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Shaban S, Patel M, Ahmad A. Antifungal activity of human antimicrobial peptides targeting apoptosis in Candida auris. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38743468 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Innovative antifungal therapies are of crucial importance to combat the potentially life-threatening infections linked to the multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen Candida auris. Induction of regulated cell death, apoptosis, could provide an outline for future therapeutics. Human antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), well-known antifungal compounds, have shown the ability to induce apoptosis in pathogenic fungi.Hypothesis/Gap Statement . Although it is known that AMPs possess antifungal activity against C. auris, their ability to induce apoptosis requires further investigations.Aim. This study evaluated the effects of AMPs on the induction of apoptosis in C. auris.Methods. Human neutrophil peptide-1 (HNP-1), human β-Defensins-3 (hBD-3) and human salivary histatin 5 (His 5) were assessed against two clinical C. auris isolates. Apoptosis hallmarks were examined using FITC-Annexin V/PI double labelling assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick-end labelling (TUNEL) to detect phosphatidylserine externalization and DNA fragmentation, respectively. Then, several intracellular triggers were studied using JC-10 staining, spectrophotometric assay and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate staining to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome-c release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, respectively.Results and conclusion. FITC-Annexin V/PI staining and TUNEL analysis revealed that exposure of C. auris cells to HNP-1 and hBD-3 triggered both early and late apoptosis, while His 5 caused significant necrosis. Furthermore, HNP-1 and hBD-3 induced significant mitochondrial membrane depolarization, which resulted in substantial cytochrome c release. In contrast to His 5, which showed minimal mitochondrial depolarization and no cytochrome c release. At last, all peptides significantly increased ROS production, which is related to both types of cell death. Therefore, these peptides represent promising and effective antifungal agents for treating invasive infections caused by multidrug-resistant C. auris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham Shaban
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Mrudula Patel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
- Division of Infection Control, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Aijaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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2
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Chen N, Jiang C. Antimicrobial peptides: Structure, mechanism, and modification. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 255:115377. [PMID: 37099837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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3
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Li X, Zuo S, Wang B, Zhang K, Wang Y. Antimicrobial Mechanisms and Clinical Application Prospects of Antimicrobial Peptides. Molecules 2022; 27:2675. [PMID: 35566025 PMCID: PMC9104849 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are a type of small-molecule peptide that widely exist in nature and are components of the innate immunity of almost all living things. They play an important role in resisting foreign invading microorganisms. Antimicrobial peptides have a wide range of antibacterial activities against bacteria, fungi, viruses and other microorganisms. They are active against traditional antibiotic-resistant strains and do not easily induce the development of drug resistance. Therefore, they have become a hot spot of medical research and are expected to become a new substitute for fighting microbial infection and represent a new method for treating drug-resistant bacteria. This review briefly introduces the source and structural characteristics of antimicrobial peptides and describes those that have been used against common clinical microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and especially coronaviruses), focusing on their antimicrobial mechanism of action and clinical application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (X.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Siyao Zuo
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (X.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Kaiyu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (X.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (X.L.); (B.W.)
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Effect of L- to D-Amino Acid Substitution on Stability and Activity of Antitumor Peptide RDP215 against Human Melanoma and Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168469. [PMID: 34445175 PMCID: PMC8395111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigates the antitumor effect of two cationic peptides, R-DIM-P-LF11-215 (RDP215) and the D-amino acid variant 9D-R-DIM-P-LF11-215 (9D-RDP215), targeting the negatively charged lipid phosphatidylserine (PS) exposed by cancer cells, such as of melanoma and glioblastoma. Model studies mimicking cancer and non-cancer membranes revealed the specificity for the cancer-mimic PS by both peptides with a slightly stronger impact by the D-peptide. Accordingly, membrane effects studied by DSC, leakage and quenching experiments were solely induced by the peptides when the cancer mimic PS was present. Circular dichroism revealed a sole increase in β-sheet conformation in the presence of the cancer mimic for both peptides; only 9D-RDP215 showed increased structure already in the buffer. Ex vitro stability studies by SDS-PAGE as well as in vitro with melanoma A375 revealed a stabilizing effect of D-amino acids in the presence of serum, which was also confirmed in 2D and 3D in vitro experiments on glioblastoma LN-229. 9D-RDP215 was additionally able to pass a BBB model, whereupon it induced significant levels of cell death in LN-229 spheroids. Summarized, the study encourages the introduction of D-amino acids in the design of antitumor peptides for the improvement of their stable antitumor activity.
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Correlation between hemolytic activity, cytotoxicity and systemic in vivo toxicity of synthetic antimicrobial peptides. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13206. [PMID: 32764602 PMCID: PMC7414031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of non-standard toxicity models is a hurdle in the early development of antimicrobial peptides towards clinical applications. Herein we report an extensive in vitro and in vivo toxicity study of a library of 24 peptide-based antimicrobials with narrow spectrum activity towards veterinary pathogens. The haemolytic activity of the compounds was evaluated against four different species and the relative sensitivity against the compounds was highest for canine erythrocytes, intermediate for rat and human cells and lowest for bovine cells. Selected peptides were additionally evaluated against HeLa, HaCaT and HepG2 cells which showed increased stability towards the peptides. Therapeutic indexes of 50–500 suggest significant cellular selectivity in comparison to bacterial cells. Three peptides were administered to rats in intravenous acute dose toxicity studies up to 2–8 × MIC. None of the injected compounds induced any systemic toxic effects in vivo at the concentrations employed illustrating that the correlation between the different assays is not obvious. This work sheds light on the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of this class of promising compounds and provides insights into the relationship between the different toxicity models often employed in different manners to evaluate the toxicity of novel bioactive compounds in general.
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6
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Pandidan S, Mechler A. Membrane morphology effects in quartz crystal microbalance characterization of antimicrobial peptide activity. Biophys Chem 2020; 262:106381. [PMID: 32361097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of action of membrane disrupting antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and the basis of their specificity and selectivity to pathogens are often studied by using biomimetic model membranes. It is often assumed that all model membrane morphologies, e.g. liposomes, supported bilayers, tethered bilayers etc. are equivalent. In this work the validity of this assumption was assessed. Melittin was used as the reference AMP as it can disrupt both bacterial and mammalian-mimetic membranes. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) viscoelastic fingerprints show characteristic differences between the three model morphologies: single bilayer membranes, multilamellar membrane stacks and unilamellar liposomes. In the second and third case, initial trends show material removal instead of material addition as in the single bilayer case, consistent with dissolution of some bilayers, and bursting liposomes, respectively. The latter is accompanied by a characteristic drop in the dissipation signal as the liposomes collapse. The results also highlight an important limitation of the QCM method, the need for a well established reference system for qualitative analysis of the viscoelastic fingerprints, and thus the importance of using the right model system, i.e. single bilayer membrane, for studies of the mechanism of action of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pandidan
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adam Mechler
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Der Torossian Torres M, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Reprogramming biological peptides to combat infectious diseases. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:15020-15032. [PMID: 31782426 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07898c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid spread of resistance among parasites and bacterial pathogens, antibiotic-resistant infections have drawn much attention worldwide. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop new strategies to treat neglected diseases and drug-resistant infections. Here, we outline several new strategies that have been developed to counter pathogenic microorganisms by designing and constructing antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In addition to traditional discovery and design mechanisms guided by chemical biology, synthetic biology and computationally-based approaches offer useful tools for the discovery and generation of bioactive peptides. We believe that the convergence of such fields, coupled with systematic experimentation in animal models, will help translate biological peptides into the clinic. The future of anti-infective therapeutics is headed towards specifically designed molecules whose form is driven by computer-based frameworks. These molecules are selective, stable, and active at therapeutic doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Der Torossian Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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8
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Lee TH, Hirst DJ, Kulkarni K, Del Borgo MP, Aguilar MI. Exploring Molecular-Biomembrane Interactions with Surface Plasmon Resonance and Dual Polarization Interferometry Technology: Expanding the Spotlight onto Biomembrane Structure. Chem Rev 2018; 118:5392-5487. [PMID: 29793341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular analysis of biomolecular-membrane interactions is central to understanding most cellular systems but has emerged as a complex technical challenge given the complexities of membrane structure and composition across all living cells. We present a review of the application of surface plasmon resonance and dual polarization interferometry-based biosensors to the study of biomembrane-based systems using both planar mono- or bilayers or liposomes. We first describe the optical principals and instrumentation of surface plasmon resonance, including both linear and extraordinary transmission modes and dual polarization interferometry. We then describe the wide range of model membrane systems that have been developed for deposition on the chips surfaces that include planar, polymer cushioned, tethered bilayers, and liposomes. This is followed by a description of the different chemical immobilization or physisorption techniques. The application of this broad range of engineered membrane surfaces to biomolecular-membrane interactions is then overviewed and how the information obtained using these techniques enhance our molecular understanding of membrane-mediated peptide and protein function. We first discuss experiments where SPR alone has been used to characterize membrane binding and describe how these studies yielded novel insight into the molecular events associated with membrane interactions and how they provided a significant impetus to more recent studies that focus on coincident membrane structure changes during binding of peptides and proteins. We then discuss the emerging limitations of not monitoring the effects on membrane structure and how SPR data can be combined with DPI to provide significant new information on how a membrane responds to the binding of peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzong-Hsien Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
| | - Daniel J Hirst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
| | - Ketav Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
| | - Mark P Del Borgo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
| | - Marie-Isabel Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
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Abstract
Discovering new therapeutics for human viral diseases is important for combatting emerging infectious viruses and omnipresent circulating viruses as well as those that can become resistant to the drugs we currently have available. The innate host defense peptide (HDP) repertoire present in animals is a wealth of potential antimicrobial agents that could be mined to meet these needs. While much of the body of research regarding HDPs is in the context of bacteria, there is increasing evidence that they can be an effective source for antivirals. Peptides can be identified in a number of ways, including eco-conservation-minded approaches. Those shown to have antiviral properties can be modified to exhibit desired properties as the relationship between structure and function is elucidated and then developed into therapeutics for human use. This review looks at the discovery and therapeutic potential of HDPs for human viral infections.
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10
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Hazam PK, Jerath G, Kumar A, Chaudhary N, Ramakrishnan V. Effect of tacticity-derived topological constraints in bactericidal peptides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1388-1395. [PMID: 28479275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Topology is a key element in structure-activity relationship estimation while designing physiologically-active molecular constructs. Peptides may be a preferred choice for therapeutics, principally due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity and predictable metabolism. Peptide design only guarantees functional group constitution by opting specific amino acid sequence, and not their spatial orientation to bind and incite physiological response on chosen targets. This is principally because peptide conformation is subject to external flux, due to the isotactic stereochemistry of the peptide chain. Stereochemical engineering of the peptide main chain offers the possibility of multiplying the structural space of a typical sequence to many orders of magnitude, and limiting the otherwise fluxional non-specific functional group dispensation in space by offering greater conformational rigidity. We put to test, this conceptual possibility already established in theoretical models, by designing amphipathic peptide systems and experimenting with them on Gram-positive, Gram-negative and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The unusual conformational rigidity and stability of syndiotactic peptides enable them to retain the designed electrostatic environment, while they encounter the membrane surface. All the six designed systems exhibited bactericidal activity, pointing to the utility and specificity of stereo-engineered peptide systems for therapeutic applications. Overall, we hope that this work provides important insights and useful directives in designing novel peptide systems with antimicrobial activity, by expanding the design space, incorporating D-amino acid as an additional design variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Kishore Hazam
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - Gaurav Jerath
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Biological and Organic Chemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Nitin Chaudhary
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - Vibin Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India.
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11
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Ridgway Z, Picciano AL, Gosavi PM, Moroz YS, Angevine CE, Chavis AE, Reiner JE, Korendovych IV, Caputo GA. Functional characterization of a melittin analog containing a non-natural tryptophan analog. Biopolymers 2016; 104:384-394. [PMID: 25670241 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) is a naturally occurring amino acid, which exhibits fluorescence emission properties that are dependent on the polarity of the local environment around the Trp side chain. However, this sensitivity also complicates interpretation of fluorescence emission data. A non-natural analogue of tryptophan, β-(1-azulenyl)-L-alanine, exhibits fluorescence insensitive to local solvent polarity and does not impact the structure or characteristics of several peptides examined. In this study, we investigated the effect of replacing Trp with β-(1-azulenyl)-L-alanine in the well-known bee-venom peptide melittin. This peptide provides a model framework for investigating the impact of replacing Trp with β-(1-azulenyl)-L-alanine in a functional peptide system that undergoes significant shifts in Trp fluorescence emission upon binding to lipid bilayers. Microbiological methods including assessment of the antimicrobial activity by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays and bacterial membrane permeability assays indicated little difference between the Trp and the β-(1-azulenyl)-L-alanine-substituted versions of melittin. Circular dichroism spectroscopy showed both that peptides adopted the expected α-helical structures when bound to phospholipid bilayers and electrophysiological analysis indicated that both created membrane disruptions leading to significant conductance increases across model membranes. Both peptides exhibited a marked protection of the respective fluorophores when bound to bilayers indicating a similar membrane-bound topology. As expected, while fluorescence quenching and CD indicate the peptides are stably bound to lipid vesicles, the peptide containing β-(1-azulenyl)-L-alanine exhibited no fluorescence emission shift upon binding while the natural Trp exhibited >10 nm shift in emission spectrum barycenter. Taken together, the β-(1-azulenyl)-L-alanine can serve as a solvent insensitive alternative to Trp that does not have significant impacts on structure or function of membrane interacting peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Ridgway
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro NJ 08028
| | - Angela L Picciano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro NJ 08028
| | | | - Yurii S Moroz
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY 13244.,Present affiliation: ChemBioCenter, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, 61 Chervonotkatska Street, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | | | - Amy E Chavis
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA 23284
| | - Joseph E Reiner
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA 23284
| | | | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro NJ 08028.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro NJ, 08028
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Roles of d-Amino Acids on the Bioactivity of Host Defense Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071023. [PMID: 27376281 PMCID: PMC4964399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are positively-charged and amphipathic components of the innate immune system that have demonstrated great potential to become the next generation of broad spectrum therapeutic agents effective against a vast array of pathogens and tumor. As such, many approaches have been taken to improve the therapeutic efficacy of HDPs. Amongst these methods, the incorporation of d-amino acids (d-AA) is an approach that has demonstrated consistent success in improving HDPs. Although, virtually all HDP review articles briefly mentioned about the role of d-AA, however it is rather surprising that no systematic review specifically dedicated to this topic exists. Given the impact that d-AA incorporation has on HDPs, this review aims to fill that void with a systematic discussion of the impact of d-AA on HDPs.
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Abstract
We show that antimicrobial peptides target multiple steps of the biofilm life cycle by several mechanisms of activity. We also show a correlation between the peptides’ activity and their biophysical properties.
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Usachev KS, Efimov SV, Kolosova OA, Klochkova EA, Aganov AV, Klochkov VV. Antimicrobial peptide protegrin-3 adopt an antiparallel dimer in the presence of DPC micelles: a high-resolution NMR study. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2015; 62:71-79. [PMID: 25786621 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-015-9920-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A tendency to dimerize in the presence of lipids was found for the protegrin. The dimer formation by the protegrin-1 (PG-1) is the first step for further oligomeric membrane pore formation. Generally there are two distinct model of PG-1 dimerization in either a parallel or antiparallel β-sheet. But despite the wealth of data available today, protegrin dimer structure and pore formation is still not completely understood. In order to investigate a more detailed dimerization process of PG-1 and if it will be the same for another type of protegrins, in this work we used a high-resolution NMR spectroscopy for structure determination of protegrin-3 (RGGGL-CYCRR-RFCVC-VGR) in the presence of perdeuterated DPC micelles and demonstrate that PG-3 forms an antiparallel NCCN dimer with a possible association of these dimers. This structural study complements previously published solution, solid state and computational studies of PG-1 in various environments and validate the potential of mean force simulations of PG-1 dimers and association of dimers to form octameric or decameric β-barrels.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Usachev
- NMR Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation,
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15
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Liu R, Chen X, Falk SP, Masters KS, Weisblum B, Gellman SH. Nylon-3 polymers active against drug-resistant Candida albicans biofilms. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2183-6. [PMID: 25650957 PMCID: PMC4682891 DOI: 10.1021/ja512567y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen in humans, and most diseases produced by C. albicans are associated with biofilms. We previously developed nylon-3 polymers with potent activity against planktonic C. albicans and excellent C. albicans versus mammalian cell selectivity. Here we show that these nylon-3 polymers have strong and selective activity against drug-resistant C. albicans in biofilms, as manifested by inhibition of biofilm formation and by killing of C. albicans in mature biofilms. The best nylon-3 polymer (poly-βNM) is superior to the antifungal drug fluconazole for all three strains examined. This polymer is slightly less effective than amphotericin B (AmpB) for two strains, but the polymer is superior against an AmpB-resistant strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53706
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53706
| | - Shaun P. Falk
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53706
| | - Kristyn S. Masters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53706
| | - Bernard Weisblum
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53706
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53706
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16
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LeBeau AM, Denmeade SR. Protease-activated pore-forming peptides for the treatment and imaging of prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 14:659-68. [PMID: 25537662 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A common hallmark of cancers with highly aggressive phenotypes is increased proteolysis in the tumor and the surrounding microenvironment. Prostate cancer has a number of proteases uniquely associated with it that may play various important roles in disease progression. In this report, we utilize the peritumoral proteolytic activity of prostate cancer to activate engineered peptide constructs for the treatment and noninvasive imaging of prostate cancer. Using a modular "propeptide" approach, a cationic diastereomeric pore-forming peptide domain was linked to an inactivating acidic peptide domain. The inactivating acidic peptide domain was engineered to be a cleavable substrate for the secreted serine protease prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or the transmembrane metalloprotease prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). The propeptides were then evaluated in a direct comparison study. Both the PSA and PSMA activated propeptides were found to be cytotoxic to prostate cancer cells in vitro. In vivo, however, treatment of LNCaP and CWR22Rv1 xenografts with the PSMA propeptide resulted in a pronounced cytostatic effect when compared with xenografts treated with the PSA propeptide or the cationic diastereomeric peptide alone. The PSMA activated propeptide also proved to be an effective optical imaging probe in vivo when labeled with a near-infrared fluorophore. These data suggest that protease-activated pore-forming peptides could potentially be used for both imaging and treating prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M LeBeau
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Samuel R Denmeade
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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17
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Kang SJ, Park SJ, Mishig-Ochir T, Lee BJ. Antimicrobial peptides: therapeutic potentials. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 12:1477-86. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2014.976613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Liu R, Chen X, Chakraborty S, Lemke JJ, Hayouka Z, Chow C, Welch R, Weisblum B, Masters KS, Gellman SH. Tuning the biological activity profile of antibacterial polymers via subunit substitution pattern. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:4410-8. [PMID: 24601599 PMCID: PMC3985875 DOI: 10.1021/ja500367u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Binary nylon-3 copolymers containing cationic and hydrophobic subunits can mimic the biological properties of host-defense peptides, but relationships between composition and activity are not yet well understood for these materials. Hydrophobic subunits in previously studied examples have been limited mostly to cycloalkane-derived structures, with cyclohexyl proving to be particularly promising. The present study evaluates alternative hydrophobic subunits that are isomeric or nearly isomeric with the cyclohexyl example; each has four sp(3) carbons in the side chains. The results show that varying the substitution pattern of the hydrophobic subunit leads to relatively small changes in antibacterial activity but causes significant changes in hemolytic activity. We hypothesize that these differences in biological activity profile arise, at least in part, from variations among the conformational propensities of the hydrophobic subunits. The α,α,β,β-tetramethyl unit is optimal among the subunits we have examined, providing copolymers with potent antibacterial activity and excellent prokaryote vs eukaryote selectivity. Bacteria do not readily develop resistance to the new antibacterial nylon-3 copolymers. These findings suggest that variation in subunit conformational properties could be generally valuable in the development of synthetic polymers for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Medical Microbiology
and Immunology, and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Medical Microbiology
and Immunology, and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Saswata Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Medical Microbiology
and Immunology, and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Justin J. Lemke
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Medical Microbiology
and Immunology, and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zvi Hayouka
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Medical Microbiology
and Immunology, and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Clara Chow
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Medical Microbiology
and Immunology, and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Rodney
A. Welch
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Medical Microbiology
and Immunology, and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Bernard Weisblum
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Medical Microbiology
and Immunology, and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kristyn S. Masters
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Medical Microbiology
and Immunology, and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Medical Microbiology
and Immunology, and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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19
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Liu R, Chen X, Falk SP, Mowery BP, Karlsson AJ, Weisblum B, Palecek SP, Masters KS, Gellman SH. Structure-activity relationships among antifungal nylon-3 polymers: identification of materials active against drug-resistant strains of Candida albicans. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:4333-42. [PMID: 24606327 PMCID: PMC3985965 DOI: 10.1021/ja500036r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections are a major challenge to human health that is heightened by pathogen resistance to current therapeutic agents. Previously, we were inspired by host-defense peptides to develop nylon-3 polymers (poly-β-peptides) that are toxic toward the fungal pathogen Candida albicans but exert little effect on mammalian cells. Based on subsequent analysis of structure-activity relationships among antifungal nylon-3 polymers, we have now identified readily prepared cationic homopolymers active against strains of C. albicans that are resistant to the antifungal drugs fluconazole and amphotericin B. These nylon-3 polymers are nonhemolytic. In addition, we have identified cationic-hydrophobic copolymers that are highly active against a second fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans, and moderately active against a third pathogen, Aspergillus fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhui Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, and Department of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, and Department of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Shaun P. Falk
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, and Department of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Brendan P. Mowery
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, and Department of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Amy J. Karlsson
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, and Department of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Bernard Weisblum
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, and Department of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sean P. Palecek
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, and Department of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kristyn S. Masters
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, and Department of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, and Department of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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20
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Chakraborty S, Liu R, Lemke JJ, Hayouka Z, Welch RA, Weisblum B, Masters KS, Gellman SH. Effects of Cyclic vs. Acyclic Hydrophobic Subunits on the Chemical Structure and Biological Properties of Nylon-3 Co-Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2. [PMID: 24349873 DOI: 10.1021/mz400239r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nylon-3 co-polymers containing both hydrophobic and cationic subunits can mimic the activity profile of host-defense peptides, if subunit identity and proportion are carefully selected. These sequence- and stereo-random co-polymers inhibit bacterial growth at relatively low concentrations, apparently via disruption of bacterial membranes, but they are relatively non-disruptive toward eukaryotic cell membranes (low hemolytic activity). In all previous examples, the hydrophobic subunits have contained cycloalkyl groups that incorporate the backbone Cα-Cβ bond. Here we have explored the effects of using analogous acyclic hydrophobic subunits. The results indicate that the replacing cyclic with acyclic hydrophobic subunits has a modest influence on biological properties. This influence appears to arise from differences in subunit flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswata Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, §Department of Medicine, and ∥Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Runhui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, §Department of Medicine, and ∥Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Justin J. Lemke
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, §Department of Medicine, and ∥Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zvi Hayouka
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, §Department of Medicine, and ∥Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Rodney A. Welch
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, §Department of Medicine, and ∥Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Bernard Weisblum
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, §Department of Medicine, and ∥Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kristyn S. Masters
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, §Department of Medicine, and ∥Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, §Department of Medicine, and ∥Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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21
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Liu R, Chen X, Hayouka Z, Chakraborty S, Falk SP, Weisblum B, Masters KS, Gellman SH. Nylon-3 polymers with selective antifungal activity. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:5270-3. [PMID: 23547967 PMCID: PMC3684071 DOI: 10.1021/ja4006404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Host-defense peptides inhibit bacterial growth but show little toxicity toward mammalian cells. A variety of synthetic polymers have been reported to mimic this antibacterial selectivity; however, achieving comparable selectivity for fungi is more difficult because these pathogens are eukaryotes. Here we report nylon-3 polymers based on a novel subunit that display potent antifungal activity (MIC = 3.1 μg/mL for Candida albicans ) and favorable selectivity (IC10 > 400 μg/mL for 3T3 fibroblast toxicity; HC10 > 400 μg/mL for hemolysis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Zvika Hayouka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | | | - Shaun P. Falk
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Bernard Weisblum
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Kristyn S. Masters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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22
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Laurencin M, Amor M, Fleury Y, Baudy-Floc’h M. De Novo Cyclic Pseudopeptides Containing Aza-β3-amino Acids Exhibiting Antimicrobial Activities. J Med Chem 2012; 55:10885-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3009037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Laurencin
- Université de Rennes 1, ICMV, UMR CNRS 6226, 263 Av. du Général
Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Mosbah Amor
- Université de Rennes 1, ICMV, UMR CNRS 6226, 263 Av. du Général
Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Yannick Fleury
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire Universitaire de
Biodiversité et d’Ecologie Microbienne, EA 3882, F-29000
Quimper, France
| | - Michèle Baudy-Floc’h
- Université de Rennes 1, ICMV, UMR CNRS 6226, 263 Av. du Général
Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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23
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24
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Hicks RP, Russell AL. Application of unnatural amino acids to the de novo design of selective antibiotic peptides. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 794:135-167. [PMID: 21956561 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-331-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Because of their unique mechanism of cytotoxicity against bacteria and other microorganisms, antimicrobial peptides have received a great deal of attention as possible therapeutic agents. Incorporation of unnatural amino acids into the peptide sequences has the potential to improve the organism selectivity and potency of these peptides as well as increase their metabolic stability. This protocol outlines the logic used to selectively incorporate unnatural amino acid into a peptide sequence in an attempt to obtain peptides with increased therapeutic potential as antibiotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickey P Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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25
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Shprung T, Peleg A, Rosenfeld Y, Trieu-Cuot P, Shai Y. Effect of PhoP-PhoQ activation by broad repertoire of antimicrobial peptides on bacterial resistance. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:4544-51. [PMID: 22158870 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.278523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria can resist their microenvironment by changing the expression of virulence genes. In Salmonella typhimurium, some of these genes are controlled by the two-component system PhoP-PhoQ. Studies have shown that activation of the system by cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) results, among other changes, in outer membrane remodeling. However, it is not fully clear what characteristics of AMPs are required to activate the PhoP-PhoQ system and whether activation can induce resistance to the various AMPs. For that purpose, we investigated the ability of a broad repertoire of AMPs to traverse the inner membrane, to activate the PhoP-PhoQ system, and to induce bacterial resistance. The AMPs differ in length, composition, and net positive charge, and the tested bacteria include two wild-type (WT) Salmonella strains and their corresponding PhoP-PhoQ knock-out mutants. A lacZ-reporting system was adapted to follow PhoP-PhoQ activation. The data revealed that: (i) a good correlation exists among the extent of the positive charge, hydrophobicity, and amphipathicity of an AMP and its potency to activate PhoP-PhoQ; (ii) a +1 charged peptide containing histidines was highly potent, suggesting the existence of an additional mechanism independent of the peptide charge; (iii) the WT bacteria are more resistant to AMPs that are potent activators of PhoP-PhoQ; (iv) only a subset of AMPs, independent of their potency to activate the system, is more toxic to the mutated bacteria compared with the WT strains; and (v) short term exposure of WT bacteria to these AMPs does not enhance resistance. Overall, this study advances our understanding of the molecular mechanism by which AMPs activate PhoP-PhoQ and induce bacterial resistance. It also reveals that some AMPs can overcome such a resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Shprung
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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26
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Steinstraesser L, Hauk J, Al-Benna S, Langer S, Ring A, Kesting M, Sudhoff H, Becerikli M, Käfferlein H, Jacobsen F. Genotoxic and cytotoxic activity of host defense peptides against human soft tissue sarcoma in anin vitromodel. Drug Chem Toxicol 2011; 35:96-103. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2011.589441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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27
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Yeung ATY, Gellatly SL, Hancock REW. Multifunctional cationic host defence peptides and their clinical applications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:2161-76. [PMID: 21573784 PMCID: PMC11114888 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid rise in the emergence of bacterial strains resistant to multiple classes of antimicrobial agents, there is an urgent need to develop novel antimicrobial therapies to combat these pathogens. Cationic host defence peptides (HDPs) and synthetic derivatives termed innate defence regulators (IDRs) represent a promising alternative approach in the treatment of microbial-related diseases. Cationic HDPs (also termed antimicrobial peptides) have emerged from their origins as nature's antibiotics and are widely distributed in organisms from insects to plants to mammals and non-mammalian vertebrates. Although their original and primary function was proposed to be direct antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, parasites and/or viruses, cationic HDPs are becoming increasingly recognized as multifunctional mediators, with both antimicrobial activity and diverse immunomodulatory properties. Here we provide an overview of the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities of cationic HDPs, and discuss their potential application as beneficial therapeutics in overcoming infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy T. Y. Yeung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Room 232, 2259 Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Shaan L. Gellatly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Room 232, 2259 Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Robert E. W. Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Room 232, 2259 Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
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28
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Anselmi M, Eliseo T, Zanetti-Polzi L, Fullone MR, Fogliano V, Di Nola A, Paci M, Grgurina I. Structure of the lipodepsipeptide syringomycin E in phospholipids and sodium dodecylsulphate micelle studied by circular dichroism, NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:2102-10. [PMID: 21658366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Syringomycin E (SRE) is a member of a family of lipodepsipeptides that characterize the secondary metabolism of the plant-associated bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. It displays phytotoxic, antifungal and haemolytic activities, due to the membrane interaction and ion channel formation. To gain an insight into the conformation of SRE in the membrane environment, we studied the conformation of SRE bound to SDS micelle, a suitable model for the membrane-bound SRE. In fact, highly similar circular dichroism (CD) spectra were obtained for SRE bound to sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) and to a phospholipid bilayer, indicating the conformational equivalence of SRE in these two media, at difference with the CD spectrum of SRE in water solution. The structure of SDS-bound SRE was determined by NMR spectroscopy combined with molecular dynamics calculations in octane environment. The results of this study highlight the influence of the interaction with lipids in determining the three-dimensional structure of SRE and provide the basis for further investigations on structural determinants of syringomycin E-membrane interaction.
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29
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Hsu JC, Lin LC, Tzen JTC, Chen JY. Characteristics of the antitumor activities in tumor cells and modulation of the inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells of a novel antimicrobial peptide, chrysophsin-1, from the red sea bream (Chrysophrys major). Peptides 2011; 32:900-10. [PMID: 21349308 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial peptide, chrysophsin-1, exhibits antimicrobial activities with similar efficiencies for both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. In this study, we examined the antitumor activity and modulation of the inflammatory response of a synthetic chrysophsin-1 peptide. In vitro results showed that chrysophsin-1 had greater inhibitory effects against human fibrosarcoma (HT-1080), histiocytic lymphoma (U937), and epithelial carcinoma (HeLa) cells. LDH release by HeLa cells was comparable to that of an MTS assay after treatment with 1.5-3 μg/ml chrysophsin-1 for 24h. Under SEM and TEM observations, we found no intact cell membranes after chrysophsin-1 treatment of HeLa cells for 8h. The suggested mechanism of the cytotoxic activity of chrysophsin-1 was disruption of cancer cell membranes. In addition, we also examined caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities by Western blotting; the results excluded the participation of apoptosis in chrysophsin-1's effect on HeLa cells. Stimulation by lipopolysaccharide induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α which was able to modulate chrysophsin-1 treatment of RAW264.7 cells and inhibited endogenous TNF-α release but did not block its secretion. With data from this study, we demonstrate that chrysophsin-1 has antimicrobial and antitumor activities and modulates the inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chieh Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Rd, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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30
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31
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Eid M, Rippa S, Castano S, Desbat B, Chopineau J, Rossi C, Béven L. Exploring the membrane mechanism of the bioactive peptaibol ampullosporin a using lipid monolayers and supported biomimetic membranes. JOURNAL OF BIOPHYSICS (HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION : ONLINE) 2011; 2010:179641. [PMID: 21403824 PMCID: PMC3042626 DOI: 10.1155/2010/179641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ampullosporin A is an antimicrobial, neuroleptic peptaibol, the behavior of which was investigated in different membrane mimetic environments made of egg yolk L-α-phosphatidylcholine. In monolayers, the peptaibol adopted a mixed α/3(10)-helical structure with an in-plane orientation. The binding step was followed by the peptide insertion into the lipid monolayer core. The relevance of the inner lipid leaflet nature was studied by comparing ampullosporin binding on a hybrid bilayer, in which this leaflet was a rigid alkane layer, and on supported fluid lipid bilayers. The membrane binding was examined by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and the effect on lipid dynamics was explored using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. In the absence of voltage and at low concentration, ampullosporin A substantially adsorbed onto lipid surfaces and its interaction with biomimetic models was strongly modified depending on the inner leaflet structure. At high concentration, ampullosporin A addition led to the lipid bilayers disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerita Eid
- UMR 6022 CNRS Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, BP 20529, 60205 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Sonia Rippa
- UMR 6022 CNRS Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, BP 20529, 60205 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Sabine Castano
- CBMN, Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets CNRS, UMR 5248, Université de Bordeaux I, ENITAB, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Bernard Desbat
- CBMN, Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets CNRS, UMR 5248, Université de Bordeaux I, ENITAB, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Joël Chopineau
- CNRS, UMR 5253 Institut Charles Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, 34093 Montpellier Cedex, France
- Université de Nîmes, 30000 Nîmes, France
| | - Claire Rossi
- UMR 6022 CNRS Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, BP 20529, 60205 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Laure Béven
- UMR 6022 CNRS Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, BP 20529, 60205 Compiègne Cedex, France
- INRA, UMR 1090 Génomique Diversité et Pouvoir Pathogène, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Université de Bordeaux 2, UMR 1090 Génomique Diversité Pouvoir Pathogène, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
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32
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Won A, Khan M, Gustin S, Akpawu A, Seebun D, Avis TJ, Leung BO, Hitchcock AP, Ianoul A. Investigating the effects of L- to D-amino acid substitution and deamidation on the activity and membrane interactions of antimicrobial peptide anoplin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1808:1592-600. [PMID: 21078293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isolated from the venom sac of solitary spider wasp, Anoplius samariensis, anoplin is the smallest linear α-helical antimicrobial peptide found naturally with broad spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and little hemolytic activity toward human erythrocytes. Deamidation was found to decrease the peptide's antibacterial properties. In the present work, interactions of amidated (Ano-NH2) and deamidated (Ano-OH) forms of anoplin as well as Ano-NH2 composed of all D-amino acids (D-Ano-NH2) with model cell membranes were investigated by means of Langmuir Blodgett (LB) technique, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (X-PEEM) and carboxyfluorescein leakage assay in order to gain a better understanding of the effect of these peptide modifications on membrane binding and lytic properties. According to LB, all three peptides form stable monolayers at the air/water interface with Ano-NH2 occupying a slightly greater area per molecule than Ano-OH. All three forms of the peptide interact preferentially with anionic 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] (DPPG), rather than zwitterionic 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipid monolayer. Peptides form nanoscale clusters in zwitterionic but not in anionic monolayers. Finally, membrane lytic activity of all derivatives was found to depend strongly on membrane composition and lipid/peptide ratio. The results suggest that amidated forms of peptides are likely to possess higher membrane binding affinity due to the increased charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Won
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr. Ottawa, ON, Canada
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33
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Cationic amphiphiles, a new generation of antimicrobials inspired by the natural antimicrobial peptide scaffold. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:4049-58. [PMID: 20696877 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00530-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their mimics form a diverse class of antibacterial agents currently validated in preclinical and clinical settings for the treatment of infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Numerous studies with linear, cyclic, and diastereomeric AMPs have strongly supported the hypothesis that their physicochemical properties, rather than any specific amino acid sequence, are responsible for their microbiological activities. It is generally believed that the amphiphilic topology is essential for insertion into and disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane. In particular, the ability to rapidly kill bacteria and the relative difficulty with which bacteria develop resistance make AMPs and their mimics attractive targets for drug development. However, the therapeutic use of naturally occurring AMPs is hampered by the high manufacturing costs, poor pharmacokinetic properties, and low bacteriological efficacy in animal models. In order to overcome these problems, a variety of novel and structurally diverse cationic amphiphiles that mimic the amphiphilic topology of AMPs have recently appeared. Many of these compounds exhibit superior pharmacokinetic properties and reduced in vitro toxicity while retaining potent antibacterial activity against resistant and nonresistant bacteria. In summary, cationic amphiphiles promise to provide a new and rich source of diverse antibacterial lead structures in the years to come.
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Claudon P, Violette A, Lamour K, Decossas M, Fournel S, Heurtault B, Godet J, Mély Y, Jamart-Grégoire B, Averlant-Petit MC, Briand JP, Duportail G, Monteil H, Guichard G. Consequences of isostructural main-chain modifications for the design of antimicrobial foldamers: helical mimics of host-defense peptides based on a heterogeneous amide/urea backbone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:333-6. [PMID: 19957258 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200905591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Claudon
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Chimie Thérapeutiques, 15 rue René Descartes, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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Role of membranotropic sequences from herpes simplex virus type I glycoproteins B and H in the fusion process. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:579-91. [PMID: 20085747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The entry of enveloped viruses involves attachment followed by close apposition of the viral and plasma membranes. Then, either on the cell surface or in an endocytotic vesicle, the two membranes fuse by an energetically unfavourable process requiring the destabilisation of membrane microenvironment in order to release the viral nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm. The core fusion machinery, conserved throughout the herpesvirus family, involves glycoprotein B (gB) and the non-covalently associated complex of glycoproteins H and L (gH/gL). Both gB and gH possess several hydrophobic domains necessary for efficient induction of fusion, and synthetic peptides corresponding to these regions are able to associate to membranes and induce fusion of artificial liposomes. Here, we describe the first application of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to the study of the interaction of viral membranotropic peptides with model membranes in order to enhance our molecular understanding of the mechanism of membrane fusion. SPR spectroscopy data are supported by tryptophan fluorescence, circular dichroism and electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). We selected peptides from gB and gH and also analysed the behaviour of HIV gp41 fusion peptide and the cationic antimicrobial peptide melittin. The combined results of SPR and ESR showed a marked difference between the mode of action of the HSV peptides and the HIV fusion peptide compared to melittin, suggesting that viral-derived membrane interacting peptides all act via a similar mechanism, which is substantially different from that of the non-cell selective lytic peptide melittin.
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Claudon P, Violette A, Lamour K, Decossas M, Fournel S, Heurtault B, Godet J, Mély Y, Jamart‐Grégoire B, Averlant‐Petit M, Briand J, Duportail G, Monteil H, Guichard G. Consequences of Isostructural Main‐Chain Modifications for the Design of Antimicrobial Foldamers: Helical Mimics of Host‐Defense Peptides Based on a Heterogeneous Amide/Urea Backbone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200905591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Claudon
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Chimie Thérapeutiques, 15 rue René Descartes, F‐67000 Strasbourg (France)
| | - Aude Violette
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Chimie Thérapeutiques, 15 rue René Descartes, F‐67000 Strasbourg (France)
| | - Karen Lamour
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Chimie Thérapeutiques, 15 rue René Descartes, F‐67000 Strasbourg (France)
| | - Marion Decossas
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Chimie Thérapeutiques, 15 rue René Descartes, F‐67000 Strasbourg (France)
| | - Sylvie Fournel
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Chimie Thérapeutiques, 15 rue René Descartes, F‐67000 Strasbourg (France)
| | - Béatrice Heurtault
- Laboratoire de chimie enzymatique et vectorisation Université Strasbourg 1, Institut Gilbert Laustriat CNRS ‐ UMR 7175, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, BP 60024, 67401 Illkirch Cedex (France)
| | - Julien Godet
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, CNRS UMR 7213, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, BP 60024, 67401 Illkirch Cedex (France)
| | - Yves Mély
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, CNRS UMR 7213, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, BP 60024, 67401 Illkirch Cedex (France)
| | | | | | - Jean‐Paul Briand
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Chimie Thérapeutiques, 15 rue René Descartes, F‐67000 Strasbourg (France)
| | - Guy Duportail
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, CNRS UMR 7213, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, BP 60024, 67401 Illkirch Cedex (France)
| | - Henri Monteil
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et d'Antibiologie des Infections Nosocomiales et Emergentes, Institut de Bactériologie, Faculté de Médecine, 3 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg (France)
| | - Gilles Guichard
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Chimie Thérapeutiques, 15 rue René Descartes, F‐67000 Strasbourg (France)
- Present address: Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Université de Bordeaux—CNRS UMR 5248, CBMN, 2 rue R. Escarpit, 33607 Pessac (France)
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Wang P, Bang JK, Kim HJ, Kim JK, Kim Y, Shin SY. Antimicrobial specificity and mechanism of action of disulfide-removed linear analogs of the plant-derived Cys-rich antimicrobial peptide Ib-AMP1. Peptides 2009; 30:2144-9. [PMID: 19778562 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ib-AMP1 is a 20-residue disulfide-linked beta-sheet antimicrobial peptide found in the seeds of Impatiens balsamina. In order to investigate the effects of the 2 disulfide bonds on the antimicrobial specificity, to determine the mechanism of antimicrobial action of Ib-AMP1 and to develop novel cell-selective antimicrobial peptides with improved antimicrobial specificity as compared to wild-type Ib-AMP1, we synthesized a disulfide-removed linear analog of Ib-AMP1 with L-Pro, D-Pro or peptoid residues (Nala and Nlys) at the central position of the molecule. All linear analogs displayed a 3.7-4.8-fold higher antimicrobial specificity than wild-type Ib-AMP1, indicating that the disulfide bonds of Ib-AMP1 analogs are not essential for its antimicrobial specificity. Circular dichroism spectra revealed that the peptoid residues, as well as the proline at the central position of disulfide bond-removed Ib-AMP1 analogs, induce a beta-turn structure in a negatively charged bacterial membrane-mimicking environment. Ib-AMP1 was not effective in depolarizing the cytoplasmic membranes of Staphylococcus aureus and showed almost no leakage of calcein from negatively charged bacterial membranes mimicking lipid vesicles. In contrast, all linear analogs caused very weak dye leakage from negatively charged vesicles, but they almost completely depolarized the membrane potential of S. aureus cells. Collectively, our results suggest that the target of Ib-AMP1 may not be the cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria but their intracellular components. All linear analogs exhibit lethality due to their ability to form small channels that permit the transit of ions or protons and not molecules as large as calcein, and not by disrupting membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Bio-Materials, Graduate School, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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38
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Mowery BP, Lindner AH, Weisblum B, Stahl SS, Gellman SH. Structure-activity relationships among random nylon-3 copolymers that mimic antibacterial host-defense peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:9735-45. [PMID: 19601684 DOI: 10.1021/ja901613g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Host-defense peptides are natural antibiotics produced by multicellular organisms to ward off bacterial infection. Since the discovery of these molecules in the 1980s, a great deal of effort has been devoted to elucidating their mechanisms of action and to developing analogues with improved properties for possible therapeutic use. The vast majority of this effort has focused on materials composed of a single type of molecule, most commonly a peptide with a specific sequence of alpha-amino acid residues. We have recently shown that sequence-random nylon-3 copolymers can mimic favorable properties of host-defense peptides, and here we document structure-activity relationships in this polymer family. Although the polymers are heterogeneous in terms of subunit order and stereochemistry, these materials display structure-activity relationships comparable to those that have been documented among host-defense peptides and analogous synthetic peptides. Previously such relationships have been interpreted in terms of a specific and regular folding pattern (usually an alpha-helix), but our findings show that these correlations between covalent structure and biological activity do not require the adoption of a specific or regular conformation. In some cases our observations suggest alternative interpretations of results obtained with discrete peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan P Mowery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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39
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Rathinakumar R, Walkenhorst WF, Wimley WC. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides by rational combinatorial design and high-throughput screening: the importance of interfacial activity. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:7609-17. [PMID: 19445503 PMCID: PMC2935846 DOI: 10.1021/ja8093247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We recently described 10 peptides selected from a 16,384-member combinatorial library based on their ability to permeabilize synthetic lipid vesicles in vitro. These peptides did not share a common sequence motif, length, or net charge; nonetheless, they shared a mechanism of action that is similar to the natural membrane permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides (AMP). To characterize the selected peptides and to compare the activity of AMPs in vivo and in vitro, we report on the biological activity of the same selected peptides in bacteria, fungi, and mammalian cells. Each of the peptides has sterilizing activity against all classes of microbes tested, at 2-8 microM peptide, with only slight hemolytic or cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. Similar to many natural AMPs, bacteria are killed within a few minutes of peptide addition, and the lethal step in vivo is membrane permeabilization. Single D-amino acid substitutions eliminated or diminished the secondary structure of the peptides, and yet, they retained activity against some microbes. Thus, secondary structure and biological activity are not coupled, consistent with the hypothesis that AMPs do not form pores of well-defined structure in membranes but rather destabilize membranes by partitioning into membrane interfaces and disturbing the organization of the lipids, a property that we have called "interfacial activity". The observation that broad-spectrum activity, but not all antimicrobial activity, is lost by small changes to the peptides suggests that the in vitro screen is specifically selecting for the rare peptides that have broad-spectrum activity. We put forth the hypothesis that methods focusing on screening peptide libraries in vitro for members with the appropriate interfacial activity can enable the design, selection, and discovery of novel, potent, and broad-spectrum membrane-active antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Rathinakumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA, 70112
| | | | - William C. Wimley
- Department of Biochemistry, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA, 70112
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40
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Antibacterial activity of ultrashort cationic lipo-beta-peptides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:2215-7. [PMID: 19237652 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01100-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously reported D,L-lipo-alpha-peptides and their lipo-beta-peptide counterparts (C16-KGGK, C16-KAAK, C16-KKKK, and C12-KLLK) were studied, and the lipo-beta-peptides were found to retain antimicrobial activity. Likewise, no significant changes in antimicrobial activity were found upon activity comparisons with D,L-amino acid-based lipopeptides or any L-amino acid lipopeptides. As a defined amphipathic structure is unlikely to form with such short molecules and as similar activities were obtained from all lipopeptides, we suspect that the action of membrane permeation is retained.
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41
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Bhunia A, Ramamoorthy A, Bhattacharjya S. Helical Hairpin Structure of a Potent Antimicrobial Peptide MSI-594 in Lipopolysaccharide Micelles by NMR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2009; 15:2036-40. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200802635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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42
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Wang G, Watson KM, Buckheit RW. Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activities of antimicrobial peptides derived from human and bovine cathelicidins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52:3438-40. [PMID: 18591279 PMCID: PMC2533476 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00452-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
From among 15 human cathelicidin LL-37-derived peptides, FK-13 was identified as the smallest peptide active against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and GI-20 had the highest therapeutic index, which was twice that of LL-37. BMAP-18, which is derived from bovine cathelicidin BMAP-27, possessed a therapeutic index similar to that of GI-20. Peptide sequence order, helical structures, and aromatic residues are important in HIV inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshun Wang
- The Structure-Fun Laboratory, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6805, USA.
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43
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Rathinakumar R, Wimley WC. Biomolecular engineering by combinatorial design and high-throughput screening: small, soluble peptides that permeabilize membranes. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:9849-58. [PMID: 18611015 PMCID: PMC2582735 DOI: 10.1021/ja8017863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rational design and engineering of membrane-active peptides remains a largely unsatisfied goal. We have hypothesized that this is due, in part, to the fact that some membrane activities, such as permeabilization, are not dependent on specific amino acid sequences or specific three-dimensional peptide structures. Instead they depend on interfacial activity: the ability of a molecule to partition into the membrane-water interface and to alter the packing and organization of lipids. Here we test that idea by taking a nonclassical approach to biomolecular engineering and design of membrane-active peptides. A 16,384-member rational combinatorial peptide library, containing peptides of 9-15 amino acids in length, was screened for soluble members that permeabilize phospholipid membranes. A stringent, two-phase, high-throughput screen was used to identify 10 unique peptides that had potent membrane-permeabilizing activity but were also water soluble. These rare and uniquely active peptides do not share any particular sequence motif, peptide length, or net charge, but instead they share common compositional features, secondary structure, and core hydrophobicity. We show that they function by a common mechanism that depends mostly on interfacial activity and leads to transient pore formation. We demonstrate here that composition-space peptide libraries coupled with function-based high-throughput screens can lead to the discovery of diverse, soluble, and highly potent membrane-permeabilizing peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Rathinakumar
- Department of Biochemistry SL43, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA, 70112-2699
| | - William C. Wimley
- Department of Biochemistry SL43, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA, 70112-2699
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44
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45
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Andolfi A, Cimmino A, Cantore PL, Iacobellis NS, Evidente A. Bioactive and Structural Metabolites of Pseudomonas and Burkholderia Species Causal Agents of Cultivated Mushrooms Diseases. PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/1177391x0800200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas tolaasii, P. reactans and Burkholderia gladioli pv. agaricicola, are responsible of diseases on some species of cultivated mushrooms. The main bioactive metabolites produced by both Pseudomonas strains are the lipodepsipeptides (LDPs) tolaasin I and II and the so called White Line Inducing Principle (WLIP), respectively, LDPs which have been extensively studied for their role in the disease process and for their biological properties. In particular, their antimicrobial activity and the alteration of biological and model membranes (red blood cell and liposomes) was established. In the case of tolaasin I interaction with membranes was also related to the tridimensional structure in solution as determined by NMR combined with molecular dynamic calculation techniques. Recently, five news minor tolaasins, tolaasins A-E, were isolated from the culture filtrates of P. tolaasii and their chemical structure was determined by extensive use of NMR and MS spectroscopy. Furthermore, their antimicrobial activity was evaluated on target micro-organisms (fungi–-including the cultivated mushrooms Agaricus bisporus, Lentinus edodes, and Pleurotus spp.–-chromista, yeast and bacteria). The Gram positive bacteria resulted the most sensible and a significant structure-activity relationships was apparent. The isolation and structure determination of bioactive metabolites produced by B. gladioli pv. agaricicola are still in progress but preliminary results indicate their peptide nature. Furthermore, the exopolysaccharide (EPS) from the culture filtrates of B. gladioli pv. agaricicola, as well as the O-chain and lipid A, from the lipo-polysaccharide (LPS) of the three bacteria, were isolated and the structures determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andolfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell'Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell'Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Pietro Lo Cantore
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Difesa e Biotecnologie Agro-Forestali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Nicola Sante Iacobellis
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Difesa e Biotecnologie Agro-Forestali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell'Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
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46
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Glukhov E, Burrows LL, Deber CM. Membrane interactions of designed cationic antimicrobial peptides: The two thresholds. Biopolymers 2008; 89:360-71. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.20917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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47
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Mowery BP, Lee SE, Kissounko DA, Epand RF, Epand RM, Weisblum B, Stahl SS, Gellman SH. Mimicry of antimicrobial host-defense peptides by random copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:15474-6. [PMID: 18034491 DOI: 10.1021/ja077288d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan P Mowery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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48
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Energetics and partition of two cecropin-melittin hybrid peptides to model membranes of different composition. Biophys J 2007; 94:2128-41. [PMID: 18032555 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.107.119032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The energetics and partition of two hybrid peptides of cecropin A and melittin (CA(1-8)M(1-18) and CA(1-7)M(2-9)) with liposomes of different composition were studied by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and surface plasmon resonance. The study was carried out with large unilamellar vesicles of three different lipid compositions: 1,2-dimyristoil-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) (DMPG), and a 3:1 binary mixture of DMPC/DMPG in a wide range of peptide/lipid ratios. The results are compatible with a model involving a strong electrostatic surface interaction between the peptides and the negatively charged liposomes, giving rise to aggregation and precipitation. A correlation is observed in the calorimetric experiments between the observed events and charge neutralization for negatively charged and mixed membranes. In the case of zwitterionic membranes, a very interesting case study was obtained with the smaller peptide, CA(1-7)M(2-9). The calorimetric results obtained for this peptide in a large range of peptide/lipid ratios can be interpreted on the basis of an initial and progressive surface coverage until a threshold concentration, where the orientation changes from parallel to perpendicular to the membrane, followed by pore formation and eventually membrane disruption. The importance of negatively charged lipids on the discrimination between bacterial and eukaryotic membranes is emphasized.
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49
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Rausch JM, Marks JR, Rathinakumar R, Wimley WC. Beta-sheet pore-forming peptides selected from a rational combinatorial library: mechanism of pore formation in lipid vesicles and activity in biological membranes. Biochemistry 2007; 46:12124-39. [PMID: 17918962 PMCID: PMC2583027 DOI: 10.1021/bi700978h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In a previous report we described the selection of potent, beta-sheet pore-forming peptides from a combinatorial library designed to mimic membrane-spanning beta-hairpins (Rausch, J. M., Marks, J. R., and Wimley, W. C. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 10511-10515). Here, we characterize their mechanism of action and compare the structure-function relationships in lipid vesicles to their activity in biological membranes. The pore-forming peptides bind to membrane interfaces and self-assemble into beta-sheets that cause a transient burst of graded leakage across the bilayers. Despite the continued presence of the structured peptides in the bilayer, at most peptide concentrations leakage is incomplete and ceases quickly after peptide addition with a deactivation half-time of several minutes. Molecules up to 3,000 Da escape from the transient pores, but much larger molecules do not. Fluorescence spectroscopy and quenching showed that the peptides reside mainly on the bilayer surface and are partially exposed to water, rather than in a membrane-spanning state. The "carpet" or "sinking raft" model of peptide pore formation offers a viable explanation for our observations and suggests that the selected pore-formers function with a mechanism that is similar to the natural pore-forming antimicrobial peptides. We therefore also characterized the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of these peptides. All peptides studied, including non-pore-formers, had sterilizing antimicrobial activity against at least some microbes, and most have low activity against mammalian cell membranes. Thus, the structure-function relationships that were apparent in the vesicle systems are similar to, but do not correlate completely with, the activity of the same peptides in biological membranes. However, of the peptides tested, only the pore-formers selected in the high-throughput screen have potent, broad-spectrum sterilizing activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as against fungi, while having only small lytic effects on human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Rausch
- Department of Biochemistry, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA, 70112-2699
| | - Jessica R. Marks
- Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA, 70112-2699
| | - Ramesh Rathinakumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA, 70112-2699
| | - William C. Wimley
- Department of Biochemistry, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA, 70112-2699
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50
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Wang L, Li Z, Du C, Chen W, Pang Y. Characterization and expression of a cecropin-like gene from Helicoverpa armigera. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 148:417-25. [PMID: 17900955 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA encoding a cecropin-like antibacterial peptide was obtained by RT-PCR from cotton budworm (Helicoverpa armigera). The cloned cDNA consists of 773 nucleotides with a 192 bp open reading frame encoding a peptide of 63 aa, which is comprised of a 21 aa signal peptide and a 42 amino acids mature peptide. The amino acid sequence of the mature peptide is highly similar to those D-type cecropins. The peptide was named as HacD. RT-PCR revealed that the transcript of HacD gene was inducible and could be detected in fatbodies, midguts, hemocytes and Malpighian tubules. HacD was highly expressed in E. coli M15 by fusing with green fluorescent protein (GFP). After purification, desalting and cleavage with factor Xa, HacD was released and showed antibacterial activity to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The genomic DNA of HacD was amplified by TAIL-PCR. NF-kappaB and NF-IL6 binding sites were found in the 5'-upstream regulatory region of HacD gene. EMSA (electrophoretic mobility shift assay) revealed that nuclear proteins from the immunized larvae could bind to the NF-kappaB site, but no nuclear proteins were found to bind to the NF-IL6 site. It was proposed that the NF-kappaB site might contribute to the expression of HacD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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