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Belcher DA, Cuddington CT, Martindale EL, Pires IS, Palmer AF. Controlled Polymerization and Ultrafiltration Increase the Consistency of Polymerized Hemoglobin for Use as an Oxygen Carrier. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:605-621. [PMID: 31868349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymerized human hemoglobins (PolyhHbs) are a promising class of red blood cell substitute for use in transfusion medicine. Unfortunately, the application of the commonly used glutaraldehyde cross-linking chemistry to synthesize these materials results in a complex mixture of PolyhHb molecules with highly varied batch-to-batch consistency. We implemented a controlled method of gas exchange and reagent addition that results in a homogeneous PolyhHb product. A fully coupled tangential flow filtration system was used to purify and concentrate the synthesized PolyhHb molecules. This improved method of PolyhHb production could be used to more precisely control the size and reduce the polydispersity of PolyhHb molecules, with minimal effects on the resulting oxygen-carrying capability. In addition to these factors, we assessed how the hemoglobin scavenging protein haptoglobin (Hp) would interact with PolyhHb molecules of varying sizes and quarternary states. Our results indicated that T-state PolyhHbs may be more efficiently detoxified by Hp compared with R-state PolyhHb and unmodified Hb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Belcher
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Clayton T Cuddington
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Evan L Martindale
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ivan S Pires
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Andre F Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Hirsch RE, Sibmooh N, Fucharoen S, Friedman JM. HbE/β-Thalassemia and Oxidative Stress: The Key to Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutics. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:794-813. [PMID: 27650096 PMCID: PMC5421591 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative stress and generation of free radicals are fundamental in initiating pathophysiological mechanisms leading to an inflammatory cascade resulting in high rates of morbidity and death from many inherited point mutation-derived hemoglobinopathies. Hemoglobin (Hb)E is the most common point mutation worldwide. The βE-globin gene is found in greatest frequency in Southeast Asia, including Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. With the wave of worldwide migration, it is entering the gene pool of diverse populations with greater consequences than expected. CRITICAL ISSUES While HbE by itself presents as a mild anemia and a single gene for β-thalassemia is not serious, it remains unexplained why HbE/β-thalassemia (HbE/β-thal) is a grave disease with high morbidity and mortality. Patients often exhibit defective physical development, severe chronic anemia, and often die of cardiovascular disease and severe infections. Recent Advances: This article presents an overview of HbE/β-thal disease with an emphasis on new findings pointing to pathophysiological mechanisms derived from and initiated by the dysfunctional property of HbE as a reduced nitrite reductase concomitant with excess α-chains exacerbating unstable HbE, leading to a combination of nitric oxide imbalance, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory events. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Additionally, we present new therapeutic strategies that are based on the emerging molecular-level understanding of the pathophysiology of this and other hemoglobinopathies. These strategies are designed to short-circuit the inflammatory cascade leading to devastating chronic morbidity and fatal consequences. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 794-813.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhoda Elison Hirsch
- Department of Medicine (Hematology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Nathawut Sibmooh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suthat Fucharoen
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, Thailand
| | - Joel M. Friedman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Abstract
Removal of heme from human hemoglobin (Hb) results in formation of an apoglobin heterodimer. Titration of this apodimer with guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) leads to biphasic unfolding curves indicating two distinct steps. Initially, the heme pocket unfolds and generates a dimeric intermediate in which ∼50% of the original helicity is lost, but the α1β1 interface is still intact. At higher GdnHCl concentrations, this intermediate dissociates into unfolded monomers. This structural interpretation was verified by comparing GdnHCl titrations for adult human hemoglobin A (HbA), recombinant fetal human hemoglobin (HbF), recombinant Hb cross-linked with a single glycine linker between the α chains, and recombinant Hbs with apolar heme pocket mutations that markedly stabilize native conformations in both subunits. The first phase of apoHb unfolding is independent of protein concentration, little affected by genetic cross-linking, but significantly shifted toward higher GdnHCl concentrations by the stabilizing distal pocket mutations. The second phase depends on protein concentration and is shifted to higher GdnHCl concentrations by genetic cross-linking. This model for apoHb unfolding allowed us to quantitate subtle differences in stability between apoHbA and apoHbF, which suggest that the β and γ heme pockets have similar stabilities, whereas the α1γ1 interface is more resistant to dissociation than the α1β1 interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premila P Samuel
- Department of BioSciences and ‡Department of Chemistry, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - William C Ou
- Department of BioSciences and ‡Department of Chemistry, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - George N Phillips
- Department of BioSciences and ‡Department of Chemistry, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - John S Olson
- Department of BioSciences and ‡Department of Chemistry, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
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Fatunmbi O, Abzalimov RR, Savinov SN, Gershenson A, Kaltashov IA. Interactions of Haptoglobin with Monomeric Globin Species: Insights from Molecular Modeling and Native Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Biochemistry 2016; 55:1918-28. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ololade Fatunmbi
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Rinat R. Abzalimov
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Sergey N. Savinov
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Anne Gershenson
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Igor A. Kaltashov
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Kan HI, Chen IY, Zulfajri M, Wang CC. Subunit disassembly pathway of human hemoglobin revealing the site-specific role of its cysteine residues. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:9831-9. [PMID: 23902424 DOI: 10.1021/jp402292b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine residues play a unique role in human hemoglobin (Hb) by affecting its cooperative oxygen binding behavior and the stability of its tetrameric structure. However, how these cysteine residues fulfill their biophysical functions from the molecular level is yet unclear. Here we study the subunit disassembly pathway of human hemoglobin using the sulfhydryl reagent, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (PMB) and investigate the functional roles of cysteine residues in human hemoglobin. We show evidence from the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry that all three types of cysteine residues, including the surface-exposed βCys93 and the shielded αCys104 and βCys112 are reactive to PMB, resolving an issue long under debate. It is demonstrated that all three types of cysteine residues must be blocked by PMB to accomplish the subunit disassembly, and the PMB-cysteine reactions proceed in a stepwise manner with an order of βCys93, αCys104, and βCys112. The PMB reactions with the three different cysteine residues demonstrate strong site-specificity. The possible influence of PMB-cysteine reactions to the stability of various intersubunit salt bridges has been discussed based on the crystallographic structure of hemoglobin, providing insights in understanding the hemoglobin subunit disassembly pathway and the site-specific functional role of each cysteine residue in hemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-I Kan
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C. 80424
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Roche CJ, Malashkevich V, Balazs TC, Dantsker D, Chen Q, Moreira J, Almo SC, Friedman JM, Hirsch RE. Structural and functional studies indicating altered redox properties of hemoglobin E: implications for production of bioactive nitric oxide. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:23452-66. [PMID: 21531715 PMCID: PMC3123109 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.183186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) E (β-Glu26Lys) remains an enigma in terms of its contributions to red blood cell (RBC) pathophysiological mechanisms; for example, EE individuals exhibit a mild chronic anemia, and HbE/β-thalassemia individuals show a range of clinical manifestations, including high morbidity and death, often resulting from cardiac dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate structural and functional consequences of the HbE mutation that might account for the pathophysiology. Functional studies indicate minimal allosteric consequence to both oxygen and carbon monoxide binding properties of the ferrous derivatives of HbE. In contrast, redox-sensitive reactions are clearly impacted as seen in the following: 1) the ∼2.5 times decrease in the rate at which HbE catalyzes nitrite reduction to nitric oxide (NO) relative to HbA, and 2) the accelerated rate of reduction of aquometHbE by L-cysteine (L-Cys). Sol-gel encapsulation studies imply a shift toward a higher redox potential for both the T and R HbE structures that can explain the origin of the reduced nitrite reductase activity of deoxyHbE and the accelerated rate of reduction of aquometHbE by cysteine. Deoxy- and CO HbE crystal structures (derived from crystals grown at or near physiological pH) show loss of hydrogen bonds in the microenvironment of βLys-26 and no significant tertiary conformational perturbations at the allosteric transition sites in the R and T states. Together, these data suggest a model in which the HbE mutation, as a consequence of a relative change in redox properties, decreases the overall rate of Hb-mediated production of bioactive NO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Moreira
- From the Departments of Physiology and Biophysics
| | | | | | - Rhoda Elison Hirsch
- Medicine (Division of Hematology), and
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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Mitra G, Muralidharan M, Pinto J, Srinivasan K, Mandal AK. Structural Perturbation of Human Hemoglobin on Glutathionylation Probed by Hydrogen−Deuterium Exchange and MALDI Mass Spectrometry. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:785-93. [DOI: 10.1021/bc100602f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gopa Mitra
- Molecular Medicine & Clinical Proteomics, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Monita Muralidharan
- Molecular Medicine & Clinical Proteomics, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Jennifer Pinto
- Molecular Medicine & Clinical Proteomics, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Krishnamachari Srinivasan
- Molecular Medicine & Clinical Proteomics, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Amit Kumar Mandal
- Molecular Medicine & Clinical Proteomics, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
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Manconi B, De Rosa MC, Cappabianca MP, Olianas A, Carelli Alinovi C, Mastropietro F, Ponzini D, Amato A, Pellegrini M. A new beta-chain haemoglobin variant with increased oxygen affinity: Hb Roma [beta115(g17)Ala-->Val]. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1800:327-35. [PMID: 19900509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemoglobin Roma [beta115(G17)Ala-->Val] is a new adult haemoglobin variant found in a patient presenting a mild hypochromia and microcytosis. We studied this previously uncharacterised variant in order to evaluate the effect on the structural and funcional properties of the Ala-->Val substitution at the alpha1beta1 interface. METHODS AND RESULTS The variant chain was identified by direct DNA sequencing of the beta-globin gene, which revealed a GCC-->GTC mutation in codon 115. This mutation was confirmed by mass spectrometric analysis of the tetramers and peptides. The oxygen-binding properties of the haemoglobin A/haemoglobin Roma mixture, in which the variant makes up 25% of the haemoglobins, showed a significant increase in oxygen affinity with respect to normal haemoglobin A, both in the absence and presence of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate. The role of the betaG17 position, situated at the alpha(1)beta(1) interface, has been examined using computational models of haemoglobin Roma and other known betaG17 variants, in comparison with normal haemoglobin A. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the beta115(G17)Ala-->Val substitution at the alpha1beta1 interface is responsible for increased oxygen affinity and mild destabilisation of the haemoglobin Roma. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE An amino acid substitution at the G17 position of the alpha1beta1 interface may result in stabilisation of the high affinity R-state of the haemoglobin molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Applicate ai Biosistemi, Università di Cagliari, Italy
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Graves PE, Henderson DP, Horstman MJ, Solomon BJ, Olson JS. Enhancing stability and expression of recombinant human hemoglobin in E. coli: Progress in the development of a recombinant HBOC source. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2008; 1784:1471-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2008.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2007] [Revised: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Adachi K, Zhao Y, Lakka V, Weiss MJ, Surrey S. Assembly of recently translated full-length and C-terminal truncated human gamma-globin chains with a pool of alpha-globin chains to form Hb F in a cell-free system. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 463:60-7. [PMID: 17418086 PMCID: PMC1978184 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 02/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Assembly of alpha-globin with translated, full-length and C-terminal truncated human gamma-globin to form Hb F was assessed in a cell-free transcription/translation system. Polysome profiles showed two amino acid C-terminal-truncated gamma-chains retained on polysomes can assemble with unlabeled holo alpha-chains only after puromycin-induced chain release. Two amino acid C-terminal truncated gamma-chains encoded from vectors containing a stop codon at the translation termination site were released from polysomes and assembled with alpha-chains in the absence of puromycin addition, while removal of 11 or more amino acids from the gamma-chain carboxy-terminus inhibited assembly with alpha-chains. These results suggest that amino acids in the HC- and H-helix gamma-chain regions including amino acids 135-144 at the C-terminus in the translated gamma-chains play a key role in assembly with alpha-chains, and that assembly occurs soon after exit of translated gamma-chains from the ribosome tunnel and release from polysomes thereby preventing stable gamma(2) homo-dimer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Adachi
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Hematology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 34th Street & Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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