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Karakoese Z, Le-Trilling VTK, Schuhenn J, Francois S, Lu M, Liu J, Trilling M, Hoffmann D, Dittmer U, Sutter K. Targeted mutations in IFNα2 improve its antiviral activity against various viruses. mBio 2023; 14:e0235723. [PMID: 37874130 PMCID: PMC10746204 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02357-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The potency of interferon (IFN)α to restrict viruses was already discovered in 1957. However, until today, only IFNα2 out of the 12 distinct human IFNα subtypes has been therapeutically used against chronic viral infections. There is convincing evidence that other IFNα subtypes are far more efficient than IFNα2 against many viruses. In order to identify critical antiviral residues within the IFNα subtype sequence, we designed hybrid molecules based on the IFNα2 backbone with individual sequence motifs from the more potent subtypes IFNα6 and IFNα14. In different antiviral assays with HIV or HBV, residues binding to IFNAR1 as well as combinations of residues in the IFNAR1 binding region, the putative tunable anchor, and residues outside these regions were identified to be crucial for the antiviral activity of IFNα. Thus, we designed artificial IFNα molecules, based on the clinically approved IFNα2 backbone, but with highly improved antiviral activity against several viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Karakoese
- University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Virology, Essen, Germany
- University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Translational HIV Research, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Jonas Schuhenn
- University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Virology, Essen, Germany
| | - Sandra Francois
- University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Virology, Essen, Germany
| | - Mengji Lu
- University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Virology, Essen, Germany
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mirko Trilling
- University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Virology, Essen, Germany
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Daniel Hoffmann
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Group Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Virology, Essen, Germany
- University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Translational HIV Research, Essen, Germany
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Virology, Essen, Germany
- University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Translational HIV Research, Essen, Germany
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Watanabe H, Yabe-Wada T, Onai N, Unno M. Detailed Structure of Mouse Interferon α2 and Its Interaction with Sortilin. J Biochem 2021; 170:265-273. [PMID: 33769476 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon α (IFNα) is a type I interferon, an essential cytokine employed by the immune system to fight viruses. Although a number of the structures of type I interferons have been reported, most of the known structures of IFNα are in complex with its receptors. There are only two examples of structures of free IFNα: one is a dimeric X-ray structure without side-chain information; and another is an NMR structure of human IFNα. Although we have shown that Sortilin is involved in the secretion of IFNα, the details of the molecular interaction and the secretion mechanism remain unclear. Recently, we solved the X-ray structure of mouse Sortilin, but the structure of mouse IFNα remained unknown. In the present study, we determined the crystal structure of mouse IFNα2 at 2.1 Å resolution and investigated its interaction with Sortilin. Docking simulations suggested that Arg22 of mouse IFNα2 is important for the interaction with mouse Sortilin. Mutation of Arg22 to alanine facilitated IFNα2 secretion, as determined by flow cytometry, highlighting the contribution of this residue to the interaction with Sortilin. These results suggest an important role for Arg22 in mouse IFNα for Sortilin-mediated IFNα trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honoka Watanabe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan.,Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University, Tokai Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yabe-Wada
- Department of Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Onai
- Department of Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Masaki Unno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan.,Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University, Tokai Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
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3
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Walter MR. The Role of Structure in the Biology of Interferon Signaling. Front Immunol 2020; 11:606489. [PMID: 33281831 PMCID: PMC7689341 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines with the unique ability to induce cell intrinsic programs that enhance resistance to viral infection. Induction of an antiviral state at the cell, tissue, organ, and organismal level is performed by three distinct IFN families, designated as Type-I, Type-II, and Type-III IFNs. Overall, there are 21 human IFNs, (16 type-I, 12 IFNαs, IFNβ, IFNϵ, IFNκ, and IFNω; 1 type-II, IFNγ; and 4 type-III, IFNλ1, IFNλ2, IFNλ3, and IFNλ4), that induce pleotropic cellular activities essential for innate and adaptive immune responses against virus and other pathogens. IFN signaling is initiated by binding to distinct heterodimeric receptor complexes. The three-dimensional structures of the type-I (IFNα/IFNAR1/IFNAR2), type-II (IFNγ/IFNGR1/IFNGR2), and type-III (IFNλ3/IFNλR1/IL10R2) signaling complexes have been determined. Here, we highlight similar and unique features of the IFNs, their cell surface complexes and discuss their role in inducing downstream IFN signaling responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Walter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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4
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Peciak K, Laurine E, Tommasi R, Choi JW, Brocchini S. Site-selective protein conjugation at histidine. Chem Sci 2019; 10:427-439. [PMID: 30809337 PMCID: PMC6354831 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03355b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Site-selective conjugation generally requires both (i) molecular engineering of the protein of interest to introduce a conjugation site at a defined location and (ii) a site-specific conjugation technology. Three N-terminal interferon α2-a (IFN) variants with truncated histidine tags were prepared and conjugation was examined using a bis-alkylation reagent, PEG(10kDa)-mono-sulfone 3. A histidine tag comprised of two histidines separated by a glycine (His2-tag) underwent PEGylation. Two more IFN variants were then prepared with the His2-tag engineered at different locations in IFN. Another IFN variant was prepared with the His-tag introduced in an α-helix, and required three contiguous histidines to ensure that two histidine residues in the correct conformation would be available for conjugation. Since histidine is a natural amino acid, routine methods of site-directed mutagenesis were used to generate the IFN variants from E. coli in soluble form at titres comparable to native IFN. PEGylation conversions ranged from 28-39%. A single step purification process gave essentially the pure PEG-IFN variant (>97% by RP-HPLC) in high recovery with isolated yields ranging from 21-33%. The level of retained bioactivity was strongly dependent on the site of PEG conjugation. The highest biological activity of 74% was retained for the PEG10-106(HGHG)-IFN variant which is unprecedented for a PEGylated IFN. The His2-tag at 106(HGHG)-IFN is engineered at the flexible loop most distant from IFN interaction with its dimeric receptor. The biological activity for the PEG10-5(HGH)-IFN variant was determined to be 17% which is comparable to other PEGylated IFN conjugates achieved at or near the N-terminus that have been previously described. The lowest retained activity (10%) was reported for PEG10-120(HHH)-IFN which was prepared as a negative control targeting a IFN site thought to be involved in receptor binding. The presence of two histidines as a His2-tag to generate a site-selective target for bis-alkylating PEGylation is a feasible approach for achieving site-selective PEGylation. The use of a His2-tag to strategically engineer a conjugation site in a protein location can result in maximising the retention of the biological activity following protein modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Peciak
- UCL School of Pharmacy , University College London , 29-39 Brunswick Square , London , WC1N 1AX , UK .
- Abzena , Babraham Research Campus, Babraham , Cambridge CB22 3AT , UK
| | | | - Rita Tommasi
- Abzena , Babraham Research Campus, Babraham , Cambridge CB22 3AT , UK
| | - Ji-Won Choi
- Abzena , Babraham Research Campus, Babraham , Cambridge CB22 3AT , UK
| | - Steve Brocchini
- UCL School of Pharmacy , University College London , 29-39 Brunswick Square , London , WC1N 1AX , UK .
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5
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Srivastava G, Moseri A, Kessler N, Arshava B, Naider F, Anglister J. Defining specific residue‐to‐residue interactions between the gp120 bridging sheet and the N‐terminal segment ofCCR5: applications of transferredNOE NMR. FEBS J 2018; 285:4296-4310. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Srivastava
- Department of Structural Biology Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Adi Moseri
- Department of Structural Biology Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Naama Kessler
- Department of Structural Biology Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Boris Arshava
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Assembly Institute College of Staten Island of the City University of New York NY USA
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York NY USA
| | - Fred Naider
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Assembly Institute College of Staten Island of the City University of New York NY USA
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York NY USA
| | - Jacob Anglister
- Department of Structural Biology Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
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6
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Arif A, Mohammed K, Nadeem MS. Biochemical and in silico evaluation of recombinant E. coli aminopeptidase and in vitro processed human interferon α-2b. Turk J Biol 2018; 42:240-249. [PMID: 30814886 PMCID: PMC6353284 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1801-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is an extensively used host for the production of recombinant proteins, making its N-terminal methionine aminopeptidase (MAP) an attractive candidate for studies on posttranslational protein processing. The present study describes the recombinant production and properties of MAP from the DH5α strain of E. coli. The soluble and active enzyme was produced in E. coli BL21 (DE3) RIL - codon plus cells under a T7 promoter system and purified by anion-exchange chromatography. It exhibited a molecular weight of 29,200.94 Da by MALDI-TOF analysis. The purified enzyme showed specific activity of 1.64 U/mg with methionylp-nitroanilide and 1.51 U/mg with synthetic tetrapeptide substrate 'MGMM' in a discontinuous HPLC-based assay. In vitro studies showed the processing of up to 36% of Met-INFα-2b in 40 min. In silico studies revealed that the ES-complex formation between the enzyme and interferon has a ΔG -683.07 kJ/mol. Molecular docking results showed that the processed INFα-2b has greater binding affinity with IFNAR2 receptor as indicated by ΔG -784.53 kJ/mol, significantly lower than that of methionine containing INFα-2b (ΔG -717.63 kJ/mol). These findings emphasize the functional superiority or better efficacy of N-terminal methionine processed recombinant interferon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Arif
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Kaleemuddin Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
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7
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Anglister J, Srivastava G, Naider F. Detection of intermolecular NOE interactions in large protein complexes. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 97:40-56. [PMID: 27888839 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Intermolecular NOE interactions are invaluable for structure determination of biomolecular complexes by NMR and they represent the "gold-standard" amongst NMR measurements for characterizing interfaces. These NOEs constitute only a small fraction of the observed NOEs in a complex and are usually weaker than many of the intramolecular NOEs. A number of methods have been developed to remove the intramolecular NOEs that interfere with the identification of intermolecular NOEs. NMR experiments used to observe intermolecular NOE interactions in large protein complexes must cope with the short T2 relaxation time of the protons and heteronuclei in these complexes because they result in severe losses in sensitivity. The isotope-edited/isotope-filtered experiment is a powerful method for extraction of intermolecular NOEs in biomolecular complexes. Its application to large protein complexes is limited because of severe losses in signal-to-noise ratio caused by delays in the pulse sequence necessary for the multiple magnetization transfer steps between protons and heteronuclei. Isotope-edited/isotope-edited experiments, in which one protein is usually labeled with 13C and the other is labeled with 15N, reduce possible artifacts in the filtering experiments and improve somewhat the sensitivity of these experiments. Sensitivity can also be improved by deuteration of the components of the complex in order to replace either or both of the filtering or editing steps. Asymmetric deuteration, where aromatic residues in one protein and non-aromatic amino acids in the other are reverse protonated, can eliminate the editing and the filtering steps altogether, thus maintaining high sensitivity even for large proteins complexes. Difference spectroscopy and the use of 2D NOESY experiments without using editing or filtering steps can significantly increase the signal-to-noise ratio in experiments aimed at observing intermolecular NOEs. The measurement of NOESY spectra of three different preparations of a heterodimeric complex under investigation in which one or neither of the components is uniformly deuterated, and calculation of a double difference spectrum provides information on all intermolecular NOEs of non-exchangeable protons. Recent studies indicate that many protein-protein interactions are actually between a protein and a linear peptide recognition motif of the second protein, and determinants represented by linear peptides contribute significantly to the binding energy. NMR is a very versatile method to study peptide-protein interactions over a wide range of binding affinities and binding kinetics. Protein-peptide interactions in complexes exhibiting tight binding can be studied using single and/or multiple deuteration of the peptide residues and measuring a difference NOESY spectrum. This difference spectrum will show exclusively intra- and intermolecular interactions of the peptide protons that were deuterated. Transferred nuclear Overhauser spectroscopy (TRNOE) extends NMR to determine interactions within and between a weakly-bound rapidly-exchanging peptide and its protein target. TRNOE, together with asymmetric deuteration, is applicable to complexes up to ∼100KDa and is highly sensitive, taking advantage of the long average T2 of the peptide protons. Among the methods described in this review, TRNOE has the best potential to determine intermolecular NOEs for the upper molecular weight limit of proteins that can be studied in detail by NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Anglister
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Gautam Srivastava
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Fred Naider
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Assembly Institute, College of Staten Island of the City University of New York, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA; Biochemistry and Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel(1)
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8
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Srivastava G, Moseri A, Kessler N, Akabayov SR, Arshava B, Naider F, Anglister J. Detection of intermolecular transferred NOEs in large protein complexes using asymmetric deuteration: HIV-1 gp120 in complex with a CCR5 peptide. FEBS J 2016; 283:4084-4096. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Srivastava
- Department of Structural Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
| | - Adi Moseri
- Department of Structural Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
| | - Naama Kessler
- Department of Structural Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
| | - Sabine R. Akabayov
- Department of Structural Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
| | - Boris Arshava
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Assembly Institute; College of Staten Island of the City University of New York; Staten Island NY USA
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York; NY USA
| | - Fred Naider
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Assembly Institute; College of Staten Island of the City University of New York; Staten Island NY USA
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York; NY USA
| | - Jacob Anglister
- Department of Structural Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
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9
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Development of next generation of therapeutic IFN-α2b via genetic code expansion. Acta Biomater 2015; 19:100-11. [PMID: 25769229 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
With the aim to overcome the heterogeneity associated with marketed IFN-α2b PEGylates and optimize the size of the PEG moiety and the site of PEGylation, we develop a viable and facile platform through genetic code expansion for PEGylation of IFN-α2b at any chosen site(s). This approach includes site-specific incorporation of an azide-bearing amino acid into IFN-α2b followed by orthogonal and stoichiometric conjugation of a variety of PEGs via a copper-free click reaction. By this approach, only the chosen site(s) within IFN-α2b is consistently PEGylated under mild conditions, leading to a single and homogenous conjugate. Furthermore, it makes the structure-activity relationship study of IFN-α2b possible by which the opposite effects of PEGylation on the biological and pharmacological properties are optimized. Upon re-examination of the PEGylated IFN-α2b isomers carrying different sizes of PEG at different sites, we find mono-PEGylates at H34, A74 and E107 with a 20-, 10- and 10-kDa PEG moiety, respectively, have both higher biological activities and better PK profiles than others. These might represent the direction for development of the next generation of PEGylated IFN-α2b.
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10
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Li X, He A, Huang K, Liu H, Zhao Y, Wei Y, Xu Y, Noda I, Wu J. Two-dimensional asynchronous spectrum with auxiliary cross peaks in probing intermolecular interactions. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16062f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A new approach called “asynchronous spectrum with auxiliary peaks (ASAP)” is proposed for generating a 2D asynchronous spectrum to investigate the intermolecular interaction between two solutes (P and Q) dissolved in the same solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Li
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
| | - Anqi He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Kun Huang
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- P. R. China
| | - Huizhou Liu
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- P. R. China
| | - Yongju Wei
- College of Chemistry and Material Science
- Hebei Normal University
- Shijiazhuang
- P. R. China
| | - Yizhuang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Isao Noda
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Jinguang Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
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11
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Zhang R, Zeng W, Meng X, Huang J, Wu W. Molecular dynamics simulations and 2D NOESY spectrum study on the different behaviors of glutathione disulfide in different solutions. Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Marchant J, Cowper B, Liu Y, Lai L, Pinzan C, Marq JB, Friedrich N, Sawmynaden K, Liew L, Chai W, Childs RA, Saouros S, Simpson P, Roque Barreira MC, Feizi T, Soldati-Favre D, Matthews S. Galactose recognition by the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:16720-33. [PMID: 22399295 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.325928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxosplasma gondii is the model parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa, which contains numerous obligate intracellular parasites of medical and veterinary importance, including Eimeria, Sarcocystis, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, and Plasmodium species. Members of this phylum actively enter host cells by a multistep process with the help of microneme protein (MIC) complexes that play important roles in motility, host cell attachment, moving junction formation, and invasion. T. gondii (Tg)MIC1-4-6 complex is the most extensively investigated microneme complex, which contributes to host cell recognition and attachment via the action of TgMIC1, a sialic acid-binding adhesin. Here, we report the structure of TgMIC4 and reveal its carbohydrate-binding specificity to a variety of galactose-containing carbohydrate ligands. The lectin is composed of six apple domains in which the fifth domain displays a potent galactose-binding activity, and which is cleaved from the complex during parasite invasion. We propose that galactose recognition by TgMIC4 may compromise host protection from galectin-mediated activation of the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Marchant
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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13
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The design and recombinant protein expression of a consensus porcine interferon: CoPoIFN-α. Cytokine 2012; 57:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Koehler JW, Dupuy LC, Garrison AR, Beitzel BF, Richards MJ, Ripoll DR, Wallqvist A, Teh SY, Vaewhongs AA, Vojdani FS, Padgett HS, Schmaljohn CS. Novel plant-derived recombinant human interferons with broad spectrum antiviral activity. Antiviral Res 2011; 92:461-9. [PMID: 22020161 PMCID: PMC9628711 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are potent mediators of the innate immune response to viral infection. IFNs released from infected cells bind to a receptor (IFNAR) on neighboring cells, triggering signaling cascades that limit further infection. Subtle variations in amino acids can alter IFNAR binding and signaling outcomes. We used a new gene crossbreeding method to generate hybrid, type I human IFNs with enhanced antiviral activity against four dissimilar, highly pathogenic viruses. Approximately 1400 novel IFN genes were expressed in plants, and the resultant IFN proteins were screened for antiviral activity. Comparing the gene sequences of a final set of 12 potent IFNs to those of parent genes revealed strong selection pressures at numerous amino acids. Using three-dimensional models based on a recently solved experimental structure of IFN bound to IFNAR, we show that many but not all of the amino acids that were highly selected for are predicted to improve receptor binding.
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Key Words
- ifns, interferons
- ifnar, interferon-α receptor
- veev, venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
- rvfv, rift valley fever virus
- ebov, ebola virus
- mpxv, monkeypox virus
- grammr™, genetic reassortment by mismatch resolution
- bsa, bovine serum albumin
- gfp, green fluorescent protein
- pspp, protein structure prediction pipeline
- pdb, protein data bank
- type i interferons
- ebola virus
- rift valley fever virus
- venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
- monkeypox virus
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Koehler
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
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15
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Nudelman I, Akabayov SR, Scherf T, Anglister J. Observation of intermolecular interactions in large protein complexes by 2D-double difference nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy: application to the 44 kDa interferon-receptor complex. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:14755-64. [PMID: 21819146 PMCID: PMC3173517 DOI: 10.1021/ja205480v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
NMR detection of intermolecular interactions between protons in large protein complexes is very challenging because it is difficult to distinguish between weak NOEs from intermolecular interactions and the much larger number of strong intramolecular NOEs. This challenging task is exacerbated by the decrease in signal-to-noise ratio in the often used isotope-edited and isotope-filtered experiments as a result of enhanced T(2) relaxation. Here, we calculate a double difference spectrum that shows exclusively intermolecular NOEs and manifests the good signal-to-noise ratio in 2D homonuclear NOESY spectra even for large proteins. The method is straightforward and results in a complete picture of all intermolecular interactions involving non exchangeable protons. Ninety-seven such (1)H-(1)H NOEs were assigned for the 44 KDa interferon-α2/IFNAR2 complex and used for docking these two proteins. The symmetry of the difference spectrum, its superb resolution, and unprecedented signal-to-noise ratio in this large protein/receptor complex suggest that this method is generally applicable to study large biopolymeric complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Nudelman
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sabine R. Akabayov
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tali Scherf
- Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jacob Anglister
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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16
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Thomas C, Moraga I, Levin D, Krutzik PO, Podoplelova Y, Trejo A, Lee C, Yarden G, Vleck SE, Glenn JS, Nolan GP, Piehler J, Schreiber G, Garcia KC. Structural linkage between ligand discrimination and receptor activation by type I interferons. Cell 2011; 146:621-32. [PMID: 21854986 PMCID: PMC3166218 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Type I Interferons (IFNs) are important cytokines for innate immunity against viruses and cancer. Sixteen human type I IFN variants signal through the same cell-surface receptors, IFNAR1 and IFNAR2, yet they can evoke markedly different physiological effects. The crystal structures of two human type I IFN ternary signaling complexes containing IFNα2 and IFNω reveal recognition modes and heterotrimeric architectures that are unique among the cytokine receptor superfamily but conserved between different type I IFNs. Receptor-ligand cross-reactivity is enabled by conserved receptor-ligand "anchor points" interspersed among ligand-specific interactions that "tune" the relative IFN-binding affinities, in an apparent extracellular "ligand proofreading" mechanism that modulates biological activity. Functional differences between IFNs are linked to their respective receptor recognition chemistries, in concert with a ligand-induced conformational change in IFNAR1, that collectively control signal initiation and complex stability, ultimately regulating differential STAT phosphorylation profiles, receptor internalization rates, and downstream gene expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Thomas
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ignacio Moraga
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Doron Levin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Peter O. Krutzik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baxter Lab in Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yulia Podoplelova
- Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Angelica Trejo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baxter Lab in Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Choongho Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ganit Yarden
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Susan E. Vleck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Glenn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Garry P. Nolan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baxter Lab in Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - K. Christopher Garcia
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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17
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Hamming OJ, Lutfalla G, Levraud JP, Hartmann R. Crystal structure of Zebrafish interferons I and II reveals conservation of type I interferon structure in vertebrates. J Virol 2011; 85:8181-7. [PMID: 21653665 PMCID: PMC3147990 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00521-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) play a major role in orchestrating the innate immune response toward viruses in vertebrates, and their defining characteristic is their ability to induce an antiviral state in responsive cells. Interferons have been reported in a multitude of species, from bony fish to mammals. However, our current knowledge about the molecular function of fish IFNs as well as their evolutionary relationship to tetrapod IFNs is limited. Here we establish the three-dimensional (3D) structure of zebrafish IFNϕ1 and IFNϕ2 by crystallography. These high-resolution structures offer the first structural insight into fish cytokines. Tetrapods possess two types of IFNs that play an immediate antiviral role: type I IFNs (e.g., alpha interferon [IFN-α] and beta interferon [IFN-β]) and type III IFNs (lambda interferon [IFN-λ]), and each type is characterized by its specific receptor usage. Similarly, two groups of antiviral IFNs with distinct receptors exist in fish, including zebrafish. IFNϕ1 and IFNϕ2 represent group I and group II IFNs, respectively. Nevertheless, both structures reported here reveal a characteristic type I IFN architecture with a straight F helix, as opposed to the remaining class II cytokines, including IFN-λ, where helix F contains a characteristic bend. Phylogenetic trees derived from structure-guided multiple alignments confirmed that both groups of fish IFNs are evolutionarily closer to type I than to type III tetrapod IFNs. Thus, these fish IFNs belong to the type I IFN family. Our results also imply that a dual antiviral IFN system has arisen twice during vertebrate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Jensen Hamming
- Centre for Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Georges Lutfalla
- Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires et Pathologiques (DIMNP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5235, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Levraud
- Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris F-75015, France
- CNRS URA2578, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Rune Hartmann
- Centre for Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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18
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Cirkovas A, Sereikaite J. Different effects of l-arginine on the heat-induced unfolding and aggregation of proteins. Biologicals 2011; 39:181-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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