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Kim JH, Lee CJ, Yu YS, Aryal YP, Kim S, Suh JY, Kim JY, Min SH, Cha IT, Lee HY, Shin SY, Cho SJ. Transcriptomic profiling and the first spatial expression analysis of candidate genes in the salivary gland of the East Asian medicinal leech, Hirudo nipponia. Dev Comp Immunol 2024; 154:105125. [PMID: 38158145 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hirudo nipponia, a blood-sucking leech native to East Asia, possesses a rich repertoire of active ingredients in its saliva, showcasing significant medical potential due to its anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects against human diseases. Despite previous studies on the transcriptomic and proteomic characteristics of leech saliva, which have identified medicinal compounds, our knowledge of tissue-specific transcriptomes and their spatial expression patterns remains incomplete. In this study, we conducted an extensive transcriptomic profiling of the salivary gland tissue in H. nipponia based on de novo assemblies of tissue-specific transcriptomes from the salivary gland, teeth, and general head region. Through gene ontology (GO) analysis and hierarchical clustering, we discovered a novel set of anti-coagulant factors-i.e., Hni-Antistasin, Hni-Ghilanten, Hni-Bdellin, Hni-Hirudin-as well as a previously unrecognized immune-related gene, Hni-GLIPR1 and uncharacterized salivary gland specific transcripts. By employing in situ hybridization, we provided the first visualization of gene expression sites within the salivary gland of H. nipponia. Our findings expand on our understanding of transcripts specifically expressed in the salivary gland of blood-sucking leeches, offering valuable resources for the exploration of previously unidentified substances with medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyeuk Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea; Wildlife Disease Response Team, National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Jun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yam Prasad Aryal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangil Kim
- Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Jo-Young Suh
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, IHBR Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hong Min
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Tae Cha
- Species Diversity Research Division, National Institute of Biological Resources(NIBR), Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Youn Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Jin Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Gunasekaran P, Hwang YS, Lee GH, Park J, Kim JG, La YK, Park NY, Kothandaraman R, Yim MS, Choi J, Kim HN, Park IY, Lee SJ, Kim MH, Cha-Molstad H, Shin SY, Ryu EK, Bang JK. Degradation of Polo-like Kinase 1 by the Novel Poly-Arginine N-Degron Pathway PROTAC Regulates Tumor Growth in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3307-3320. [PMID: 38105611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), which is crucial in cell cycle regulation, is considered a promising anticancer drug target. Herein, we present the N-degron pathway-based proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) for PLK1 degradation, targeting the Polo-box domain (PBD). We identified DD-2 as the most potent PROTAC that selectively induces PLK1 degradation in cancer cells, including HeLa and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), through the N-degron pathway. DD-2 exhibited significant in vitro anticancer effects, inducing G2/M arrest and apoptosis in HeLa and NSCLC cell lines. DD-2 showed significant tumor growth inhibition in a xenograft mouse model using HeLa and NSCLC cell lines, highlighting its potential in cancer treatment. Furthermore, the combination of DD-2 with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), osimertinib, effectively suppressed tumor growth in double-mutated H1975 cell lines, emphasizing DD-2's potential in combination cancer therapies. Collectively, this study demonstrates the potential of the N-degron pathway, especially using DD-2, for targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pethaiah Gunasekaran
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
- Dandicure Inc, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Sil Hwang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
- Dandicure Inc, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Gong-Hyeon Lee
- Dandicure Inc, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehui Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Gi Kim
- Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Kyung La
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Yeong Park
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Min Su Yim
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhyeok Choi
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Nam Kim
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Yeong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Ryu
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
- Dandicure Inc, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Jahan I, Kumar SD, Shin SY, Lee CW, Shin SH, Yang S. Multifunctional Properties of BMAP-18 and Its Aliphatic Analog against Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1356. [PMID: 37895827 PMCID: PMC10609797 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BMAP-18, derived from the N-terminal region of bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide BMAP-27, demonstrates potent antimicrobial activity without cytotoxicity. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory properties of BMAP-18, rich in aromatic phenylalanine residues, with its aliphatic analog, BMAP-18-FL. Both aromatic BMAP-18 and aliphatic BMAP-18-FL exhibited equally potent antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA). Mechanistic investigations employing SYTOX green uptake, DNA binding, and FACScan analysis revealed that both peptides acted by inducing membrane permeabilization and subsequent intracellular targeting. Moreover, both BMAP-18 and BMAP-18-FL effectively prevented biofilm formation and eradicated existing biofilms of MRSA and MDRPA. Notably, BMAP-18-FL displayed a superior anti-inflammatory activity compared to BMAP-18, significantly reducing the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. This study emphasizes the similarities and differences in the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory properties between aromatic BMAP-18 and aliphatic BMAP-18-FL, providing valuable insights for the development of multifunctional antimicrobial peptides against drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrat Jahan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sukumar Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (S.D.K.); (S.Y.S.)
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (S.D.K.); (S.Y.S.)
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Heui Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (S.D.K.); (S.Y.S.)
| | - Sungtae Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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Kim EY, Kumar SD, Bang JK, Ajish C, Yang S, Ganbaatar B, Kim J, Lee CW, Cho SJ, Shin SY. Evaluation of deoxythymidine-based cationic amphiphiles as antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory agents. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:106909. [PMID: 37419291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We recently designed a series of cationic deoxythymidine-based amphiphiles that mimic the cationic amphipathic structure of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Among these amphiphiles, ADG-2e and ADL-3e displayed the highest selectivity against bacterial cells. In this study, ADG-2e and ADL-3e were evaluated for their potential as novel classes of antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory agents. METHODS Minimum inhibitory concentrations of ADG-2e and ADL-3e against bacteria were determined using the broth microdilution method. Proteolytic resistance against pepsin, trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and proteinase K was determined by radial diffusion and HPLC analysis. Biofilm activity was investigated using the broth microdilution and confocal microscopy. The antimicrobial mechanism was investigated by membrane depolarization, cell membrane integrity analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), genomic DNA influence and genomic DNA binding assay. Synergistic activity was evaluated using checkerboard method. Anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using ELISA and RT-PCR. RESULTS ADG-2e and ADL-3e showed good resistance to physiological salts and human serum, and a low incidence of drug resistance. Moreover, they exhibit proteolytic resistance against pepsin, trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and proteinase K. ADG-2e and ADL-3e were found to kill bacteria by an intracellular target mechanism and bacterial cell membrane-disrupting mechanism, respectively. Furthermore, ADG-2e and ADL-3e showed effective synergistic effects when combined with several conventional antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA). Importantly, ADG-2e and ADL-3e not only suppressed MDRPA biofilm formation but also effectively eradicated mature MDRPA biofilms. Furthermore, ADG-2e and ADL-3e drastically decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene expression and protein secretion in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages, implying potent anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced inflammation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that ADG-2e and ADL-3e could be further developed as novel antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory agents to combat bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - S Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chung Buk, Republic of Korea
| | - Chelladurai Ajish
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungtae Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jeongeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Tahmasebi A, Roach T, Shin SY, Lee CW. Fusarium solani infection disrupts metabolism during the germination of roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) seeds. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1225426. [PMID: 37615017 PMCID: PMC10442802 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1225426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections adversely influence the production and quality of seeds. Previously, Fusarium solani was reported as the causal agent of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) seed rot. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of F. solani infection on the germination, biochemical composition, energy reserves, and antioxidant activity of roselle seeds because there is currently a lack of information on the relationship between seed metabolism and infection with F. solani. The results showed that roselle seeds infected with F. solani exhibited a ca. 55% reduction in overall germination. Additionally, the fungal infection decreased antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, protein, sugar (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), and some amino acid (glutamine, serine, and arginine) contents. In contrast, some metabolites were more abundant in infected seeds, including alanine (2.1-fold) and some fatty acids (palmitic acid and heptadecanoic acid by 1.1- and 1.4-fold, respectively). The infection-associated changes in fatty acid profile resulted in the ratio of unsaturated/saturated fatty acids being 2.1-fold higher in infected seeds. Therefore, our results reveal that F. solani infection remarkably altered the biochemical composition of roselle seeds, which may have contributed to the loss of germination and quality of roselle seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminallah Tahmasebi
- Department of Agriculture, Minab Higher Education Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas Roach
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Ajish C, Yang S, Kumar SD, Lee CW, Kim DM, Cho SJ, Shin SY. Cell selectivity and antibiofilm and anti-inflammatory activities and antibacterial mechanism of symmetric-end antimicrobial peptide centered on D-Pro-Pro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 666:21-28. [PMID: 37167720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a new symmetric-end antimicrobial peptide (AMP) with cell selectivity, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory activities. Two symmetric-end AMPs, Lf6-pP and Lf6-GG, were designed based on the sequence RRWQWRzzRWQWRR, which contains two symmetric repeat sequences connected by a β-turn-promoting sequence (zz) that can be a rigid turn by D-Pro-Pro (pP) or a flexible turn by Gly-Gly (GG). Both Lf6-pP and Lf6-GG exhibited potent antibacterial activity without causing hemolysis, but Lf6-pP exhibited better cell selectivity, likely due to the more significant impact of the rigid pP turn. Compared to Lf6-GG, Lf6-pP demonstrated approximately three times higher antimicrobial activity against drug-resistant bacteria, had a low incidence of drug resistance, and maintained its activity in the presence of physiological salts and human serum. Additionally, Lf6-pP was more effective than Lf6-GG in inhibiting biofilm formation and eradicating mature biofilms. The BODIPY-cadaverine assay indicated that the potent anti-inflammatory activity of Lf6-pP may be attributed to its direct interaction with LPS, resulting in decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Mechanistic studies, including membrane depolarization, outer/inner membrane permeation, and membrane integrity change, demonstrated that Lf6-pP exerts its antibacterial action through an intracellular-target mechanism. Overall, we propose that Lf6-pP has potential as a novel antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory agent against drug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelladurai Ajish
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungtae Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - S Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61453, South Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
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Lee CJ, Lee HY, Yu YS, Ryu KB, Lee H, Kim K, Shin SY, Gil YC, Cho SJ. Brain compartmentalization based on transcriptome analyses and its gene expression in Octopus minor. Brain Struct Funct 2023:10.1007/s00429-023-02647-6. [PMID: 37138199 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Coleoid cephalopods have a high intelligence, complex structures, and large brain. The cephalopod brain is divided into supraesophageal mass, subesophageal mass and optic lobe. Although much is known about the structural organization and connections of various lobes of octopus brain, there are few studies on the brain of cephalopod at the molecular level. In this study, we demonstrated the structure of an adult Octopus minor brain by histomorphological analyses. Through visualization of neuronal and proliferation markers, we found that adult neurogenesis occurred in the vL and posterior svL. We also obtained specific 1015 genes by transcriptome of O. minor brain and selected OLFM3, NPY, GnRH, and GDF8 genes. The expression of genes in the central brain showed the possibility of using NPY and GDF8 as molecular marker of compartmentation in the central brain. This study will provide useful information for establishing a molecular atlas of cephalopod brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Jun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Youn Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Bin Ryu
- Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Chun Gil
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Jin Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Jung B, Yun H, Min HJ, Yang S, Shin SY, Lee CW. Discovery of structural and functional transition sites for membrane-penetrating activity of sheep myeloid antimicrobial peptide-18. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1238. [PMID: 36690720 PMCID: PMC9871035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides have an extended and/or unstructured conformation in aqueous solutions but fold into ordered conformations, such as the α-helical structure, when interacting with cellular membranes. These structural transitions can be directly correlated to their antimicrobial activity and its underlying mechanisms. SMAP-18, the N-terminal segment (residues 1-18) of sheep cathelicidin (SMAP-29), is known to kill microorganisms by translocating across membranes and interacting with their nucleic acids. The amino acid sequence of SMAP-18 contains three Gly residues (at positions 2, 7, and 13) that significantly affect the flexibility of its peptide structure. This study investigated the role of Gly residues in the structure, membrane interaction, membrane translocation, and antimicrobial mechanisms of SMAP-18. Five analogs were designed and synthesized through Gly → Ala substitution (i.e., G2A, G7A, G13A, G7,13A, and G2,7,13A); these substitutions altered the helical content of SMAP-18 peptides. We found that G7,13A and G2,7,13A changed their mode of action, with circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance studies revealing that these analogs changed the structure of SMAP-18 from a random coil to an α-helical structure. The results of this experiment suggest that the Gly residues at positions 7 and 13 in SMAP-18 are the structural and functional determinants that control its three-dimensional structure, strain-specific activity, and antimicrobial mechanism of action. These results provide valuable information for the design of novel peptide-based antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bomi Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosuk Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Min
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Gwangju Women's University, Gwangju, 62396, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungtae Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Ajish C, Kumar SD, Kim EY, Yang S, Shin SY. A short novel antimicrobial peptide BP100-W with antimicrobial, antibiofilm and anti-inflammatory activities designed by replacement with tryptophan. J Anal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-022-00358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBP100 is a short cationic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) designed using a combinatorial chemistry approach based on the cecropin A-melittin hybrid. It displays potent antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria and low toxicity toward eukaryotic cells. To develop a short AMP with potent cell selectivity, antibiofilm and anti-inflammatory activities, we designed a newly BP100 analog, BP100-W, in which Leu-3 at the hydrophobic face of BP100 was replaced by Trp. BP100-W possessed better cell selectivity, with a 1.7-fold higher therapeutic index than BP100. BP100-W displayed more effective synergistic activity when combined with several antibiotics, such as chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and oxacillin, compared to BP-100. BP100-W also exhibited stronger antibiofilm activity than BP100 in inhibiting biofilm formation by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA) and eradicating the preformed biofilms of MDRPA. Moreover, unlike BP100, BP100-W significantly suppressed the production and expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as the tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide. Boron-dipyrromethene-TR-cadaverine displacement assay demonstrated that the inhibitory activity of BP100-W on LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells may be due to increased direct interaction with LPS. Our results suggest that BP100-W exhibits potential for future use as an antimicrobial, antibiofilm and anti-inflammatory agent.
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Cho JH, Shin SY. Effects of smoking cessation on the risk of cardiovascular disease: a nationwide population-based study. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the global leading cause of death, and the economic and social burden of CVD is still increasing, Smoking is one of the top three leading risk factors for the disease and one of the well-established and important modifiable risk factors for CVD. However, the time course of CVD risk after smoking cessation is unclear.
Purpose
We assess the association between smoking and CVD and the incidence of CVD with years quitting smoking.
Methods
This study used the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. Self-reported smoking habit data were used to classify participants as current, former or never smokers and to investigate the duration and intensity of smoking. Smoking records of participants were updated every 2 years, and all participants whose smoking records were changed or unclear were excluded. The primary outcome was the development of CVD, including myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and cardiovascular death.
Results
Total 5,391,231 participants (953,756 subjects were current smokers, 104,604 subjects were former smokers, 4,432,871 subjects never smoker) were followed-up for an average of 4.2 years. The mean age was 45.8 years, 39.9% were male. Cumulative pack-year (PY) were 14 in current smoker, 10.5 in former smokers at baseline. The median years of quitting smoking for former smoker was 4.
Regardless of whether smoking continues or not, a dose-dependent relationship exists between smoking and CVD (Fig. 1). For those smoked less than 8PY, smoking cessation significantly lowered the CVD risk within 10 years compared to current smokers, and the CVD risk was not significantly different from never smokers (Fig. 2A). However, in the case of smokers over 8PY, although smoking cessation affects the reduction of CVD, the CVD risk decreases slowly over decades, and it takes more than 20 years for the effect of smoking on the CVD risk to disappear (Fig. 2B).
Conclusion
Smoking and CVD have a dose-dependent relationship, and mild smokers with less than 8PY had a similar CVD risk to never smokers when quitting smoking. However, for heavy smokers over 8PY, it takes a long time for the CVD risk from smoking to disappear
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Cho
- Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Y Shin
- Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
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11
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Shin SY, Jung M, Byeon K, Kang K. Intracardiac echocardiographically guided permanent pacemaker implantation is a feasible imaging tool with comparable procedural efficacy and safety. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Amongst cardiovascular interventions, pacemaker implantation procedure is one of the most hazardous in terms of radiation exposure due to its proximity and unprotected radiation exposure. In order to reduce radiation hazards, alternative imaging tool to guide pacemaker implantation should be sought. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of intracardiac echocardiographically (ICE) guided pacemaker implantation.
Methods
We retrospectively investigated pacemaker implantation with ICE guidance. ICE catheter was placed in right atrium (RA). Right ventricular (RV) lead was placed in RV apex within home view (low RA, 2-4 O'clock). Then RA lead was placed in RA appendage within mid RA 1-2 O'clock view. Fluoroscopy was used only for verifying lead redundancy (2 or 3 second duration before pocket closure). Other procedure steps were similarly performed as in conventional fluoroscopic method. Radiation dosage, patient safety, total procedure time, and lead parameters were assessed and compared.
Results
From June 2013 to March 2021, a total of 270 patients underwent pacemaker implantation either with ICE or with fluoroscopy. Amongst them, ICE guided implantation was attempted in 35 patients. In order to exclude potential bias caused by the operator's learning curve, we excluded early 5 cases out of ICE group. Radiation exposure was markedly decreased within ICE group (2.3±4.4 Gy cm2 in ICE group vs. 27.2±50.5 Gy cm2 in fluoroscopy group, P<0.001). The total procedure time and complication rate showed no significant difference between groups. In ICE group, atrial lead parameters were better than those of fluoroscopy group (impedance 454±57 Ω vs. 533±125 Ω, P<0.001).
Conclusion
In 30 patients with ICE guided pacemaker implantation, radiation exposure was markedly decreased without any trade-offs in terms of patients' safety and procedural success. Furthermore, operation team members' physical stress reduction also might be potentially guaranteed.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Shin
- Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - M Jung
- Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - K Byeon
- Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - K Kang
- Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
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12
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Shin SY, Jung M, Kang K, Byeon K. Net clinical benefit of NOAC in Korean atrial fibrillation patients with low to intermediate stroke risk. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The balance of stroke risk reduction and potential hemorrhagic risk associated with anti-thrombotic treatment (ATT) remain unclear in Korean atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with low to intermediate stroke risk, defined as non-gender CHA2DS2-VASc score 0–1.
Purpose
The net clinical benefit (NCB) analysis of ATT may be helpful to guide stroke prevention strategy in AF patients with non-gender CHA2DS2-VASc score 0–1.
Methods
This Korean multi-center cohort study retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes with single antiplatelet (SAPT), vitamin K antagonist (VKA), and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) in non-gender CHA2DS2-VASc score 0–1 and further stratified by biomarker-based ABCD score (Age [≥60 years], B-type natriuretic peptide [BNP] or N-terminal pro-BNP [≥300 pg/ml], Creatinine clearance [<50 ml/min/1.73 m2], and Dimension of the left atrium [≥45 mm]). The primary outcome was the NCB of ATT including thromboembolic and major bleeding events.
Results
We included 2465 patients (56.2±9.5 years; female, 665 [27.0%]) followed-up for 4.0±2.8 years, of whom 661 (26.8%) were treated with SAPT; 423 (17.2%) with VKA; and 1040 (42.2%) with NOAC. In comparison with no treatment, only NOAC demonstrated a positive tendency for stroke prevention (NOAC, NCB 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.40 to 2.10; SAPT, NCB −0.31, 95% CI −1.48 to 1.40; and VKA, NCB −1.26, 95% CI −2.97 to 0.67). With detailed risk stratification with ABCD score, NOAC showed a significant NCB for stroke prevention compared with SAPT and VKA (SAPT vs. NOAC, NCB 1.6, 95% CI 0.26–3.50; VKA vs. NOAC, NCB 1.96, 95% CI 0.47–4.16) in patients with ABCD score ≥1. ATT failed to show NCB in patients with truly low stroke risk defined as ABCD score=0.
Conclusion
Korean AF cohort with low to intermediate stroke risk indicates that, in comparison with no ATT, only ATT with NOAC showed marginal NCB. With further risk stratification by ABCD score, NOAC showed significant advantages over other ATTs (VKA or SAPT) in patients with ABCD ≥1.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Korean Disease Control and Prevention Agency
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Shin
- Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - M Jung
- Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - K Kang
- Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - K Byeon
- Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
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13
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Shin SY, Jung M, Byeon K, Kang K, Park Y, Hwang Y, Lee S, Jin E, Roh S, Kim J, Ahn J, Lee S, Choi E, Ahn M, Lip G. External validation of the biomarker based ABCD score in atrial fibrillation patients with a non gender CHA2DS2 VASc score 0 to 1, A Korean multicenter retrospective cohort. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients with low to intermediate risk atrial fibrillation (AF), defined as non-gender CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0–1, are still at risk of stroke. This study verified the usefulness of ABCD score (Age [≥60 years], B-type natriuretic peptide [BNP] or N-terminal pro-BNP [≥300 pg/ml], Creatinine clearance [<50 ml/min/1.73 m2], and Dimension of the left atrium [≥45 mm]) for stroke risk stratification in non-gender CHA2DS2-VASc score 0–1.
Methods
This multi-center cohort study retrospectively analyzed AF patients with non-gender CHA2DS2-VASc score 0–1. The primary endpoint was the incidence of stroke with or without anti-thrombotic treatment (ATT). An ABCD score was also validated.
Results
Overall, 2694 patients (56.3±9.5 years; female, 726 [26.9%]) were followed-up for 4.0±2.8 years. The overall stroke rate was 0.84/100 person-years (P-Y), stratified as follows: 0.46/100P-Y for an ABCD score 0; 1.02/100P-Y for an ABCD score≥1. The ABCD score was superior to the non-gender CHA2DS2-VASc score in stroke risk stratification (C-index=0.618, P=0.015; net reclassification improvement=0.576, P=0.040; integrated differential improvement=0.033, P=0.066). ATT was prescribed in 2353 patients (86.5%), and the stroke rate was significantly lower in patients receiving non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) therapy and an ABCD score≥1 than in those without ATT (0.44/100P-Y versus 1.55/100 P-Y; hazard ratio=0.26, 95% confidence interval 0.11–0.63, P=0.003).
Conclusion
The biomarker-based ABCD score demonstrated improved stroke risk stratification in AF patients with non-gender CHA2DS2-VASc score 0–1. Furthermore, NOAC with an ABCD score≥1 was associated with significantly lower stroke rate in AF patients with a non-gender CHA2DS2-VASc score 0–1.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Korean Disease Control and Prevention Agency
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Shin
- Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - M Jung
- Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - K Byeon
- Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - K Kang
- Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y Park
- Gachon University Gil Medical Center , Incheon , Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y Hwang
- St. Vincent's Hospital , Suwon , Korea (Democratic People's Republic of)
| | - S Lee
- Kangbuk Samsung Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - E Jin
- Kyunghee University , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Roh
- Korea University Guro Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Democratic People's Republic of)
| | - J Kim
- Korea University Ansan Hospital, Cardiology , Ansan-Si , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Ahn
- Pusan National University Hospital , Pusan , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Lee
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - E Choi
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - M Ahn
- Wonju Severance Christian Hospital , Wonju , Korea (Republic of)
| | - G Lip
- University of Liverpool , Liverpool , United Kingdom
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14
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Dinesh Kumar S, Park JH, Kim HS, Seo CD, Ajish C, Kim EY, Lim HS, Shin SY. Cationic, amphipathic small molecules based on a triazine-piperazine-triazine scaffold as a new class of antimicrobial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114747. [PMID: 36103802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Poor proteolytic resistance, toxicity and salt/serum sensitivity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) limits their practical clinical application. Here, to overcome these drawbacks of AMPs and develop novel antimicrobial agents, a series of small molecules based on a triazine-piperazine-triazine scaffold that mimic the cationic amphipathic structure of AMPs were synthesized and evaluated their potential as a new class of antimicrobial agents. All designed compounds showed strong antimicrobial activity and negligible hemolytic activity. Particularly, five compounds (9, 11, 12, 15, and 16) presented excellent cell selectivity with proteolytic resistance, salt/serum stability and anti-inflammatory activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. These five compounds exhibited similar or 2-4 fold higher antimicrobial activity than melittin against six antibiotic-resistant bacteria tested. Similar to the intracellular-targeting AMP, buforin-2, these compounds displayed an intracellular mode of antimicrobial action. These compounds showed potent biofilm inhibitory and eradicating activities against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA). Additionally, these compounds displayed synergistic or additive effects when combined with selected clinically used antibiotics. Furthermore, these compounds have been proven to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine release by directly binding to LPS and blocking the interaction between LPS and CD14/TLR4 receptor in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of the designed compounds as a novel class of multifunctional antimicrobial agents to combat bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Deok Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chelladurai Ajish
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Kim EY, Kumar SD, Ajish C, Lee CW, Shin S, Yang S, Bang JK, Shin SY. Synergistic antimicrobial activity of
TZP4
with conventional antibiotics against antibiotic‐resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - S. Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Chelladurai Ajish
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry Chonnam National University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Heui Shin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Sungtae Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) Ochang Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
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16
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Ajish C, Yang S, Kumar SD, Kim EY, Min HJ, Lee CW, Shin SH, Shin SY. A novel hybrid peptide composed of LfcinB6 and KR-12-a4 with enhanced antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-biofilm activities. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4365. [PMID: 35288606 PMCID: PMC8921290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridizing two known antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is a simple and effective strategy for designing antimicrobial agents with enhanced cell selectivity against bacterial cells. Here, we generated a hybrid peptide Lf-KR in which LfcinB6 and KR-12-a4 were linked with a Pro hinge to obtain a novel AMP with potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-biofilm activities. Lf-KR exerted superior cell selectivity for bacterial cells over sheep red blood cells. Lf-KR showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities (MIC: 4–8 μM) against tested 12 bacterial strains and retained its antimicrobial activity in the presence of salts at physiological concentrations. Membrane depolarization and dye leakage assays showed that the enhanced antimicrobial activity of Lf-KR was due to increased permeabilization and depolarization of microbial membranes. Lf-KR significantly inhibited the expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor‐α) in LPS-stimulated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. In addition, Lf-KR showed a powerful eradication effect on preformed multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA) biofilms. We confirmed using confocal laser scanning microscopy that a large portion of the preformed MDRPA biofilm structure was perturbed by the addition of Lf-KR. Collectively, our results suggest that Lf-KR can be an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-biofilm candidate as a pharmaceutical agent.
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17
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Kim EY, Han SH, Kim JM, Kim SM, Shin SY. Short antimicrobial peptidomimetic SAMP-5 effective against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. J Anal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-021-00281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractSAMP-5 is a short histidine-derived antimicrobial peptidomimetic with pendant dialkylated tail. In this study, we evaluated the potential of SAMP-5 as an antimicrobial agent to combat multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. SAMP-5 showed potent antimicrobial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration 16-64 μg/ml) comparable to melittin against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (MDREC) and multidrug-resistant (MDRPA). SAMP-5 displayed no cytotoxicity against three mammalian cells such as mouse macrophage RAW264.7, mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH-3T3, and human bone marrow SH-SY5Y cells at the concentration of 128 μg/ml. SAMP-5 showed resistance to proteolytic degradation with pepsin, trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and proteinase K. Importantly, unlike ciprofloxacin, no antibiotic resistance against SAMP-5 arose for Pseudomonas aeruginosa during 7 days of serial passage at 0.5 × MIC. Moreover, SAMP-5 showed synergy or additive effects against MDRPA and MDREC, when it combined with chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and oxacillin. Collectively, our results suggested that SAMP-5 is a promising alternative and adjuvant to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria.
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18
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Nam HY, Choi J, Kumar SD, Nielsen JE, Kyeong M, Wang S, Kang D, Lee Y, Lee J, Yoon MH, Hong S, Lund R, Jenssen H, Shin SY, Seo J. Helicity Modulation Improves the Selectivity of Antimicrobial Peptoids. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2732-2744. [PMID: 32865961 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The modulation of conformational flexibility in antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) has been investigated as a strategy to improve their efficacy against bacterial pathogens while reducing their toxicity. Here, we synthesized a library of helicity-modulated antimicrobial peptoids by the position-specific incorporation of helix-inducing monomers. The peptoids displayed minimal variations in hydrophobicity, which permitted the specific assessment of the effect of conformational differences on antimicrobial activity and selectivity. Among the moderately helical peptoids, the most dramatic increase in selectivity was observed in peptoid 17, providing more than a 20-fold increase compared to fully helical peptoid 1. Peptoid 17 had potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that included clinically isolated multi-drug-resistant pathogens. Compared to pexiganan AMP, 17 showed superior metabolic stability, which could potentially reduce the dosage needed, alleviating toxicity. Dye-uptake assays and high-resolution imaging revealed that the antimicrobial activity of 17 was, as with many AMPs, mainly due to membrane disruption. However, the high selectivity of 17 reflected its unique conformational characteristics, with differential interactions between bacterial and erythrocyte membranes. Our results suggest a way to distinguish different membrane compositions solely by helicity modulation, thereby improving the selectivity toward bacterial cells with the maintenance of potent and broad-spectrum activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiyoun Lee
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Reidar Lund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo 0315, Norway
| | - Håvard Jenssen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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19
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Kumar SD, Shin SY. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of short dodecapeptides derived from duck cathelicidin: Plausible mechanism of bactericidal action and endotoxin neutralization. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunhee Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School Chosun University Gwangju 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungtae Yang
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School Chosun University Gwangju 61452 Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine Chosun University Gwangju 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School Chosun University Gwangju 61452 Republic of Korea
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine School of Medicine, Chosun University Gwangju 61452 Republic of Korea
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21
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Kim EY, Kumar SD, Bang JK, Shin SY. Mechanisms of antimicrobial and antiendotoxin activities of a triazine‐based amphipathic polymer. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3508-3521. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - S. Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) Ochang Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
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22
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Gunasekaran P, Kim EY, Lee J, Ryu EK, Shin SY, Bang JK. Synthesis of Fmoc-Triazine Amino Acids and Its Application in the Synthesis of Short Antibacterial Peptidomimetics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103602. [PMID: 32443730 PMCID: PMC7279249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To combat the escalating rise of antibacterial resistance, the development of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with a unique mode of action is considered an attractive strategy. However, proteolytic degradation of AMPs remains the greatest challenge in their transformation into therapeutics. Herein, we synthesized Fmoc-triazine amino acids that differ from each other by anchoring either cationic or hydrophobic residues. These unnatural amino acids were adopted for solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) to synthesize a series of amphipathic antimicrobial peptidomimetics. From the antimicrobial screening, we found that the trimer, BJK-4 is the most potent short antimicrobial peptidomimetic without showing hemolytic activity and it displayed enhanced proteolytic stability. Moreover, the mechanism of action to kill bacteria was found to be an intracellular targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pethaiah Gunasekaran
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang 28119, Korea; (P.G.); (J.L.); (E.K.R.)
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (E.Y.K.); (S.Y.S.)
| | - Jian Lee
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang 28119, Korea; (P.G.); (J.L.); (E.K.R.)
| | - Eun Kyoung Ryu
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang 28119, Korea; (P.G.); (J.L.); (E.K.R.)
- Department of Bio-analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (E.Y.K.); (S.Y.S.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang 28119, Korea; (P.G.); (J.L.); (E.K.R.)
- Department of Bio-analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-240-5023
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23
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Rajasekaran G, Kumar SD, Yang S, Shin SY. The design of a cell-selective fowlicidin-1-derived peptide with both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gunasekaran P, Fan M, Kim EY, Shin JH, Lee JE, Son EJ, Kim J, Hwang E, Yim MS, Kim EH, Choi YJ, Lee YH, Chung YH, Kim HN, Ryu EK, Shin SY, Kim EK, Bang JK. Amphiphilic Triazine Polymer Derivatives as Antibacterial And Anti-atopic Agents in Mice Model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15161. [PMID: 31641232 PMCID: PMC6805867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the emergence of bacterial resistance and low proteolytic stability of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), herein we developed a series of ultra-short triazine based amphipathic polymers (TZP) that are connected with ethylene diamine linkers instead of protease sensitive amide bond. The most potent oligomers, TZP3 and TZP5 not only displayed potent antibacterial action on various drug-resistant pathogens but also exhibited a strong synergic antibacterial activity in combination with chloramphenicol against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA). Since most of atopic dermatitis (AD) infections are caused by bacterial colonization, we evaluated the potency of TZP3 and TZP5 on AD in vitro and in vivo. In vitro AD analysis of these two polymers showed significant inhibition against the release of β-hexosaminidase and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) from RBL-2H3 cells. In AD-like skin lesions in BALB/c mice model, these two polymers displayed significant potency in suppressing dermal and epidermal thickness, mast cell infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression. Moreover, these polymers exhibited remarkable efficacy over the allergies caused by the imbalance of Th1/Th2 by regulating total IgE and IgG2a. Finally, the impact of treatment effects of these polymers was examined through analyzing the weights and sizes of spleen and lymph node of AD-induced mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pethaiah Gunasekaran
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chung Buk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Meiqi Fan
- Division of Food Bioscience, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Shin
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chung Buk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chung Buk, 28119, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bio-analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Son
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chung Buk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehi Kim
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chung Buk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunha Hwang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chung Buk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Su Yim
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chung Buk, 28119, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bio-analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chung Buk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Choi
- Division of Food Bioscience, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chung Buk, 28119, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bio-analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Chung
- Drug & Disease Target Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chung Buk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Nam Kim
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chung Buk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Ryu
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chung Buk, 28119, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bio-analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Division of Food Bioscience, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chung Buk, 28119, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Bio-analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Cho I, Shin SY, Kim WD, Kim YD, Cha MJ, Jung HG, Won HY, Lee WS, Kim TH, Kim CJ, Kim SW, Choi Y. P997Improving left atrial appendage occluder size determination by using 3-dimensional printing model of the left atrial appendage. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Given the complexity of left atrial appendage (LAA) structure, current 2D based LAA occluder (LAAO) size prediction system using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has limitations.
Objective
To assess the accuracy of LAAO size determination method by implantation simulation using a 3D printed model compared with a conventional method based on TEE.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 57 cases with percutaneous LAAO using Amplatzer Cardiac Plug and Amulet from 2014 to 2018. We excluded cases without cardiac CT (21 cases) or with peri-device leakage or inappropriate position of the device on six months follow up TEE (6 cases), or with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (2 cases). We finally included 28 cases with anatomically and physiologically properly implanted LAAO, using the final size of the implanted devices as a standard for the size prediction accuracy. We generated 3D printing model from cardiac CT images. LAAO size was determined with device implantation simulation using 3D printing model and occluder devices (Figure C), and conventional 2D TEE measurements by two experienced cardiologists who were blinded to the size of the finally implanted device.
Results
The accuracy in size of 3D printed left atrium (LA) models, compared with CT image sources, were validated by measuring the distance between artifacts which were intentionally implanted to LA model during image processing. There was minimal bias (−0.11 mm) between 3D images and printed LA models (Figure A). As plotted in Figure B, LAAO sizing by implantation simulation with 3D printing model showed excellent agreement with actually implanted LAAO size (r=0.927; bias=0.7±2.5), while LAAO sizing by 2D TEE measurements remained poor (r=0.544; bias 2.3±6.7).
Conclusions
LAAO size determination by using 3D printing model of LAA showed excellent accuracy. A prospective study to evaluate the clinical utility of this method should be done in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Cho
- Chung-Ang University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Y Shin
- Chung-Ang University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - W D Kim
- Chung Ang University, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y D Kim
- Chung Ang University, College of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - M J Cha
- Chung-Ang University Hospital, Department of Radiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H G Jung
- Chung Ang University, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H Y Won
- Chung-Ang University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - W S Lee
- Chung-Ang University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - T H Kim
- Chung-Ang University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - C J Kim
- Chung-Ang University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S W Kim
- Chung-Ang University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y Choi
- Chung Ang University, College of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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Lim HE, Ahn J, Han SJ, Shim J, Kim YH, Choi EK, Oh S, Shin SY, Lip GYH. P1026Risk factors for the occurrence of stroke after atrial fibrillation ablation. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Risk factors for the occurrence of embolic stroke (ES) after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation have not been fully elucidated. Our aim was to assess incidence of ES during long-term follow-up following AF ablation and to identify predicting factors associated with post-ablation ES.
Methods
We enrolled patients who experienced ES after AF ablation and body mass index-matched controls from AF ablation registries. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) was assessed using multislice computed tomography prior to ablation.
Results
A total of 3,464 patients who underwent AF ablation were recruited. During a mean follow-up of 47.2 months, ES occurred in 47 patients (1.36%) with a mean CHA2DS2-VAS score of 2.15 and overall incidence of ES was 0.34 per 100 patients/year. Compared with control group (n=190), ES group had more higher prior thromboembolic event and AF recurrence rates, larger LA size, lower creatinine clearance rate (CCr), and greater total and periatrial EAT volumes although no differences in AF type, CHA2DS2-VASc score, ablation extent, and anti-thrombotics use were found. On multivariate regression analysis, a prior history of thromboembolism, CCr, and periatrial EAT volume were independently associated with ES occurrence after AF ablation.
Cox regression analysis Risk factor Univariate Multivariate HR (95% CI) p value HR (95% CI) p value Age 1.017 (0.984–1.051) 0.31 Prior thromboembolism 2.488 (1.134–5.460) 0.023 2.916 (1.178–7.219) 0.021 CHA2DS2-VASc score 1.139 (0.899–1.445) 0.282 CCr 0.984 (0.970–0.999) 0.038 0.982 (0.996–0.998) 0.029 LA diameter (mm) 1.070 (1.012–1.130) 0.017 1.072 (0.999–1.150) 0.054 EAT_total (ml) 1.020 (1.010–1.029) <0.001 1.008 (0.993–1.023) 0.297 EAT_periatrial (ml) 1.085 (1.045–1.126) <0.001 1.065 (1.005–1.128) 0.032 PVI + additional ablation 0.846 (0.460–1.557) 0.592 No anticoagulant use 0.651 (0.346–1.226) 0.184 Recurrence 2.011 (1.007–4.013) 0.048 1.240 (0.551–2.793) 0.603 CCr, creatinine clearance rate; EAT, epicardial adipose tissue; LA, left atrium; PVI, pulmonary vein isolation.
K-M curve for stroke-free survival
Conclusions
Incidence of ES after AF ablation was lower than expected rate based on CHA2DS2-VASc score even though anticoagulants use was limited. Periatrial EAT volume, a prior thromboembolism event, and CCr were independent factors in predicting ES irrespective of AF recurrence and CHA2DS2-VASc score in patients who underwent AF ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Lim
- Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Cardiology, Anyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Ahn
- Pusan National University Hospital, Cardiology, Pusan, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S J Han
- Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Cardiology, Anyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Shim
- Korea University Anam Hospital, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y H Kim
- Korea University Anam Hospital, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - E K Choi
- Seoul National University Hospital, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Oh
- Seoul National University Hospital, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Y Shin
- Chung-Ang University Hospital, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - G Y H Lip
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Cardiovascular Science Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Yang S, Lee CW, Kim HJ, Jung HH, Kim JI, Shin SY, Shin SH. Structural analysis and mode of action of BMAP-27, a cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide. Peptides 2019; 118:170106. [PMID: 31226350 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BMAP-27, a member of cathelicidin family, plays an important role against microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. BMAP-27 may exert antimicrobial effects through membrane integrity disruption, but the exact molecular mechanism remains unclear. To identify the structural features important for antimicrobial activity and propose a mechanism underlying antibacterial effects, we determined the nuclear magnetic resonance structure of BMAP-27 in a membrane-mimetic environment and investigated its interactions with lipid membranes. BMAP-27 exhibited a long N-terminal α-helix with faces patterned into aromatic and cationic regions, central kink, and short hydrophobic C-terminal helix. While the N-terminal 18-residue peptide (BMAP-18) exerted only antibacterial activity, BMAP-27 showed potent activity against bacteria and cancer cells. Both peptides inhibited bacterial growth, but BMAP-18 showed delayed bactericidal activity and BMAP-27 completely killed bacteria within 20 min. The differences in antimicrobial activities and microbicidal kinetics may be associated with membrane permeabilisation; BMAP-27 rapidly and largely disrupted membrane integrity, whereas BMAP-18 showed low membrane disruption activity. Thus, the N-terminal helix is sufficient to inhibit bacterial growth and the C-terminal helix is involved in membrane permeabilisation for rapid bactericidal and efficient anticancer activities. The structural and functional characterisation of BMAP-27 may encourage the development of novel antimicrobial/anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungtae Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea.
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Hak Jun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ho Jung
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Jae Il Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea
| | - Sung-Heui Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea.
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28
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Rajasekaran G, Kumar SD, Yang S, Shin SY. Improving Cell Selectivity of Fowlicidin‐1 by Swapping Residues between Pro‐7 and Tyr‐20. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Rajasekaran
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, School of MedicineChosun University Gwangju 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - S. Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, School of MedicineChosun University Gwangju 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungtae Yang
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, School of MedicineChosun University Gwangju 61452 Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineChosun University Gwangju 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, School of MedicineChosun University Gwangju 61452 Republic of Korea
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of MedicineChosun University Gwangju 61452 Republic of Korea
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29
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Gunasekaran P, Rajasekaran G, Han EH, Chung YH, Choi YJ, Yang YJ, Lee JE, Kim HN, Lee K, Kim JS, Lee HJ, Choi EJ, Kim EK, Shin SY, Bang JK. Cationic Amphipathic Triazines with Potent Anti-bacterial, Anti-inflammatory and Anti-atopic Dermatitis Properties. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1292. [PMID: 30718691 PMCID: PMC6361992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria forces the therapeutic world into a position, where the development of new and alternative kind of antibiotics is highly important. Herein, we report the development of triazine-based amphiphilic small molecular antibacterial agents as mimics of lysine- and arginine-based cationic peptide antibiotics (CPAs). These compounds were screened against a panel of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Further, anti-inflammatory evaluation of these compounds led to the identification of four efficient compounds, DG-5, DG-6, DL-5, and DL-6. These compounds displayed significant potency against drug-resistant bacteria, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRPA), and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VREF). Mechanistic studies, including cytoplasmic membrane depolarization, confocal imaging and flow cytometry suggest that DG-5, DG-6, and DL-5 kill bacteria by targeting bacterial membrane, while DL-6 follows intracellular targeting mechanism. We also demonstrate that these molecules have therapeutic potential by showing the efficiency of DG-5 in preventing the lung inflammation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model. More interestingly, DL-6 exhibited impressive potency on atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions in BALB/c mice model by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, these results suggest that they can serve a new class of antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-atopic agents with promising therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pethaiah Gunasekaran
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chung Buk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesan Rajasekaran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Han
- Drug & Disease Target Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Chung
- Drug & Disease Target Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Choi
- Division of Food Bioscience, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Yang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chung Buk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chung Buk, 28119, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bio-analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Nam Kim
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chung Buk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiram Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Division of Food Bioscience, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea.
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chung Buk, 28119, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Bio-analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Nam J, Yun H, Rajasekaran G, Kumar SD, Kim JI, Min HJ, Shin SY, Lee CW. Structural and Functional Assessment of mBjAMP1, an Antimicrobial Peptide from Branchiostoma japonicum, Revealed a Novel α-Hairpinin-like Scaffold with Membrane Permeable and DNA Binding Activity. J Med Chem 2018; 61:11101-11113. [PMID: 30475621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the three-dimensional structure and antimicrobial mechanism of mBjAMP1, an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) isolated from Branchiostoma japonicum. The structure of mBjAMP1 was determined by 2D solution NMR spectroscopy and revealed a novel α-hairpinin-like scaffold stabilized by an intramolecular disulfide bond. mBjAMP1 showed effective growth inhibition and bactericidal activities against pathogenic bacteria but was not cytotoxic to mammalian cells. Antimicrobial mechanism studies using fluorescence-based experiments demonstrated that mBjAMP1 did not disrupt membrane integrity. Laser-scanning confocal microscopy indicated that mBjAMP1 is able to penetrate the bacterial cell membrane without causing membrane disruption. Moreover, gel retardation assay suggested that mBjAMP1 directly binds to bacterial DNA as an intracellular target. Collectively, mBjAMP1 may inhibit biological functions by binding to DNA or RNA after penetrating the bacterial cell membrane, thereby causing cell death. These results suggest that mBjAMP1 may present a promising template for the development of peptide-based antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Nam
- Department of Chemistry , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186 , Republic of Korea.,Natural Constituents Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Gangneung 25451 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosuk Yun
- Department of Chemistry , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesan Rajasekaran
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine , Chosun University , Gwangju 61452 , Republic of Korea
| | - S Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine , Chosun University , Gwangju 61452 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Il Kim
- Department of Life Science , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Min
- Department of Cosmetic Science , Kwangju Women's University , Gwangju 62396 , Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine , Chosun University , Gwangju 61452 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186 , Republic of Korea
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31
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Rajasekaran G, Shin SY. Fowlicidin-3 Analog with Improved Cell Selectivity Synthesized by Shifting a PXXP Motif from the N-Terminus to a Central Position. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Rajasekaran
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine; School of Medicine, Chosun University; Gwangju 501-759 Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine; School of Medicine, Chosun University; Gwangju 501-759 Republic of Korea
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Ha EJ, Baek SM, Baek JH, Shin SY, Han M, Kim CH. Efficacy and Safety of Ethanol Ablation for Branchial Cleft Cysts. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:2351-2356. [PMID: 28970243 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Branchial cleft cyst is a common congenital lesion of the neck. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of ethanol ablation as an alternative treatment to surgery for branchial cleft cyst. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between September 2006 and October 2016, ethanol ablation was performed in 22 patients who refused an operation for a second branchial cleft cyst. After the exclusion of 2 patients who were lost to follow-up, the data of 20 patients were retrospectively evaluated. All index masses were confirmed as benign before treatment. Sonography-guided aspiration of the cystic fluid was followed by injection of absolute ethanol (99%) into the lesion. The injected volume of ethanol was 50%-80% of the volume of fluid aspirated. Therapeutic outcome, including the volume reduction ratio, therapeutic success rate (volume reduction ratio of >50% and/or no palpable mass), and complications, was evaluated. RESULTS The mean index volume of the cysts was 26.4 ± 15.7 mL (range, 3.8-49.9 mL). After ablation, the mean volume of the cysts decreased to 1.2 ± 1.1 mL (range, 0.0-3.5 mL). The mean volume reduction ratio at last follow-up was 93.9% ± 7.9% (range, 75.5%-100.0%; P < .001). Therapeutic success was achieved in all nodules (20/20, 100%), and the symptomatic (P < .001) and cosmetic (P < .001) scores had improved significantly by the last follow-up. In 1 patient, intracystic hemorrhage developed during the aspiration; however, no major complications occurred in any patient. CONCLUSIONS Ethanol ablation is an effective and safe treatment for patients with branchial cleft cysts who refuse, or are ineligible for, an operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Ha
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.J.H., M.H.)
| | - S M Baek
- Department of Radiology (S.M.B., S.Y.S.), Sharing and Happiness Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - J H Baek
- Department of Radiology and Research (J.H.B.), Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Y Shin
- Department of Radiology (S.M.B., S.Y.S.), Sharing and Happiness Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - M Han
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.J.H., M.H.)
| | - C-H Kim
- Otolaryngology (C.-H.K.), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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33
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Kim EY, Rajasekaran G, Shin SY. LL-37-derived short antimicrobial peptide KR-12-a5 and its d -amino acid substituted analogs with cell selectivity, anti-biofilm activity, synergistic effect with conventional antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 136:428-441. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Gunasekaran P, Lee SR, Jeong SM, Kwon JW, Takei T, Asahina Y, Bang G, Kim S, Ahn M, Ryu EK, Kim HN, Nam KY, Shin SY, Hojo H, Namgoong S, Kim NH, Bang JK. Cover Picture: Pyrrole-Based Macrocyclic Small-Molecule Inhibitors That Target Oocyte Maturation (ChemMedChem 8/2017). ChemMedChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pethaiah Gunasekaran
- Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences; Chungbuk National University; Chung-Buk 361-763 Republic of Korea
| | - So-Rim Lee
- Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences; Chungbuk National University; Chung-Buk 361-763 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Jeong
- Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences; Chungbuk National University; Chung-Buk 361-763 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Kwon
- Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences; Chungbuk National University; Chung-Buk 361-763 Republic of Korea
| | - Toshiki Takei
- Institute for Protein Research; Osaka University; 3-2 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yuya Asahina
- Institute for Protein Research; Osaka University; 3-2 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Geul Bang
- Biomedical Omics Group; Korea Basic Science Institute; Ochang Chung-Buk 363-883 Republic of Korea
| | - Seongnyeon Kim
- Biomedical Omics Group; Korea Basic Science Institute; Ochang Chung-Buk 363-883 Republic of Korea
| | - Mija Ahn
- Division of Magnetic Resonance; Korea Basic Science Institute; Ochang Chung-Buk 363-883 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Ryu
- Division of Magnetic Resonance; Korea Basic Science Institute; Ochang Chung-Buk 363-883 Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-analytical Science; University of Science & Technology; Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Nam Kim
- Division of Magnetic Resonance; Korea Basic Science Institute; Ochang Chung-Buk 363-883 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Yub Nam
- Pharos I&BT Co. Ltd.; Gyeonggi-do 14059 Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School and Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine; School of Medicine, Chosun University; Gwangju 501-759 Republic of Korea
| | - Hironobu Hojo
- Institute for Protein Research; Osaka University; 3-2 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Suk Namgoong
- Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences; Chungbuk National University; Chung-Buk 361-763 Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences; Chungbuk National University; Chung-Buk 361-763 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance; Korea Basic Science Institute; Ochang Chung-Buk 363-883 Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-analytical Science; University of Science & Technology; Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea
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Gunasekaran P, Lee SR, Jeong SM, Kwon JW, Takei T, Asahina Y, Bang G, Kim S, Ahn M, Ryu EK, Kim HN, Nam KY, Shin SY, Hojo H, Namgoong S, Kim NH, Bang JK. Pyrrole-Based Macrocyclic Small-Molecule Inhibitors That Target Oocyte Maturation. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:580-589. [PMID: 28296169 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) plays crucial roles in various stages of oocyte maturation. Recently, we reported that the peptidomimetic compound AB103-8, which targets the polo box domain (PBD) of PLK1, affects oocyte meiotic maturation and the resumption of meiosis. However, to overcome the drawbacks of peptidic compounds, we designed and synthesized a series of pyrrole-based small-molecule inhibitors and tested them for their effects on the rates of porcine oocyte maturation. Among them, the macrocyclic compound (E/Z)-3-(2,16-dioxo-19-(4-phenylbutyl)-3,19-diazabicyclo[15.2.1]icosa-1(20),6,17-trien-3-yl)propyl dihydrogen phosphate (4) showed the highest inhibitory activity with enhanced inhibition against embryonic blastocyst formation. Furthermore, the addition of this compound to culture media efficiently blocked the maturation of porcine and mouse oocytes, indicating its ability to penetrate the zona pellucida and cell membrane. We investigated mouse oocytes treated with compound 4, and the resulting impairment of spindle formation confirmed PLK1 inhibition. Finally, molecular modeling studies with PLK1 PBD also confirmed the presence of significant interactions between compound 4 and PLK1 PBD binding pocket residues, including those in the phosphate, tyrosine-rich, and pyrrolidine binding pockets. Collectively, these results suggest that the macrocyclic compound 4 may serve as a promising template for the development of novel contraceptive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pethaiah Gunasekaran
- Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chung-Buk, 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Rim Lee
- Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chung-Buk, 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Jeong
- Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chung-Buk, 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Kwon
- Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chung-Buk, 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Toshiki Takei
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuya Asahina
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Geul Bang
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung-Buk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongnyeon Kim
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung-Buk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Mija Ahn
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung-Buk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Ryu
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung-Buk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Nam Kim
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung-Buk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Yub Nam
- Pharos I&BT Co. Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, 14059, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School and Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Hironobu Hojo
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Suk Namgoong
- Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chung-Buk, 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chung-Buk, 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung-Buk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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Min HJ, Yun H, Ji S, Rajasekaran G, Kim JI, Kim JS, Shin SY, Lee CW. Rattusin structure reveals a novel defensin scaffold formed by intermolecular disulfide exchanges. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45282. [PMID: 28345637 PMCID: PMC5366907 DOI: 10.1038/srep45282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Defensin peptides are essential for innate immunity in humans and other living systems, as they provide protection against infectious pathogens and regulate the immune response. Here, we report the solution structure of rattusin (RTSN), an α-defensin-related peptide, which revealed a novel C2-symmetric disulfide-linked dimeric structure. RTSN was synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and refolded by air oxidation in vitro. Dimerization of the refolded RTSN (r-RTSN) resulted from five intermolecular disulfide (SS) bond exchanges formed by ten cysteines within two protomer chains. The SS bond pairings of r-RTSN were determined by mass analysis of peptide fragments cleaved by trypsin digestion. In addition to mass analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments for a C15S mutant and r-RTSN confirmed that the intermolecular SS bond structure of r-RTSN showed an I-V', II-IV', III-III', IV-II', V-I' arrangement. The overall structure of r-RTSN exhibited a cylindrical array, similar to that of β-sandwich folds, with a highly basic surface. Furthermore, fluorescence spectroscopy results suggest that r-RTSN exerts bactericidal activity by damaging membrane integrity. Collectively, these results provide a novel structural scaffold for designing highly potent peptide-based antibiotics suitable for use under various physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jung Min
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Cosmetics, Kwangju Women's University, Gwangju 62396, South Korea
| | - Hyosuk Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Sehyeon Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Ganesan Rajasekaran
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Jae Il Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Sun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
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Rajasekaran G, Kim EY, Shin SY. LL-37-derived membrane-active FK-13 analogs possessing cell selectivity, anti-biofilm activity and synergy with chloramphenicol and anti-inflammatory activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2017; 1859:722-733. [PMID: 28161291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the human-derived antimicrobial peptide (AMP) LL-37 has potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, its therapeutic application is limited by its low cell selectivity and high production cost due to its large size. To overcome these problems, we tried to develop novel LL-37-derived short α-helical AMPs with improved cell selectivity and without a significant loss of anti-inflammatory activity relative to that of parental LL-37. Using amino acid substitution, we designed and synthesized a series of FK13 analogs based on the sequence of the 13-meric short FK13 peptide (residues 17-29 of LL-37) that has been identified as the region responsible for the antimicrobial activity of LL-37. Among the designed FK13 analogs, FK-13-a1 and FK-13-a7 showed high cell selectivity and retained the anti-inflammatory activity. The therapeutic index (a measure of cell selectivity) of FK-13-a1 and FK-13-a7 was 6.3- and 2.3-fold that of parental LL-37, respectively. Furthermore, FK-13-a1 and FK-13-a7 displayed more potent antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria including MRSA, MDRPA, and VREF, than did LL-37. In addition, FK-13-a1 and FK-13-a7 exhibited greater synergistic effects with chloramphenicol against MRSA and MDRPA and were more effective anti-biofilm agents against MDRPA than LL-37 was. Moreover, FK-13-a1 and FK-13-a7 maintained their activities in the presence of physiological salts and human serum. SYTOX green uptake, membrane depolarization and killing kinetics revealed that FK13-a1 and FK13-a7 kills microbial cells by permeabilizing the cell membrane and damaging membrane integrity. Taken together, our results suggest that FK13-a1 and FK13-a7 can be developed as novel antimicrobial/anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Rajasekaran
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea.
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Shin SY, Pozzi A, Boyd SK, Clark AL. Integrin α1β1 protects against signs of post-traumatic osteoarthritis in the female murine knee partially via regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1795-1806. [PMID: 27211864 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of integrin α1β1 in the progression of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), and elucidate the contribution of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling to the mechanism by which integrin α1β1 might control PTOA. We hypothesised that integrin α1β1 plays a protective role in the course of PTOA and that the effect of PTOA (e.g., synovitis, loss of cartilage and growth of osteophytes) would be exacerbated in mice lacking integrin α1β1 at every time point post destabilisation of medial meniscus (DMM). METHODS DMM or sham surgery was performed on integrin α1-null and wild type (WT) mice and the progression of PTOA analysed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-surgery (PS) using micro-computed tomography (microCT), histology, and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the effects of EGFR blockade were examined by treating the mice with the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib. RESULTS Integrin α1-null female, but not male, mice showed earlier cartilage degradation post DMM surgery compared to WT controls. Furthermore, erlotinib treatment resulted in significantly less cartilage damage in integrin α1-null but not WT mice. Independent of genotype, erlotinib treatment significantly mitigated the effects of PTOA on many tissues of female mice including meniscal and fabella bone volume, subchondral bone thickness and density and cartilage degradation. In contrast, reduced EGFR signalling had little effect on signs of PTOA in male mice. CONCLUSION Integrin α1β1 protects against PTOA-induced cartilage degradation in female mice partially via the reduction of EGFR signalling. Furthermore, reduction of EGFR signalling protects against the development of PTOA in female, but not male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Shin
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - A Pozzi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - S K Boyd
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - A L Clark
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Jeong MC, Jeon D, Shin A, Jin S, Shin SY, Park YS, Kim Y. Effects of Hydrophobic Peptoid Substitutions on the Bacterial Cell Selectivity and Antimicrobial Activity of Piscidin 1. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cheol Jeong
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Dasom Jeon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Areum Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Sodam Jin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; School of Medicine, Chosun University; Gwangju 501-759 Korea
| | - Yong Sun Park
- Department of Chemistry; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Yangmee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
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Ahn M, Gunasekaran P, Rajasekaran G, Kim EY, Lee SJ, Bang G, Cho K, Hyun JK, Lee HJ, Jeon YH, Kim NH, Ryu EK, Shin SY, Bang JK. Pyrazole derived ultra-short antimicrobial peptidomimetics with potent anti-biofilm activity. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 125:551-564. [PMID: 27718471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report on the first chemical synthesis of ultra-short pyrazole-arginine based antimicrobial peptidomimetics derived from the newly synthesized N-alkyl/aryl pyrazole amino acids. Through the systematic tuning of hydrophobicity, charge, and peptide length, we identified the shortest peptide Py11 with the most potent antimicrobial activity. Py11 displayed greater antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including MRSA, MDRPA, and VREF, which was approximately 2-4 times higher than that of melittin. Besides its higher selectivity (therapeutic index) toward bacterial cells than LL-37, Py11 showed highly increased proteolytic stability against trypsin digestion and maintained its antimicrobial activity in the presence of physiological salts. Interestingly, Py11 exhibited higher anti-biofilm activity against MDRPA compared to LL-37. The results from fluorescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) suggested that Py11 kills bacterial cells possibly by integrity disruption damaging the cell membrane, leading to the cytosol leakage and eventual cell lysis. Furthermore, Py11 displayed significant anti-inflammatory (endotoxin-neutralizing) activity by inhibiting LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α. Collectively, our results suggest that Py11 may serve as a model compound for the design of antimicrobial and antisepsis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mija Ahn
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung-Buk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Pethaiah Gunasekaran
- Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chung-Buk, 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesan Rajasekaran
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School and Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School and Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Geul Bang
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung-Buk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Cho
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung-Buk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Hyun
- Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, 113 Gwahakro, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Lee
- Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, 113 Gwahakro, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-Ro, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chung-Buk, 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Ryu
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung-Buk, 363-883, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School and Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung-Buk, 363-883, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Ramasamy VS, Islam MI, Haque MA, Shin SY, Park IS. β-Amyloid induces nuclear protease-mediated lamin fragmentation independent of caspase activation. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1863:1189-99. [PMID: 26876308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
β-Amyloid (Aβ), a hallmark peptide of Alzheimer's disease, induces both caspase-dependent apoptosis and non-apoptotic cell death. In this study, we examined caspase-independent non-apoptotic cell death preceding caspase activation in Aβ42-treated cells. We first determined the optimal treatment conditions for inducing cell death without caspase activation and selected a double-treatment method involving the incubation of cells with Aβ42 for 4 and 6 h (4+6 h sample). We observed that levels of lamin A (LA) and lamin B (LB) were reduced in the 4+6 h samples. This reduction was decreased by treatment with suc-AAPF-CMK, an inhibitor of nuclear scaffold (NS) protease, but not by treatment with z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor. In addition, suc-AAPF-CMK decreased the changes in nuclear morphology observed in cells in the 4+6 h samples, which were different from nuclear fragmentation observed in STS-treated cells. Furthermore, suc-AAPF-CMK inhibited cell death in the 4+6 h samples. LA and LB fragmentation occurred in the isolated nuclei and was also inhibited by suc-AAPF-CMK. Together, these data indicated that the fragmentation of LA and LB in the Aβ42-treated cells was induced by an NS protease, whose identity is not clearly determined yet. A correlation between Aβ42 toxicity and the lamin fragmentation by NS protease suggests that inhibition of the protease could be an effective method for controlling the pathological process of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Sankar Ramasamy
- Department of Bio-Materials Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Imamul Islam
- Department of Bio-Materials Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Aminul Haque
- Department of Bio-Materials Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Bio-Materials Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea; Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Seon Park
- Department of Bio-Materials Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea; Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea.
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Jacob B, Rajasekaran G, Kim EY, Park IS, Bang JK, Shin SY. The stereochemical effect of SMAP-29 and SMAP-18 on bacterial selectivity, membrane interaction and anti-inflammatory activity. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1241-51. [PMID: 26795535 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sheep myeloid antimicrobial peptide-29 (SMAP-29) is a cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide derived from sheep myeloid cells. In order to investigate the effects of L-to-D-amino acid substitution in SMAP-29 on bacterial selectivity, membrane interaction and anti-inflammatory activity, we synthesized its two D-enantiomeric peptides (SMAP-29-E1 and SMAP-29-E2 containing D-Ile and D-allo-Ile, respectively) and two diastereomeric peptides (SMAP-29-D1 and SMAP-29-D2). Additionally, in order to address the effect of L-to-D-amino acid substitution in the N-terminal helical peptide of SMAP-29 (named SMAP-18) on antimicrobial activity, we synthesized its two D-enantiomeric peptides (SMAP-18-E1 and SMAP-18-E2), which are composed of D-amino acids entirely. L-to-D-amino acid substitution in membrane-targeting AMP, SMAP-29 did not affect its antimicrobial activity. However, D-allo-Ile containing-SMAP-29-E2 and SMAP-29-D2 exhibited less hemolytic activity compared to D-Ile containing-SMAP-29-E1 and SMAP-29-D1, respectively. L-to-D-amino acid substitution in intracellular targeting-AMPs, SMAP-18 and buforin-2 improved antimicrobial activity by 2- to eightfold. The improved antimicrobial activity of the D-isomers of SMAP-18 and buforin-2 seems to be due to the stability against proteases inside bacterial cells. Membrane depolarization and dye leakage suggested that the membrane-disruptive mode of SMAP-29-D1 and SMAP-29-D2 is different from that of SMAP-29, SMAP-29-E1, and SMAP-29-E2. L-to-D-amino acid substitution in SMAP-29 improved anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In summary, we propose here that D-allo-Ile substitution is a more powerful strategy for increasing bacterial selectivity than D-Ile substitution in the design of D-enantiomeric and diastereomeric AMPs. SMAP-29-D1, and SMAP-29-D2 with improved bacterial selectivity and anti-inflammatory activity can serve as promising candidates for the development of anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binu Jacob
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesan Rajasekaran
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Seon Park
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, 804-1 Yangchung-ri, Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea.
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.
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Rajasekaran G, Kamalakannan R, Shin SY. Enhancement of the anti-inflammatory activity of temporin-1Tl-derived antimicrobial peptides by tryptophan, arginine and lysine substitutions. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:779-785. [DOI: doi 10.1002/psc.2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Rajasekaran
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School; Chosun University; Gwangju 501-759 Korea
| | | | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School; Chosun University; Gwangju 501-759 Korea
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine; Chosun University; Gwangju 501-759 Korea
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Rajasekaran G, Kamalakannan R, Shin SY. Enhancement of the anti-inflammatory activity of temporin-1Tl-derived antimicrobial peptides by tryptophan, arginine and lysine substitutions. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:779-85. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Rajasekaran
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School; Chosun University; Gwangju 501-759 Korea
| | | | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School; Chosun University; Gwangju 501-759 Korea
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine; Chosun University; Gwangju 501-759 Korea
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Shin A, Lee E, Jeon D, Park YG, Bang JK, Park YS, Shin SY, Kim Y. Peptoid-Substituted Hybrid Antimicrobial Peptide Derived from Papiliocin and Magainin 2 with Enhanced Bacterial Selectivity and Anti-inflammatory Activity. Biochemistry 2015; 54:3921-31. [PMID: 26053120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the host innate immune system. Papiliocin is a 37-residue AMP purified from larvae of the swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus. Magainin 2 is a 23-residue AMP purified from the skin of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis. We designed an 18-residue hybrid peptide (PapMA) incorporating N-terminal residues 1-8 of papiliocin and N-terminal residues 4-12 of magainin 2, joined by a proline (Pro) hinge. PapMA showed high antimicrobial activity but was cytotoxic to mammalian cells. To decrease PapMA cytotoxicity, we designed a lysine (Lys) peptoid analogue, PapMA-k, which retained high antimicrobial activity but displayed cytotoxicity lower than that of PapMA. Fluorescent dye leakage experiments and confocal microscopy showed that PapMA targeted bacterial cell membranes whereas PapMA-k penetrated bacterial cell membranes. Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments revealed that PapMA contained an N-terminal α-helix from Lys(3) to Lys(7) and a C-terminal α-helix from Lys(10) to Lys(17), with a Pro(9) hinge between them. PapMA-k also had two α-helical structures in the same region connected with a flexible hinge residue at Nlys(9), which existed in a dynamic equilibrium of cis and trans conformers. Using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, the anti-inflammatory activity of PapMA and PapMA-k was confirmed by inhibition of nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokine production. In addition, treatment with PapMA and PapMA-k decreased the level of ultraviolet irradiation-induced expression of genes encoding matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Thus, PapMA and PapMA-k are potent peptide antibiotics with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, with PapMA-k displaying enhanced bacterial selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areum Shin
- †Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- †Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Dasom Jeon
- †Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Young-Guen Park
- †Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- ‡Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, 804-1 Yangchung-ri, Ochang, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Park
- §Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- ∥Department of Bio-Materials, Graduate School, and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangmee Kim
- †Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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Kong C, Shin SY, Park CS, Kim BG. Effects of Feeding Barley Naturally Contaminated with Fusarium Mycotoxins on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Blood Chemistry of Gilts and Growth Recoveries by Feeding a Non-contaminated Diet. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:662-70. [PMID: 25715687 PMCID: PMC4412996 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of feeding barley naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on growth performance, vulva swelling, and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein of gilts and the recovery of gilts fed normal diets immediately after the exposure to contaminated diets by measuring growth performance and vulva swelling. In Exp. 1, four diets were prepared to contain 0%, 15%, 30%, or 45% contaminated barley containing 25.7 mg/kg deoxynivalenol and 26.0 μg/kg zearalenone. Sixteen gilts with an initial body weight (BW) of 33.3 kg (standard deviation = 3.0) were individually housed in a metabolism crate and assigned to 4 diets with 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design based on BW. During the 14-d feeding trial, individual BW and feed consumption were measured weekly and the vertical and horizontal lengths of vulva were measured every 3 d. From d 10, feces were collected by the maker-to-marker method for 4 d. Blood samples were collected on d 14. During the overall period, the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain:feed of pigs linearly decreased (p<0.01) as the dietary concentration of contaminated barley increased. However, the digestibility of crude protein was linearly increased (p = 0.011) with the increasing amounts of contaminated barley. Increasing dietary Fusarium mycotoxin concentrations did not influence vulva size, blood characteristic as well as immunoglobulin level of pigs. In the Exp. 2, a corn-soybean meal-based diet was formulated as a recovery diet. Pigs were fed the recovery diet immediately after completion of the Exp. 1. During the 14-d of recovery period, the individual BW and feed consumption were measured weekly and the vertical and horizontal length of vulva were measured every 3 d from d 0. On d 7, the feed intake of pigs previously fed contaminated diets already reached that of pigs fed a diet with 0% contaminated barley and no significant difference in growth performance among treatments was observed during d 7 to 14 of the recovery period. In conclusion, increasing levels of mycotoxins in diets linearly decreased the growth performance of pigs, and these damages can be recovered in 7 d after the diet was replaced with a normal diet. The vulva size, blood characteristic, immune responses were not affected by increasing level of contaminated barley in the diets fed to pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - S Y Shin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - C S Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - B G Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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Ahn M, Han YH, Park JE, Kim S, Lee WC, Lee SJ, Gunasekaran P, Cheong C, Shin SY, Kim HY, Ryu EK, Murugan RN, Kim NH, Bang JK. A new class of peptidomimetics targeting the polo-box domain of Polo-like kinase 1. J Med Chem 2015; 58:294-304. [PMID: 25347203 DOI: 10.1021/jm501147g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the development of peptide-derived Polo-like kinase (Plk1) polo-box domain (PBD) inhibitors has led to the synthesis of multiple peptide ligands with high binding affinity and selectivity. However, few systematic analyses have been conducted to identify key Plk1 residues and characterize their interactions with potent Plk1 peptide inhibitors. We performed systematic deletion analysis using the most potent 4j peptide and studied N-terminal capping of the minimal peptide with diverse organic moieties, leading to the identification of the peptidomimetic 8 (AB-103) series with high binding affinity and selectivity. To evaluate the bioavailability of short peptidomimetic ligands, PEGylated 8 series were synthesized and incubated with HeLa cells to test for cellular uptake, antiproliferative activity, and Plk1 kinase inhibition. Finally, crystallographic studies of the Plk1 PBD in complex with peptidomimetics 8 and 22 (AB-103-5) revealed the presence of two hydrogen bond interactions responsible for their high binding affinity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mija Ahn
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute , 804-1, Yangcheong Ri, Ochang, Chungbuk, Cheongwon 363-883, Republic of Korea
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Lee E, Shin A, Jeong KW, Jin B, Jnawali HN, Shin S, Shin SY, Kim Y. Role of phenylalanine and valine10 residues in the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of piscidin-1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114453. [PMID: 25473836 PMCID: PMC4256409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Piscidin-1 (Pis-1) is a linear antibacterial peptide derived from mast cells of aquacultured hybrid striped bass that comprises 22 amino acids with a phenylalanine-rich amino-terminus. Pis-1 exhibits potent antibacterial activity against pathogens but is not selective for distinguishing between bacterial and mammalian cells. To determine the key residues for its antibacterial activity and those for its cytotoxicity, we investigated the role of each Phe residue near the N-terminus as well as the Val10 residue located near the boundary of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic sectors of the helical wheel diagram. Fluorescence dye leakage and tryptophan fluorescence experiments were used to study peptide-lipid interactions, showing comparable depths of insertion of substituted peptides in different membranes. Phe2 was found to be the most deeply inserted phenylalanine in both bacterial- and mammalian-mimic membranes. Each Phe was substituted with Ala or Lys to investigate its functional role. Phe2 plays key roles in the cytotoxicity as well as the antibacterial activities of Pis-1, and Phe6 is essential for the antibacterial activities of Pis-1. We also designed and synthesized a piscidin analog, Pis-V10K, in which Lys was substituted for Val10, resulting in an elevated amphipathic α-helical structure. Pis-V10K showed similar antibacterial activity (average minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 1.6 µM) to Pis-1 (average MIC = 1.5 µM). However, it exhibited much lower cytotoxicity than Pis-1. Lys10-substituted analogs, Pis-F1K/V10K, Pis-F2K/V10K, and Pis-F6K/V10K in which Lys was substituted for Phe retained antibacterial activity toward standard and drug-resistant bacterial strains with novel bacterial cell selectivity. They exert anti-inflammatory activities via inhibition of nitric oxide production, TNF-α secretion, and MIP-1 and MIP-2 production. They may disrupt the binding of LPS to toll-like receptors, eventually suppressing MAPKs-mediated signaling pathways. These peptides may be good candidates for the development of peptide antibiotics with potent antibacterial activity but without cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Areum Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Woong Jeong
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bongwhan Jin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hum Nath Jnawali
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soyoung Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Research Center for Proteineous Materials and Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yangmee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Shin SY. Effect of Double Replacement of L-Pro, D-Pro, D-Leu or Nleu in Hydrophobic Face of Amphipathic α-Helical Model Antimicrobial Peptide on Structure, Cell Selectivity and Mechanism of Action. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.11.3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ahn M, Rajasekaran G, Gunasekaran P, Ryu EK, Lee GH, Hyun JK, Cheong C, Kim NH, Shin SY, Bang JK. Enhancement of Antibacterial Activity of Short Tryptophan-rich Antimicrobial Peptide Pac-525 by Replacing Trp with His(chx). B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.9.2818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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