1
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Drabik D, Hinc P, Stephan M, Cavalcanti RRM, Czogalla A, Dimova R. Effect of leaflet asymmetry on the stretching elasticity of lipid bilayers with phosphatidic acid. Biophys J 2024; 123:2406-2421. [PMID: 38822521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The asymmetry of membranes has a significant impact on their biophysical characteristics and behavior. This study investigates the composition and mechanical properties of symmetric and asymmetric membranes in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) made of palmitoyloleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC) and palmitoyloleoyl phosphatidic acid (POPA). A combination of fluorescence quantification, zeta potential measurements, micropipette aspiration, and bilayer molecular dynamics simulations are used to characterize these membranes. The outer leaflet composition in vesicles is found consistent across the two preparation methods we employed, namely electroformation and inverted emulsion transfer. However, characterizing the inner leaflet poses challenges. Micropipette aspiration of GUVs show that oil residues do not substantially alter membrane elasticity, but simulations reveal increased membrane thickness and decreased interleaflet coupling in the presence of oil. Asymmetric membranes with a POPC:POPA mixture in the outer leaflet and POPC in the inner leaflet display similar stretching elasticity values to symmetric POPC:POPA membranes, suggesting potential POPA insertion into the inner leaflet during vesicle formation and suppressed asymmetry. The inverse compositional asymmetry, with POPC in the outer leaflet and POPC:POPA in the inner one yield less stretchable membranes with higher compressibility modulus compared with their symmetric counterparts. Challenges in achieving and predicting compositional correspondence highlight the limitations of phase-transfer-based methods. In addition, caution is advised when using fluorescently labeled lipids (even at low fractions of 0.5 mol %), as unexpected gel-like domains in symmetric POPC:POPA membranes were observed only with a specific type of labeled DOPE (dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine) and the same fraction of unlabeled DOPE. The latter suggest that such domain formation may result from interactions between lipids and membrane fluorescent probes. Overall, this study underscores the complexity of factors influencing GUV membrane asymmetry, emphasizing the need for further research and improvement of characterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Drabik
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Hinc
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mareike Stephan
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
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2
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Thomas N, Combs W, Mandadapu KK, Agrawal A. Preferential electrostatic interactions of phosphatidic acid with arginines. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2998-3006. [PMID: 38482724 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00088a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is an anionic lipid that preferentially interacts with proteins in a diverse set of cellular processes such as transport, apoptosis, and neurotransmission. One such interaction is that of the PA lipids with the proteins of voltage-sensitive ion channels. In comparison to several other similarly charged anionic lipids, PA lipids exhibit much stronger interactions. Intrigued and motivated by this finding, we sought out to gain deeper understanding into the electrostatic interactions of anionic lipids with charged proteins. Using the voltage sensor domain (VSD) of the KvAP channel as a model system, we performed long-timescale atomistic simulations to analyze the interactions of POPA, POPG, and POPI lipids with arginines (ARGs). Our simulations reveal two mechanisms. First, POPA is able to interact not only with surface ARGs but is able to snorkel and interact with a buried arginine. POPG and POPI lipids on the other hand show weak interactions even with both the surface and buried ARGs. Second, deprotonated POPA with -2 charge is able to break the salt-bridge connection between VSD protein segments and establish its own electrostatic bond with the ARG. Based on these findings, we propose a headgroup size hypothesis for preferential solvation of proteins by charged lipids. These findings may be valuable in understanding how PA lipids could be modulating kinematics of transmembrane proteins in cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhin Thomas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Wesley Combs
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Kranthi K Mandadapu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ashutosh Agrawal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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3
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Neukam M, Sala P, Brunner AD, Ganß K, Palladini A, Grzybek M, Topcheva O, Vasiljević J, Broichhagen J, Johnsson K, Kurth T, Mann M, Coskun Ü, Solimena M. Purification of time-resolved insulin granules reveals proteomic and lipidomic changes during granule aging. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113836. [PMID: 38421874 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Endocrine cells employ regulated exocytosis of secretory granules to secrete hormones and neurotransmitters. Secretory granule exocytosis depends on spatiotemporal variables such as proximity to the plasma membrane and age, with newly generated granules being preferentially released. Despite recent advances, we lack a comprehensive view of the molecular composition of insulin granules and associated changes over their lifetime. Here, we report a strategy for the purification of insulin secretory granules of distinct age from insulinoma INS-1 cells. Tagging the granule-resident protein phogrin with a cleavable CLIP tag, we obtain intact fractions of age-distinct granules for proteomic and lipidomic analyses. We find that the lipid composition changes over time, along with the physical properties of the membrane, and that kinesin-1 heavy chain (KIF5b) as well as Ras-related protein 3a (RAB3a) associate preferentially with younger granules. Further, we identify the Rho GTPase-activating protein (ARHGAP1) as a cytosolic factor associated with insulin granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Neukam
- Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Pia Sala
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Center of Membrane Biochemistry and Lipid Research, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Ganß
- Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alessandra Palladini
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Center of Membrane Biochemistry and Lipid Research, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michal Grzybek
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Center of Membrane Biochemistry and Lipid Research, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oleksandra Topcheva
- Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jovana Vasiljević
- Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Johnsson
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kurth
- TU Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technology Platform, Electron Microscopy and Histology Facility, 01307 Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ünal Coskun
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Center of Membrane Biochemistry and Lipid Research, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michele Solimena
- Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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4
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Tang H, Abouleila Y, Saris A, Shimizu Y, Ottenhoff THM, Mashaghi A. Ebola virus-like particles reprogram cellular metabolism. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:557-568. [PMID: 36959259 PMCID: PMC10036248 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Ebola virus can trigger a release of pro-inflammatory cytokines with subsequent vascular leakage and impairment of clotting finally leading to multiorgan failure and shock after entering and infecting patients. Ebola virus is known to directly target endothelial cells and macrophages, even without infecting them, through direct interactions with viral proteins. These interactions affect cellular mechanics and immune processes, which are tightly linked to other key cellular functions such as metabolism. However, research regarding metabolic activity of these cells upon viral exposure remains limited, hampering our understanding of its pathophysiology and progression. Therefore, in the present study, an untargeted cellular metabolomic approach was performed to investigate the metabolic alterations of primary human endothelial cells and M1 and M2 macrophages upon exposure to Ebola virus-like particles (VLP). The results show that Ebola VLP led to metabolic changes among endothelial, M1, and M2 cells. Differential metabolite abundance and perturbed signaling pathway analysis further identified specific metabolic features, mainly in fatty acid-, steroid-, and amino acid-related metabolism pathways for all the three cell types, in a host cell specific manner. Taken together, this work characterized for the first time the metabolic alternations of endothelial cells and two primary human macrophage subtypes after Ebola VLP exposure, and identified the potential metabolites and pathways differentially affected, highlighting the important role of those host cells in disease development and progression. KEY MESSAGES: • Ebola VLP can lead to metabolic alternations in endothelial cells and M1 and M2 macrophages. • Differential abundance of metabolites, mainly including fatty acids and sterol lipids, was observed after Ebola VLP exposure. • Multiple fatty acid-, steroid-, and amino acid-related metabolism pathways were observed perturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqi Tang
- Medical Systems Biophysics and Bioengineering, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yasmine Abouleila
- Medical Systems Biophysics and Bioengineering, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anno Saris
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alireza Mashaghi
- Medical Systems Biophysics and Bioengineering, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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5
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Kwarteng DO, Gangoda M, Kooijman EE. The effect of methylated phosphatidylethanolamine derivatives on the ionization properties of signaling phosphatidic acid. Biophys Chem 2023; 296:107005. [PMID: 36934676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and Phosphatidylcholine (PC) are the most abundant glycerophospholipids in eukaryotic membranes. The differences in the physicochemical properties of their headgroups have contrasting modulatory effects on their interaction with intracellular macromolecules. As such, their overall impact on membrane structure and function differs significantly. Enzymatic methylation of PE's amine headgroup produces two methylated derivatives namely monomethyl PE (MMPE) and dimethyl PE (DMPE) which have physicochemical properties that generally range between that of PE and PC. Additionally, their influence on membrane properties differs from both PE and PC. Although variations in headgroup methylation have been reported to affect signaling pathways, the direct influence that these differences exert on the ionization properties of signaling phospholipids have not been investigated. Here, we briefly review membrane function and structure that are mediated by the differences in headgroup methylation between PE, MMPE, DMPE and PC. In addition, using 31P MAS NMR, we investigate the effect of these four phospholipids on the ionization properties of the ubiquitous signaling anionic lipid phosphatidic acid (PA). Our results show that PA's ionization properties are differentially affected by changes in phospholipid headgroup methylation. This could have important implications for PA-protein binding and hence physiological functions in cells where signaling events lead to changes in abundance of methylated PE derivatives in the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Owusu Kwarteng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, P.O. Box 5190, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
| | - Mahinda Gangoda
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Kent State University, P.O. Box 5190, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Edgar E Kooijman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, P.O. Box 5190, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
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6
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Umegawa Y, Kawatake S, Murata M, Matsuoka S. Combined effect of the head groups and alkyl chains of archaea lipids when interacting with bacteriorhodopsin. Biophys Chem 2023; 294:106959. [PMID: 36709544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.106959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriorhodopsin (bR), a transmembrane protein with seven α-helices, is highly expressed in the purple membrane (PM) of archaea such as Halobacterium salinarum. It is well known that bR forms two-dimensional crystals with acidic lipids such as phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP-Me)-a major component of PM lipids bearing unique chemical structures-methyl-branched alkyl chains, ether linkages, and divalent anionic head groups with two phosphodiester groups. Therefore, we aimed to determine which functional groups of PGP-Me are essential for the boundary lipids of bR and how these functionalities interact with bR. To this end, we compared various well-known phospholipids (PLs) that carry one of the structural features of PGP-Me, and evaluated the affinity of PLs to bR using the centerband-only analysis of rotor-unsynchronized spin echo (COARSE) method in solid-state NMR measurements and thermal shift assays. The results clearly showed that the branched methyl groups of alkyl chains and double negative charges in the head groups are important for PL interactions with bR. We then examined the effect of phospholipids on the monomer-trimer exchange of bR using circular dichroism (CD) spectra. The results indicated that the divalent negative charge in a head group stabilizes the trimer structure, while the branched methyl chains significantly enhance the PLs' affinity for bR, thus dispersing bR trimers in the PM even at high concentrations. Finally, we investigated the effects of PL on the proton-pumping activity of bR based on the decay rate constant of the M intermediate of a bR photocycle. The findings showed that bR activities decreased to 20% in 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (DMPA), and in 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPhPC) bilayers as compared to that in PM. Meanwhile, 1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (DPhPA) bilayers bearing both negative charges and branched methyl groups preserved over 80% of the activity. These results strongly suggest that the head groups and alkyl chains of phospholipids are essential for boundary lipids and greatly influence the biological function of bR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Umegawa
- JST ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Kawatake
- JST ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- JST ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shigeru Matsuoka
- JST ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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7
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Sule K, Anikovskiy M, Prenner EJ. Lipid Structure Determines the Differential Impact of Single Metal Additions and Binary Mixtures of Manganese, Calcium and Magnesium on Membrane Fluidity and Liposome Size. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021066. [PMID: 36674581 PMCID: PMC9860990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Unilamellar vesicles of the biologically relevant lipids phosphatidic acid (PA) and phosphatidylserine (PS) with fully saturated (DM-) or partly unsaturated (PO-) acyl side chains were exposed to Ca, Mn and Mg in single metal additions; in equimolar mixtures or by sequential additions of one metal at a time. Laurdan generalized polarization measured the membrane fluidity, while dynamic light scattering reported liposome size changes complemented by zeta potential. All metals induced membrane rigidity and increased liposome sizes across all systems. Mn had the strongest effect overall, but Mg was comparable for DMPS. Lipid side chain architecture was important as GP values for binary mixtures were higher than expected from the sum of values for single additions added to POPS but smaller for DMPS. Sequential additions were predominantly different for Ca:Mg mixtures. Mn induced the strongest increase of liposome size in saturated lipids whereas Ca effects dominated unsaturated matrices. Binary additions induced larger sizes than the sum of single additions for POPS, but much lower changes in DMPA. The order of addition was relevant for PS systems. Thus, lipid structure determines metal effects, but their impact is modulated by other ions. Thus, metal effects may differ with the local lipid architecture and metal concentrations within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sule
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Max Anikovskiy
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Elmar J. Prenner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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8
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van Walree CA. Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in DIBMA Model Compounds. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.202200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis A. van Walree
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics Utrecht University Padualaan 8 Utrecht 3584 CH Netherlands
- University College Utrecht Campusplein 1 Utrecht 3584 ED the Netherlands
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9
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Muller MP, Morrissey JH, Tajkhorshid E. Molecular View into Preferential Binding of the Factor VII Gla Domain to Phosphatidic Acid. Biochemistry 2022; 61:1694-1703. [PMID: 35853076 PMCID: PMC9637449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Factor VII (FVII) is a serine protease with a key role in initiating the coagulation cascade. It is part of a family of vitamin K-dependent clotting proteins, which require vitamin K for formation of their specialized membrane-binding domains (Gla domains). Membrane binding of the FVII Gla domain is critical to the activity of FVII, mediating the formation of its complex with other clotting factors. While Gla domains among coagulation factors are highly conserved in terms of amino acid sequence and structure, they demonstrate differential binding specificity toward anionic lipids. Although most Gla domain-containing clotting proteins display a strong preference for phosphatidylserine (PS), it has been demonstrated that FVII and protein C instead bind preferentially to phosphatidic acid (PA). We have developed the first model of the FVII Gla domain bound to PA lipids in membranes containing PA, the highly mobile membrane mimetic model, which accelerates slow diffusion of lipids in molecular dynamics simulations and therefore facilitates the membrane binding process and enhances sampling of lipid interactions. Simulations were performed using atomic level molecular dynamics, requiring a fixed charge to all atoms. The overall charge assigned to each PA lipid for this study was -1. We also developed an additional model of the FVII Gla domain bound to a 1:1 PS/PC membrane and compared the modes of binding of PS and PA lipids to FVII, allowing us to identify potential PA-specific binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie P Muller
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - James H Morrissey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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10
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Sule K, Prenner EJ. Lipid headgroup and side chain architecture determine manganese-induced dose dependent membrane rigidification and liposome size increase. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2022; 51:205-223. [PMID: 35166865 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-022-01589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal ion-membrane interactions have gained appreciable attention over the years resulting in increasing investigations into the mode of action of toxic and essential metals. More work has focused on essential ions like Ca or Mg and toxic metals like Cd and Pb, whereas this study investigates the effects of the abundant essential trace metal manganese with model lipid systems by screening zwitterionic and anionic glycerophospholipids. Despite its essentiality, deleterious impact towards cell survival is known under Mn stress. The fluorescent dyes Laurdan and diphenylhexatriene were used to assess changes in membrane fluidity both in the head group and hydrophobic core region of the membrane, respectively. Mn-rigidified membranes composed of the anionic phospholipids, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, and phosphatidylserine. Strong binding resulted in large shifts of the phase transition temperature. The increase was in the order phosphatidylserine > phosphatidylglycerol > cardiolipin, and in all cases, saturated analogues > mono-unsaturated forms. Dynamic light scattering measurements revealed that Mn caused extensive aggregation of liposomes composed of saturated analogues of phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine, whilst the mono-unsaturated analogue had significant membrane swelling. Increased membrane rigidity may interfere with permeability of ions and small molecules, possibly disrupting cellular homeostasis. Moreover, liposome size changes could indicate fusion, which could also be detrimental to cellular transport. Overall, this study provided further understanding into the effects of Mn with biomembranes, whereby the altered membrane properties are consequential to the proper structural and signalling functions of membrane lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sule
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Elmar J Prenner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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11
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John Peter AT, Schie SNS, Cheung NJ, Michel AH, Peter M, Kornmann B. Rewiring phospholipid biosynthesis reveals resilience to membrane perturbations and uncovers regulators of lipid homeostasis. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109998. [PMID: 35188676 PMCID: PMC8982615 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The organelles of eukaryotic cells differ in their membrane lipid composition. This heterogeneity is achieved by the localization of lipid synthesizing and modifying enzymes to specific compartments, as well as by intracellular lipid transport that utilizes vesicular and non‐vesicular routes to ferry lipids from their place of synthesis to their destination. For instance, the major and essential phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), can be produced by multiple pathways and, in the case of PE, also at multiple locations. However, the molecular components that underlie lipid homeostasis as well as the routes allowing their distribution remain unclear. Here, we present an approach in which we simplify and rewire yeast phospholipid synthesis by redirecting PE and PC synthesis reactions to distinct subcellular locations using chimeric enzymes fused to specific organelle targeting motifs. In rewired conditions, viability is expected to depend on homeostatic adaptation to the ensuing lipostatic perturbations and on efficient interorganelle lipid transport. We therefore performed genetic screens to identify factors involved in both of these processes. Among the candidates identified, we find genes linked to transcriptional regulation of lipid homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and transport. In particular, we identify a requirement for Csf1—an uncharacterized protein harboring a Chorein‐N lipid transport motif—for survival under certain rewired conditions as well as lipidomic adaptation to cold, implicating Csf1 in interorganelle lipid transport and homeostatic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ngaam J Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Agnès H Michel
- Department of Biochemistry University of Oxford Oxford UK
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12
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The Electrostatic Basis of Diacylglycerol Pyrophosphate—Protein Interaction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020290. [PMID: 35053406 PMCID: PMC8774204 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol pyrophosphate (DGPP) is an anionic phospholipid formed in plants, yeast, and parasites under multiple stress stimuli. It is synthesized by the phosphorylation action of phosphatidic acid (PA) kinase on phosphatidic acid, a signaling lipid with multifunctional properties. PA functions in the membrane through the interaction of its negatively charged phosphomonoester headgroup with positively charged proteins and ions. DGPP, like PA, can interact electrostatically via the electrostatic-hydrogen bond switch mechanism but differs from PA in its overall charge and shape. The formation of DGPP from PA alters the physicochemical properties as well as the structural dynamics of the membrane. This potentially impacts the molecular and ionic binding of cationic proteins and ions with the DGPP enriched membrane. However, the results of these important interactions in the stress response and in DGPP’s overall intracellular function is unknown. Here, using 31P MAS NMR, we analyze the effect of the interaction of low DGPP concentrations in model membranes with the peptides KALP23 and WALP23, which are flanked by positively charged Lysine and neutral Tryptophan residues, respectively. Our results show a significant effect of KALP23 on the charge of DGPP as compared to WALP23. There was, however, no significant effect on the charge of the phosphomonoester of DGPP due to the interaction with positively charged lipids, dioleoyl trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) and dioleoyl ethyl-phosphatidylcholine (EtPC). Divalent calcium and magnesium cations induce deprotonation of the DGPP headgroup but showed no noticeable differences on DGPP’s charge. Our results lead to a novel model for DGPP—protein interaction.
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13
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Fillafer C, Koll YS, Schneider MF. Lipid Membrane State Change by Catalytic Protonation and the Implications for Synaptic Transmission. MEMBRANES 2021; 12:5. [PMID: 35054529 PMCID: PMC8781637 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In cholinergic synapses, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases to choline and acetic acid (AH). It is believed that this reaction serves the purpose of deactivating ACh once it has exerted its effect on a receptor protein (AChR). The protons liberated in this reaction, however, may by themselves excite the postsynaptic membrane. Herein, we investigated the response of cell membrane models made from phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidic acid (PA) to ACh in the presence and absence of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Without a catalyst, there were no significant effects of ACh on the membrane state (lateral pressure change ≤0.5 mN/m). In contrast, strong responses were observed in membranes made from PS and PA when ACh was applied in presence of AChE (>5 mN/m). Control experiments demonstrated that this effect was due to the protonation of lipid headgroups, which is maximal at the pK (for PS: pKCOOH≈5.0; for PA: pKHPO4-≈8.5). These findings are physiologically relevant, because both of these lipids are present in postsynaptic membranes. Furthermore, we discussed evidence which suggests that AChR assembles a lipid-protein interface that is proton-sensitive in the vicinity of pH 7.5. Such a membrane could be excited by hydrolysis of micromolar amounts of ACh. Based on these results, we proposed that cholinergic transmission is due to postsynaptic membrane protonation. Our model will be falsified if cholinergic membranes do not respond to acidification.
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14
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Iriondo MN, Etxaniz A, Antón Z, Montes LR, Alonso A. Molecular and mesoscopic geometries in autophagosome generation. A review. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183731. [PMID: 34419487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential process in cell self-repair and survival. The centre of the autophagic event is the generation of the so-called autophagosome (AP), a vesicle surrounded by a double membrane (two bilayers). The AP delivers its cargo to a lysosome, for degradation and re-use of the hydrolysis products as new building blocks. AP formation is a very complex event, requiring dozens of specific proteins, and involving numerous instances of membrane biogenesis and architecture, including membrane fusion and fission. Many stages of AP generation can be rationalised in terms of curvature, both the molecular geometry of lipids interpreted in terms of 'intrinsic curvature', and the overall mesoscopic curvature of the whole membrane, as observed with microscopy techniques. The present contribution intends to bring together the worlds of biophysics and cell biology of autophagy, in the hope that the resulting cross-pollination will generate abundant fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina N Iriondo
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Asier Etxaniz
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Zuriñe Antón
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - L Ruth Montes
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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15
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Zhang XX, Young JW, Foster LJ, Duong F. Nanodisc-Based Proteomics Identify Caj1 as an Hsp40 with Affinity for Phosphatidic Acid Lipids. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4831-4839. [PMID: 34519218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many soluble proteins interact with membranes to perform important biological functions, including signal transduction, regulation, transport, trafficking, and biogenesis. Despite their importance, these protein-membrane interactions are difficult to characterize due to their often-transient nature as well as phospholipids' poor solubility in aqueous solution. Here, we employ nanodiscs-small, water-soluble patches of a lipid bilayer encircled with amphipathic scaffold proteins-along with quantitative proteomics to identify lipid-binding proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using nanodiscs reconstituted with yeast total lipid extracts or only phosphatidylethanolamine (PE-nanodiscs), we capture several known membrane-interacting proteins, including the Rab GTPases Sec4 and Ypt1, which play key roles in vesicle trafficking. Utilizing PE-nanodiscs enriched with phosphatidic acid (PEPA-nanodiscs), we specifically capture a member of the Hsp40/J-protein family, Caj1, whose function has recently been linked to membrane protein quality control. We show that the Caj1 interaction with liposomes containing PA is modulated by pH and PE lipids and depends on two patches of positively charged residues near the C-terminus of the protein. The protein Caj1 is the first example of an Hsp40/J-domain protein with affinity for membranes and phosphatidic acid lipid specificity. These findings highlight the utility of combining proteomics with lipid nanodiscs to identify and characterize protein-lipid interactions that may not be evident using other methods. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD027992.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao X Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - John William Young
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Michael Smith Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Franck Duong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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16
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Ionization properties of monophosphoinositides in mixed model membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183692. [PMID: 34265284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are found in low concentration in cellular membranes but perform numerous functions such as signaling, membrane trafficking, protein recruitment and modulation of protein activity. Spatiotemporal regulation by enzymes that phosphorylate and dephosphorylate the inositol ring results in the production of seven distinct and functionally diverse derivatives. Ionization properties of the phosphorylated headgroups of anionic lipids have been shown to impact how they interact with proteins and lipids in the membrane. While the ionization properties of the three bis and one tris phosphorylated forms have been studied in physiologically relevant model membranes, that of the monophosphorylated forms (i.e., phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P), phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P), phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate (PI5P)) has received less attention. Here, we used 31P MAS NMR to determine the charge of 5 mol% of the monophosphorylated derivatives in pure dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and DOPC/dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) bilayers as a function of pH. We find that PI3P, PI4P and PI5P each have unique pKa2 values in a DOPC bilayer, and each is reduced in DOPC/DOPE model membranes through the interaction of their headgroups with DOPE according to the electrostatic-hydrogen bond switch model. In this study, using model membranes mimicking the plasma membrane (inner leaflet), Golgi, nuclear membrane, and endosome (outer leaflet), we show that PI3P, PI4P or PI5P maximize their charge at neutral pH. Our results shed light on the electrostatics of the monophosphorylated headgroups of PI3P, PI4P, and PI5P and form the basis of their intracellular functions.
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17
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Mirheydari M, Putta P, Mann EK, Kooijman EE. Interaction of Two Amphipathic α-Helix Bundle Proteins, ApoLp-III and ApoE 3, with the Oil-Aqueous Interface. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:4746-4756. [PMID: 33939404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein-lipid interactions govern the structure and function of lipoprotein particles, which transport neutral lipids and other hydrophobic cargo through the blood stream. Apolipoproteins cover the surface of lipoprotein particles, including low-density (LDL) and high-density (HDL) lipoproteins, and determine their function. Previous work has focused on small peptides derived from these apolipoproteins or used such artificial lipid systems as Langmuir monolayers or the lipid disc assay to determine how apolipoproteins interact with the neutral lipid interface. Here, we focus on a recurring protein domain found in many neutral lipid-binding proteins, the amphipathic α-helix bundle. We use liquid droplet tensiometry to investigate protein-lipid interactions on an oil droplet, which mimics the real lipoprotein interface. The N-terminus of apoE 3 and full-length apoLp-III serve as model proteins. We find that each protein interacts with lipid monolayers at the oil-aqueous interface in unique ways. For the first time, we show that helix bundle unfolding is critical for proper protein insertion into the lipid monolayer at the oil-aqueous interface and that specific membrane lipids promote the rebinding of protein upon fluctuation in droplet size. These results shed new light on how amphipathic apolipoprotein α-helix bundles interact with neutral lipid particles.
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18
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Putta P, Creque E, Piontkivska H, Kooijman EE. Lipid-protein interactions for ECA1 an N-ANTH domain protein involved in stress signaling in plants. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 231:104919. [PMID: 32416105 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Epsin-like Clathrin Adaptor 1 (ECA1/ PICALM1A) is an A/ENTH domain protein that acts as an adaptor protein in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. ECA1 is recruited to the membrane during salt stress signaling in plants in a phosphatidic acid (PA)-dependent manner. PA is a lipid second messenger that rapidly and transiently increases in concentration under stress stimuli. Upon an increase in PA concentration another lipid, diacylglycerol pyrophosphate (DGPP), starts to accumulate. The accumulation of DGPP is suggested to be a cue for attenuating PA signaling during stress in plants. We showed in vitro that ECA1-PA binding is modulated as a function of membrane curvature stress and charge. In this work, we investigate ECA1 binding to DGPP in comparison with PA. We show that ECA1 has more affinity for the less charged PA, and this binding is pH dependent. Additionally, plant PA binding proteins SnRK2.10, TGD2C, and PDK1-PH2 were investigated for their interaction with DGPP, since no known DGPP binding proteins are available in the literature to date. Our results shed further light on DGPP and its interactions with membrane proteins which brings us closer toward understanding the complexity of protein interactions with anionic lipids, especially the enigmatic anionic lipid DGPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Putta
- Biological Sciences, Kent State University, PO Box 5109, 44242 Kent, OH, USA.
| | - Emily Creque
- Biological Sciences, Kent State University, PO Box 5109, 44242 Kent, OH, USA.
| | - Helen Piontkivska
- Biological Sciences, Kent State University, PO Box 5109, 44242 Kent, OH, USA.
| | - Edgar E Kooijman
- Biological Sciences, Kent State University, PO Box 5109, 44242 Kent, OH, USA.
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19
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Differential impact of synthetic antitumor lipid drugs on the membrane organization of phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol monolayers. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 229:104896. [PMID: 32184083 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anti-tumour lipids are synthetic analogues of lysophosphatidylcholine. These drugs are both cytotoxic and cytostatic, and more interestingly, exert these effects preferentially in tumour cells. While the exact mechanism of action isn't fully elucidated, these drugs appear to preferentially partition into rigid lipid domains in cell membranes. Upon insertion, the compounds alter membrane domain organization, disrupt normal signal transduction, and cause cell death. Recently, it has been reported that these drugs induce accumulation of diacylglycerol in yeast cells which in turn sensitizes cells to the drugs. Conversely, phosphatidic acid accumulation appears to protect cells against the drugs. In the current work, the aim was to compare the biophysical effects of the drugs edelfosine, miltefosine and perifosine on monolayers of dimyristoyl phosphatidic acid, dimyristoyl glycerol and an equimolar mixture, to understand how these lipids modulate the mode of action. Surface pressure - area isotherms, compression moduli and Brewster angle microscopy were used to compare drug effects on lipid packing, monolayer compressibility and lateral domain organization of these films. Results suggest that edelfosine and miltefosine have stabilizing effects on all of the monolayers, while perifosine destabilizes dimyristoyl glycerol and the equimolar mixture. Additionally, all three drugs change the morphology of the domains observed. Based on these results the stabilization of diacylgylcerol by edelfosine and miltefosine may contribute to the mode of action as diacylglycerol is a known disruptor of bilayers. Perifosine however does not stabilize diacylglycerol, and therefore cell death may occur through a more direct inhibition of specific signal transduction. These results suggest that perifosine may illicit cytotoxicity through a different mechanism compared to the other antitumor lipid drugs.
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20
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Peppino Margutti M, Wilke N, Villasuso AL. Influence of Ca 2+ on the surface behavior of phosphatidic acid and its mixture with diacylglycerol pyrophosphate at different pHs. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 228:104887. [PMID: 32027867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The signaling lipids phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol pyrophosphate (DGPP) are involved in regulating the stress response in plants. PA and DGPP are anionic lipids consisting of a negatively charged phosphomonoester or pyrophosphate group attached to diacylglycerol, respectively. Changes in the pH modulate the protonation of their head groups modifying the interaction with other effectors. Here, we examine in a controlled system how the presence of Ca2+ modulates the surface organization of dioleyl diacylglycerol pyrophosphate (DGPP) and its interaction with dioleoyl phosphatidic acid (DOPA) at different pHs. Both lipids formed expanded monolayers at pH 5 and 8. At acid and basic pHs, monolayers formed by DOPA or DGPP became denser when Ca2+ was added to the subphase. At pH 5, Ca2+ also induced an increase of surface potential of both lipids. Conversely, at pH 8 the effects induced by the presence of Ca2+ on the surface potential were reversed. Mixed monolayers of DOPA and DGPP showed a non-ideal behavior. The addition of even tiny amounts of DGPP to DOPA films caused a reduction of the mean molecular area. This effect was more evident at pH 8 compared to pH 5. Our finding suggests that low amounts of DGPP in an film enriched in DOPA could lead to a local increase in film packing with a concomitant change in the local polarization, further regulated by local pH. This fact may have implications for the assigned role of PA as a pH-sensing phospholipid or during its interaction with proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Peppino Margutti
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, FCEFQyN, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Natalia Wilke
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Laura Villasuso
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, FCEFQyN, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Río Cuarto, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud, (INBIAS), Río Cuarto, Argentina.
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21
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Garidel P, Blume A. Electrostatic interactions of alkaline earth cations with 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidic acid (DMPA) model membranes at neutral and acidic pH. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2019; 48:757-772. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-019-01402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Zhukovsky MA, Filograna A, Luini A, Corda D, Valente C. Phosphatidic acid in membrane rearrangements. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2428-2451. [PMID: 31365767 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is the simplest cellular glycerophospholipid characterized by unique biophysical properties: a small headgroup; negative charge; and a phosphomonoester group. Upon interaction with lysine or arginine, PA charge increases from -1 to -2 and this change stabilizes protein-lipid interactions. The biochemical properties of PA also allow interactions with lipids in several subcellular compartments. Based on this feature, PA is involved in the regulation and amplification of many cellular signalling pathways and functions, as well as in membrane rearrangements. Thereby, PA can influence membrane fusion and fission through four main mechanisms: it is a substrate for enzymes producing lipids (lysophosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol) that are involved in fission or fusion; it contributes to membrane rearrangements by generating negative membrane curvature; it interacts with proteins required for membrane fusion and fission; and it activates enzymes whose products are involved in membrane rearrangements. Here, we discuss the biophysical properties of PA in the context of the above four roles of PA in membrane fusion and fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Zhukovsky
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Filograna
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Valente
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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23
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Zhukovsky MA, Filograna A, Luini A, Corda D, Valente C. The Structure and Function of Acylglycerophosphate Acyltransferase 4/ Lysophosphatidic Acid Acyltransferase Delta (AGPAT4/LPAATδ). Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:147. [PMID: 31428612 PMCID: PMC6688108 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-modifying enzymes serve crucial roles in cellular processes such as signal transduction (producing lipid-derived second messengers), intracellular membrane transport (facilitating membrane remodeling needed for membrane fusion/fission), and protein clustering (organizing lipid domains as anchoring platforms). The lipid products crucial in these processes can derive from different metabolic pathways, thus it is essential to know the localization, substrate specificity, deriving products (and their function) of all lipid-modifying enzymes. Here we discuss an emerging family of these enzymes, the lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (LPAATs), also known as acylglycerophosphate acyltransferases (AGPATs), that produce phosphatidic acid (PA) having as substrates lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and acyl-CoA. Eleven LPAAT/AGPAT enzymes have been identified in mice and humans based on sequence homologies, and their localization, specific substrates and functions explored. We focus on one member of the family, LPAATδ, a protein expressed mainly in brain and in muscle (though to a lesser extent in other tissues); while at the cellular level it is localized at the trans-Golgi network membranes and at the mitochondrial outer membranes. LPAATδ is a physiologically essential enzyme since mice knocked-out for Lpaatδ show severe dysfunctions including cognitive impairment, impaired force contractility and altered white adipose tissue. The LPAATδ physiological roles are related to the formation of its product PA. PA is a multifunctional lipid involved in cell signaling as well as in membrane remodeling. In particular, the LPAATδ-catalyzed conversion of LPA (inverted-cone-shaped lipid) to PA (cone-shaped lipid) is considered a mechanism of deformation of the bilayer that favors membrane fission. Indeed, LPAATδ is an essential component of the fission-inducing machinery driven by the protein BARS. In this process, a protein-tripartite complex (BARS/14-3-3γ/phosphoinositide kinase PI4KIIIβ) is recruited at the trans-Golgi network, at the sites where membrane fission is to occur; there, LPAATδ directly interacts with BARS and is activated by BARS. The resulting formation of PA is essential for membrane fission occurring at those spots. Also in mitochondria PA formation has been related to fusion/fission events. Since PA is formed by various enzymatic pathways in different cell compartments, the BARS-LPAATδ interaction indicates the relevance of lipid-modifying enzymes acting exactly where their products are needed (i.e., PA at the Golgi membranes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Zhukovsky
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Filograna
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Valente
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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24
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Kimura T, Kimura AK, Ren M, Monteiro V, Xu Y, Berno B, Schlame M, Epand RM. Plasmalogen loss caused by remodeling deficiency in mitochondria. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:e201900348. [PMID: 31434794 PMCID: PMC6707388 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid homeostasis is crucial in human health. Barth syndrome (BTHS), a life-threatening disease typically diagnosed with cardiomyopathy and neutropenia, is caused by mutations in the mitochondrial transacylase tafazzin. By high-resolution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with cryoprobe technology, recently we found a dramatic loss of choline plasmalogen in the tafazzin-knockdown (TAZ-KD) mouse heart, besides observing characteristic cardiolipin (CL) alterations in BTHS. In inner mitochondrial membrane where tafazzin locates, CL and diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine are known to be essential via lipid-protein interactions reflecting their cone shape for integrity of respiratory chain supercomplexes and cristae ultrastructure. Here, we investigate the TAZ-KD brain, liver, kidney, and lymphoblast from patients compared with controls. We identified common yet markedly cell type-dependent losses of ethanolamine plasmalogen as the dominant plasmalogen class therein. Tafazzin function thus critically relates to homeostasis of plasmalogen, which in the ethanolamine class has conceivably analogous and more potent molecular functions in mitochondria than diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine. The present discussion of a loss of plasmalogen-protein interaction applies to other diseases with mitochondrial plasmalogen loss and aberrant forms of this organelle, including Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Atsuko K Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Mindong Ren
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vernon Monteiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bob Berno
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Michael Schlame
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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25
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Graber ZT, Thomas J, Johnson E, Gericke A, Kooijman EE. Effect of H-Bond Donor Lipids on Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate Ionization and Clustering. Biophys J 2019; 114:126-136. [PMID: 29320679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide, phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3), is a key signaling lipid in the inner leaflet of the cell plasma membrane, regulating diverse signaling pathways including cell growth and migration. In this study we investigate the impact of the hydrogen-bond donor lipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) on the charge and phase behavior of PI(3,4,5)P3. PE and PI can interact with PI(3,4,5)P3 through hydrogen-bond formation, leading to altered ionization behavior and charge distribution within the PI(3,4,5)P3 headgroup. We quantify the altered PI(3,4,5)P3 ionization behavior using a multistate ionization model to obtain micro-pKa values for the ionization of each phosphate group. The presence of PE leads to a decrease in the pKa values for the initial deprotonation of PI(3,4,5)P3, which describes the removal of the first proton of the three protons remaining at the phosphomonoester groups at pH 4.0. The decrease in these micro-pKa values thus leads to a higher charge at low pH. Additionally, the charge distribution changes lead to increased charge on the 3- and 5-phosphates. In the presence of PI, the final deprotonation of PI(3,4,5)P3 is delayed, leading to a lower charge at high pH. This is due to a combination of hydrogen-bond formation between PI and PI(3,4,5)P3, and increased surface charge due to the addition of the negatively charged PI. The interaction between PI and PI(3,4,5)P3 leads to the formation of PI and PI(3,4,5)P3-enriched domains within the membrane. These domains may have a critical impact on PI(3,4,5)P3-signaling. We also reevaluate results for all phosphatidylinositol bisphosphates as well as for PI(4,5)P2 in complex lipid mixtures with the multistate ionization model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Thomas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Emily Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Arne Gericke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts.
| | - Edgar E Kooijman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
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26
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Medvedev S, Voronina O, Tankelyun O, Bilova T, Suslov D, Bankin M, Mackievic V, Makavitskaya M, Shishova M, Martinec J, Smolikova G, Sharova E, Demidchik V. Phosphatidic acids mediate transport of Ca 2+ and H + through plant cell membranes. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:533-542. [PMID: 30940327 DOI: 10.1071/fp18242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acids (PAs) are a key intermediate in phospholipid biosynthesis, and a central element in numerous signalling pathways. Functions of PAs are related to their fundamental role in molecular interactions within cell membranes modifying membrane bending, budding, fission and fusion. Here we tested the hypothesis that PAs are capable of direct transport of ions across bio-membranes. We have demonstrated that PAs added to the maize plasma membrane vesicles induced ionophore-like transmembrane transport of Ca2+, H+ and Mg2+. PA-induced Ca2+ fluxes increased with an increasing PAs acyl chain unsaturation. For all the PAs analysed, the effect on Ca2+ permeability increased with increasing pH (pH 8.0>pH 7.2>pH 6.0). The PA-induced Ca2+, Mg2+ and H+ permeability was also more pronounced in the endomembrane vesicles as compared with the plasma membrane vesicles. Addition of PA to protoplasts from Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. roots constitutively expressing aequorin triggered elevation of the cytosolic Ca2+ activity, indicating that the observed PA-dependent Ca2+ transport occurs in intact plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Medvedev
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya em. 7-9, 199034, St Petersburg, Russia; and Corresponding authors. Emails: ;
| | - Olga Voronina
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya em. 7-9, 199034, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Tankelyun
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya em. 7-9, 199034, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Bilova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya em. 7-9, 199034, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry Suslov
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya em. 7-9, 199034, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail Bankin
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya em. 7-9, 199034, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Viera Mackievic
- Department of Plant Cell Biology and Bioengineering, Biological Faculty, Belarusian State University, 4 Independence Avenue, Minsk, 220030, Belarus
| | - Maryia Makavitskaya
- Department of Plant Cell Biology and Bioengineering, Biological Faculty, Belarusian State University, 4 Independence Avenue, Minsk, 220030, Belarus
| | - Maria Shishova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya em. 7-9, 199034, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Jan Martinec
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, vvi, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Galina Smolikova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya em. 7-9, 199034, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Sharova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya em. 7-9, 199034, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vadim Demidchik
- Department of Plant Cell Biology and Bioengineering, Biological Faculty, Belarusian State University, 4 Independence Avenue, Minsk, 220030, Belarus; and Corresponding authors. Emails: ;
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27
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Kulig W, Korolainen H, Zatorska M, Kwolek U, Wydro P, Kepczynski M, Róg T. Complex Behavior of Phosphatidylcholine-Phosphatidic Acid Bilayers and Monolayers: Effect of Acyl Chain Unsaturation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:5944-5956. [PMID: 30942590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acids (PAs) have many biological functions in biomembranes, e.g., they are involved in the proliferation, differentiation, and transformation of cells. Despite decades of research, the molecular understanding of how PAs affect the properties of biomembranes remains elusive. In this study, we explored the properties of lipid bilayers and monolayers composed of PAs and phosphatidylcholines (PCs) with various acyl chains. For this purpose, the Langmuir monolayer technique and atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to study the miscibility of PA and PC lipids and the molecular organization of mixed bilayers. The monolayer experiments demonstrated that the miscibility of membrane components strongly depends on the structure of the hydrocarbon chains and thus on the overall lipid shape. Interactions between PA and PC molecules vary from repulsive, for systems containing lipids with saturated and unsaturated acyl tails (strongly positive values of the excess free energy of mixing), to attractive, for systems in which all lipid tails are saturated (negative values of the excess free energy of mixing). The MD simulations provided atomistic insight into polar interactions (formation of hydrogen bonds and charge pairs) in PC-PA systems. H-bonding between PA monoanions and PCs in mixed bilayers is infrequent, and the lipid molecules interact mainly via electrostatic interactions. However, the number of charge pairs significantly decreases with the number of unsaturated lipid chains in the PA-PC system. The PA dianions weakly interact with the zwitterionic lipids, but their headgroups are more hydrated as compared to the monoanionic form. The acyl chains in all PC-PA bilayers are more ordered compared to single-component PC systems. In addition, depending on the combination of lipids, we observed a deeper location of the PA phosphate groups compared to the PC phosphate groups, which can alter the presentation of PAs for the peripheral membrane proteins, affecting their accessibility for binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Kulig
- Computational Physics Laboratory , Tampere University , P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere , Finland
- Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Hanna Korolainen
- Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Maria Zatorska
- Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 2 , 30-387 Kraków , Poland
| | - Urszula Kwolek
- Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 2 , 30-387 Kraków , Poland
| | - Paweł Wydro
- Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 2 , 30-387 Kraków , Poland
| | - Mariusz Kepczynski
- Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 2 , 30-387 Kraków , Poland
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Computational Physics Laboratory , Tampere University , P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere , Finland
- Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
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28
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The Many Faces of Amphipathic Helices. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8030045. [PMID: 29976879 PMCID: PMC6164224 DOI: 10.3390/biom8030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphipathic helices (AHs), a secondary feature found in many proteins, are defined by their structure and by the segregation of hydrophobic and polar residues between two faces of the helix. This segregation allows AHs to adsorb at polar⁻apolar interfaces such as the lipid surfaces of cellular organelles. Using various examples, we discuss here how variations within this general scheme impart membrane-interacting AHs with different interfacial properties. Among the key parameters are: (i) the size of hydrophobic residues and their density per helical turn; (ii) the nature, the charge, and the distribution of polar residues; and (iii) the length of the AH. Depending on how these parameters are tuned, AHs can deform lipid bilayers, sense membrane curvature, recognize specific lipids, coat lipid droplets, or protect membranes from stress. Via these diverse mechanisms, AHs play important roles in many cellular processes.
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29
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Hofbauer HF, Gecht M, Fischer SC, Seybert A, Frangakis AS, Stelzer EHK, Covino R, Hummer G, Ernst R. The molecular recognition of phosphatidic acid by an amphipathic helix in Opi1. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3109-3126. [PMID: 29941475 PMCID: PMC6122994 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201802027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) lipids have a dual role as building blocks for membrane biogenesis and as active signaling molecules. This study establishes the molecular details of selective PA recognition by the transcriptional regulator Opi1 from baker’s yeast. A key event in cellular physiology is the decision between membrane biogenesis and fat storage. Phosphatidic acid (PA) is an important intermediate at the branch point of these pathways and is continuously monitored by the transcriptional repressor Opi1 to orchestrate lipid metabolism. In this study, we report on the mechanism of membrane recognition by Opi1 and identify an amphipathic helix (AH) for selective binding of PA over phosphatidylserine (PS). The insertion of the AH into the membrane core renders Opi1 sensitive to the lipid acyl chain composition and provides a means to adjust membrane biogenesis. By rational design of the AH, we tune the membrane-binding properties of Opi1 and control its responsiveness in vivo. Using extensive molecular dynamics simulations, we identify two PA-selective three-finger grips that tightly bind the PA phosphate headgroup while interacting less intimately with PS. This work establishes lipid headgroup selectivity as a new feature in the family of AH-containing membrane property sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald F Hofbauer
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany .,Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Gecht
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine C Fischer
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Physical Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anja Seybert
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Achilleas S Frangakis
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ernst H K Stelzer
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Physical Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Roberto Covino
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hummer
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute for Biophysics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Robert Ernst
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
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30
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Granade ME, Harris TE. Purification of Lipin and Measurement of Phosphatidic Acid Phosphatase Activity from Liposomes. Methods Enzymol 2018; 607:373-388. [PMID: 30149866 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The lipin family of enzymes are phosphatidic acid (PA) phosphatases responsible for converting PA to diacylglycerol (DAG). Lipins therefore occupy a central node in the synthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG) and phospholipids, and may play a role in regulating the levels of PA and DAG as signaling molecules. Some enzymatic assays used to measure PA phosphatase activities use detergents above their critical micelle concentration to present substrate; however, these methods do not represent the physiological membrane bilayers found in cells and these conditions can drastically alter phosphatase activities. Other assays use poorly defined mixtures of phosphatidylcholine (PC), PA, and high concentrations of BSA to present substrate. In this chapter, we describe methods for affinity purification of FLAG-tagged lipin proteins, and an alternative enzymatic assay using small unilamellar vesicles, also known as liposomes, to investigate specific activities of PA phosphatases. These activities are measured using an acidified Bligh-Dyer extraction to separate the water-soluble, radiolabeled, inorganic phosphate released during the assay from the chloroform-soluble PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell E Granade
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
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31
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Pokotylo I, Kravets V, Martinec J, Ruelland E. The phosphatidic acid paradox: Too many actions for one molecule class? Lessons from plants. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 71:43-53. [PMID: 29842906 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a simple phospholipid observed in most organisms. PA acts as a key metabolic intermediate and a second messenger that regulates many cell activities. In plants, PA is involved in numerous cell responses induced by hormones, stress inputs and developmental processes. Interestingly, PA production can be triggered by opposite stressors, such as cold and heat, or by hormones that are considered to be antagonistic, such as abscisic acid and salicylic acid. This property questions the specificity of the responses controlled by PA. Are there generic responses to PA, meaning that cell regulation triggered by PA would be always the same, even in opposite physiological situations? Alternatively, do the responses to PA differ according to the physiological context within the cells? If so, the mechanisms that regulate the divergence of PA-controlled reactions are poorly defined. This review summarizes the latest opinions on how PA signalling is directed in plant cells and examines the intrinsic properties of PA that enable its regulatory diversity. We propose a concept whereby PA regulatory messages are perceived as complex "signatures" that take into account their production site, the availability of target proteins and the relevant cellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pokotylo
- Université Paris-Est, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Créteil, France; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Kravets
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Jan Martinec
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Ruelland
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine; CNRS, UMR7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Créteil, France.
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32
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Protein⁻Phospholipid Interaction Motifs: A Focus on Phosphatidic Acid. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8020020. [PMID: 29690573 PMCID: PMC6022864 DOI: 10.3390/biom8020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular membranes are composed of thousands of different lipids usually maintained within a narrow range of concentrations. In addition to their well-known structural and metabolic roles, signaling functions for many lipids have also emerged over the last two decades. The latter largely depend on the ability of particular classes of lipids to interact specifically with a great variety of proteins and to regulate their localization and activity. Among these lipids, phosphatidic acid (PA) plays a unique role in a large repertoire of cellular activities, most likely in relation to its unique biophysical properties. However, until recently, only incomplete information was available to model the interaction between PA and its protein partners. The development of new liposome-based assays as well as molecular dynamic simulation are now providing novel information. We will review the different factors that have shown to modulate the capacity of PA to interact with specific domains in target proteins.
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33
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Song IT, Stewart RJ. Complex coacervation of Mg(ii) phospho-polymethacrylate, a synthetic analog of sandcastle worm adhesive phosphoproteins. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:379-386. [PMID: 29147716 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01654a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The highly phosphorylated Pc3 proteins, major components of the sandcastle worm adhesive, are sequestered with Mg as spherical sub-granules within heterogeneous secretory granules in adhesive gland cells. The phase behavior of a synthetic phospho-polymethacrylate analog of the Pc3 phosphoproteins, in the presense of Mg(ii), was characterized to determine whether it is chemically possible for the natural adhesive components to be packaged and stored as liquid complex coacervates. Of several multivalent metal salts tested, only MgCl induced complex coacervation of the phospho-copolymer. Complex coacervates formed at Mg/P ratios from 0.5-8, and in [NaCl]s from 0-3 M. At low temperature and pH, the complex coacervates were clear and homogeneous. At higher temperatures and pH, the coacervate phases were translucent. The elastic and viscous moduli initially decreased as temperature increased, but then increased significantly near the temperature boundary between clear and translucent forms. A mechanism is proposed in which relatively weak, ionic strength-independent, outer shell crossbridging of -PO32- sidechains by Mg[H2O]62+ complex ions is responsible for the clear homogeneous lower viscosity coacervate form. At higher temperature and pH, displacement of inner shell H2O molecules by phosphate O- ligands creates stronger crossbridges, additional dehydration, and more viscous coacervates. The results demonstrate that Pc3 phosphoproteins can exist as condensed phospho/Mg(ii) complex coacervates under conditions expected in the adhesive glands of sandcastle worms in their natural environment. Considering the common regulatory role of phosphorylation and the intracellular abundance of Mg2+ it is possible that soft bridging of phosphate groups by Mg[H2O]n2+ may promote other regulated cellular liquid liquid phase separation phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Taek Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, 20 S. 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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34
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Zhang T, Brantley SL, Verreault D, Dhankani R, Corcelli SA, Allen HC. Effect of pH and Salt on Surface pK a of Phosphatidic Acid Monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:530-539. [PMID: 29207248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The pH-induced surface speciation of organic surfactants such as fatty acids and phospholipids in monolayers and coatings is considered to be an important factor controlling their interfacial organization and properties. Yet, correctly predicting the surface speciation requires the determination of the surface dissociation constants (surface pKa) of the protic functional group(s) present. Here, we use three independent methods-compression isotherms, surface tension pH titration, and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS)-to study the protonation state of dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid (DPPA) monolayers on water and NaCl solutions. By examining the molecular area expansion at basic pH, the pKa to remove the second proton of DPPA (surface pKa2) at the aqueous interface is estimated. In addition, utilizing IRRAS combined with density functional theory calculations, the vibrational modes of the phosphate headgroup were directly probed and assigned to understand DPPA charge speciation with increasing pH. We find that all three experimental techniques give consistent surface pKa2 values in good agreement with each other. Results show that a condensed DPPA monolayer has a surface pKa2 of 11.5, a value higher than previously reported (∼7.9-8.5). This surface pKa2 was further altered by the presence of Na+ cations in the aqueous subphase, which reduced the surface pKa2 from 11.5 to 10.5. It was also found that the surface pKa2 value of DPPA is modulated by the packing density (i.e., the surface charge density) of the monolayer, with a surface pKa2 as low as 9.2 for DPPA monolayers in the two-dimensional gaseous phase over NaCl solutions. The experimentally determined surface pKa2 values are also found to be in agreement with those predicted by Gouy-Chapman theory, validating these methods and proving that surface charge density is the driving factor behind changes to the surface pKa2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shelby L Brantley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Dominique Verreault
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Raja Dhankani
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Steven A Corcelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Heather C Allen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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35
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Himschoot E, Pleskot R, Van Damme D, Vanneste S. The ins and outs of Ca 2+ in plant endomembrane trafficking. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 40:131-137. [PMID: 28965016 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Trafficking of proteins and lipids within the plant endomembrane system is essential to support cellular functions and is subject to rigorous regulation. Despite this seemingly strict regulation, endomembrane trafficking needs to be dynamically adjusted to ever-changing internal and environmental stimuli, while maintaining cellular integrity. Although often overlooked, the versatile second messenger Ca2+ is intimately connected to several endomembrane-associated processes. Here, we discuss the impact of electrostatic interactions between Ca2+ and anionic phospholipids on endomembrane trafficking, and illustrate the direct role of Ca2+ sensing proteins in regulating endomembrane trafficking and membrane integrity preservation. Moreover, we discuss how Ca2+ can control protein sorting within the plant endomembrane system. We thus highlight Ca2+ signaling as a versatile mechanism by which numerous signals are integrated into plant endomembrane trafficking dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Himschoot
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roman Pleskot
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniël Van Damme
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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36
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Jacquemyn J, Cascalho A, Goodchild RE. The ins and outs of endoplasmic reticulum-controlled lipid biosynthesis. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:1905-1921. [PMID: 29074503 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized enzymes synthesize the vast majority of cellular lipids. The ER therefore has a major influence on cellular lipid biomass and balances the production of different lipid categories, classes, and species. Signals from outside and inside the cell are directed to ER-localized enzymes, and lipid enzyme activities are defined by the integration of internal, homeostatic, and external information. This allows ER-localized lipid synthesis to provide the cell with membrane lipids for growth, proliferation, and differentiation-based changes in morphology and structure, and to maintain membrane homeostasis across the cell. ER enzymes also respond to physiological signals to drive carbohydrates and nutritionally derived lipids into energy-storing triglycerides. In this review, we highlight some key regulatory mechanisms that control ER-localized enzyme activities in animal cells. We also discuss how they act in concert to maintain cellular lipid homeostasis, as well as how their dysregulation contributes to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Jacquemyn
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana Cascalho
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rose E Goodchild
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium .,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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37
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Mirheydari M, Mann EK, Kooijman EE. Interaction of a model apolipoprotein, apoLp-III, with an oil-phospholipid interface. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1860:396-406. [PMID: 29030246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are "small" organelles that play an important role in de novo synthesis of new membrane, and steroid hormones, as well as in energy storage. The way proteins interact specifically with the oil-(phospho-)lipid monolayer interface of lipid droplets is a relatively unexplored but crucial question. Here, we use our home built liquid droplet tensiometer to mimic intracellular lipid droplets and study protein-lipid interactions at this interface. As model neutral lipid binding protein, we use apoLp-III, an amphipathic α-helix bundle protein. This domain is also found in proteins from the perilipin family and in apoE. Protein binding to the monolayer is studied by the decrease in the oil/water surface tension. Previous work used POPC (one of the major lipids found on lipid droplets) to form the phospholipid monolayer on the triolein surface. Here we expand this work by incorporating other lipids with different physico-chemical properties to study the effect of charge and lipid head-group size. This study sheds light on the affinity of this important protein domain to interact with lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mirheydari
- Physics Department, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, United States.
| | - Elizabeth K Mann
- Physics Department, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, United States
| | - Edgar E Kooijman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, United States
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38
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Boroda S, Takkellapati S, Lawrence RT, Entwisle SW, Pearson JM, Granade ME, Mullins GR, Eaton JM, Villén J, Harris TE. The phosphatidic acid-binding, polybasic domain is responsible for the differences in the phosphoregulation of lipins 1 and 3. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:20481-20493. [PMID: 28982975 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.786574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipins 1, 2, and 3 are Mg2+-dependent phosphatidic acid phosphatases and catalyze the penultimate step of triacylglycerol synthesis. We have previously investigated the biochemistry of lipins 1 and 2 and shown that di-anionic phosphatidic acid (PA) augments their activity and lipid binding and that lipin 1 activity is negatively regulated by phosphorylation. In the present study, we show that phosphorylation does not affect the catalytic activity of lipin 3 or its ability to associate with PA in vitro The lipin proteins each contain a conserved polybasic domain (PBD) composed of nine lysine and arginine residues located between the conserved N- and C-terminal domains. In lipin 1, the PBD is the site of PA binding and sensing of the PA electrostatic charge. The specific arrangement and number of the lysines and arginines of the PBD vary among the lipins. We show that the different PBDs of lipins 1 and 3 are responsible for the presence of phosphoregulation on the former but not the latter enzyme. To do so, we generated lipin 1 that contained the PBD of lipin 3 and vice versa. The lipin 1 enzyme with the lipin 3 PBD lost its ability to be regulated by phosphorylation but remained downstream of phosphorylation by mammalian target of rapamycin. Conversely, the presence of the lipin 1 PBD in lipin 3 subjected the enzyme to negative intramolecular control by phosphorylation. These results indicate a mechanism for the observed differences in lipin phosphoregulation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Boroda
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908 and
| | - Sankeerth Takkellapati
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908 and
| | - Robert T Lawrence
- the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Samuel W Entwisle
- the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Jennifer M Pearson
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908 and
| | - Mitchell E Granade
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908 and
| | - Garrett R Mullins
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908 and
| | - James M Eaton
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908 and
| | - Judit Villén
- the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Thurl E Harris
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908 and
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Abstract
The bacterial cytoplasmic membrane is composed of roughly equal proportions of lipids and proteins. The main lipid components are phospholipids, which vary in acyl chain length, saturation, and branching and carry head groups that vary in size and charge. Phospholipid variants determine membrane properties such as fluidity and charge that in turn modulate interactions with membrane-associated proteins. We summarize recent advances in understanding bacterial membrane structure and function, focusing particularly on the possible existence and significance of specialized membrane domains. We review the role of membrane curvature as a spatial cue for recruitment and regulation of proteins involved in morphogenic functions, especially elongation and division. Finally, we examine the role of the membrane, especially regulation of synthesis and fluid properties, in the life cycle of cell wall-deficient L-form bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Strahl
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AX United Kingdom; ,
| | - Jeff Errington
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AX United Kingdom; ,
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40
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Kassas N, Tanguy E, Thahouly T, Fouillen L, Heintz D, Chasserot-Golaz S, Bader MF, Grant NJ, Vitale N. Comparative Characterization of Phosphatidic Acid Sensors and Their Localization during Frustrated Phagocytosis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:4266-4279. [PMID: 28115519 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.742346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is the simplest phospholipid naturally existing in living organisms, but it constitutes only a minor fraction of total cell lipids. PA has attracted considerable attention because it is a phospholipid precursor, a lipid second messenger, and a modulator of membrane shape, and it has thus been proposed to play key cellular functions. The dynamics of PA in cells and in subcellular compartments, however, remains an open question. The recent generation of fluorescent probes for PA, by fusing GFP to PA-binding domains, has provided direct evidence for PA dynamics in different intracellular compartments. Here, three PA sensors were characterized in vitro, and their preferences for different PA species in particular lipidic environments were compared. In addition, the localization of PA in macrophages during frustrated phagocytosis was examined using these PA sensors and was combined with a lipidomic analysis of PA in intracellular compartments. The results indicate that the PA sensors display some preferences for specific PA species, depending on the lipid environment, and the localization study in macrophages revealed the complexity of intracellular PA dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Kassas
- From the Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), UPR-3212 CNRS and Université de Strasbourg, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg
| | - Emeline Tanguy
- From the Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), UPR-3212 CNRS and Université de Strasbourg, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg
| | - Tamou Thahouly
- From the Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), UPR-3212 CNRS and Université de Strasbourg, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg
| | - Laetitia Fouillen
- the Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, UMR-5200 CNRS, Plateforme Métabolome, Université de Bordeaux, 33883 Villenave D'Ornon, and
| | - Dimitri Heintz
- the Plateforme Métabolomique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR-2357 CNRS and Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Botanique, 28 Rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvette Chasserot-Golaz
- From the Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), UPR-3212 CNRS and Université de Strasbourg, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg
| | - Marie-France Bader
- From the Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), UPR-3212 CNRS and Université de Strasbourg, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg
| | - Nancy J Grant
- From the Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), UPR-3212 CNRS and Université de Strasbourg, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg
| | - Nicolas Vitale
- From the Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), UPR-3212 CNRS and Université de Strasbourg, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg,
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Laucirica G, Marmisollé WA, Azzaroni O. Dangerous liaisons: anion-induced protonation in phosphate–polyamine interactions and their implications for the charge states of biologically relevant surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:8612-8620. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08793k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The specific binding of phosphates on surface amino groups has complex consequences on the protonation equilibriums and effective surface charges with serious implications for further biochemically relevant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Laucirica
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímica Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)
- La Plata
| | - Waldemar A. Marmisollé
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímica Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)
- La Plata
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímica Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)
- La Plata
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42
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Kooijman EE, Swim LA, Graber ZT, Tyurina YY, Bayır H, Kagan VE. Magic angle spinning 31P NMR spectroscopy reveals two essentially identical ionization states for the cardiolipin phosphates in phospholipid liposomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:61-68. [PMID: 27984017 PMCID: PMC5362297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Specific membrane lipid composition is crucial for optimized structural and functional organization of biological membranes. Cardiolipin is a unique phospholipid and important component of the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is involved in energy metabolism, inner mitochondrial membrane transport, regulation of multiple metabolic reactions and apoptotic cell death. The physico-chemical properties of cardiolipin have been studied extensively but despite all these efforts there is still lingering controversy regarding the ionization of the two phosphate groups of cardiolipin. Results obtained in the 1990s and early 2000s suggested that cardiolipin has two disparate pKa values where one of the protons was proposed to be stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond. This has led to extensive speculations on the roles of these two putative ionization states of cardiolipin in mitochondria. More recently the notion of two pKa values has been challenged and rejected by several groups. These studies relied on external measurements of proton adsorption or electrophoretic mobility of membranes but did not take into account the low pH phase behavior and chemical stability of cardiolipin. Here we used 31P NMR to show that in the physiologically relevant membrane phospholipid environment, cardiolipin carries two negative charges at physiological pH. We additionally demonstrate the pH dependent phase behavior and chemical stability of cardiolipin containing membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Kooijman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States.
| | - L A Swim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Z T Graber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Y Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - H Bayır
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - V E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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43
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Dymond MK, Gillams RJ, Parker DJ, Burrell J, Labrador A, Nylander T, Attard GS. Lipid Spontaneous Curvatures Estimated from Temperature-Dependent Changes in Inverse Hexagonal Phase Lattice Parameters: Effects of Metal Cations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:10083-10092. [PMID: 27603198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently we reported a method for estimating the spontaneous curvatures of lipids from temperature-dependent changes in the lattice parameter of inverse hexagonal liquid crystal phases of binary lipid mixtures. This method makes use of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) as a host lipid, which preferentially forms an inverse hexagonal phase to which a guest lipid of unknown spontaneous curvature is added. The lattice parameters of these binary lipid mixtures are determined by small-angle X-ray diffraction at a range of temperatures and the spontaneous curvature of the guest lipid is determined from these data. Here we report the use of this method on a wide range of lipids under different ionic conditions. We demonstrate that our method provides spontaneous curvature values for DOPE, cholesterol, and monoolein that are within the range of values reported in the literature. Anionic lipids 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphatidic acid (DOPA) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoserine (DOPS) were found to exhibit spontaneous curvatures that depend on the concentration of divalent cations present in the mixtures. We show that the range of curvatures estimated experimentally for DOPA and DOPS can be explained by a series of equilibria arising from lipid-cation exchange reactions. Our data indicate a universal relationship between the spontaneous curvature of a lipid and the extent to which it affects the lattice parameter of the hexagonal phase of DOPE when it is part of a binary mixture. This universal relationship affords a rapid way of estimating the spontaneous curvatures of lipids that are expensive, only available in small amounts, or are of limited chemical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus K Dymond
- Division of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton , Brighton BN2 4GJ, U.K
| | - Richard J Gillams
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural & Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Duncan J Parker
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural & Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Jamie Burrell
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural & Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Ana Labrador
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University , PO Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tommy Nylander
- Physical Chemistry, Lund University , PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - George S Attard
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural & Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
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44
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Raben DM, Barber CN. Phosphatidic acid and neurotransmission. Adv Biol Regul 2016; 63:15-21. [PMID: 27671966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lipids play a vital role in the health and functioning of neurons and interest in the physiological role of neuronal lipids is certainly increasing. One neuronal function in which neuronal lipids appears to play key roles in neurotransmission. Our understanding of the role of lipids in the synaptic vesicle cycle and neurotransmitter release is becoming increasingly more important. Much of the initial research in this area has highlighted the major roles played by the phosphoinositides (PtdIns), diacylglycerol (DAG), and phosphatidic acid (PtdOH). Of these, PtdOH has not received as much attention as the other lipids although its role and metabolism appears to be extremely important. This lipid has been shown to play a role in modulating both exocytosis and endocytosis although its precise role in either process is not well defined. The currently evidence suggest this lipid likely participates in key processes by altering membrane architecture necessary for membrane fusion, mediating the penetration of membrane proteins, serving as a precursor for other important SV cycling lipids, or activating essential enzymes. In this review, we address the sources of PtdOH, the enzymes involved in its production, the regulation of these enzymes, and its potential roles in neurotransmission in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Raben
- The Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Casey N Barber
- The Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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45
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Shatz O, Holland P, Elazar Z, Simonsen A. Complex Relations Between Phospholipids, Autophagy, and Neutral Lipids. Trends Biochem Sci 2016; 41:907-923. [PMID: 27595473 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Research in the past decade has established the importance of autophagy to a large number of physiological processes and pathophysiological conditions. Originally characterized as a pathway responsible for protein turnover and recycling of amino acids in times of starvation, it has been recently recognized as a major regulator of lipid metabolism. Different lipid species play various roles in the regulation of autophagosomal biogenesis, both as membrane constituents and as signaling platforms. Distinct types of autophagy, in turn, facilitate specific steps in metabolic pathways of different lipid classes, best exemplified in recent studies on neutral lipid dynamics. We review the emerging notion of intricate links between phospholipids, autophagy, and neutral lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Shatz
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Petter Holland
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Zvulun Elazar
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
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46
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Phosphatidic acid binding proteins display differential binding as a function of membrane curvature stress and chemical properties. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:2709-2716. [PMID: 27480805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a crucial membrane phospholipid involved in de novo lipid synthesis and numerous intracellular signaling cascades. The signaling function of PA is mediated by peripheral membrane proteins that specifically recognize PA. While numerous PA-binding proteins are known, much less is known about what drives specificity of PA-protein binding. Previously, we have described the ionization properties of PA, summarized in the electrostatic-hydrogen bond switch, as one aspect that drives the specific binding of PA by PA-binding proteins. Here we focus on membrane curvature stress induced by phosphatidylethanolamine and show that many PA-binding proteins display enhanced binding as a function of negative curvature stress. This result is corroborated by the observation that positive curvature stress, induced by lyso phosphatidylcholine, abolishes PA binding of target proteins. We show, for the first time, that a novel plant PA-binding protein, Arabidopsis Epsin-like Clathrin Adaptor 1 (ECA1) displays curvature-dependence in its binding to PA. Other established PA targets examined in this study include, the plant proteins TGD2, and PDK1, the yeast proteins Opi1 and Spo20, and, the mammalian protein Raf-1 kinase and the C2 domain of the mammalian phosphatidylserine binding protein Lact as control. Based on our observations, we propose that liposome binding assays are the preferred method to investigate lipid binding compared to the popular lipid overlay assays where membrane environment is lost. The use of complex lipid mixtures is important to elucidate further aspects of PA binding proteins.
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47
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Mirheydari M, Rathnayake SS, Frederick H, Arhar T, Mann EK, Cocklin S, Kooijman EE. Insertion of perilipin 3 into a glycero(phospho)lipid monolayer depends on lipid headgroup and acyl chain species. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:1465-76. [PMID: 27256689 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m068205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles that contribute to various cellular functions that are vital for life. Aside from acting as a neutral lipid storage depot, they are also involved in building new membranes, synthesis of steroid hormones, and cell signaling. Many aspects of LD structure and function are not yet well-understood. Here we investigate the interaction of perilipin 3, a member of the perilipin family of LD binding proteins, and three N-terminal truncation mutants with lipid monolayers. The interaction is studied as a function of surface pressure for a series of systematically chosen lipids. We find that the C terminus of perilipin 3 has different insertion behavior from that of the longer truncation mutants and the full-length protein. Inclusion of N-terminal sequences with the C terminus decreases the ability of the protein construct to insert in lipid monolayers. Coupling of anionic lipids to negative spontaneous curvature facilitates protein interaction and insertion. The C terminus shows strong preference for lipids with more saturated fatty acids. This work sheds light on the LD binding properties and function of the different domains of perilipin 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mirheydari
- Departments of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242
| | | | - Hannah Frederick
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242
| | - Taylor Arhar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA 90045
| | | | - Simon Cocklin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
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48
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Kwolek U, Jamróz D, Janiczek M, Nowakowska M, Wydro P, Kepczynski M. Interactions of Polyethylenimines with Zwitterionic and Anionic Lipid Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:5004-5018. [PMID: 27115556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between polyethylenimines (PEIs) and phospholipid membranes are of fundamental importance for various biophysical applications of these polymers such as gene delivery. Despite investigations into the nature of these interactions, their molecular basis remains poorly understood. In this article, we combined experimental methods and atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to obtain comprehensive insight into the effect of linear and branched PEIs on zwitterionic and anionic bilayers used as simple models of mammalian cellular membranes. Our results show that PEIs adsorb only partially on the surface of zwitterionic membranes by forming hydrogen bonds to the lipid headgroups, whereas a large part of the polymer chains dangles freely in the aqueous phase. In contrast, PEIs readily adhere to and insert into the anionic membrane. The attraction of the polymer chains to the membrane is due to electrostatic interactions as well as hydrogen bonding between the amine groups of PEI and the phosphate groups of lipids. These interactions were found to induce a substantial reorganization of the bilayer in the polymer vicinity due to the reorientation of lipid molecules. The lipid headgroups were pulled toward the center of the membrane, which can facilitate transmembrane translocations of anionic lipids. Furthermore, the PEI-lipid interactions affect the stability of liposomal dispersions, but we did not see any evidence of disruption of the vesicular structures into small fragments at polymer concentrations typically used in gene therapy. Our results provide a detailed molecular-level description of the lipid organization in the membrane in the presence of polycations that can be useful in understanding their mechanisms of in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Kwolek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota Jamróz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Janiczek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Nowakowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Wydro
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kepczynski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
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49
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Evaluation of Electrostatic Interaction between Lysolecithin and Chitosan in Two-Layer Tuna Oil Emulsions by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy. FOOD BIOPHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-016-9427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Ganesan S, Shabits BN, Zaremberg V. Tracking Diacylglycerol and Phosphatidic Acid Pools in Budding Yeast. Lipid Insights 2016; 8:75-85. [PMID: 27081314 PMCID: PMC4824325 DOI: 10.4137/lpi.s31781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG) are key signaling molecules and important precursors for the biosynthesis of all glycerolipids found in eukaryotes. Research conducted in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been at the forefront of the identification of the enzymes involved in the metabolism and transport of PA and DAG. Both these lipids can alter the local physical properties of membranes by introducing negative curvature, but the anionic nature of the phosphomonoester headgroup in PA sets it apart from DAG. As a result, the mechanisms underlying PA and DAG interaction with other lipids and proteins are notoriously different. This is apparent from the analysis of the protein domains responsible for recognition and binding to each of these lipids. We review the current evidence obtained using the PA-binding proteins and domains fused to fluorescent proteins for in vivo tracking of PA pools in yeast. In addition, we present original results for visualization of DAG pools in yeast using the C1 domain from mammalian PKCδ. An emerging first cellular map of the distribution of PA and DAG pools in actively growing yeast is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brittney N Shabits
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vanina Zaremberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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