005; 36:483-502. [PMID: 15951188 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Revised: 04/18/2005] [Accepted: 04/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Progress in various fields of microscopy techniques brought up enormous possibilities to study the photosynthesis down to the level of individual pigment-protein complexes. The aim of this review is to present recent developments in the photosynthesis research obtained using such highly advanced techniques. Three areas of microscopy techniques covering optical microscopy, electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy are reviewed. Whereas the electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy are used in photosynthesis mainly for structural studies of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes, the optical microscopy is used also for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Vacha
- Institute of Physical Biology, University of South Bohemia, Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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