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Van Stappen C, Deng Y, Liu Y, Heidari H, Wang JX, Zhou Y, Ledray AP, Lu Y. Designing Artificial Metalloenzymes by Tuning of the Environment beyond the Primary Coordination Sphere. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11974-12045. [PMID: 35816578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes catalyze a variety of reactions using a limited number of natural amino acids and metallocofactors. Therefore, the environment beyond the primary coordination sphere must play an important role in both conferring and tuning their phenomenal catalytic properties, enabling active sites with otherwise similar primary coordination environments to perform a diverse array of biological functions. However, since the interactions beyond the primary coordination sphere are numerous and weak, it has been difficult to pinpoint structural features responsible for the tuning of activities of native enzymes. Designing artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) offers an excellent basis to elucidate the roles of these interactions and to further develop practical biological catalysts. In this review, we highlight how the secondary coordination spheres of ArMs influence metal binding and catalysis, with particular focus on the use of native protein scaffolds as templates for the design of ArMs by either rational design aided by computational modeling, directed evolution, or a combination of both approaches. In describing successes in designing heme, nonheme Fe, and Cu metalloenzymes, heteronuclear metalloenzymes containing heme, and those ArMs containing other metal centers (including those with non-native metal ions and metallocofactors), we have summarized insights gained on how careful controls of the interactions in the secondary coordination sphere, including hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions, allow the generation and tuning of these respective systems to approach, rival, and, in a few cases, exceed those of native enzymes. We have also provided an outlook on the remaining challenges in the field and future directions that will allow for a deeper understanding of the secondary coordination sphere a deeper understanding of the secondary coordintion sphere to be gained, and in turn to guide the design of a broader and more efficient variety of ArMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Van Stappen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yunling Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hirbod Heidari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jing-Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Aaron P Ledray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Abiological catalysis by myoglobin mutant with a genetically incorporated unnatural amino acid. Biochem J 2021; 478:1795-1808. [PMID: 33821889 PMCID: PMC10071548 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To inculcate biocatalytic activity in the oxygen-storage protein myoglobin (Mb), a genetically engineered myoglobin mutant H64DOPA (DOPA = L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) has been created. Incorporation of unnatural amino acids has already demonstrated their ability to accomplish many non-natural functions in proteins efficiently. Herein, the presence of redox-active DOPA residue in the active site of mutant Mb presumably stabilizes the compound I in the catalytic oxidation process by participating in an additional hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) as compared to the WT Mb. Specifically, a general acid-base catalytic pathway was achieved due to the availability of the hydroxyl moieties of DOPA. The reduction potential values of WT (E° = -260 mV) and mutant Mb (E° = -300 mV), w.r.t. Ag/AgCl reference electrode, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, indicated an additional H-bonding in the mutant protein, which is responsible for the peroxidase activity of the mutant Mb. We observed that in the presence of 5 mM H2O2, H64DOPA Mb oxidizes thioanisole and benzaldehyde with a 10 and 54 folds higher rate, respectively, as opposed to WT Mb. Based on spectroscopic, kinetic, and electrochemical studies, we deduce that DOPA residue, when present within the distal pocket of mutant Mb, alone serves the role of His/Arg-pair of peroxidases.
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Kariyawasam K, Ricoux R, Mahy JP. Recent advances in the field of artificial hemoproteins: New efficient eco-compatible biocatalysts for nitrene-, oxene- and carbene-transfer reactions. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619300222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, the field of artificial hemoproteins has been expanding through two main strategies involving either the incorporation of synthetic metalloporphyrin derivatives into the chiral cavity of a protein or the directed evolution of natural hemoproteins such as myoglobin and cytochromes P450. First, various synthetic water-soluble porphyrins including ions of transition metals such as iron and manganese have been inserted covalently or by supramolecular anchoring into non-specifically designed native proteins or into proteins modified by a minimum number of mutations. The obtained artificial hemoproteins were able to catalyze oxene transfer reactions such as epoxidation of alkenes or sulfoxidation of sulfides and cyclopropanation reactions with good activities and moderate enantioselectivities. Recently, a second approach, based on the design of the active site of already existing native hemoproteins such as myoglobin and cytochromes P450 by directed evolution, has led to new artificial hemoproteins that are able to catalyze oxene transfer reactions with improved activities as well as with abiological reactions. This approach thus provided promising tools for the catalysis of reactions such as intramolecular or intermolecular carbene and nitrene transfer reactions with high efficiencies. In addition, in all cases, after a few rounds of mutagenesis, mutants that were able to catalyze those reactions with a high enantioselectivity could be obtained. Finally, several groups showed that these new artificial metalloenzymes could also be used for the preparative scale-production of compounds with an excellent enantioselectivity, opening new pathways for the industrial synthesis of compounds of pharmaceutical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalani Kariyawasam
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), UMR 8182 CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, Bât. 420, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay CEDEX, France
| | - Rémy Ricoux
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), UMR 8182 CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, Bât. 420, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay CEDEX, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Mahy
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), UMR 8182 CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, Bât. 420, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay CEDEX, France
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Maity B, Ueno T. Design of Bioinorganic Materials at the Interface of Coordination and Biosupramolecular Chemistry. CHEM REC 2016; 17:383-398. [PMID: 28028896 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein assemblies have recently become known as potential molecular scaffolds for applications in materials science and bio-nanotechnology. Efforts to design protein assemblies for construction of protein-based hybrid materials with metal ions, metal complexes, nanomaterials and proteins now represent a growing field with a common aim of providing novel functions and mimicking natural functions. However, the important roles of protein assemblies in coordination and biosupramolecular chemistry have not been systematically investigated and characterized. In this personal account, we focus on our recent progress in rational design of protein assemblies using bioinorganic chemistry for (1) exploration of unnatural reactions, (2) construction of functional protein architectures, and (3) in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basudev Maity
- Department of Life Science anad Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B55-Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ueno
- Department of Life Science anad Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B55-Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
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Shoji O, Fujishiro T, Nishio K, Kano Y, Kimoto H, Chien SC, Onoda H, Muramatsu A, Tanaka S, Hori A, Sugimoto H, Shiro Y, Watanabe Y. A substrate-binding-state mimic of H2O2-dependent cytochrome P450 produced by one-point mutagenesis and peroxygenation of non-native substrates. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00630b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
H2O2-dependent cytochrome P450s that can catalyze monooxygenation of nonnative substrates were constructed by one-point mutagenesis.
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Mahy JP, Maréchal JD, Ricoux R. Various strategies for obtaining oxidative artificial hemoproteins with a catalytic oxidative activity: from "Hemoabzymes" to "Hemozymes"? J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424614500813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The design of artificial hemoproteins that could lead to new biocatalysts for selective oxidation reactions using clean oxidants such as O 2 or H 2 O 2 under ecocompatible conditions constitutes a really promising challenge for a wide range of industrial applications. In vivo, such reactions are performed by heme-thiolate proteins, cytochromes P450, that catalyze the oxidation of drugs by dioxygen in the presence of electrons delivered from NADPH by cytochrome P450 reductase. Several strategies were used to design new artificial hemoproteins to mimic these enzymes, that associate synthetic metalloporphyrin derivatives to a protein that is supposed to induce a selectivity in the catalyzed reaction. A first generation of artificial hemoproteins or "hemoabzymes" was obtained by the non-covalent association of synthetic hemes such as N-methyl-mesoporphyrin IX, Fe(III) -α3β-tetra-o-carboxyphenylporphyrin or microperoxidase 8 with monoclonal antibodies raised against these cofactors. The obtained antibody-metalloporphyrin complexes displayed a peroxidase activity and some of them catalyzed the regio-selective nitration of phenols by H 2 O 2/ NO 2 and the stereo-selective oxidation of sulphides by H 2 O 2. A second generation of artificial hemoproteins or "hemozymes", was obtained by the non-covalent association of non-relevant proteins with metalloporphyrin derivatives. Several strategies were used, the most successful of which, named "host-guest" strategy involved the non-covalent incorporation of metalloporphyrin derivatives into easily affordable proteins. The artificial hemoproteins obtained were found to be able to perform efficiently the stereoselective oxidation of organic compounds such as sulphides and alkenes by H 2 O 2 and KHSO 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Mahy
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182 CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie, Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, Bât. 420, Université Paris-sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Didier Maréchal
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici C.n., 08193 Cerdonyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rémy Ricoux
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182 CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie, Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, Bât. 420, Université Paris-sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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Mahy JP, Maréchal JD, Ricoux R. From “hemoabzymes” to “hemozymes”: towards new biocatalysts for selective oxidations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:2476-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08169b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two generations of artificial hemoproteins have been obtained: “hemoabzymes”, by non-covalent association of synthetic hemes with monoclonal antibodies raised against these cofactors and “hemozymes”, by non-covalent association of non-relevant proteins with metalloporphyrin derivatives. A review of the different strategies employed as well as their structural and catalytic properties is presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.-P. Mahy
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay
- UMR 8182 CNRS
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique
- 91435 Orsay Cedex
- France
| | - J.-D. Maréchal
- Departament de Química
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - R. Ricoux
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay
- UMR 8182 CNRS
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique
- 91435 Orsay Cedex
- France
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Li M, Dong S, Li N, Tang H, Zheng J. Magnetic Fe3O4 carbon aerogel and ionic liquid composite films as an electrochemical interface for accelerated electrochemistry of glucose oxidase and myoglobin. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13400a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesized magnetic ferroferric oxide carbon aerogel (Fe3O4-CA) was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- College of Sciences
- Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology
- Xi′an
- China
| | - Sheying Dong
- College of Sciences
- Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology
- Xi′an
- China
| | - Nan Li
- Xi′an Chuanglian Huate Surface Treatment Tech. Co. Ltd
- Xi′an 710055
- China
| | - Hongsheng Tang
- Institute of Analytical Science
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710069
- China
| | - Jianbin Zheng
- Institute of Analytical Science
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710069
- China
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Implications of active site orientation in myoglobin for direct electron transfer and electrocatalysis based on monolayer and multilayer covalent immobilization on gold electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Dosi R, Carusone A, Chambery A, Severino V, Parente A, Di Maro A. Rapid primary structure determination of myoglobins by a complementary approach based on mass spectrometry and Edman degradation. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ueno T, Ohki T, Watanabe Y. Molecular engineering of cytochrome P450 and myoglobin for selective oxygenations. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842460400026x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aspects of protein engineering of cytochrome P450 (P450) and myoglobin ( Mb ) to construct selective oxygenation catalysts have been described. Heme enzymes are known as biocatalysts for various oxidations but the design of substrate specificity has still remained one of the significant challenges because of dynamic nature of enzyme-substrate interactions. In particular, P450s are the most interesting targets among the heme enzymes because they are able to catalyze many types of monooxygenations such as hydroxylation, epoxidation, and sulfoxidation with high selectivity. Thus, many researchers have made efforts to convert the selectivity for natural substrates into that for unnatural substrates by several protein engineering approaches. On the other hand, we have reported a rational design of Mb to convert its oxygen carrier function into that of peroxidase or peroxygenase. The Mb mutants prepared in our work afford oxo-ferryl porphyrin radical cation (compound I) as observable species in Mb for the first time. Furthermore, some of the mutants we have constructed are useful for enantioselective oxygenations by oxygen transfer from the Mb -compound I to substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Ueno
- Research Center for Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ohki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Xu J, Shoji O, Fujishiro T, Ohki T, Ueno T, Watanabe Y. Construction of biocatalysts using the myoglobin scaffold for the synthesis of indigo from indole. Catal Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cy00427e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Matsuo T, Fukumoto K, Watanabe T, Hayashi T. Precise Design of Artificial Cofactors for Enhancing Peroxidase Activity of Myoglobin: Myoglobin Mutant H64D Reconstituted with a “Single-Winged Cofactor” Is Equivalent to Native Horseradish Peroxidase in Oxidation Activity. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:2491-9. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Shoji O, Watanabe Y. Design of H2O2-dependent oxidation catalyzed by hemoproteins. Metallomics 2011; 3:379-88. [DOI: 10.1039/c0mt00090f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wojaczyńska E, Wojaczyński J. Enantioselective synthesis of sulfoxides: 2000-2009. Chem Rev 2010; 110:4303-56. [PMID: 20415478 DOI: 10.1021/cr900147h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Wojaczyńska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspiańskiego 27, 50 370 Wrocław, Poland.
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Prokop Z, Sato Y, Brezovsky J, Mozga T, Chaloupkova R, Koudelakova T, Jerabek P, Stepankova V, Natsume R, van Leeuwen J, Janssen D, Florian J, Nagata Y, Senda T, Damborsky J. Enantioselectivity of Haloalkane Dehalogenases and its Modulation by Surface Loop Engineering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:6111-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Prokop Z, Sato Y, Brezovsky J, Mozga T, Chaloupkova R, Koudelakova T, Jerabek P, Stepankova V, Natsume R, van Leeuwen J, Janssen D, Florian J, Nagata Y, Senda T, Damborsky J. Enantioselectivity of Haloalkane Dehalogenases and its Modulation by Surface Loop Engineering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Watanabe Y, Nakajima H, Ueno T. Reactivities of oxo and peroxo intermediates studied by hemoprotein mutants. Acc Chem Res 2007; 40:554-62. [PMID: 17567089 DOI: 10.1021/ar600046a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of myoglobin mutants, in which distal sites are modified by site-directed mutagenesis, are able to catalyze peroxidase, catalase, and P450 reactions even though their proximal histidine ligands are intact. More importantly, reactions of P450, catalase, and peroxidase substrates and compound I of myoglobin mutants can be observed spectroscopically. Thus, detailed oxidation mechanisms were examined. On the basis of these results, we suggest that the different reactivities of P450, catalase, and peroxidase are mainly caused by their active site structures, but not the axial ligand. We have also prepared compound 0 under physiological conditions by employing a mutant of cytochrome c 552. Compound 0 is not able to oxidize ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Watanabe
- Research Center for Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Ueno T, Koshiyama T, Abe S, Yokoi N, Ohashi M, Nakajima H, Watanabe Y. Design of artificial metalloenzymes using non-covalent insertion of a metal complex into a protein scaffold. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Mahammed A, Gross Z. Albumin-Conjugated Corrole Metal Complexes: Extremely Simple Yet Very Efficient Biomimetic Oxidation Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:2883-7. [PMID: 15740123 DOI: 10.1021/ja045372c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An extremely simple biomimetic oxidation system, consisting of mixing metal complexes of amphiphilic corroles with serum albumins, utilizes hydrogen peroxide for asymmetric sulfoxidation in up to 74% ee. The albumin-conjugated manganese corroles also display catalase-like activity, and mechanistic evidence points toward oxidant-coordinated manganese(III) as the prime reaction intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Mahammed
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Pfister TD, Ohki T, Ueno T, Hara I, Adachi S, Makino Y, Ueyama N, Lu Y, Watanabe Y. Monooxygenation of an aromatic ring by F43W/H64D/V68I myoglobin mutant and hydrogen peroxide. Myoglobin mutants as a model for P450 hydroxylation chemistry. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:12858-66. [PMID: 15664991 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m410853200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoglobin (Mb) is used as a model system for other heme proteins and the reactions they catalyze. The latest novel function to be proposed for myoglobin is a P450 type hydroxylation activity of aromatic carbons (Watanabe, Y., and Ueno, T. (2003) Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 76, 1309-1322). Because Mb does not contain a specific substrate binding site for aromatic compounds near the heme, an engineered tryptophan in the heme pocket was used to model P450 hydroxylation of aromatic compounds. The monooxygenation product was not previously isolated because of rapid subsequent oxidation steps (Hara, I., Ueno, T., Ozaki, S., Itoh, S., Lee, K., Ueyama, N., and Watanabe, Y. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 36067-36070). In this work, a Mb variant (F43W/H64D/V68I) is used to characterize the monooxygenated intermediate. A modified (+16 Da) species forms upon the addition of 1 eq of H2O2. This product was digested with chymotrypsin, and the modified peptide fragments were isolated and characterized as 6-hydroxytryptophan using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy and 1H NMR. This engineered Mb variant represents the first enzyme to preferentially hydroxylate the indole side chain of Trp at the C6 position. Finally, heme extraction was used to demonstrate that both the formation of the 6-hydroxytryptophan intermediate (+16 Da) and subsequent oxidation to form the +30 Da final product are catalyzed by the heme cofactor, most probably via the compound I intermediate. These results provide insight into the mechanism of hydroxylation of aromatic carbons by heme proteins, demonstrating that non-thiolate-ligated heme enzymes can perform this function. This establishes Mb compound I as a model for P450 type aromatic hydroxylation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Pfister
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61820, USA
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Kato S, Ueno T, Fukuzumi S, Watanabe Y. Catalase Reaction by Myoglobin Mutants and Native Catalase. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:52376-81. [PMID: 15347658 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m403532200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalase reaction has been studied in detail by using myoglobin (Mb) mutants. Compound I of Mb mutants (Mb-I), a ferryl species (Fe(IV)=O) paired with a porphyrin radical cation, is readily prepared by the reaction with a nearly stoichiometric amount of m-chloroperbenzoic acid. Upon the addition of H2O2 to an Mb-I solution, Mb-I is reduced back to the ferric state without forming any intermediates. This indicates that Mb-I is capable of performing two-electron oxidation of H2O2 (catalatic reaction). Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis of the evolved O2 from a 50:50 mixture of H2(18)O2/H2(16)O2 solution containing H64D or F43H/H64L Mb showed the formation of 18O2 (m/e = 36) and 16O2 (m/e = 32) but not 16O18O (m/e = 34). This implies that O2 is formed by two-electron oxidation of H2O2 without breaking the O-O bond. Deuterium isotope effects on the catalatic reactions of Mb mutants and catalase suggest that the catalatic reactions of Micrococcus lysodeikticus catalase and F43H/H64L Mb proceed via an ionic mechanism with a small isotope effect of less than 4.0, since the distal histidine residue is located at a proper position to act as a general acid-base catalyst for the ionic reaction. In contrast, other Mb mutants such as H64X (X is Ala, Ser, and Asp) and L29H/H64L Mb oxidize H2O2 via a radical mechanism in which a hydrogen atom is abstracted by Mb-I with a large isotope effect in a range of 10-29, due to a lack of the general acid-base catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kato
- Department of Structural Molecule Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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Ishikawa H, Takahashi S, Ishimori K, Morishima I. Steric effects of isoleucine 107 on heme reorientation reaction in human myoglobin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 324:1095-100. [PMID: 15485667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.09.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Structural factors to regulate the heme reorientation reaction in myoglobin were examined and we found that the side chain at position 107 (Ile107), which is located between the 2-vinyl and 3-methyl groups of heme, forms a kinetic barrier for the heme rotation about the alpha-gamma axis. The phenylalanine-substituted mutant showed an extremely slow heme reorientation rate, compared to that of the wild-type protein, while replacement by the decreased side chain, valine, at position 107 accelerated the reorientation reaction. Considering that the spectroscopic data show only minor structural changes in the heme environments of the Ile107 mutants, the side chain at position 107 sterically interacts with the heme peripheral groups in the activation state for the heme reorientation, which supports the intramolecular mechanism that the heme rotates about the alpha-gamma axis without leaving the "protein cage."
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruto Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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24
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Nitrite increases the enantioselectivity of sulfoxidation catalyzed by myoglobin derivatives in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Roncone R, Monzani E, Nicolis S, Casella L. Engineering and Prosthetic‐Group Modification of Myoglobin: Peroxidase Activity, Chemical Stability and Unfolding Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200400126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Roncone
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Fax: (internat.) +39‐0382‐528544
| | - Enrico Monzani
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Fax: (internat.) +39‐0382‐528544
| | - Stefania Nicolis
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Fax: (internat.) +39‐0382‐528544
| | - Luigi Casella
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Fax: (internat.) +39‐0382‐528544
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26
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Matsunaga I, Shiro Y. Peroxide-utilizing biocatalysts: structural and functional diversity of heme-containing enzymes. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2004; 8:127-32. [PMID: 15062772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2004.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Heme-containing enzymes, such as peroxidases, catalase and peroxygenase P450 all utilize peroxides for their specific reactions. A variety of reactions catalyzed by such heme-containing enzymes involve a common, highly reactive intermediate, the so-called compound I (oxo-ferryl porphyrin pi-cation radical), which is generated via the reaction of peroxide with a ferric heme iron. However, the main reaction catalyzed by the heme-containing enzyme is determined by the accessibility of substrates to their active sites. Using the accumulated knowledge, we delineate a view, in which machineries of the heme-containing enzymes, especially the heme distal side structures, precisely regulate their functions in terms of sharing a common reactive intermediate. We also show the possibility that a hemoprotein of one functionality can be engineered to that with another functionality by modifying the heme distal side elements, on the basis of molecular-based mechanistic and structural data on these peroxide-utilizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isamu Matsunaga
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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