1
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Dekmak MY, Mäusle SM, Brandhorst J, Simon PS, Dau H. Tracking the first electron transfer step at the donor side of oxygen-evolving photosystem II by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023:10.1007/s11120-023-01057-3. [PMID: 37995064 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
In oxygen-evolving photosystem II (PSII), the multi-phasic electron transfer from a redox-active tyrosine residue (TyrZ) to a chlorophyll cation radical (P680+) precedes the water-oxidation chemistry of the S-state cycle of the Mn4Ca cluster. Here we investigate these early events, observable within about 10 ns to 10 ms after laser-flash excitation, by time-resolved single-frequency infrared (IR) spectroscopy in the spectral range of 1310-1890 cm-1 for oxygen-evolving PSII membrane particles from spinach. Comparing the IR difference spectra at 80 ns, 500 ns, and 10 µs allowed for the identification of quinone, P680 and TyrZ contributions. A broad electronic absorption band assignable P680+ was used to trace largely specifically the P680+ reduction kinetics. The experimental time resolution was taken into account in least-square fits of P680+ transients with a sum of four exponentials, revealing two nanosecond phases (30-46 ns and 690-1110 ns) and two microsecond phases (4.5-8.3 µs and 42 µs), which mostly exhibit a clear S-state dependence, in agreement with results obtained by other methods. Our investigation paves the road for further insight in the early events associated with TyrZ oxidation and their role in the preparing the PSII donor side for the subsequent water oxidation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah M Mäusle
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Philipp S Simon
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Holger Dau
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Matsubara T, Shimada Y, Kitajima-Ihara T, Nagao R, Noguchi T. Rapid-Scan Fourier Transform Infrared Monitoring of the Photoactivation Process in Cyanobacterial Photosystem II. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:8150-8161. [PMID: 37718495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic site of photosynthetic water oxidation, the Mn4CaO5 cluster, in photosystem II (PSII) is known to be formed by a light-induced process called photoactivation. However, details of its molecular mechanism remain unresolved. In this study, we monitored the photoactivation process in cyanobacterial PSII using rapid-scan, time-resolved Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The Mn3+/Mn2+ FTIR difference spectra of PSII, in which D1-D170 was specifically 13C labeled, and PSII from the D1-D170A, D1-E189A, and D1-D342A mutants provide strong evidence that the initial Mn2+ is coordinated by D1-D170 and D1-E189. Protein conformational changes and relocation of photo-oxidized Mn3+ in the dark rearrangement process were detected as slow-phase signals in the amide I and carboxylate regions, whereas similar signals were not observed in D1-E189A PSII. It is thus proposed that relocation of Mn3+ via D1-E189 induces the conformational changes of the proteins to form proper Mn binding sites in the mature protein conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Matsubara
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Shimada
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kitajima-Ihara
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ryo Nagao
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Takumi Noguchi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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3
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Kato Y, Noguchi T. Redox properties and regulatory mechanism of the iron-quinone electron acceptor in photosystem II as revealed by FTIR spectroelectrochemistry. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:135-151. [PMID: 34985636 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) performs oxidation of water and reduction of plastoquinone through light-induced electron transfer. Electron transfer reactions at individual redox cofactors are controlled by their redox potentials, and the forward and backward electron flows in PSII are regulated by tuning them. It is, thus, crucial to accurately estimate the redox potentials of the cofactors and their shifts by environmental changes to understand the regulatory mechanisms in PSII. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroelectrochemistry combined with a light-induced difference technique is a powerful method to investigate the mechanisms of the redox reactions in PSII. In this review, we introduce the methodology and the application of this method in the studies of the iron-quinone complex, which consists of two plastoquinone molecules, QA and QB, and the non-heme iron, on the electron-acceptor side of PSII. It is shown that FTIR spectroelectrochemistry is a useful method not only for estimating the redox potentials but also for detecting the reactions of nearby amino-acid residues coupled with the redox reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kato
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Takumi Noguchi
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.
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4
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Tamura H, Saito K, Ishikita H. Long-Range Electron Tunneling from the Primary to Secondary Quinones in Photosystem II Enhanced by Hydrogen Bonds with a Nonheme Fe Complex. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13460-13466. [PMID: 34875835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms governing the long-range electron tunneling from the primary (QA) to secondary (QB) quinones in photosystem II are clarified by analyzing superexchange pathways through a nonheme Fe complex, using a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics/polarizable continuum model approach. The electron tunneling rate is evaluated using the Marcus-Levich-Jortner theory considering electronic coupling, energy difference, and Franck-Condon factor. The superexchange QA → QB electron tunneling is enhanced by hybridized σ/σ* orbitals of histidines (D2-His214 and D1-His215) via penetration of the wave function into hydrogen bonds with both QA and QB. Despite a large energy gap to the intermediate states, the contributions of the histidine σ/σ* orbitals to the superexchange coupling are larger than those of π/π* orbitals. Fe2+ is not an essential component for the QA → QB electron tunneling because hybridized histidine molecular orbitals can be coupled with both QA and QB simultaneously in the absence of Fe d orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.,Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Keisuke Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.,Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishikita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.,Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
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5
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Kato Y, Noguchi T. Effects of Stromal and Lumenal Side Perturbations on the Redox Potential of the Primary Quinone Electron Acceptor Q A in Photosystem II. Biochemistry 2021; 60:3697-3706. [PMID: 34784184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The primary quinone electron acceptor QA is a key component in the electron transfer regulation in photosystem II (PSII), and hence accurate estimation of its redox potential, Em(QA-/QA), is crucial in understanding the regulatory mechanism. Although fluorescence detection has been extensively used for monitoring the redox state of QA, it was recently suggested that this method tends to provide a higher Em(QA-/QA) estimate depending on the sample status due to the effect of measuring light [Kato et al. (2019) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1860, 148082]. In this study, we applied the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroelectrochemistry, which uses non-reactive infrared light to monitor the redox state of QA, to investigate the effects of stromal- and lumenal-side perturbations on Em(QA-/QA) in PSII. It was shown that replacement of bicarbonate bound to the non-heme iron with formate upshifted Em(QA-/QA) by ∼55 mV, consistent with the previous fluorescence measurement. In contrast, an Em(QA-/QA) difference between binding of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and bromoxynil was found to be ∼30 mV, which is much smaller than the previous estimate, ∼100 mV, by the fluorescence method. This ∼30 mV difference was verified by the decay kinetics of the S2QA- recombination. On the lumenal side, Mn depletion hardly affected the Em(QA-/QA), confirming the previous FTIR result. However, removal of the extrinsic proteins by NaCl or CaCl2 wash downshifted the Em(QA-/QA) by 14-20 mV. These results suggest that electron flow through QA is regulated by changes both on the stromal and lumenal sides of PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kato
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takumi Noguchi
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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6
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Forsman JA, Eaton‐Rye JJ. The D1:Ser268 residue of Photosystem II contributes to an alternative pathway for Q
B
protonation in the absence of bound bicarbonate. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2953-2964. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack A. Forsman
- Department of Biochemistry University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
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7
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Abstract
Infrared difference spectroscopy probes vibrational changes of proteins upon their perturbation. Compared with other spectroscopic methods, it stands out by its sensitivity to the protonation state, H-bonding, and the conformation of different groups in proteins, including the peptide backbone, amino acid side chains, internal water molecules, or cofactors. In particular, the detection of protonation and H-bonding changes in a time-resolved manner, not easily obtained by other techniques, is one of the most successful applications of IR difference spectroscopy. The present review deals with the use of perturbations designed to specifically change the protein between two (or more) functionally relevant states, a strategy often referred to as reaction-induced IR difference spectroscopy. In the first half of this contribution, I review the technique of reaction-induced IR difference spectroscopy of proteins, with special emphasis given to the preparation of suitable samples and their characterization, strategies for the perturbation of proteins, and methodologies for time-resolved measurements (from nanoseconds to minutes). The second half of this contribution focuses on the spectral interpretation. It starts by reviewing how changes in H-bonding, medium polarity, and vibrational coupling affect vibrational frequencies, intensities, and bandwidths. It is followed by band assignments, a crucial aspect mostly performed with the help of isotopic labeling and site-directed mutagenesis, and complemented by integration and interpretation of the results in the context of the studied protein, an aspect increasingly supported by spectral calculations. Selected examples from the literature, predominately but not exclusively from retinal proteins, are used to illustrate the topics covered in this review.
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8
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Kato Y, Ohira A, Nagao R, Noguchi T. Does the water-oxidizing Mn4CaO5 cluster regulate the redox potential of the primary quinone electron acceptor QA in photosystem II? A study by Fourier transform infrared spectroelectrochemistry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:148082. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Daphedar A, Taranath TC. Characterization and cytotoxic effect of biogenic silver nanoparticles on mitotic chromosomes of Drimia polyantha (Blatt. & McCann) Stearn. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:910-918. [PMID: 30211013 PMCID: PMC6129697 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Noble metal nanoparticles afford a tool for investigation and its application in biological systems has had the greatest impact in biology and biomedicine. The present work reports an ecofriendly approach for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an aqueous leaf extract of Getonia floribunda. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by using following instruments viz. UV-vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, XRD AFM and HR-TEM. The UV-vis spectrum showed a characteristic absorption peak at 404 nm. FTIR data reveals the possible involvement of various functional groups for reduction and biocapping of AgNPs. XRD data confirmed the crystalline nature of silver nanoparticles. Morphology, size and distribution of the AgNPs were determined by using AFM and HR-TEM. The average size of AgNPs ranges between 10 and 25 nm and are spherical in shape. The silver nanoparticles were evaluated for their cytotoxic effect on mitotic chromosomes of root meristematic cells of D. polyantha using different concentrations viz. 4, 8, 12 and 16 μg/ml at the time interval of 6, 12, 18 and 24 h. It is evident from the results that the higher concentration of AgNPs found to inhibit mitotic index and caused chromosomal abnormalities such as chromosomal bridge, sticky chromosomes, laggard anaphase, diagonal anaphase, c-metaphase and chromosomal breaks. Therefore, it can be concluded that higher concentrations of silver nanoparticles may induce significant inhibition of root meristem activity and causing DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azharuddin Daphedar
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, P. G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India
| | - Tarikere C Taranath
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, P. G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India
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10
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Nozawa Y, Noguchi T. pH-Dependent Regulation of the Relaxation Rate of the Radical Anion of the Secondary Quinone Electron Acceptor QB in Photosystem II As Revealed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Biochemistry 2018; 57:2828-2836. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Nozawa
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takumi Noguchi
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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11
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Evaluation of photosynthetic activities in thylakoid membranes by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:129-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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12
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Korpany KV, Majewski DD, Chiu CT, Cross SN, Blum AS. Iron Oxide Surface Chemistry: Effect of Chemical Structure on Binding in Benzoic Acid and Catechol Derivatives. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:3000-3013. [PMID: 28215075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The excellent performance of functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in nanomaterial and biomedical applications often relies on achieving the attachment of ligands to the iron oxide surface both in sufficient number and with proper orientation. Toward this end, we determine relationships between the ligand chemical structure and surface binding on magnetic IONPs for a series of related benzoic acid and catechol derivatives. Ligand exchange was used to introduce the model ligands, and the resultant nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier transform infrared-attenuated internal reflectance spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nanoparticle solubility behavior. An in-depth analysis of ligand electronic effects and reaction conditions reveals that the nature of ligand binding does not solely depend on the presence of functional groups known to bind to IONPs. The structure of the resultant ligand-surface complex was primarily influenced by the relative positioning of hydroxyl and carboxylic acid groups within the ligand and whether or not HCl(aq) was added to the ligand-exchange reaction. Overall, this study will help guide future ligand-design and ligand-exchange strategies toward realizing truly custom-built IONPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin V Korpany
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Dorothy D Majewski
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Cindy T Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Shoronia N Cross
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Amy Szuchmacher Blum
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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13
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Zobnina V, Lambreva MD, Rea G, Campi G, Antonacci A, Scognamiglio V, Giardi MT, Polticelli F. The plastoquinol-plastoquinone exchange mechanism in photosystem II: insight from molecular dynamics simulations. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 131:15-30. [PMID: 27376842 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In the photosystem II (PSII) of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, the reaction center (RC) core mediates the light-induced electron transfer leading to water splitting and production of reduced plastoquinone molecules. The reduction of plastoquinone to plastoquinol lowers PSII affinity for the latter and leads to its release. However, little is known about the role of protein dynamics in this process. Here, molecular dynamics simulations of the complete PSII complex embedded in a lipid bilayer have been used to investigate the plastoquinol release mechanism. A distinct dynamic behavior of PSII in the presence of plastoquinol is observed which, coupled to changes in charge distribution and electrostatic interactions, causes disruption of the interactions seen in the PSII-plastoquinone complex and leads to the "squeezing out" of plastoquinol from the binding pocket. Displacement of plastoquinol closes the second water channel, recently described in a 2.9 Å resolution PSII structure (Guskov et al. in Nat Struct Mol Biol 16:334-342, 2009), allowing to rule out the proposed "alternating" mechanism of plastoquinol-plastoquinone exchange, while giving support to the "single-channel" one. The performed simulations indicated a pivotal role of D1-Ser264 in modulating the dynamics of the plastoquinone binding pocket and plastoquinol-plastoquinone exchange via its interaction with D1-His252 residue. The effects of the disruption of this hydrogen bond network on the PSII redox reactions were experimentally assessed in the D1 site-directed mutant Ser264Lys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veranika Zobnina
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Maya D Lambreva
- Institute of Crystallography CNR, 00015, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rea
- Institute of Crystallography CNR, 00015, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Campi
- Institute of Crystallography CNR, 00015, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Amina Antonacci
- Institute of Crystallography CNR, 00015, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabio Polticelli
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy.
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Roma Tre Section, 00146, Rome, Italy.
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14
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Kato Y, Ishii R, Noguchi T. Comparative Analysis of the Interaction of the Primary Quinone QA in Intact and Mn-Depleted Photosystem II Membranes Using Light-Induced ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy. Biochemistry 2016; 55:6355-6358. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kato
- Division of Material
Science,
Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Rina Ishii
- Division of Material
Science,
Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takumi Noguchi
- Division of Material
Science,
Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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15
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Redox potential of the terminal quinone electron acceptor QB in photosystem II reveals the mechanism of electron transfer regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 113:620-5. [PMID: 26715751 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1520211113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) extracts electrons from water at a Mn4CaO5 cluster using light energy and then transfers them to two plastoquinones, the primary quinone electron acceptor QA and the secondary quinone electron acceptor QB. This forward electron transfer is an essential process in light energy conversion. Meanwhile, backward electron transfer is also significant in photoprotection of PSII proteins. Modulation of the redox potential (Em) gap of QA and QB mainly regulates the forward and backward electron transfers in PSII. However, the full scheme of electron transfer regulation remains unresolved due to the unknown Em value of QB. Here, for the first time (to our knowledge), the Em value of QB reduction was measured directly using spectroelectrochemistry in combination with light-induced Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy. The Em(QB (-)/QB) was determined to be approximately +90 mV and was virtually unaffected by depletion of the Mn4CaO5 cluster. This insensitivity of Em(QB (-)/QB), in combination with the known large upshift of Em(QA (-)/QA), explains the mechanism of PSII photoprotection with an impaired Mn4CaO5 cluster, in which a large decrease in the Em gap between QA and QB promotes rapid charge recombination via QA (-).
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16
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Nakamura S, Nagao R, Takahashi R, Noguchi T. Fourier transform infrared detection of a polarizable proton trapped between photooxidized tyrosine YZ and a coupled histidine in photosystem II: relevance to the proton transfer mechanism of water oxidation. Biochemistry 2014; 53:3131-44. [PMID: 24786306 DOI: 10.1021/bi500237y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The redox-active tyrosine YZ (D1-Tyr161) in photosystem II (PSII) functions as an immediate electron acceptor of the Mn4Ca cluster, which is the catalytic center of photosynthetic water oxidation. YZ is also located in the hydrogen bond network that connects the Mn4Ca cluster to the lumen and hence is possibly related to the proton transfer process during water oxidation. To understand the role of YZ in the water oxidation mechanism, we have studied the hydrogen bonding interactions of YZ and its photooxidized neutral radical YZ(•) together with the interaction of the coupled His residue, D1-His190, using light-induced Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy. The YZ(•)-minus-YZ FTIR difference spectrum of Mn-depleted PSII core complexes exhibited a broad positive feature around 2800 cm(-1), which was absent in the corresponding spectrum of another redox-active tyrosine YD (D2-Tyr160). Analyses by (15)N and H/D substitutions, examination of the pH dependence, and density functional theory and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations showed that this band arises from the N-H stretching vibration of the protonated cation of D1-His190 forming a charge-assisted strong hydrogen bond with YZ(•). This result provides strong evidence that the proton released from YZ upon its oxidation is trapped in D1-His190 and a positive charge remains on this His. The broad feature of the ~2800 cm(-1) band reflects a large proton polarizability in the hydrogen bond between YZ(•) and HisH(+). QM/MM calculations further showed that upon YZ oxidation the hydrogen bond network is rearranged and one water molecule moves toward D1-His190. From these data, a novel proton transfer mechanism via YZ(•)-HisH(+) is proposed, in which hopping of the polarizable proton of HisH(+) to this water triggers the transfer of the proton from substrate water to the luminal side. This proton transfer mechanism could be functional in the S2 → S3 transition, which requires proton release before electron transfer because of an excess positive charge on the Mn4Ca cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Nakamura
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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17
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Ashizawa R, Noguchi T. Effects of hydrogen bonding interactions on the redox potential and molecular vibrations of plastoquinone as studied using density functional theory calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:11864-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54742f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Ji Q, Zhao BS, He C. A highly sensitive and genetically encoded fluorescent reporter for ratiometric monitoring of quinones in living cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8027-9. [PMID: 23903292 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44534h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional regulator QsrR is converted into a genetically encoded fluorescent probe capable of ratiometric monitoring of quinones in living cells with high sensitivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjiang Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Ashford DL, Song W, Concepcion JJ, Glasson CRK, Brennaman MK, Norris MR, Fang Z, Templeton JL, Meyer TJ. Photoinduced electron transfer in a chromophore-catalyst assembly anchored to TiO2. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:19189-98. [PMID: 23101955 DOI: 10.1021/ja3084362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced formation, separation, and buildup of multiple redox equivalents are an integral part of cycles for producing solar fuels in dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells (DSPECs). Excitation wavelength-dependent electron injection, intra-assembly electron transfer, and pH-dependent back electron transfer on TiO(2) were investigated for the molecular assembly [((PO(3)H(2)-CH(2))-bpy)(2)Ru(a)(bpy-NH-CO-trpy)Ru(b)(bpy)(OH(2))](4+) ([TiO(2)-Ru(a)(II)-Ru(b)(II)-OH(2)](4+); ((PO(3)H(2)-CH(2))(2)-bpy = ([2,2'-bipyridine]-4,4'-diylbis(methylene))diphosphonic acid); bpy-ph-NH-CO-trpy = 4-([2,2':6',2″-terpyridin]-4'-yl)-N-((4'-methyl-[2,2'-bipyridin]-4-yl)methyl) benzamide); bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine). This assembly combines a light-harvesting chromophore and a water oxidation catalyst linked by a synthetically flexible saturated bridge designed to enable long-lived charge-separated states. Following excitation of the chromophore, rapid electron injection into TiO(2) and intra-assembly electron transfer occur on the subnanosecond time scale followed by microsecond-millisecond back electron transfer from the semiconductor to the oxidized catalyst, [TiO(2)(e(-))-Ru(a)(II)-Ru(b)(III)-OH(2)](4+)→[TiO(2)-Ru(a)(II)-Ru(b)(II)-OH(2)](4+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis L Ashford
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
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Noguchi T, Suzuki H, Tsuno M, Sugiura M, Kato C. Time-Resolved Infrared Detection of the Proton and Protein Dynamics during Photosynthetic Oxygen Evolution. Biochemistry 2012; 51:3205-14. [DOI: 10.1021/bi300294n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Noguchi
- Division of Material Science,
Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Masaya Tsuno
- Division of Material Science,
Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Miwa Sugiura
- Cell-Free Science and Technology
Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama,
Ehime 790-8577, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawauchi,
Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kato
- Kanagawa Industrial Technology Center, Ebina, Kanagawa 243-0435, Japan
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Cardona T, Sedoud A, Cox N, Rutherford AW. Charge separation in photosystem II: a comparative and evolutionary overview. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1817:26-43. [PMID: 21835158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Our current understanding of the PSII reaction centre owes a great deal to comparisons to the simpler and better understood, purple bacterial reaction centre. Here we provide an overview of the similarities with a focus on charge separation and the electron acceptors. We go on to discuss some of the main differences between the two kinds of reaction centres that have been highlighted by the improving knowledge of PSII. We attempt to relate these differences to functional requirements of water splitting. Some are directly associated with that function, e.g. high oxidation potentials, while others are associated with regulation and protection against photodamage. The protective and regulatory functions are associated with the harsh chemistry performed during its normal function but also with requirements of the enzyme while it is undergoing assembly and repair. Key aspects of PSII reaction centre evolution are also addressed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanai Cardona
- Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay, URA 2096 CNRS, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Müh F, Glöckner C, Hellmich J, Zouni A. Light-induced quinone reduction in photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1817:44-65. [PMID: 21679684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The photosystem II core complex is the water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase of oxygenic photosynthesis situated in the thylakoid membrane of cyanobacteria, algae and plants. It catalyzes the light-induced transfer of electrons from water to plastoquinone accompanied by the net transport of protons from the cytoplasm (stroma) to the lumen, the production of molecular oxygen and the release of plastoquinol into the membrane phase. In this review, we outline our present knowledge about the "acceptor side" of the photosystem II core complex covering the reaction center with focus on the primary (Q(A)) and secondary (Q(B)) quinones situated around the non-heme iron with bound (bi)carbonate and a comparison with the reaction center of purple bacteria. Related topics addressed are quinone diffusion channels for plastoquinone/plastoquinol exchange, the newly discovered third quinone Q(C), the relevance of lipids, the interactions of quinones with the still enigmatic cytochrome b559 and the role of Q(A) in photoinhibition and photoprotection mechanisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Müh
- Max-Volmer-Laboratorium für Biophysikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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Takahashi R, Hasegawa K, Takano A, Noguchi T. Structures and Binding Sites of Phenolic Herbicides in the QB Pocket of Photosystem II. Biochemistry 2010; 49:5445-54. [DOI: 10.1021/bi100639q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryouta Takahashi
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- AdvanceSoft Corporation, Akasaka, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan
| | - Akira Takano
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takumi Noguchi
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nogoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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Renger G, Renger T. Photosystem II: The machinery of photosynthetic water splitting. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2008; 98:53-80. [PMID: 18830685 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-008-9345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes our current state of knowledge on the structural organization and functional pattern of photosynthetic water splitting in the multimeric Photosystem II (PS II) complex, which acts as a light-driven water: plastoquinone-oxidoreductase. The overall process comprises three types of reaction sequences: (1) photon absorption and excited singlet state trapping by charge separation leading to the ion radical pair [Formula: see text] formation, (2) oxidative water splitting into four protons and molecular dioxygen at the water oxidizing complex (WOC) with P680+* as driving force and tyrosine Y(Z) as intermediary redox carrier, and (3) reduction of plastoquinone to plastoquinol at the special Q(B) binding site with Q(A)-* acting as reductant. Based on recent progress in structure analysis and using new theoretical approaches the mechanism of reaction sequence (1) is discussed with special emphasis on the excited energy transfer pathways and the sequence of charge transfer steps: [Formula: see text] where (1)(RC-PC)* denotes the excited singlet state (1)P680* of the reaction centre pigment complex. The structure of the catalytic Mn(4)O(X)Ca cluster of the WOC and the four step reaction sequence leading to oxidative water splitting are described and problems arising for the electronic configuration, in particular for the nature of redox state S(3), are discussed. The unravelling of the mode of O-O bond formation is of key relevance for understanding the mechanism of the process. This problem is not yet solved. A multistate model is proposed for S(3) and the functional role of proton shifts and hydrogen bond network(s) is emphasized. Analogously, the structure of the Q(B) site for PQ reduction to PQH(2) and the energetic and kinetics of the two step redox reaction sequence are described. Furthermore, the relevance of the protein dynamics and the role of water molecules for its flexibility are briefly outlined. We end this review by presenting future perspectives on the water oxidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Renger
- Max Volmer Laboratory for Biophysical Chemistry, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany.
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Takano A, Takahashi R, Suzuki H, Noguchi T. Herbicide effect on the hydrogen-bonding interaction of the primary quinone electron acceptor QA in photosystem II as studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2008; 98:159-167. [PMID: 18425599 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-008-9302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2007] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The redox potential of Q(A) in photosystem II (PSII) is known to be lower by approximately 100 mV in the presence of phenolic herbicides compared with the presence of DCMU-type herbicides. In this study, the structural basis underlying the herbicide effects on the Q(A) redox potential was studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Light-induced Q(A)(-)/Q(A) FTIR difference spectra of Mn-depleted PSII membranes in the presence of DCMU, atrazine, terbutryn, and bromacil showed a strong CO stretching peak of Q(A)(-) at 1,479 cm(-1), while binding of phenolic herbicides, bromoxynil and ioxynil, induced a small but clear downshift by approximately 1 cm(-1). The CO peak positions and the small frequency difference were reproduced in the S(2)Q(A)(-)/S(1)Q(A) spectra of oxygen-evolving PSII membranes with DCMU and bromoxynil. The relationship of the CO frequency with herbicide species correlated well with that of the peak temperatures of thermoluminescence due to S(2)Q(A)(-) recombination. Density functional theory calculations of model hydrogen-bonded complexes of plastoquinone radical anion showed that the small shift of the CO frequency is consistent with a change in the hydrogen-bond structure most likely as a change in its strength. The Q(A)(-)/Q(A) spectra in the presence of bromoxynil, and ioxynil, which bear a nitrile group in the phenolic ring, also showed CN stretching bands around 2,210 cm(-1). Comparison with the CN frequencies of bromoxynil in solutions suggested that the phenolic herbicides take a phenotate anion form in the Q(B) pocket. It was proposed that interaction of the phenolic C-O(-) with D1-His215 changes the strength of the hydrogen bond between the CO of Q(A) with D2-His214 via the iron-histidine bridge, causing the decrease in the Q(A) redox potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takano
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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Kern J, Renger G. Photosystem II: structure and mechanism of the water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2007; 94:183-202. [PMID: 17634752 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-007-9201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This mini-review briefly summarizes our current knowledge on the reaction pattern of light-driven water splitting and the structure of Photosystem II that acts as a water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase. The overall process comprises three types of reaction sequences: (a) light-induced charge separation leading to formation of the radical ion pair P680+*QA(-*) ; (b) reduction of plastoquinone to plastoquinol at the QB site via a two-step reaction sequence with QA(-*) as reductant and (c) oxidative water splitting into O2 and four protons at a manganese-containing catalytic site via a four-step sequence driven by P680+* as oxidant and a redox active tyrosine YZ acting as mediator. Based on recent progress in X-ray diffraction crystallographic structure analysis the array of the cofactors within the protein matrix is discussed in relation to the functional pattern. Special emphasis is paid on the structure of the catalytic sites of PQH2 formation (QB-site) and oxidative water splitting (Mn4OxCa cluster). The energetics and kinetics of the reactions taking place at these sites are presented only in a very concise manner with reference to recent up-to-date reviews. It is illustrated that several questions on the mechanism of oxidative water splitting and the structure of the catalytic sites are far from being satisfactorily answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kern
- Institut für Chemie, Max-Volmer-Laboratorium für Biophysikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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Noguchi T. Light-induced FTIR difference spectroscopy as a powerful tool toward understanding the molecular mechanism of photosynthetic oxygen evolution. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2007; 91:59-69. [PMID: 17279438 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-007-9137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of photosynthetic oxygen evolution remains a mystery in photosynthesis research. Although recent X-ray crystallographic studies of the photosystem II core complex at 3.0-3.5 A resolutions have revealed the structure of the oxygen-evolving center (OEC), with approximate positions of the Mn and Ca ions and the amino acid ligands, elucidation of its detailed structure and the reactions during the S-state cycle awaits further spectroscopic investigations. Light-induced Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy was first applied to the OEC in 1992 as detection of its structural changes upon the S(1)-->S(2) transition, and spectra during the S-state cycle induced by consecutive flashes were reported in 2001. These FTIR spectra provide extensive structural information on the amino acid side groups, polypeptide chains, metal core, and water molecules, which constitute the OEC and are involved in its reaction. FTIR spectroscopy is thus becoming a powerful tool in investigating the reaction mechanism of photosynthetic oxygen evolution. In this mini-review, the measurement method of light-induced FTIR spectra of OEC is introduced and the results obtained thus far using this technique are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Noguchi
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan.
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