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Bhattacharjee P, Sarkar P, Bhadra K. Evaluation of therapeutic role of harmaline: in vitro cytotoxicity targeting nucleic acids. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024; 26:519-533. [PMID: 37656039 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2251116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Use of small molecules as valuable drugs against diseases is still an indefinable purpose due to the lack of in-detail knowledge regarding proper bio-target identification, specificity aspects, mode-mechanism of binding and proper in vitro study. Harmaline, an important beta-carboline alkaloid, shows effective anti-proliferative action against different types of human cancers and is also found to be a nucleic acid targeting natural molecule. This review sought to address the different signal pathways of apoptosis by harmaline in different cancer cell lines and simultaneously to characterize the structure activity aspects of the alkaloid with different motifs of nucleic acid to show its preference, biological efficacy and genotoxicity. The results open up new insights for the design and development of small molecule-based nucleic acid therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paromita Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Nadia, W. Bengal 741235, India
| | - Kakali Bhadra
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Nadia, W. Bengal 741235, India
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Allegra A, Petrarca C, Di Gioacchino M, Mirabile G, Gangemi S. Electrochemical Biosensors in the Diagnosis of Acute and Chronic Leukemias. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010146. [PMID: 36612142 PMCID: PMC9817807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Until now, morphological assessment with an optical or electronic microscope, fluorescence in situ hybridization, DNA sequencing, flow cytometry, polymerase chain reactions, and immunohistochemistry have been employed for leukemia identification. Nevertheless, despite their numerous different vantages, it is difficult to recognize leukemic cells correctly. Recently, the electrochemical evaluation with a nano-sensing interface seems an attractive alternative. Electrochemical biosensors measure the modification in the electrical characteristics of the nano-sensing interface, which is modified by the contact between a biological recognition element and the analyte objective. The implementation of nanosensors is founded not on single nanomaterials but rather on compilating these components efficiently. Biosensors able to identify the molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid are defined as DNA biosensors. Our review aimed to evaluate the literature on the possible use of electrochemical biosensors for identifying hematological neoplasms such as acute promyelocytic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and chronic myeloid leukemia. In particular, we focus our attention on using DNA electrochemical biosensors to evaluate leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Petrarca
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Mario Di Gioacchino
- Institute for Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, 65100 Pescara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mirabile
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Wang G, Yang J, Hou D, Zheng R, Mamuti M, Guo M, Fan Z, An H, Wang H. Conformational Transition-Triggered Disassembly of Therapeutic Peptide Nanomedicine for Tumor Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100333. [PMID: 33870658 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cationic therapeutic peptides have received widespread attention due to their excellent antibacterial and antitumor properties. However, most of these peptides have undesirable delivery efficiency and high hemolytic toxicity due to the positively charged α-helix structure containing many lysine and arginine, which may restrict its in vivo applications. Herein, a conformationally transformed therapeutic peptide Pep-HCO3 modified with bicarbonates on guanidine groups is designed. Such a design allows Pep-HCO3 ((nap-RAGLQFPVGRLLRRLLRRLLR) nHCO3 ) to self-assemble into nanoparticles (NP-Pep) due to disrupting helix folding and the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between bicarbonates and guanidine groups. When pH is from 7.4 to 6.5 at the tumor sites, guanidine bicarbonate can be hydrolyzed to form CO2 and guanidine groups, resulting in the disassembling of the NP-Pep into monomers α-Pep with a positively charged α-helix structure. In vivo, NP-Pep not only inhibits the tumor growth of xenografted mice with a twofold enhanced inhibition rate compared with α-Pep treatment group, but also significantly reduces the hemolytic toxicity by responding to the pH of tumor microenvironment. Therefore, the strategy of conformational transition-triggered disassembly of nanoparticles allows efficient delivery of cationic therapeutic peptides and lowering the hemolytic toxicity, which may provide an avenue for developing high-performance cationic peptide in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo‐Qiao Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin 300457 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jia Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Da‐Yong Hou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Rui Zheng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Muhetaerjiang Mamuti
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Min‐Jie Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Zhi Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Hong‐Wei An
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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Joshi R, Meitei OR, Kumar H, Jadhao M, Ghosh SK. Design, Synthesis, and Proticity Inclined Conformational Modulation in a Highly Fluorescent Bichromophoric Naphthalimide Derivative: Hint Directed from RICT Perspective. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1000-11. [PMID: 26816264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b10669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study embodies design, in silico DNA interaction, synthesis of benzothiazole containing naphthalimide derivative, 2-(6-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-1H-benzo[de] isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione (CBIQD) along with its systematic photophysics, solvatochromic behavior, and solvation dynamics using an experimental and theoretical spectroscopic approach. Steady-state dual emission and biexponential fluorescence decay reveals the formation of two different excited species. Ground- and excited-state optimized geometry and the potential-energy curve obtained from DFT and TD-DFT calculation ascertained the existence of nonplanar and planar conformation. When the solvent polarity is changed from nonpolar to protic polar, the feebly emissive emission band highly intensifies probably due to the reversal of n, π*-π, π* emissive state along with consequent modulation of their energy gap that is induced by H-bonding. Excluding nonpolar solvents, in all other solvents, the Stokes shift correlates linearly with orientation polarizability, whereas in water, the story remains intriguing. With photoexcitation, intermolecular H-bonding stimulates the pyramidalization tendency of imide "N" with subsequent conformational change of GS nonplanar geometry to a coplanar one through acceptor rehybridization generating a rehybridized intramolecular charge transfer (RICT) state that caused a dramatic fluorescence upsurge. This allosteric modulation is promoted by excited-state H-bonding dynamics especially in strong H-bond donor water. A close interplay between preferential solvation and the proximity effect is evident in the emission behavior in a benzene (Bn)-ethanol (EtOH) binary mixture. Molecular docking analysis delineates considerable noncovalent sandwiched π-π stacking interactions of CBIQD with the pyrimidine rings as well as with imidazole rings of dG 6 and dG 2 base pairs of B-DNA double helix, which probably suffices the design strategy adopted. Overall, a strategic design to synthesize a highly fluorescent and potential bioactive agent is executed to revolutionize the fluorophore field due its enormous progressive importance in biochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology , Nagpur, Maharashtra 440010, India
| | - Oinam Romesh Meitei
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology , Nagpur, Maharashtra 440010, India
| | - Himank Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology , Nagpur, Maharashtra 440010, India
| | - Manojkumar Jadhao
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology , Nagpur, Maharashtra 440010, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology , Nagpur, Maharashtra 440010, India
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Banerjee S, Veale EB, Phelan CM, Murphy SA, Tocci GM, Gillespie LJ, Frimannsson DO, Kelly JM, Gunnlaugsson T. Recent advances in the development of 1,8-naphthalimide based DNA targeting binders, anticancer and fluorescent cellular imaging agents. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:1601-18. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35467e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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6
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González-Bulnes L, Gallego J. Analysis of mixed DNA-bisnaphthalimide interactions involving groove association and intercalation with surface-based and solution methodologies. Biopolymers 2012; 97:974-87. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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7
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Selenium-containing naphthalimides as anticancer agents: Design, synthesis and bioactivity. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:2558-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Ferri N, Radice T, Antonino M, Beccalli EM, Tinelli S, Zunino F, Corsini A, Pratesi G, Ragg EM, Gelmi ML, Contini A. Synthesis, structural, and biological evaluation of bis-heteroarylmaleimides and bis-heterofused imides. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:5291-9. [PMID: 21880496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bis-2,3-heteroarylmaleimides and polyheterocondensed imides joined through nitrogen atoms of the N,N'-bis(ethyl)-1,3-propanediamine linker were prepared from substituted maleic anhydrides and symmetrical diamines in good to satisfactory yields and short reaction times using microwave heating. The novel molecules were shown to inhibit proliferation of human tumor cells (NCI-H460 lung carcinoma) and rat aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with variable potencies. Compound 11a, the most potent one of the series, showed IC(50) values comparable to those observed for the leading molecule elinafide in both cell lines, but with a higher selectivity toward human tumor cells. Compound 11a affected G1/S phase transition of the cell cycle, showed in vitro DNA intercalating activity and in vivo antitumor activity. A thorough structural analysis of the 11a-DNA complex was also made by mean of NMR and computational techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Ferri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Liu X, Li Y, Lin Z. Kinetic Analysis of the Interaction between Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Cyclooxygenase-2 Using Wavelength Modulation Surface Plasmon Resonance. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201190046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Wu A, Xu Y, Qian X. Novel naphthalimide–indomethacin hybrids as potential antitumor agents: effects of linkers on hypoxic/oxic cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing activity. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-010-0337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Studying the Interaction of Pirarubicin with DNA and Determining Pirarubicin in Human Urine Samples: Combining Excitation -Emission Fluorescence Matrices with Second-order Calibration Methods. J Fluoresc 2009; 19:955-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-009-0495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Microwave-assisted synthesis of 1,8-naphthalic anhydride and fluorescent probes based on its derivatives. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-009-0160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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González-Bulnes L, Gallego J. Indirect Effects Modulating the Interaction between DNA and a Cytotoxic Bisnaphthalimide Reveal a Two-Step Binding Process. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:7781-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ja901505p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis González-Bulnes
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avda. Autopista del Saler 16, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Gallego
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avda. Autopista del Saler 16, 46012 Valencia, Spain
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14
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Adhesion between a charged particle in an electrolyte solution and a charged substrate: Electrostatic and van der Waals interactions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 327:251-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hampshire AJ, Fox KR. Preferred binding sites for the bifunctional intercalator TANDEM determined using DNA fragments that contain every symmetrical hexanucleotide sequence. Anal Biochem 2007; 374:298-303. [PMID: 17980140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Revised: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared novel DNA footprinting substrates that contain all 64 symmetrical hexanucleotide sequences. These were contained in two restriction fragments that were cloned into the pUC19 polylinker site; each fragment was also obtained in both orientations. These fragments were used to assess the sequence binding preferences of the synthetic quinoxaline antibiotic TANDEM. We found that, although the ligand binds to most TpA steps, the affinity is affected by the flanking sequences. The best binding sites contain the tetranucleotide sequence ATAT, although YATATR is a better site than RATATY. TTAA always is a poor binding site, especially TTTAAA. The binding to GTAC is strongly dependent on the flanking bases, with good binding to GGTACC but none at all to CGTACG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hampshire
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK
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Hvastkovs EG, Buttry DA. Electrochemical Detection of DNA Hybridization via Bis-Intercalation of a Naphthylimide-Functionalized Viologen Dimer. Anal Chem 2007; 79:6922-6. [PMID: 17696404 DOI: 10.1021/ac070358e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and DNA binding properties of a bis-naphthyl imide tetracationic diviologen compound NI(CH2)3V(2+)(CH2)6V(2+)(CH2)3NI (where V(2+) = 4,4'-bipyridinium and NI = naphthyl imide, NIV) are described. Binding to thiolated ssDNA and dsDNA immobilized at Au electrodes was characterized using the electrochemical response for reduction of the V(2+) state to the V+ (viologen radical cation) state. Isotherms and binding constants for this molecule to both forms of immobilized DNA were generated in this fashion. The character of the binding isotherm for dsDNA suggests bis-intercalation. Under high saline conditions, the diviologen molecule dissociated 160 times slower from dsDNA compared to ssDNA. Slow dissociation kinetics from dsDNA (kd =7.0 x 10-5 s(-1)) allow this molecule to be used as an effective DNA hybridization indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli G Hvastkovs
- Department of Chemistry (3838), University of Wyoming, 1000 East University Avenue, Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA
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Muth M, Hoerr V, Glaser M, Ponte-Sucre A, Moll H, Stich A, Holzgrabe U. Antitrypanosomal activity of quaternary naphthalimide derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1590-3. [PMID: 17239596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Revised: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and rhodesiense is fatal if left untreated. Due to the toxicity of drugs currently used and the emerging resistance against these drugs new lead compounds are urgently needed. Within the frame of a broad screening program for drugs with antitrypanosomal activity, some highly potent tertiary and quaternary mono- and bisnaphthalimides being active in the lower micromolar and nanomolar range of concentration have been identified. These compounds are easily available via a two- or three-step microwave-driven synthesis with high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Muth
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
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Dynamics of guest binding to supramolecular systems: techniques and selected examples. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3160(07)42004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Simone M, Erba E, Damia G, Vikhanskaya F, Di Francesco AM, Riccardi R, Bailly C, Cuevas C, Fernandez Sousa-Faro JM, D'Incalci M. Variolin B and its derivate deoxy-variolin B: New marine natural compounds with cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor activity. Eur J Cancer 2005; 41:2366-77. [PMID: 16181779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2005.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2005] [Accepted: 05/10/2005] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Variolin B (VAR-B) is a natural product isolated from the sponge Kirkpatrickia variolosa, found in Antarctica. VAR-B has been shown previously to possess potent pro-apoptotic activity. This study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of action of chemically synthesised VAR-B and its analogue deoxy-variolin B (dVAR-B). In different human cancer cell lines both compounds inhibited colony formation, caused cell cycle perturbations and induced apoptosis at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 2 microM. LoVo/Dx cells over-expressing Pgp were equally sensitive as the parental cell line to VAR-B and dVAR-B, indicating that variolins are not substrates of Pgp. Although variolins induced an increase in the levels of p53 with an increase in p21, their cytotoxicities did not appear to be dependent on p53 status as their potency was comparable in cells with wild-type p53, or in sub-lines with inactivated p53. Both VAR-B and dVAR-B prevent the cells from entering S phase, blocking cells in G1 and cause an accumulation of cells in G2. The apoptosis induced by VAR-B and dVAR-B occurs very rapidly in some cell lines (e.g., Jurkat leukaemia cells) and is already evident 4h after the beginning of treatment. Although intercalation of dVAR-B in DNA has been demonstrated, neither VAR-B nor dVAR-B produce detectable breaks in DNA. These results are consistent with the in vitro biochemical assays that also demonstrated that dVAR-B is not topoisomerase I or II poison. Instead, each of these variolins appears to inhibit cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in the muM range. CDK1-cyclin B, CDK2-cyclin A and CDK2/cylin E complexes were inhibited in a range of concentrations lower than those required to inhibit the activity of CDK4/cyclin D or CDK7/cyclin H complexes. In conclusion, these variolins are a new class of CDK inhibitors that activate apoptosis in a p53-independent fashion and thus they may be effective against tumours with p53 mutations or deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Simone
- Department of Oncology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Via Eritrea 62, Milan, and Division of Pediatric Oncology, Catholic University A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
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Hou MH, Wang AHJ. Mithramycin forms a stable dimeric complex by chelating with Fe(II): DNA-interacting characteristics, cellular permeation and cytotoxicity. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33:1352-61. [PMID: 15741187 PMCID: PMC552963 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gki276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mith (mithramycin) forms a 2:1 stoichiometry drug–metal complex through the chelation with Fe(II) ion as studied using circular dichroism spectroscopy. The binding affinity between Mith and Fe(II) is much greater than other divalent metal ions, including Mg(II), Zn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Mn(II). The [(Mith)2–Fe(II)] complex binds to DNA and induces a conformational change of DNA. Kinetic analysis of surface plasmon resonance studies revealed that the [(Mith)2–Fe(II)] complex binds to DNA duplex with higher affinity compared with the [(Mith)2–Mg(II)] complex. A molecular model of the Mith-DNA–Metal(II) complex is presented. DNA-break assay showed that the [(Mith)2–Fe(II)] complex was capable of promoting the one-strand cleavage of plasmid DNA in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Intracellular Fe(II) assays and fluorescence microscopy studies using K562 indicated that this dimer complex maintains its structural integrity and permeates into the inside of K562 cells, respectively. The [(Mith)2–Fe(II)] complex exhibited higher cytotoxicity than the drug alone in some cancer cell lines, probably related to its higher DNA-binding and cleavage activity. Evidences obtained in this study suggest that the biological effects caused by the [(Mith)2–Fe(II)] complex may be further explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hon Hou
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia SinicaTaipei, 115 Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, 106 Taiwan
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien UniversityTaipei, 104 Taiwan
| | - Andrew H.-J. Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia SinicaTaipei, 115 Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, 106 Taiwan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +886 2 27881981; Fax: +886 2 27882043;
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Abstract
In the year 2003 there was a 17% increase in the number of publications citing work performed using optical biosensor technology compared with the previous year. We collated the 962 total papers for 2003, identified the geographical regions where the work was performed, highlighted the instrument types on which it was carried out, and segregated the papers by biological system. In this overview, we spotlight 13 papers that should be on everyone's 'must read' list for 2003 and provide examples of how to identify and interpret high-quality biosensor data. Although we still find that the literature is replete with poorly performed experiments, over-interpreted results and a general lack of understanding of data analysis, we are optimistic that these shortcomings will be addressed as biosensor technology continues to mature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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Li F, Cui J, Qian X, Zhang R, Xiao Y. Highly chemoselective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to the corresponding hydroxylamines catalysed by plant cells from a grape (Vitis vinifera L.). Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:1901-3. [PMID: 15795781 DOI: 10.1039/b418675c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cells from a grape (Vitis vinifera L.) reduce aromatic nitro compounds under mild conditions to the corresponding hydroxylamines with unprecedented chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China.
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Huber W. A new strategy for improved secondary screening and lead optimization using high-resolution SPR characterization of compound-target interactions. J Mol Recognit 2005; 18:273-81. [PMID: 15997470 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Biophysical label-free assays such as those based on SPR are essential tools in generating high-quality data on affinity, kinetic, mechanistic and thermodynamic aspects of interactions between target proteins and potential drug candidates. Here we show examples of the integration of SPR with bioinformatic approaches and mutation studies in the early drug discovery process. We call this combination 'structure-based biophysical analysis'. Binding sites are identified on target proteins using information that is either extracted from three-dimensional structural analysis (X-ray crystallography or NMR), or derived from a pharmacore model based on known binders. The binding site information is used for in silico screening of a large substance library (e.g. available chemical directory), providing virtual hits. The three-dimensional structure is also used for the design of mutants where the binding site has been impaired. The wild-type target and the impaired mutant are then immobilized on different spots of the sensor chip and the interactions of compounds with the wild-type and mutant are compared in order to identify selective binders for the binding site of the target protein. This method can be used as a cost-effective alternative to high-throughput screening methods in cases when detailed binding site information is available. Here, we present three examples of how this technique can be applied to provide invaluable data during different phases of the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Huber
- F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd, Pharmaceutical Research, Discovery Chemistry, Basel, Switzerland.
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