1
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Gunasekaran P, Hwang YS, Lee GH, Park J, Kim JG, La YK, Park NY, Kothandaraman R, Yim MS, Choi J, Kim HN, Park IY, Lee SJ, Kim MH, Cha-Molstad H, Shin SY, Ryu EK, Bang JK. Degradation of Polo-like Kinase 1 by the Novel Poly-Arginine N-Degron Pathway PROTAC Regulates Tumor Growth in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3307-3320. [PMID: 38105611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), which is crucial in cell cycle regulation, is considered a promising anticancer drug target. Herein, we present the N-degron pathway-based proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) for PLK1 degradation, targeting the Polo-box domain (PBD). We identified DD-2 as the most potent PROTAC that selectively induces PLK1 degradation in cancer cells, including HeLa and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), through the N-degron pathway. DD-2 exhibited significant in vitro anticancer effects, inducing G2/M arrest and apoptosis in HeLa and NSCLC cell lines. DD-2 showed significant tumor growth inhibition in a xenograft mouse model using HeLa and NSCLC cell lines, highlighting its potential in cancer treatment. Furthermore, the combination of DD-2 with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), osimertinib, effectively suppressed tumor growth in double-mutated H1975 cell lines, emphasizing DD-2's potential in combination cancer therapies. Collectively, this study demonstrates the potential of the N-degron pathway, especially using DD-2, for targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pethaiah Gunasekaran
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
- Dandicure Inc, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Sil Hwang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
- Dandicure Inc, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Gong-Hyeon Lee
- Dandicure Inc, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehui Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Gi Kim
- Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Kyung La
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Yeong Park
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Min Su Yim
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhyeok Choi
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Nam Kim
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Yeong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Ryu
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
- Dandicure Inc, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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2
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Seo T, Han G, Cha-Molstad H. N-Terminal Arginylation Pull-down Analysis Using the R-Catcher Tool. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2620:219-228. [PMID: 37010765 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2942-0_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginylation is a unique and under-explored posttranslational modification, which governs many biological functions and the fate of affected proteins. Since ATE1 was discovered in 1963, a central tenet of protein arginylation is that arginylated proteins are destined for proteolysis. However, recent studies have shown that protein arginylation controls not only the half-life of a protein but also various signaling pathways. Here, we introduce a novel molecular tool to elucidate protein arginylation. This new tool, termed R-catcher, is derived from the ZZ domain of p62/sequestosome-1, an N-recognin of the N-degron pathway. The ZZ domain, which has been shown to strongly bind N-terminal arginine, has been modified at specific residues to increase specificity and affinity for N-terminal arginine. R-catcher is a powerful analysis tool allowing researchers to capture the cellular arginylation patterns under various stimuli and conditions, thereby identifying potential therapeutic targets in numerous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewook Seo
- Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Biologics Research and Discovery Team, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Company, Hwaseong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Goeun Han
- Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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3
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Seo T, Kim J, Shin HC, Kim JG, Ju S, Nawale L, Han G, Lee HS, Bang G, Kim JY, Bang JK, Lee KH, Soung NK, Hwang J, Lee C, Kim SJ, Kim BY, Cha-Molstad H. Correction to: R-catcher, a potent molecular tool to unveil the arginylome. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7085-7086. [PMID: 34570245 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03915-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taewook Seo
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyo Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Chul Shin
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Gi Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinyeong Ju
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.,KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Laxman Nawale
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Goeun Han
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seon Lee
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geul Bang
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak-Kyun Soung
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonsung Hwang
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.,KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Kim
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea. .,Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Kyun ML, Kim SO, Lee HG, Hwang JA, Hwang J, Soung NK, Cha-Molstad H, Lee S, Kwon YT, Kim BY, Lee KH. Wnt3a Stimulation Promotes Primary Ciliogenesis through β-Catenin Phosphorylation-Induced Reorganization of Centriolar Satellites. Cell Rep 2021; 30:1447-1462.e5. [PMID: 32023461 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilium is an antenna-like microtubule-based cellular sensing structure. Abnormal regulation of the dynamic assembly and disassembly cycle of primary cilia is closely related to ciliopathy and cancer. The Wnt signaling pathway plays a major role in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, and defects in Wnt signaling are associated with a variety of human diseases, including cancer. In this study, we provide direct evidence of Wnt3a-induced primary ciliogenesis, which includes a continuous pathway showing that the stimulation of Wnt3a, a canonical Wnt ligand, promotes the generation of β-catenin p-S47 epitope by CK1δ, and these events lead to the reorganization of centriolar satellites resulting in primary ciliogenesis. We have also confirmed the application of our findings in MCF-7/ADR cells, a multidrug-resistant tumor cell model. Thus, our data provide a Wnt3a-induced primary ciliogenesis pathway and may provide a clue on how to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Lang Kyun
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Sun-Ok Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ah Hwang
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joonsung Hwang
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak-Kyun Soung
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangku Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Kyung Ho Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Seo T, Kim J, Shin HC, Kim JG, Ju S, Nawale L, Han G, Lee HS, Bang G, Kim JY, Bang JK, Lee KH, Soung NK, Hwang J, Lee C, Kim SJ, Kim BY, Cha-Molstad H. R-catcher, a potent molecular tool to unveil the arginylome. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3725-3741. [PMID: 33687501 PMCID: PMC8038991 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginylation is a critical regulator of a variety of biological processes. The ability to uncover the global arginylation pattern and its associated signaling pathways would enable us to identify novel disease targets. Here, we report the development of a tool able to capture the N-terminal arginylome. This tool, termed R-catcher, is based on the ZZ domain of p62, which was previously shown to bind N-terminally arginylated proteins. Mutating the ZZ domain enhanced its binding specificity and affinity for Nt-Arg. R-catcher pulldown coupled to LC-MS/MS led to the identification of 59 known and putative arginylated proteins. Among these were a subgroup of novel ATE1-dependent arginylated ER proteins that are linked to diverse biological pathways, including cellular senescence and vesicle-mediated transport as well as diseases, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. This study presents the first molecular tool that allows the unbiased identification of arginylated proteins, thereby unlocking the arginylome and provide a new path to disease biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewook Seo
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyo Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Chul Shin
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Gi Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinyeong Ju
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.,KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Laxman Nawale
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Goeun Han
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seon Lee
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geul Bang
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak-Kyun Soung
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonsung Hwang
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.,KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Kim
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea. .,Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Han HJ, Park C, Hwang J, N.R. T, Kim SO, Han J, Woo M, B S, Ryoo IJ, Lee KH, Cha-Molstad H, Kwon YT, Kim BY, Soung NK. CPPF, A Novel Microtubule Targeting Anticancer Agent, Inhibits the Growth of a Wide Variety of Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134800. [PMID: 32645923 PMCID: PMC7370279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past, several microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) have been developed into successful anticancer drugs. However, the usage of these drugs has been limited by the acquisition of drug resistance in many cancers. Therefore, there is a constant demand for the development of new therapeutic drugs. Here we report the discovery of 5-5 (3-cchlorophenyl)-N-(3-pyridinyl)-2-furamide (CPPF), a novel microtubule targeting anticancer agent. Using both 2D and 3D culture systems, we showed that CPPF was able to suppress the proliferation of diverse cancer cell lines. In addition, CPPF was able to inhibit the growth of multidrug-resistant cell lines that are resistant to other MTAs, such as paclitaxel and colchicine. Our results showed that CPPF inhibited growth by depolymerizing microtubules leading to mitotic arrest and apoptosis. We also confirmed CPPF anticancer effects in vivo using both a mouse xenograft and a two-step skin cancer mouse model. Using established zebrafish models, we showed that CPPF has low toxicity in vivo. Overall, our study proves that CPPF has the potential to become a successful anticancer chemotherapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jin Han
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (H.J.H.); (C.P.); (J.H.); (T.N.R.); (S.-O.K.); (J.H.); (M.W.); (S.B.); (I.-J.R.); (K.H.L.); (H.C.-M.)
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Chanmi Park
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (H.J.H.); (C.P.); (J.H.); (T.N.R.); (S.-O.K.); (J.H.); (M.W.); (S.B.); (I.-J.R.); (K.H.L.); (H.C.-M.)
| | - Joonsung Hwang
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (H.J.H.); (C.P.); (J.H.); (T.N.R.); (S.-O.K.); (J.H.); (M.W.); (S.B.); (I.-J.R.); (K.H.L.); (H.C.-M.)
| | - Thimmegowda N.R.
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (H.J.H.); (C.P.); (J.H.); (T.N.R.); (S.-O.K.); (J.H.); (M.W.); (S.B.); (I.-J.R.); (K.H.L.); (H.C.-M.)
| | - Sun-Ok Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (H.J.H.); (C.P.); (J.H.); (T.N.R.); (S.-O.K.); (J.H.); (M.W.); (S.B.); (I.-J.R.); (K.H.L.); (H.C.-M.)
| | - Junyeol Han
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (H.J.H.); (C.P.); (J.H.); (T.N.R.); (S.-O.K.); (J.H.); (M.W.); (S.B.); (I.-J.R.); (K.H.L.); (H.C.-M.)
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Minsik Woo
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (H.J.H.); (C.P.); (J.H.); (T.N.R.); (S.-O.K.); (J.H.); (M.W.); (S.B.); (I.-J.R.); (K.H.L.); (H.C.-M.)
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Shwetha B
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (H.J.H.); (C.P.); (J.H.); (T.N.R.); (S.-O.K.); (J.H.); (M.W.); (S.B.); (I.-J.R.); (K.H.L.); (H.C.-M.)
| | - In-Ja Ryoo
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (H.J.H.); (C.P.); (J.H.); (T.N.R.); (S.-O.K.); (J.H.); (M.W.); (S.B.); (I.-J.R.); (K.H.L.); (H.C.-M.)
| | - Kyung Ho Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (H.J.H.); (C.P.); (J.H.); (T.N.R.); (S.-O.K.); (J.H.); (M.W.); (S.B.); (I.-J.R.); (K.H.L.); (H.C.-M.)
| | - Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (H.J.H.); (C.P.); (J.H.); (T.N.R.); (S.-O.K.); (J.H.); (M.W.); (S.B.); (I.-J.R.); (K.H.L.); (H.C.-M.)
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.T.K.); (B.Y.K.); (N.-K.S.); Tel.: +82-2-740-8547 (Y.T.K.); +82-43-240-6163 (B.Y.K.); +82-43-240-6165 (N.-K.S.); Fax: +82-2-3673-2167 (Y.T.K.); +82-43-240-6259 (B.Y.K.); +82-43-240-6259 (N.-K.S.)
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (H.J.H.); (C.P.); (J.H.); (T.N.R.); (S.-O.K.); (J.H.); (M.W.); (S.B.); (I.-J.R.); (K.H.L.); (H.C.-M.)
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.T.K.); (B.Y.K.); (N.-K.S.); Tel.: +82-2-740-8547 (Y.T.K.); +82-43-240-6163 (B.Y.K.); +82-43-240-6165 (N.-K.S.); Fax: +82-2-3673-2167 (Y.T.K.); +82-43-240-6259 (B.Y.K.); +82-43-240-6259 (N.-K.S.)
| | - Nak-Kyun Soung
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (H.J.H.); (C.P.); (J.H.); (T.N.R.); (S.-O.K.); (J.H.); (M.W.); (S.B.); (I.-J.R.); (K.H.L.); (H.C.-M.)
- Correspondence: (Y.T.K.); (B.Y.K.); (N.-K.S.); Tel.: +82-2-740-8547 (Y.T.K.); +82-43-240-6163 (B.Y.K.); +82-43-240-6165 (N.-K.S.); Fax: +82-2-3673-2167 (Y.T.K.); +82-43-240-6259 (B.Y.K.); +82-43-240-6259 (N.-K.S.)
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7
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Kim HM, He L, Lee S, Park C, Kim DH, Han HJ, Han J, Hwang J, Cha-Molstad H, Lee KH, Ko SK, Jang JH, Ryoo IJ, Blenis J, Lee HG, Ahn JS, Kwon YT, Soung NK, Kim BY. Inhibition of osteoclasts differentiation by CDC2-induced NFATc1 phosphorylation. Bone 2020; 131:115153. [PMID: 31730830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is regulated by a balance of bone formation and bone resorption; dysregulation of bone homeostasis may cause bone-related diseases (e.g., osteoporosis, osteopetrosis, bone fracture). Members of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors play crucial roles in the regulation of immune system, inflammatory responses, cardiac formation, skeletal muscle development, and bone homeostasis. Of these, NFATc1 is a key transcription factor mediating osteoclast differentiation, which is regulated by phosphorylation by distinct NFAT kinases including casein kinase 1 (CK1), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), and dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs). In this study, we report that cell division control protein 2 homolog (cdc2) is a novel NFAT protein kinase that inhibits NFATc1 activation by direct phosphorylation of the NFATc1 S263 residue. Cdc2 inhibitors such as Roscovitine and BMI-1026 induce reduction of phosphorylation of NFATc1, and this process leads to the inhibition of NFATc1 translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, consequently increasing the nuclear pool of NFATc1. Additionally, the inhibition of cdc2-mediated NFATc1 phosphorylation causes an elevation of osteoclast differentiation or TRAP-positive staining in zebrafish scales. Our results suggest that cdc2 is a novel NFAT protein kinase that negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Min Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Long He
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Sangku Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanmi Park
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Han
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyeol Han
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonsung Hwang
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kyun Ko
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Jang
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ja Ryoo
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - John Blenis
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seog Ahn
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nak-Kyun Soung
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Kim DH, Kim HM, Huong PTT, Han HJ, Hwang J, Cha-Molstad H, Lee KH, Ryoo IJ, Kim KE, Huh YH, Ahn JS, Kwon YT, Soung NK, Kim BY. Enhanced anticancer effects of a methylation inhibitor by inhibiting a novel DNMT1 target, CEP 131, in cervical cancer. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 31068247 PMCID: PMC6549914 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.5.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation is a primary epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression. 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine is an FDA-approved drug prescribed for treatment of cancer by inhibiting DNA-Methyl-Transferase 1 (DNMT1). Results of this study suggest that prolonged treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine could induce centrosome abnormalities in cancer cells and that CEP131, a centrosome protein, is regulated by DNMT1. Interestingly, cancer cell growth was attenuated in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the expression of Cep131. Finally, Cep131-deficient cells were more sensitive to treatment with DNMT1 inhibitors. These findings suggest that Cep131 is a potential novel anti-cancer target. Agents that can inhibit this protein may be useful alone or in combination with DNMT1 inhibitors to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116; Department of Bio-Molecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Hye-Min Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Pham Thi Thu Huong
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Han
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116; Department of Bio-Molecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Joonsung Hwang
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - In-Ja Ryoo
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Kyoon Eon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - Jong Seog Ahn
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116; Department of Bio-Molecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Nak-Kyun Soung
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116; Department of Bio-Molecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116; Department of Bio-Molecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
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9
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Ji CH, Kim HY, Heo AJ, Lee SH, Lee MJ, Kim SB, Srinivasrao G, Mun SR, Cha-Molstad H, Ciechanover A, Choi CY, Lee HG, Kim BY, Kwon YT. The N-Degron Pathway Mediates ER-phagy. Mol Cell 2019; 75:1058-1072.e9. [PMID: 31375263 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is susceptible to wear-and-tear and proteotoxic stress, necessitating its turnover. Here, we show that the N-degron pathway mediates ER-phagy. This autophagic degradation initiates when the transmembrane E3 ligase TRIM13 (also known as RFP2) is ubiquitinated via the lysine 63 (K63) linkage. K63-ubiquitinated TRIM13 recruits p62 (also known as sequestosome-1), whose complex undergoes oligomerization. The oligomerization is induced when the ZZ domain of p62 is bound by the N-terminal arginine (Nt-Arg) of arginylated substrates. Upon activation by the Nt-Arg, oligomerized TRIM13-p62 complexes are separated along with the ER compartments and targeted to autophagosomes, leading to lysosomal degradation. When protein aggregates accumulate within the ER lumen, degradation-resistant autophagic cargoes are co-segregated by ER membranes for lysosomal degradation. We developed synthetic ligands to the p62 ZZ domain that enhance ER-phagy for ER protein quality control and alleviate ER stresses. Our results elucidate the biochemical mechanisms and pharmaceutical means that regulate ER homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hoon Ji
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Kim
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; AUTOTAC, Changkkyunggung-ro 254, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Jung Heo
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Lee
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Lee
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Bin Kim
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganipisetti Srinivasrao
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; AUTOTAC, Changkkyunggung-ro 254, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ran Mun
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- World Class Institute, Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Cheol Yong Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- World Class Institute, Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon 28116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Protech, Yongeon 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Hwang J, Lee S, Kim D, Han G, Soung NK, Cha-Molstad H, Lee KH, Ryoo IJ, Ahn MJ, Kim ST, Lee MJ, Yoo YD, Lee HG, Hong JT, Kim H, Choi EH, Kim SC, Kwon YT, Ahn JS, Kim BY. Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe-based analysis to detect filaggrin mutations in atopic dermatitis patients. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:1304-1308. [PMID: 30092122 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease whose prevalence is increasing worldwide. Filaggrin (FLG) is essential for the development of the skin barrier, and its genetic mutations are major predisposing factors for AD. In this study, we developed a convenient and practical method to detect FLG mutations in AD patients using peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes labelled with fluorescent markers for rapid analysis. Fluorescence melting curve analysis (FMCA) precisely identified FLG mutations based on the distinct difference in the melting temperatures of the wild-type and mutant allele. Moreover, PNA probe-based FMCA easily and accurately verified patient samples with both heterozygote and homozygote FLG mutations, providing a high-throughput method to reliable screen AD patients. Our method provides a convenient, rapid and accurate diagnostic tool to identify potential AD patients allowing for early preventive treatment, leading to lower incidence rates of AD, and reducing total healthcare expenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonsung Hwang
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sangku Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Daehwan Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Goeun Han
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Nak Kyun Soung
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - In Ja Ryoo
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Mi Ja Ahn
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Dong Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eung Ho Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Soo-Chan Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Seog Ahn
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
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11
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Yoo YD, Lee DH, Cha-Molstad H, Kim H, Mun SR, Ji C, Park SH, Sung KS, Choi SA, Hwang J, Park DM, Kim SK, Park KJ, Kang SH, Oh SC, Ciechanover A, Lee YJ, Kim BY, Kwon YT. Glioma-derived cancer stem cells are hypersensitive to proteasomal inhibition. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:19/9/e46380. [PMID: 30185565 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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12
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Hwang J, Soung NK, Han HJ, Lee Y, Choi TW, Mun J, Cha-Molstad H, Lee KH, Kim HJ, Lee HG, Hong JT, Ahn JS, Kwon YT, Kim BY. A novel tubulin inhibitor STK899704 induces tumor regression in DMBA/TPA-induced skin carcinogenesis model. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:285-288. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joonsung Hwang
- Anticancer Agent Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Cheongju Korea
| | - Nak Kyun Soung
- Anticancer Agent Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Cheongju Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science; University of Science & Technology (UST); Daejeon Korea
| | - Ho Jin Han
- Anticancer Agent Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Cheongju Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science; University of Science & Technology (UST); Daejeon Korea
| | - Yongjun Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Cheongju Korea
- Department of Molecular & Life Science; College of Science & Technology; Hanyang University (ERICA); Ansan Korea
| | - Tae Woong Choi
- Anticancer Agent Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Cheongju Korea
- Department of Molecular & Life Science; College of Science & Technology; Hanyang University (ERICA); Ansan Korea
| | - Jiyun Mun
- Anticancer Agent Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Cheongju Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- Anticancer Agent Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Cheongju Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Cheongju Korea
| | - Hyo Joon Kim
- Department of Molecular & Life Science; College of Science & Technology; Hanyang University (ERICA); Ansan Korea
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Daejeon Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
| | - Jong Seog Ahn
- Anticancer Agent Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Cheongju Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science; University of Science & Technology (UST); Daejeon Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center; College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Cheongju Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science; University of Science & Technology (UST); Daejeon Korea
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13
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Cha-Molstad H, Lee SH, Kim JG, Sung KW, Hwang J, Shim SM, Ganipisetti S, McGuire T, Mook-Jung I, Ciechanover A, Xie XQ, Kim BY, Kwon YT. Regulation of autophagic proteolysis by the N-recognin SQSTM1/p62 of the N-end rule pathway. Autophagy 2018; 14:359-361. [PMID: 29261001 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1415190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In macroautophagy/autophagy, cargoes are collected by specific receptors, such as SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1), and delivered to phagophores for lysosomal degradation. To date, little is known about how cells modulate SQSTM1 activity and autophagosome biogenesis in response to accumulating cargoes. In this study, we show that SQSTM1 is an N-recognin whose ZZ domain binds N-terminal arginine (Nt-Arg) and other N-degrons (Nt-Lys, Nt-His, Nt-Trp, Nt-Phe, and Nt-Tyr) of the N-end rule pathway. The substrates of SQSTM1 include the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-residing chaperone HSPA5/GRP78/BiP. Upon N-end rule interaction with the Nt-Arg of arginylated HSPA5 (R-HSPA5), SQSTM1 undergoes self-polymerization via disulfide bonds of Cys residues including Cys113, facilitating cargo collection. In parallel, Nt-Arg-bound SQSTM1 acts as an inducer of autophagosome biogenesis and autophagic flux. Through this dual regulatory mechanism, SQSTM1 plays a key role in the crosstalk between the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. Based on these results, we employed 3D-modeling of SQSTM1 and a virtual chemical library to develop small molecule ligands to the ZZ domain of SQSTM1. These autophagy inducers accelerated the autophagic removal of mutant HTT (huntingtin) aggregates. We suggest that SQSTM1 can be exploited as a novel drug target to modulate autophagic processes in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- a Anticancer Agent Research Center (WCI) , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Cheongju-si , Korea
| | - Su Hyun Lee
- b Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jung Gi Kim
- a Anticancer Agent Research Center (WCI) , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Cheongju-si , Korea.,c Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience , Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon , South Korea
| | - Ki Woon Sung
- b Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Joonsung Hwang
- a Anticancer Agent Research Center (WCI) , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Cheongju-si , Korea
| | - Sang Mi Shim
- b Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Srinivasrao Ganipisetti
- b Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Terry McGuire
- d Computational Chemogenomics Screen Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and National Center of Excellence for Drug Abuse
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- e Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- b Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea.,f The Polak Tumor and Vascular Biology Research Center , The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
| | - Xiang-Qun Xie
- d Computational Chemogenomics Screen Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and National Center of Excellence for Drug Abuse
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- a Anticancer Agent Research Center (WCI) , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Cheongju-si , Korea.,c Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience , Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon , South Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- b Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea.,g Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine , Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
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14
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Lee KH, Hwang JA, Kim SO, Kim JH, Shin SC, Kim EE, Lee KS, Rhee K, Jeon BH, Bang JK, Cha-Molstad H, Soung NK, Jang JH, Ko SK, Lee HG, Ahn JS, Kwon YT, Kim BY. Phosphorylation of human enhancer filamentation 1 (HEF1) stimulates interaction with Polo-like kinase 1 leading to HEF1 localization to focal adhesions. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:847-862. [PMID: 29191835 PMCID: PMC5777258 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.802587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated expression of human enhancer filamentation 1 (HEF1; also known as NEDD9 or Cas-L) is an essential stimulus for the metastatic process of various solid tumors. This process requires HEF1 localization to focal adhesions (FAs). Although the association of HEF1 with FAs is considered to play a role in cancer cell migration, the mechanism targeting HEF1 to FAs remains unclear. Moreover, up-regulation of Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) positively correlates with human cancer metastasis, yet how Plk1 deregulation promotes metastasis remains elusive. Here, we report that casein kinase 1δ (CK1δ) phosphorylates HEF1 at Ser-780 and Thr-804 and that these phosphorylation events promote a physical interaction between Plk1 and HEF1. We found that this interaction is critical for HEF1 translocation to FAs and for inducing migration of HeLa cells. Plk1-docking phosphoepitopes were mapped/confirmed in HEF1 by various methods, including X-ray crystallography, and mutated for functional analysis in HeLa cells. In summary, our results reveal the role of a phosphorylation-dependent HEF1-Plk1 complex in HEF1 translocation to FAs to induce cell migration. Our findings provide critical mechanistic insights into the HEF1-Plk1 complex-dependent localization of HEF1 to FAs underlying the metastatic process and may therefore contribute to the development of new cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ho Lee
- From the World Class Institute, Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 28116, Korea,
| | - Jeong-Ah Hwang
- From the World Class Institute, Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 28116, Korea
- the Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Sun-Ok Kim
- From the World Class Institute, Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- the Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Sang Chul Shin
- the Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Eunice EunKyeong Kim
- the Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Kyung S Lee
- the Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Kunsoo Rhee
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Byeong Hwa Jeon
- the Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- the Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang 28119, Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- From the World Class Institute, Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| | - Nak-Kyun Soung
- From the World Class Institute, Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Jang
- From the World Class Institute, Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| | - Sung-Kyun Ko
- From the World Class Institute, Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- the Genome Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea, and
| | - Jong Seog Ahn
- From the World Class Institute, Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- the Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- From the World Class Institute, Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 28116, Korea,
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15
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Shim SM, Choi HR, Sung KW, Lee YJ, Kim ST, Kim D, Mun SR, Hwang J, Cha-Molstad H, Ciechanover A, Kim BY, Kwon YT. The endoplasmic reticulum-residing chaperone BiP is short-lived and metabolized through N-terminal arginylation. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/511/eaan0630. [PMID: 29295953 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BiP and other endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident proteins are thought to be metabolically stable and to function primarily in the ER lumen. We sought to assess how the abundance of these proteins dynamically fluctuates in response to various stresses and how their subpopulations are relocated to non-ER compartments such as the cytosol. We showed that the molecular chaperone BiP (also known as GRP78) was short-lived under basal conditions and ER stress. The turnover of BiP was in part driven by its amino-terminal arginylation (Nt-arginylation) by the arginyltransferase ATE1, which generated an autophagic N-degron of the N-end rule pathway. ER stress elicited the formation of R-BiP, an effect that was increased when the proteasome was also inhibited. Nt-arginylation correlated with the cytosolic relocalization of BiP under the types of stress tested. The cytosolic relocalization of BiP did not require the functionality of the unfolded protein response or the Sec61- or Derlin1-containing translocon. A key inhibitor of the turnover and Nt-arginylation of BiP was HERP (homocysteine-responsive ER protein), a 43-kDa ER membrane-integrated protein that is an essential component of ER-associated protein degradation. Pharmacological inhibition of the ER-Golgi secretory pathway also suppressed R-BiP formation. Finally, we showed that cytosolic R-BiP induced by ER stress and proteasomal inhibition was routed to autophagic vacuoles and possibly additional metabolic fates. These results suggest that Nt-arginylation is a posttranslational modification that modulates the function, localization, and metabolic fate of ER-resident proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mi Shim
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Rim Choi
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Woon Sung
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jee Lee
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Daeho Kim
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ran Mun
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonsung Hwang
- World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Tumor and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon 28116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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16
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Yoo YD, Lee DH, Cha-Molstad H, Kim H, Mun SR, Ji C, Park SH, Sung KS, Choi SA, Hwang J, Park DM, Kim SK, Park KJ, Kang SH, Oh SC, Ciechanover A, Lee YJ, Kim BY, Kwon YT. Glioma-derived cancer stem cells are hypersensitive to proteasomal inhibition. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:1671. [PMID: 28864661 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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17
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Yoo YD, Lee DH, Cha-Molstad H, Kim H, Mun SR, Ji C, Park SH, Sung KS, Choi SA, Hwang J, Park DM, Kim SK, Park KJ, Kang SH, Oh SC, Ciechanover A, Lee YJ, Kim BY, Kwon YT. Glioma-derived cancer stem cells are hypersensitive to proteasomal inhibition. EMBO Rep 2016; 18:150-168. [PMID: 27993939 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201642360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although proteasome inhibitors (PIs) are used as anticancer drugs to treat various cancers, their relative therapeutic efficacy on stem cells vs. bulk cancers remains unknown. Here, we show that stem cells derived from gliomas, GSCs, are up to 1,000-fold more sensitive to PIs (IC50, 27-70 nM) compared with their differentiated controls (IC50, 47 to »100 μM). The stemness of GSCs correlates to increased ubiquitination, whose misregulation readily triggers apoptosis. PI-induced apoptosis of GSCs is independent of NF-κB but involves the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase as well as the transcriptional activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated proapoptotic mediators. In contrast to the general notion that ER stress-associated apoptosis is signaled by prolonged unfolded protein response (UPR), GSC-selective apoptosis is instead counteracted by the UPR ATF3 is a key mediator in GSC-selective apoptosis. Pharmaceutical uncoupling of the UPR from its downstream apoptosis sensitizes GSCs to PIs in vitro and during tumorigenesis in mice. Thus, a combinational treatment of a PI with an inhibitor of UPR-coupled apoptosis may enhance targeting of stem cells in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Dong Yoo
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedicine Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- World Class Institute, Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Ochang Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Hyungsin Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine Korea University Medical Center Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Ran Mun
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changhoon Ji
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Hye Park
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedicine Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Sa Sung
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Seung Ah Choi
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joonsung Hwang
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine Korea University Medical Center Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deric M Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jae Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine Korea University Medical Center Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Hyuk Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine Korea University Medical Center Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Cheul Oh
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedicine Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,The Polak Tumor and Vascular Biology Research Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yong J Lee
- Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine Korea University Medical Center Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea .,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Cha-Molstad H, Yu JE, Lee SH, Kim JG, Sung KS, Hwang J, Yoo YD, Lee YJ, Kim ST, Lee DH, Ciechanover A, Kim BY, Kwon YT. Modulation of SQSTM1/p62 activity by N-terminal arginylation of the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone HSPA5/GRP78/BiP. Autophagy 2016; 12:426-8. [PMID: 26797053 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1126047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-end rule pathway is a proteolytic system, in which single N-terminal residues act as a determinant of a class of degrons, called N-degrons. In the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system, specific recognition components, called N-recognins, recognize N-degrons and accelerate polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the substrates. In this study, we show that the pathway regulates the activity of the macroautophagic receptor SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) through N-terminal arginylation (Nt-arginylation) of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-residing molecular chaperones, including HSPA5/GRP78/BiP, CALR (calreticulin), and PDI (protein disulfide isomerase). The arginylation is co-induced with macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) as part of innate immunity to cytosolic DNA and when misfolded proteins accumulate under proteasomal inhibition. Following cytosolic relocalization and arginylation, Nt-arginylated HSPA5 (R-HSPA5) is targeted to autophagosomes and degraded by lysosomal hydrolases through the interaction of its N-terminal Arg (Nt-Arg) with ZZ domain of SQSTM1. Upon binding to Nt-Arg, SQSTM1 undergoes a conformational change, which promotes SQSTM1 self-polymerization and interaction with LC3, leading to SQSTM1 targeting to autophagosomes. Cargoes of R-HSPA5 include cytosolic misfolded proteins destined to be degraded through autophagy. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which the N-end rule pathway regulates SQSTM1-dependent selective autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- a World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Ochang , Cheongwon , Korea
| | - Ji Eun Yu
- a World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Ochang , Cheongwon , Korea.,b Department of Drug Discovery and Development , College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Chungbuk , Korea
| | - Su Hyun Lee
- c Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jung Gi Kim
- a World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Ochang , Cheongwon , Korea
| | - Ki Sa Sung
- c Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea.,d Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Joonsung Hwang
- a World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Ochang , Cheongwon , Korea
| | - Young Dong Yoo
- a World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Ochang , Cheongwon , Korea.,c Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Yoon Jee Lee
- c Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- c Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea.,d Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Dae Hee Lee
- e Division of Oncology/Hematology , Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- c Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea.,f The Polak Tumor and Vascular Biology Research Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- a World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Ochang , Cheongwon , Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- c Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea.,g Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
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19
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Jiang Y, Lee J, Lee JH, Lee JW, Kim JH, Choi WH, Yoo YD, Cha-Molstad H, Kim BY, Kwon YT, Noh SA, Kim KP, Lee MJ. The arginylation branch of the N-end rule pathway positively regulates cellular autophagic flux and clearance of proteotoxic proteins. Autophagy 2016; 12:2197-2212. [PMID: 27560450 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1222991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-terminal amino acid of a protein is an essential determinant of ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation in the N-end rule pathway. Using para-chloroamphetamine (PCA), a specific inhibitor of the arginylation branch of the pathway (Arg/N-end rule pathway), we identified that blocking the Arg/N-end rule pathway significantly impaired the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Under ER stress, ATE1-encoded Arg-tRNA-protein transferases carry out the N-terminal arginylation of the ER heat shock protein HSPA5 that initially targets cargo proteins, along with SQSTM1, to the autophagosome. At the late stage of autophagy, however, proteasomal degradation of arginylated HSPA5 might function as a critical checkpoint for the proper progression of autophagic flux in the cells. Consistently, the inhibition of the Arg/N-end rule pathway with PCA significantly elevated levels of MAPT and huntingtin aggregates, accompanied by increased numbers of LC3 and SQSTM1 puncta. Cells treated with the Arg/N-end rule inhibitor became more sensitized to proteotoxic stress-induced cytotoxicity. SILAC-based quantitative proteomics also revealed that PCA significantly alters various biological pathways, including cellular responses to stress, nutrient, and DNA damage, which are also closely involved in modulation of autophagic responses. Thus, our results indicate that the Arg/N-end rule pathway may function to actively protect cells from detrimental effects of cellular stresses, including proteotoxic protein accumulation, by positively regulating autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxialei Jiang
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jeeyoung Lee
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University Graduate School , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Lee
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University Graduate School , Seoul , Korea
| | - Joon Won Lee
- d Department of Applied Chemistry , College of Applied Sciences, Kyung Hee University , Yongin , Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Kim
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University Graduate School , Seoul , Korea
| | - Won Hoon Choi
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University Graduate School , Seoul , Korea
| | - Young Dong Yoo
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University Graduate School , Seoul , Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- c World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Ochang, Cheongwon , Korea
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- c World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Ochang, Cheongwon , Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University Graduate School , Seoul , Korea
| | - Sue Ah Noh
- d Department of Applied Chemistry , College of Applied Sciences, Kyung Hee University , Yongin , Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- d Department of Applied Chemistry , College of Applied Sciences, Kyung Hee University , Yongin , Korea
| | - Min Jae Lee
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University Graduate School , Seoul , Korea
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20
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Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system and the autophagy lysosome system are the two major protein degradation machineries in eukaryotic cells. These two systems coordinate the removal of unwanted intracellular materials, but the mechanism by which they achieve this synchronization is largely unknown. The ubiquitination of substrates serves as a universal degradation signal for both systems. Our study revealed that the amino-terminal Arg, a canonical N-degron in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, also acts as a degradation signal in autophagy. We showed that many ER residents, such as BiP, contain evolutionally conserved arginylation permissive pro-N-degrons, and that certain inducers like dsDNA or proteasome inhibitors cause their translocation into the cytoplasm where they bind misfolded proteins and undergo amino-terminal arginylation by arginyl transferase 1 (ATE1). The amino-terminal Arg of BiP binds p62, which triggers p62 oligomerization and enhances p62-LC3 interaction, thereby stimulating autophagic delivery and degradation of misfolded proteins, promoting cell survival. This study reveals a novel ubiquitin-independent mechanism for the selective autophagy pathway, and provides an insight into how these two major protein degradation pathways communicate in cells to dispose the unwanted proteins. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(9): 487-488]
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongwon 28116, Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongwon 28116, Korea
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Kim ST, Tasaki T, Zakrzewska A, Yoo YD, Sa Sung K, Kim SH, Cha-Molstad H, Hwang J, Kim KA, Kim BY, Kwon YT. The N-end rule proteolytic system in autophagy. Autophagy 2013; 9:1100-3. [PMID: 23628846 DOI: 10.4161/auto.24643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-end rule pathway is a cellular proteolytic system that utilizes specific N-terminal residues as degradation determinants, called N-degrons. N-degrons are recognized and bound by specific recognition components (N-recognins) that mediate polyubiquitination of low-abundance regulators and selective proteolysis through the proteasome. Our earlier work identified UBR4/p600 as one of the N-recognins that promotes N-degron-dependent proteasomal degradation. In this study, we show that UBR4 is associated with cellular cargoes destined to autophagic vacuoles and is degraded by the lysosome. UBR4 loss causes multiple misregulations in autophagic pathways, including an increased formation of LC3 puncta. UBR4-deficient mice die during embryogenesis primarily due to defective vascular development in the yolk sac (YS), wherein UBR4 is associated with a bulk lysosomal degradation system that absorbs maternal proteins from the YS cavity and digests them into amino acids. Our results suggest that UBR4 plays a role not only in selective proteolysis of short-lived regulators through the proteasome, but also bulk degradation through the lysosome. Here, we discuss a possible mechanism of UBR4 as a regulatory component in the delivery of cargoes destined to interact with the autophagic core machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Tae Kim
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA USA
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22
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Cha-Molstad H, Xu G, Chen J, Jing G, Young ME, Chatham JC, Shalev A. Calcium channel blockers act through nuclear factor Y to control transcription of key cardiac genes. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 82:541-9. [PMID: 22734068 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.078253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
First-generation calcium channel blockers such as verapamil are a widely used class of antihypertensive drugs that block L-type calcium channels. We recently discovered that they also reduce cardiac expression of proapoptotic thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), suggesting that they may have unappreciated transcriptional effects. By use of TXNIP promoter deletion and mutation studies, we found that a CCAAT element was mediating verapamil-induced transcriptional repression and identified nuclear factor Y (NFY) to be the responsible transcription factor as assessed by overexpression/knockdown and luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays in cardiomyocytes and in vivo in diabetic mice receiving oral verapamil. We further discovered that increased NFY-DNA binding was associated with histone H4 deacetylation and transcriptional repression and mediated by inhibition of calcineurin signaling. It is noteworthy that the transcriptional control conferred by this newly identified verapamil-calcineurin-NFY signaling cascade was not limited to TXNIP, suggesting that it may modulate the expression of other NFY targets. Thus, verapamil induces a calcineurin-NFY signaling pathway that controls cardiac gene transcription and apoptosis and thereby may affect cardiac biology in previously unrecognized ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
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Cha-Molstad H, Saxena G, Chen J, Shalev A. Glucose-stimulated expression of Txnip is mediated by carbohydrate response element-binding protein, p300, and histone H4 acetylation in pancreatic beta cells. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:16898-16905. [PMID: 19411249 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.010504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we identified Txnip (thioredoxin-interacting protein) as a mediator of glucotoxic beta cell death and discovered that lack of Txnip protects against streptozotocin- and obesity-induced diabetes by preventing beta cell apoptosis and preserving endogenous beta cell mass. Txnip has therefore become an attractive target for diabetes therapy, but although we have found that txnip transcription is highly induced by glucose through a unique carbohydrate response element, the factors controlling this effect have remained unknown. Using transient transfection experiments, we now show that overexpression of the carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) transactivates the txnip promoter, whereas ChREBP knockdown by small interfering RNA completely blunts glucose-induced txnip transcription. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that glucose leads to a dose- and time-dependent recruitment of ChREBP to the txnip promoter in vivo in INS-1 beta cells as well as human islets. Furthermore, we found that the co-activator and histone acetyltransferase p300 co-immunoprecipitates with ChREBP and also binds to the txnip promoter in response to glucose. Interestingly, this is associated with specific acetylation of histone H4 and recruitment of RNA polymerase II as measured by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Thus, with this study we have identified ChREBP as the transcription factor that mediates glucose-induced txnip expression in human islets and INS-1 beta cells and have characterized the chromatin modification associated with glucose-induced txnip transcription. In addition, the results reveal for the first time that ChREBP interacts with p300. This may explain how ChREBP induces H4 acetylation and sheds new light on glucose-mediated regulation of chromatin structure and transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53792; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Geetu Saxena
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53792; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Junqin Chen
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53792; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Anath Shalev
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53792; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705.
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Chen J, Cha-Molstad H, Szabo A, Shalev A. Diabetes induces and calcium channel blockers prevent cardiac expression of proapoptotic thioredoxin-interacting protein. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 296:E1133-9. [PMID: 19258488 PMCID: PMC2681312 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.90944.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is a critical process in the pathogenesis of ischemic and diabetic cardiomyopathy, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) has recently been shown to have deleterious effects in the cardiovascular system and we therefore investigated whether it may also play a role in diabetes-associated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In fact, TXNIP expression was increased in H9C2 cardiomyocytes incubated at high glucose, and cardiac expression of TXNIP and cleaved caspase-3 were also elevated in vivo in streptozotocin- and obesity-induced diabetic mice. Together, these findings not only suggest that TXNIP is involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy but also that it may represent a novel therapeutic target. Surprisingly, testing putative TXNIP modulators revealed that calcium channel blockers reduce cardiomyocyte TXNIP transcription and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. Oral administration of verapamil for 3 wk also reduced cardiac TXNIP expression in mice even in the face of severe diabetes, and these reduced TXNIP levels were associated with decreased apoptosis. To determine whether lack of TXNIP can mimic the verapamil-induced decrease in apoptosis, we used TXNIP-deficient HcB-19 mice, harboring a natural nonsense mutation in the TXNIP gene. Interestingly, we found significantly reduced cleaved caspase-3 levels in HcB-19 hearts, suggesting that TXNIP plays a critical role in cardiac apoptosis and that the verapamil effects were mediated by TXNIP reduction. Thus our results suggest that TXNIP reduction is a powerful target to enhance cardiomyocyte survival and that agents such as calcium channel blockers may be useful in trying to achieve this goal and prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqin Chen
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA. a
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Cha-Molstad H, Young DP, Kushner I, Samols D. The interaction of C-Rel with C/EBPbeta enhances C/EBPbeta binding to the C-reactive protein gene promoter. Mol Immunol 2007; 44:2933-42. [PMID: 17335903 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2006] [Revised: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a plasma protein primarily synthesized in the liver following inflammatory stimuli as part of the acute phase response. Expression of CRP is tightly regulated in hepatocytes. Normally very little CRP mRNA is transcribed, but inflammatory stimuli are followed by a dramatic increase in mRNA synthesis and accumulation. Interleukins -6 and 1 (IL-6 and IL-1) are believed to be the major cytokines responsible for induction of acute phase protein biosynthesis. We previously demonstrated that in vivo c-Rel plays a novel regulatory role in that it appears to be in complex with C/EBPbeta when C/EBPbeta is bound to the CRP gene promoter following cytokine stimulation, but is not itself bound to DNA. In this study we found that recombinant c-Rel((1-300)) (truncated c-Rel protein missing the transactivation domain) increased the affinity of recombinant C/EBPbeta for a CRP-derived C/EBP site (-53) at least 10-fold. This effect was independent of a previously described p50 binding site at -43 and of binding of c-Rel to DNA. C/EBPbeta and c-Rel((1-300)) were found to physically interact in solution, and overexpression of c-Rel (either full length or truncated (1-300)) in the presence of overexpressed C/EBPbeta stimulated CRP transcription. We conclude that c-Rel((1-300)) binding to C/EBPbeta increases the affinity of C/EBPbeta for the C/EBP binding site at -53 on the CRP promoter, and that the transactivation domain of c-Rel is not necessary for this effect, which depends on protein: protein contacts with C/EBPbeta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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26
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Impey S, McCorkle SR, Cha-Molstad H, Dwyer JM, Yochum GS, Boss JM, McWeeney S, Dunn JJ, Mandel G, Goodman RH. Defining the CREB Regulon. Cell 2004; 119:1041-54. [PMID: 15620361 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2004.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2004] [Revised: 09/14/2004] [Accepted: 10/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The CREB transcription factor regulates differentiation, survival, and synaptic plasticity. The complement of CREB targets responsible for these responses has not been identified, however. We developed a novel approach to identify CREB targets, termed serial analysis of chromatin occupancy (SACO), by combining chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with a modification of SAGE. Using a SACO library derived from rat PC12 cells, we identified approximately 41,000 genomic signature tags (GSTs) that mapped to unique genomic loci. CREB binding was confirmed for all loci supported by multiple GSTs. Of the 6302 loci identified by multiple GSTs, 40% were within 2 kb of the transcriptional start of an annotated gene, 49% were within 1 kb of a CpG island, and 72% were within 1 kb of a putative cAMP-response element (CRE). A large fraction of the SACO loci delineated bidirectional promoters and novel antisense transcripts. This study represents the most comprehensive definition of transcription factor binding sites in a metazoan species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soren Impey
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Cha-Molstad H, Keller DM, Yochum GS, Impey S, Goodman RH. Cell-type-specific binding of the transcription factor CREB to the cAMP-response element. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:13572-7. [PMID: 15342915 PMCID: PMC518796 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0405587101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) transcription factor was initially identified as a mediator of cAMP-induced gene expression. CREB binds to a target sequence termed the cAMP-response element (CRE) found in many cellular and viral gene promoters. One of the best-characterized CREs resides in the promoter of the gene encoding the neuropeptide somatostatin, and this element has served as a model for studies of CREB function. Phosphorylation of CREB by protein kinase A allows recruitment of the coactivator CREB-binding protein (CBP). A central tenet of the CREB-CBP model is that CREB binds constitutively to the CRE and that regulation occurs through the phosphorylation-dependent recruitment of CBP. In this report, we use chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to show that CREB does not interact in vivo with the somatostatin CRE, or similar elements in several other genes, in PC12 cells, a standard model for studies of CREB function. Rather, CREB binding in vivo is regulated in a cell-specific manner, a finding that was confirmed by using in vivo genomic footprinting assays. The CREs in other genes were also found to interact differentially with CREB in PC12 cells, hepatoma cells, and cortical neurons. We conclude that the family of CREB target genes differs from one cell type to another and that the ability of CREB to bind to a particular CRE represents an important component of gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Agrawal A, Cha-Molstad H, Samols D, Kushner I. Overexpressed nuclear factor-kappaB can participate in endogenous C-reactive protein induction, and enhances the effects of C/EBPbeta and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3. Immunology 2003; 108:539-47. [PMID: 12667216 PMCID: PMC1782914 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2003.01608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP), the prototypical human acute phase protein, is produced primarily by hepatocytes. Its expression is modestly induced by interleukin (IL)-6 in Hep3B cells while IL-1, which alone has no effect, synergistically enhances the effects of IL-6. In previous studies of the proximal CRP promoter, we found that signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and C/EBPbeta -mediated IL-6-induced transcription and that Rel p50 acted synergistically with C/EBPbeta, in the absence of p65, to enhance CRP transcription. Neither a requirement nor a binding site for the classic nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB heterodimer p50/p65 were found. The current studies were undertaken to determine whether similar novel transcription factor interactions might regulate the endogenous CRP gene. Transiently overexpressed p50 or p65 induced CRP mRNA accumulation in Hep3B cells. The heterodimer p50/p65 was markedly more effective than p50 or p65 homodimers. Co-overexpression of p50 or p65 with C/EBPbeta or STAT3 synergistically enhanced CRP expression. Maximal expression was observed with overexpression of all four transcription factors; comparable effects were observed with IL-1beta treatment of cells overexpressing STAT3 + C/EBPbeta. Data from the Human Genome Project revealed 13 potential kappaB sites in the first 4000 bases of the CRP promoter, only one of which, centred at -2652, bound nuclear p50/p65 heterodimer activated by IL-1beta. Our findings indicate that classical NF-kappaB activation can participate in endogenous CRP induction, and that activated NF-kappaB may synergistically enhance the effects of C/EBPbeta and STAT3. They raise the possibility, not as yet established, that NF-kappaB activation may be responsible for the synergistic effect of IL-1beta on IL-6-induced CRP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Agrawal
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Agrawal A, Cha-Molstad H, Samols D, Kushner I. Transactivation of C-reactive protein by IL-6 requires synergistic interaction of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBP beta) and Rel p50. J Immunol 2001; 166:2378-84. [PMID: 11160296 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.4.2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have previously found that overexpression of the Rel protein p50 stimulated C-reactive protein (CRP) expression in Hep 3B cells and that p50 could bind to a nonconsensus kappaB site overlapping the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) binding site centered at position -53 on the CRP promoter. Accordingly, we employed EMSA to investigate possible cooperation between p50 and C/EBP proteins using an oligonucleotide probe (-63/-41) derived from the CRP promoter and containing both C/EBP and p50 binding sites. Abs to p50, but not to p65, decreased formation of C/EBPbeta-containing complexes in nuclei of IL-6-treated cells, indicating that ternary complexes containing C/EBPbeta and p50 are formed on the CRP promoter. Depletion of free Rel proteins by pretreatment of nuclear extracts with a kappaB consensus oligonucleotide markedly decreased formation of C/EBP complexes, indicating that Rel proteins are required for formation of such complexes. Overexpression of p50 in transient cotransfection studies using the proximal CRP promoter (-125/+9) linked to a luciferase reporter caused a 3-fold increase of luciferase activity, while C/EBPbeta overexpression caused an 18-fold increase; simultaneous overexpression of both transcription factors increased luciferase activity approximately 600-fold. Mutation of either the C/EBP binding site or the p50 binding site drastically reduced the effects of overexpressed transcription factors. Taken together, our findings indicate that binding of Rel p50 to the nonconsensus kappaB site enhances and stabilizes binding of C/EBPbeta to the CRP promoter and that binding of both C/EBPbeta and p50 to their overlapping cognate sites is required for induction of CRP expression by IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Campus, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
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Cha-Molstad H, Agrawal A, Zhang D, Samols D, Kushner I. The Rel family member P50 mediates cytokine-induced C-reactive protein expression by a novel mechanism. J Immunol 2000; 165:4592-7. [PMID: 11035101 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.8.4592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Transcription of C-reactive protein (CRP) in Hep 3B cells is induced by IL-6, acting through C/EBP isoforms and STAT3. IL-1beta, which alone has no effect, greatly enhances IL-6-induced transcription by unknown mechanisms. Because IL-1beta activates the NF-kappaB system, we explored the effects of overexpressed Rel family members on CRP expression. Unexpectedly, transactivation assays in transiently transfected Hep 3B cells showed p50 overexpression to markedly induce CRP transcription, acting in a region 3' to -86. In the presence of overexpressed p50, IL-1beta induced a 3-fold increase in CRP expression, and responses to IL-6 and to IL-6 plus IL-1beta were 4-fold greater than seen in cells without p50 overexpression. In contrast, overexpressed p65 abolished CRP induction by p50 and by cytokines. EMSA studies demonstrated that recombinant p50 bound to a nonconsensus kappaB site overlapping the proximal C/EBP binding site on the CRP promoter. Mutation of a polypyrimidine tract in the p50-binding site inhibited the transactivating effect of cytokines. P50- but not p65-containing dimers were found in nuclei of Hep 3B cells 18 h after stimulation with IL-1beta, when C/EBPbeta is greatly activated, in the presence or absence of IL-6. These findings suggest that IL-1beta induces nuclear translocation of p50-containing dimers and that p50 interacts with C/EBPbeta activated by both IL-6 and IL-1beta to induce CRP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cha-Molstad
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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